CN105165368A - Method for rapidly breeding seedlings by using bletilla striata tubers - Google Patents
Method for rapidly breeding seedlings by using bletilla striata tubers Download PDFInfo
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- CN105165368A CN105165368A CN201510662836.2A CN201510662836A CN105165368A CN 105165368 A CN105165368 A CN 105165368A CN 201510662836 A CN201510662836 A CN 201510662836A CN 105165368 A CN105165368 A CN 105165368A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for rapidly breeding seedlings by using bletilla striata tubers. According to the method, rapid breeding is realized by using bletilla striata tubers, and the technical route of synchronization of bud increase and rooting is adopted, complete plants can be formed after about 50 days, and a large number of complete plants can be obtained within 4-6 months, so that large-scale industrial seedling breeding of bletilla striata is realized. The method for rapidly breeding seedlings by using bletilla striata tubers is simple, and the seedling breeding cost is reduced greatly. By adopting the method, quick budding and high reproduction rate are realized, the method is simple, tissue culture equipment is not required to be added, the production cost is low, batch production is realized and the application value is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medicinal plant nursery engineering field, be specifically related to a kind of propagation method utilizing bletilla striata stem tuber quickly breeding seedling.
Background technology
The bletilla striata, have another name called give free of charge, indocalamus is blue, is the one that the orchid family bletilla belongs to, perennial herb, pseudobulb block root shape, white, plump, has finger-like difference.Stem is sturdy, uprightly, and high 30-60 centimetre.Leaf 3-6 piece, lanceolar or wide lanceolar, tip is gradually sharp, and base portion constitute sheath-like embraces stem.Raceme top is raw, sparse, has colored 3-8 piece, spends beautiful greatly, aubergine.Petal 3, the lip Long Circle of falling ovum, dark 3 split, and middle valve margin has wave-formed mouth, the coated stamen post of side sliver part.Sepal 3, petal-shaped.Capsule, cylindric, above, 6 vertical ribs are given prominence to.Seed is tiny of dust.Florescence late April-late May, fructescence in 11 months, the last ten-days period.Have mutation to spend the bletilla striata in vain, floral white, garden-variety still has indigo plant, Huang, pink isochrome.Conventional division propagation.Spring young leaves sprout before or autumn and winter overground part withered after, the old strain of turn up, segmentation pseudobulb carries out point planting, and every strain can divide 3-5 strain, and every strain must be with terminal bud to split.Also can adopt seed propagation, but because of seed tiny, hypoplasia, need use medium aseptic inoculation, complicated operation, therefore seldom used.
Bletilla striata stem tuber is mainly used in hemoptysis and spits blood, traumatism and bleeding, sore swollen toxin, chapped skin.Pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis, ulcer haemorrhage.Its bulb is containing bletilla colloid, starch, volatilization wet goods.Medicinal, have produce effects, tonifying lung hemostasis, the effect such as detumescence, external application controls that traumatic bleeding, carbuncle are swollen, scald, furunculosis etc.Spend beauty, cultivation is for viewing and admiring.From documents and materials, main to use bletilla striata propagation by corm at present, plant good in draining, fertile sand loam and humus loam, need warm more dark and damp environment.But in recent years, along with the gloomy body coverage rate of southern each province strengthens, wild bletilla striata resource growth is seriously restricted.Adding bletilla striata demand to strengthen, gather and consume a large amount of wild plant resources, when gathering and consumption exceedes the regeneration capacity of natural resources, the in imminent danger of species will inevitably be caused even to become extinct.Simultaneously along with the destruction day by day of natural ecological environment, also cause the scarcity of resources of medicinal plant further.
Publication number a kind of method utilizing bletilla striata seeds Fast-propagation seedling that has been the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN101940158A, adopt iodophor solution soaking disinfection bletilla striata seeds, in intelligent climate box, induced bundle is sprouted the stage, adopt improved culture medium, and Reasonable adjustment developmental temperature, illumination is implanted through the seedling that 35-50 days cultivate in the stainless steel disc or porcelain dish filling matrix, then puts into 20-26 DEG C of indoor hardening, within bletilla striata growth of seedling 3-4 month, enters field planting.Shorten the seedling seedling cycle, improve the survival rate of bletilla striata seedling large Tanaka, when avoiding former technology mercuric chloride solution sterilization bletilla striata seeds, human body is worked the mischief.But a lot of bletilla striata seeds ateliosis, bletilla striata seeds does not germinate substantially, and economic benefit can not get effective raising, is difficult to this technology of large-scale promotion.
The method of publication number a kind of Fast-propagation bletilla striata seedling that has been the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN102283115A: select bletilla striata mature seed as explant.2) be seeded to germination medium after seed disinfection, about 7 days seed germinations, within about 14 days, form protocorm, cutting protocorm, is forwarded to Protocorm Multiplication medium.3) protocorm is forwarded to inducing clumping bud and proliferated culture medium.4) cut Multiple Buds and make its amount reproduction, be forwarded to Rooting and hardening-off culture base after waiting Multiple Buds to grow up to the seedling of high about 3cm, transplant when seedling grows up to height about 7 ~ 10cm.Solve seedling that current bletilla striata vegetative propagation exists and carry the problems such as virus, deterioration of variety, effective output are low.The present invention can obtain the virus-free seedling of a large amount of sexual propagation under manual control condition, and compared with traditional modes of reproduction, output increased about 30%, has positive effect to the demand and supply contraction alleviating the bletilla striata.Adopt this method that the bletilla striata can be made to form planting scale, but its Cultivate administration is more difficult, implantation time also lengthens, and the cost of plantlet in vitro own is high, and peasant economy benefit can not effectively improve, and is also difficult to this technology of large-scale promotion.
Publication number to be the Introduction To Cn Patent of the CN103609312A a kind of outdoor seed propagation method of bletilla striata seeds, it is characterized in that, step is as follows: (1) seedling bed prepares: on mountain, open the hole that the degree of depth is 20-30 centimetre, the upper plastic film of bottom pad, film is put the mountain base soil of 10-20 cm thick, base soil in mountain, below 1 centimetre, is sprayed water to saturated by fineness; The river sand getting below 150 orders shines 3-7 days in the sunlight; Get the humus soil of below 150 orders, with the above steam sterilization 30-60 minute of 90 DEG C, be down to normal temperature; Get the pine sawdust of below 150 orders, with the above steam sterilization 30-60 minute of 90 DEG C, be down to normal temperature; By river sand: humus soil: pine sawdust=10: the volume ratio of 5-7: 3-5 mixes as medium; Mountain base soil is put medium 5-10 cm thick, sprays water saturated to medium; Medium is put the sphagna bits of one deck 1 centimetre, and water spray is to saturated; (2) sow: the common vinegar adding 5-20 part in " bacterium king " 500 times of liquid of 100 parts makes seed-soaking liquid; Bletilla striata seeds is put into seed-soaking liquid to soak seed 10-24 hour; Well 3-5 hour is shone in the sun with the paper bag of 50 grams after filtering; Bletilla striata seeds is sowed equably on sphagna bits; Seed-soaking liquid is sprayed on equably on sphagna bits; Seeding quantity is every square metre of 3-5 gram; (3) manage: make shed with black plastic film and seedbed is covered, and open air holes in surrounding; Keep temperature of shed 10-30 DEG C, humidity is more than 80%; Spray weekly a water saturated to sphagna bits; Water every other week and execute medical aspirin 1000 times of liquid 1 time, consumption is every square metre of 500-1000 milliliter; Water every other week and execute " bacterium king " 500 times of liquid and add the vinegar of 1% to 10% once, consumption is every square metre of 600-1200 milliliter; Cultivate after within 4-6 month, having sprouted and remove plastic foil, shade with shading screen; Continue water spray weekly and dispenser every other week and weeding, insect prevention work; Can transplant after the blade of bletilla striata seedling reaches 5-8 centimetre.
The scale high-yield cultivating method of publication number a kind of bletilla striata that has been the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN104380994A, the method comprises the breeding of seedling, hardening, field-transplanting, growing season management, the management in bletilla striata vegetative period next year and gathers.The invention has the advantages that and microbial technique is combined with ecologic planting technology, the former dew of EM used promotes the growth of plant fast, decompose the residual of medicine, shorten the cycle of plantation greatly and improve the output of the bletilla striata, compared with traditional implantation methods, the bletilla striata shorten 1 ~ 2 year crop cycle, within 3 years, can gather, bletilla striata rhizome after gathering is individual large, look just, its per mu yield is 2 ~ 3 times of the cultivation of traditional rhizome, so just greatly reduce the risk of investment, early stage, the cost of investment of plantation was low, economic benefit instant effect, and high efficiency, pollution-free, can meet bletilla striata industrialization completely, the planting conditions of scale, be easy to apply.
Publication number a kind of bletilla factorial seedling-culturing method that has been the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN104719152A.Make use of the advantage that bletilla capsule seed amount is large, take seed as explant, establish bletilla group culturation rapid propagating technology and plantlet in vitro acclimatization technology, aseptically carry out germination and growth, overcome the impact of external environment on bletilla seed germination, substantially increase bletilla seed germination rate and growth rate, the plant of bulb diameter about 0.7cm within 5 months, can be grown up to from seed, need transfer 1 time for middle, achieve the factorial praluction of bletilla seedling, it is simple to operate, cost is low, reliability is high, whole growing-seedling period about 8 months, domestication survival rate more than 91%.The bletilla seedling direct transplantation land for growing field crops survival rate of taming about 3 months can be gathered up to after about 98%, 4-5, solves the problem of bletilla sapling multiplication difficulty, achieves the factorial seedling growth of bletilla.
In sum, the cost of the low very difficult extensive development of germination rate and reduction seed seedling during employing bletilla striata seeds nursery, and adopt the bletilla striata to carry out group training, greatly improve the cost of plantlet in vitro, be difficult to make plantation family connect love, and be difficult to the economic benefit that realization improves peasant.Also be that documents and materials reported that to utilize band bud bletilla striata stem tuber to carry out point numerous, by the bletilla striata stem tuber with bud head separately, and do not have the bletilla striata tubercle of bud head to be followed by the bletilla striata stem tuber of bud head, cause its seed costs in planting process higher, and do not have the bletilla striata tubercle proportion of bud head very large, and very possible dead and waste in planting process, but adopt every year nursery can only be made in this way to improve 6-8 doubly, the waste of the bletilla striata not with sprout tuber stem can be caused.Therefore, in order to meet the medicinal demand day by day increased, make full use of each tubercle of the bletilla striata, go out bletilla striata sprout for each tubercle rapid induction, effectively improve reproduction coefficient, reduce the price of nursery, avoid and utilize bletilla striata seeds breeding emergence rate extremely low, cultivating seeds process is loaded down with trivial details, and growth rate is slow, utilize fast breeding technique, realizing artificial cultivation is best solution.
Up to now, at home and abroad there is not yet about the direct report carrying out the multiple bud head of drug-induced formation for bletilla striata stem tuber on common seedling bed.We, by lot of experiments, finally finding out the method for a set of maturation, successfully achieve the Fast-propagation of the bletilla striata, can go out a large amount of seedling by quickly breeding, providing possibility for realizing the industrialization artificial cultivation bletilla striata.The successful foundation of bletilla striata stem tuber fast breeding technique method, can provide seedling for the extensive artificial cultivation medicinal plant bletilla striata, for modern science and technology agricultural provides a kind of practicable exploration project.
Summary of the invention
Because the bletilla striata is by problems such as pseudobulb reproduction coefficient are too low, and many by operating procedure during tissue culture technology, process is complicated and require aseptic processing environment and associative operation technical staff, cause when being cultivated by group training and have high input, the problems such as output is not high, therefore the object of this invention is to provide a kind of not high to nurturing an environment, drop into low, that reproduction coefficient is high rapid propagation method for bletilla striata, reach applicable suitability for industrialized production, formulation efficacy is good, bud ratio is high, incubation time is short, plant strain growth is vigorous, workable, using value advantages of higher.
The method utilizing bletilla striata fast seedling raising of the present invention, its concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) pretreatment of the fresh stem tuber of the bletilla striata: select the fresh stem tuber of the bletilla striata just excavated, removes fibrous root, then by each stem tuber separately, forms single stem tuber, and cleans with 5 ~ 12% carbendazim solutions;
(2) light treatment of the fresh stem tuber of the bletilla striata: be that 1000 ~ 2000LX carries out 24 hours Continuous irradiation by illuminance, middle chien shih relative moisture maintains 70 ~ 90%, and temperature is at 20 ~ 25 DEG C, and midway is stirred 6-8 time, process 12 ~ 25 days, obtain and turn the green single stem tuber bletilla striata;
(3) the fresh stem tuber of the bletilla striata lure bud process: be divided into fritter by turing the crosscut of green stem tuber bletilla striata cutter, short bud growth solution is sprayed once in each interval of one day once after mixing with activated carbon after sterilization again, every 100kg bletilla striata stem tuber sprays 7 ~ 15kg/ time, maintain relative moisture 70 ~ 85%, intensity of illumination 1000 ~ 1200LX, illumination every day 14 ~ 16 hours, temperature, at 20 ~ 25 DEG C, grows sprout in 25 ~ 35 days;
(4) the fresh stem tuber of the bletilla striata lure root process: lure bud process to terminate rear with educating root solution-treated twice totally, twice processes interval time is 3 ~ 6 days, every 100kg bletilla striata stem tuber sprays 10 ~ 35kg/ time, cultivation temperature 23 ~ 27 DEG C, illumination every day 12 ~ 13 hours, intensity of illumination 900 ~ 1300LX, relative moisture controls 60 ~ 75%, cultivates and grows a large amount of fibrous root in 15 ~ 25 days;
(5) bletilla striata transplantation of seedlings: root bletilla striata seedling will be with to take out, then be transplanted in Nutrition Soil, cultivation temperature 23 ~ 27 DEG C, illumination every day 8 ~ 12 hours, intensity of illumination 700 ~ 1000LX, relative moisture controls 50 ~ 65%, transplants booth and cultivates 20 ~ 180 days;
(6) final-period management: be transplanted to land for growing field crops from booth during 3 annual ~ May after, 6 ~ September covers with two-layer sunshade net, and adopt dropper mode to carry out moisturizing, insulation water conservation is carried out with mulch film after entering November, to next year February ~ remove mulch film March, conveniently bletilla striata cultivation method carries out fertilizer and pest management.
In a specific embodiment, the compound method of 5% carbendazim solution described in step (1) is take the powder of carbendazim 5g bought in market, and the water adding 95g carries out mixing.
In a specific embodiment, the segmentation of bletilla striata stem tuber described in step (3) size is that 1cm ~ 3cm is thick; Grain active carbon size is 1 ~ 10 order; The usage amount kg of grain active carbon is 0.2 ~ 10kg: 1kg with bletilla striata stem tuber weight kg ratio.
In a specific embodiment, short bud growth solution described in step (3) refers to the aqueous solution of 6-BA (6-benzyl aminoadenine) containing 0.5 ~ 5g/L, 0.2 ~ 0.5g/LNAA (naa), 2% ~ 5% carbendazim.
In a specific embodiment, educate root solution described in step (4) and refer to the aqueous solution containing 0.8 ~ 2g/LNAA (naa), 1% ~ 3% carbendazim.
In a specific embodiment, Nutrition Soil described in step (5), can make by oneself, its formula is garden mould 3 ~ 5 parts, 3 ~ 6 parts, compost (farmers''s compost), river sand 2 ~ 3 parts, ash 1 ~ 2 part, mix, or direct market buys " golden No. 3 " peasant household of Hangzhou Jinhai Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. from principal mode plug seedling substrate, or the happy farm fields soil of Lv Zhiyuan Co., Ltd of Zhengjiang City.
In a specific embodiment, step (6) middle land for growing field crops humid control is 50 ~ 65%; Temperature controls at 10 ~ 30 DEG C.
In another embodiment, conventional bletilla striata cultivation method described in step (7): the cake fertilizer (cake-shaped rape seed dregs: tea oil residule 3: 1 or 2: 1 of executing and crossing through composting is spilt to the land for growing field crops after removing mulch film, admix the pre-insect-pest of the withered energy of tea) mix farmyard manure (through composting or burnt, to kill weed seed, worm's ovum and germ), every mu applies 1000 ~ 2000kg (the cake fertilizer 150 ~ 200kg containing becoming thoroughly decomposed); From April, every mu applies 1: 3 people and animals' liquid dung 1000 ~ 1500kg, every minor tick about 30 days; If generation black spot, spray with 70% thiophanate methyl Wettable Powder, 1000 times of liquid; If there is root knot nematode disease harm, fill with 3% carbofuran Granules and execute basin soil.
Technique effect:
(1) the inventive method can avoid the depression effect on the single stem tuber of the bletilla striata between each potential sprout completely, farthest increases reproduction coefficient, fully ensure that the genetic stability of bletilla striata kind, avoids the phenomenon that making a variation easily appears in plantlet in vitro simultaneously.
(2) the inventive method utilizes bletilla striata stem tuber to set up Fast-propagation, increases this technology path of blastogenesis root synchronization, only needs to form whole plant in about 50 days, can obtain a large amount of whole plant, realize the large-scale industrialized nursery of the bletilla striata in 4-6 month.
(3) bletilla striata seedling-growing method of the inventive method acquisition is simple, and greatly reduces seedling cost.This cultural method sprouts soon, and the rate of increase is high, and method is simple, and do not need increase group training equipment, production cost is low, can be mass, and using value is high.
(4) production of the bletilla striata can be carried out under manual control condition, not by the restriction of the factors such as season, weather conditions and soil, can get rid of the invasion and attack of damage by disease and insect and the impact of residue of pesticide, the strict quality controlling the bletilla striata.
(5) use fast breeding technique provided by the invention to obtain bletilla striata seedling, carry out artificial cultivation, transplanting survival rate is higher than plantlet in vitro, more can reform of nature environment fast, can shorten bletilla striata Planting Years.
(6) germ plasm resource of the bletilla striata can be preserved, be conducive to protection bletilla striata wild resource simultaneously, reduce the destruction to natural resources.
Embodiment
Below, the present invention will be further detailed by embodiment, but it is not limited to any one or similar example of these embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Select the fresh stem tuber of the bletilla striata that October 15 gathered, remove fibrous root, then by each stem tuber separately, form single stem tuber, and clean with 5% carbendazim solution.Be that 1000 ~ 2000LX carries out 24 hours Continuous irradiation by illuminance, make envionmental humidity maintain about 80%, temperature maintains about 23 DEG C, and midway stirs 6 times, process 15 days, and acquisition turns the green single stem tuber bletilla striata.Each is turned the fritter that the crosscut of green bletilla striata stem tuber cutter is divided into about 2cm thick (to carry out being divided into similar oval shape fritter with the vertical angle in bletilla striata tuber growth direction, each single stem tuber may be partitioned into 3 ~ 8 fritters), after mixing with 10kg bletilla striata fritter with the grain active carbon about 5 orders after 4kg sterilization again, spray the 6-BA containing 2g/L more in each interval of one day, 0.3g/LNAA, the aqueous solution of 3% carbendazim once, every 100kg bletilla striata stem tuber sprays 10kg/ time, maintain envionmental humidity 75%, intensity of illumination 1000 ~ 1200LX, illumination every day 15 hours, temperature is at 20 ~ 25 DEG C, within 27 days, grow sprout.Lure bud process terminate rear use contain 1g/LNAA, 1% carbendazim aqueous solution process once, every 100kg bletilla striata stem tuber sprays 15kg/ time, 5 days, interval again, with the aqueous solution process containing 1g/LNAA, 1% carbendazim once, every 100kg bletilla striata stem tuber sprays 15kg/ time, cultivation temperature 23 ~ 27 DEG C, illumination every day 12 ~ 13 hours, intensity of illumination 900 ~ 1300LX, relative moisture controls about 70%, cultivates with this understanding and grows a large amount of fibrous root in 25 days.Fibrous root bletilla striata seedling will be with to take out, then be transplanted in Nutrition Soil, cultivation temperature 23 ~ 27 DEG C, illumination every day 8 ~ 12 hours, intensity of illumination 700 ~ 1000LX, envionmental humidity controls 605%, transplants booth and cultivates 35 days.Process 400 single stem tubers of the bletilla striata as stated above, split 1376 bletilla striata fritters, obtained 1354 strain seedlings, planting percent is 98.40%.After transplanting land for growing field crops 3 ~ April, 6-9 month covers with two-layer sunshade net, and adopts dropper mode to carry out moisturizing, and carry out insulation water conservation with mulch film after entering November, land for growing field crops relative moisture controls 55%; Temperature controls at 10 ~ 30 DEG C, mulch film is removed March ~ April to Second Year, cake fertilizer (the cake-shaped rape seed dregs: tea oil residule 3: 1 or 2: 1 of executing and crossing through composting is spilt to the land for growing field crops after removing mulch film, admix the pre-insect-pest of the withered energy of tea) mix farmyard manure (through composting or burnt, to kill weed seed, worm's ovum and germ), every mu applies 1000 ~ 2000kg (the cake fertilizer 150 ~ 200kg containing becoming thoroughly decomposed); From April, every mu applies 1: 3 people and animals' liquid dung 1000 ~ 1500kg, every minor tick about 30 days; If generation black spot, spray with 70% thiophanate methyl Wettable Powder, 1000 times of liquid; If there is root knot nematode disease harm, fill with 3% carbofuran Granules and execute basin soil.Obtained seedling has been survived after field planting 1320 strain seedlings, survival rate reaches 97.5%.
Embodiment 2
Select the fresh stem tuber of the bletilla striata that September 15 excavated, remove fibrous root, then by each stem tuber separately, form single stem tuber, and clean with 8% carbendazim solution.Be that 1000 ~ 2000LX carries out 24 hours Continuous irradiation by illuminance, make envionmental humidity maintain about 75%, temperature maintains about 21 DEG C, and midway stirs 8 times, process 18 days, and acquisition turns the green single stem tuber bletilla striata.Each is turned the fritter 10kg that the crosscut of green bletilla striata stem tuber cutter is divided into 1.5cm thick; after mixing with the grain active carbon 6kg about 5 orders after sterilization again; the aqueous solution of 6-BA, the 0.2g/LNAA of sprinkling containing 2g/L, 4% carbendazim once in each interval of one day; every 100kg bletilla striata stem tuber sprays 15kg/ time; maintain relative moisture 75%, intensity of illumination 1000 ~ 1200LX, illumination every day 14 hours; temperature, at 20 ~ 25 DEG C, grows sprout in 28 days.Rear use contains 0.8g/LNAA, the aqueous solution 10kg of 2% carbendazim sprays process 100kg bletilla striata stem tuber once to lure bud process to terminate, interval is after 6 days again, process 100kg bletilla striata stem tuber is sprayed again once with the aqueous solution 10kg containing 0.8g/LNAA, 2% carbendazim, cultivation temperature 23 ~ 27 DEG C, illumination every day 12 ~ 13 hours, intensity of illumination 900LX ~ 1300LX, relative moisture controls 65%, cultivates and grows a large amount of fibrous root in 20 days.Root bletilla striata seedling will be with to take out, then be transplanted in Nutrition Soil, cultivation temperature 23 ~ 27 DEG C, illumination every day 8 ~ 12 hours, intensity of illumination 700 ~ 1000LX, relative moisture controls 55%, transplants booth and cultivates 40 days.Process 400 single stem tubers of the bletilla striata as stated above, split 1468 bletilla striata fritters, obtained 1435 strain seedlings, planting percent is 97.75%.Behind directly transplanting mid-March land for growing field crops, 6-9 month covers with two-layer sunshade net, and adopts dropper mode to carry out moisturizing, and carry out insulation water conservation with mulch film after entering November, land for growing field crops relative moisture controls about 55%; Temperature controls at 10 ~ 30 DEG C, mulch film is removed to about next year March, cake fertilizer (the cake-shaped rape seed dregs: tea oil residule 3: 1 or 2: 1 of executing and crossing through composting is spilt to the land for growing field crops after removing mulch film, admix the pre-insect-pest of the withered energy of tea) mix farmyard manure (through composting or burnt, to kill weed seed, worm's ovum and germ), every mu applies 1000 ~ 2000kg (the cake fertilizer 150 ~ 200kg containing becoming thoroughly decomposed); From April, every mu applies 1: 3 people and animals' liquid dung 1000 ~ 1500kg, every minor tick about 30 days; If generation black spot, spray with 70% thiophanate methyl Wettable Powder, 1000 times of liquid; If there is root knot nematode disease harm, fill with 3% carbofuran Granules and execute basin soil.Obtained seedling has been survived after field planting 1396 strain seedlings, survival rate reaches 97.28%.
Embodiment 3
Select the fresh stem tuber of the bletilla striata that July 10 excavated, remove fibrous root, then by each stem tuber separately, form single stem tuber, and clean with 5% ~ 10% carbendazim solution.Be that 1000 ~ 2000LX carries out 24 hours Continuous irradiation by illuminance, make envionmental humidity maintain about 80%, temperature maintains about 25 DEG C, and midway stirs 7 times, process 20 days, and acquisition turns the green single stem tuber bletilla striata.Each is turned the fritter 20kg that the crosscut of green bletilla striata stem tuber cutter is divided into 1.5cm thick; the aqueous solution containing 6-BA, the 0.4g/LNAA of 3g/L, 2% carbendazim is sprayed in each interval of one day once after mixing with the grain active carbon 7kg about 5 orders after sterilization again; every 100kg bletilla striata stem tuber sprays 8kg/ time; maintain relative moisture 75%; intensity of illumination 1000 ~ 1200LX; illumination every day 14 hours, temperature, at 20 ~ 25 DEG C, grows sprout in 30 days.The aqueous solution coprocessing twice luring bud process to terminate rear use to contain 1.5g/LNAA, 1% carbendazim, twice interval time is 3 ~ 6 days, every 100kg bletilla striata stem tuber sprays 20kg/ time, cultivation temperature 23 ~ 27 DEG C, illumination every day 12 ~ 13 hours, intensity of illumination 900LX ~ 1300LX, envionmental humidity controls 70%, cultivates and grows a large amount of fibrous root in 15 days.Fibrous root bletilla striata seedling will be with to take out, then be transplanted in Nutrition Soil, cultivation temperature 23 ~ 27 DEG C, illumination every day 8 ~ 12 hours, intensity of illumination 700 ~ 1000LX, relative moisture controls 60%, transplants booth and cultivates 170 days.Process 400 single stem tubers of the bletilla striata as stated above, split 1540 bletilla striata fritters, obtained 1512 strain seedlings, planting percent is 98.18%.Behind directly transplanting in March land for growing field crops, 6-9 month covers with two-layer sunshade net, and adopts dropper mode to carry out moisturizing, and carry out insulation water conservation with mulch film after entering November, land for growing field crops relative moisture controls 55%; Temperature controls at 10 ~ 30 DEG C, mulch film is removed to about next year March, cake fertilizer (the cake-shaped rape seed dregs: tea oil residule 3: 1 or 2: 1 of executing and crossing through composting is spilt to the land for growing field crops after removing mulch film, admix the pre-insect-pest of the withered energy of tea) mix farmyard manure (through composting or burnt, to kill weed seed, worm's ovum and germ), every mu applies 1000 ~ 2000kg (the cake fertilizer 150 ~ 200kg containing becoming thoroughly decomposed); From April, every mu applies 1: 3 people and animals' liquid dung 1000 ~ 1500kg, every minor tick about 30 days; If generation black spot, spray with 70% thiophanate methyl Wettable Powder, 1000 times of liquid; If there is root knot nematode disease harm, fill with 3% carbofuran Granules and execute basin soil.Obtained seedling has been survived after field planting 1478 strain seedlings, survival rate reaches 97.75%.
Comparative examples 1
The method being CN103828717A according to publication number is carried out: silt soil is placed on lowermost layer, and silt layer height is 2 ~ 6cm, puts into Nutrition Soil on silt upper strata, and Nutrition Soil layer height is 5 ~ 8cm, and every mu of 0.45% carbendazim solution spraying 40kg carries out sterilization; On the pseudobulb selecting the bletilla striata, sprout is as culture materials, and bletilla striata block root is removed coring, then by bletilla striata tubercle separately, clean through liquid detergent and running water, rinse after 10 ~ 30 minutes under putting flowing water, be placed in 75% alcohol process 10 ~ 30 seconds, for subsequent use after cutting the part of explant variable color; Get 300 single stem tubers of the bletilla striata and draw two to three times at one side general surgery blade, the degree of depth reaches 1.5 ~ 3.5mm, inserted in the nursery induced liquid containing 0.4% gibberellin, 0.4% carbendazim, 2.0%6-benzyl aminoadenine and processed 7min, being taken out from induced liquid by bletilla striata tubercle lies on seedling bed again, the place of streaking with cutter upward, cultivation temperature 23 ~ 27 DEG C, illumination every day 16 hours, intensity of illumination 1000LX ~ 1500LX, humid control is 70 ~ 85%, cultivate 15 ~ 35 days, until there is sprout to grow.Spray the nursery culture fluid secondary altogether containing 0.15%NAA, 3 ~ 6 days, interval, every mu is sprayed 20kg/ time, and cultivation temperature 23 ~ 27 DEG C, illumination every day 12 ~ 13 hours, intensity of illumination 900LX ~ 1300LX, humid control, 70 ~ 85%, is cultivated 15 ~ 25 days.Bletilla striata tubercle is taken out, with cutter, each bud is separated, put into ash mixing 20 ~ 30min, be transplanted to again in Nutrition Soil, cultivation temperature 23 ~ 27 DEG C, illumination every day 8 ~ 12 hours, intensity of illumination 700 ~ 1000LX, humid control is 55 ~ 80%, and transplant 20 ~ 30 days, transplanting survival rate reaches more than 90%.After transplanting land for growing field crops about annual April, 6-9 month covers with two-layer sunshade net, and adopts dropper mode to carry out moisturizing, and carry out insulation water conservation with mulch film after entering November, land for growing field crops humid control is 40 ~ 70%; Temperature controls at 10 ~ 30 DEG C, removes mulch film, adopt and carry out bletilla striata cultivation management with upper type to about Second Year March; If generation black spot, spray with 70% thiophanate methyl Wettable Powder, 1000 times of liquid; If there is root knot nematode disease harm, fill with 3% carbofuran Granules and execute basin soil; If execute 1 phosphate fertilizer to mid-August during fertilizer deficiency after spending.What result had sprout to produce has 258, and the survival rate number be transplanted in Nutrition Soil is 240 strains, and produce bud rate and reach 86%, survival rate is to 93%.
Claims (6)
1. the invention provides and utilize bletilla striata stem tuber to carry out fast seedling raising method, its concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) pretreatment of the fresh stem tuber of the bletilla striata: select the fresh stem tuber of the bletilla striata just excavated, removes fibrous root, then by each stem tuber separately, forms single stem tuber, and cleans with 5 ~ 12% carbendazim solutions;
(2) light treatment of the fresh stem tuber of the bletilla striata: be that 1000 ~ 2000LX carries out 24 hours Continuous irradiation by illuminance, middle chien shih relative moisture maintains 70 ~ 90%, and temperature is at 20 ~ 25 DEG C, and midway is stirred 6-8 time, process 12 ~ 25 days, obtain and turn the green single stem tuber bletilla striata;
(3) the fresh stem tuber of the bletilla striata lure bud process: be divided into fritter by turing the crosscut of green stem tuber bletilla striata cutter, short bud growth solution is sprayed once in each interval of one day once after mixing with activated carbon after sterilization again, every 100kg bletilla striata stem tuber sprays 7 ~ 15kg/ time, maintain relative moisture 70 ~ 85%, intensity of illumination 1000 ~ 1200LX, illumination every day 14 ~ 16 hours, temperature, at 20 ~ 25 DEG C, grows sprout in 25 ~ 35 days;
(4) the fresh stem tuber of the bletilla striata lure root process: lure bud process to terminate rear with educating root solution-treated twice totally, twice processes interval time is 3 ~ 6 days, every 100kg bletilla striata stem tuber sprays 10 ~ 35kg/ time, cultivation temperature 23 ~ 27 DEG C, illumination every day 12 ~ 13 hours, intensity of illumination 900 ~ 1300LX, relative moisture controls 60 ~ 75%, cultivates and grows a large amount of fibrous root in 15 ~ 25 days;
(5) bletilla striata transplantation of seedlings: fibrous root bletilla striata seedling will be with to take out, then be transplanted in Nutrition Soil, cultivation temperature 23 ~ 27 DEG C, illumination every day 8 ~ 12 hours, intensity of illumination 700 ~ 1000LX, relative moisture controls 50 ~ 65%, transplants booth and cultivates 20 ~ 180 days;
(6) final-period management: be transplanted to land for growing field crops from booth during 3 annual ~ May after, 6 ~ September covers with two-layer sunshade net, and adopt dropper mode to carry out moisturizing, insulation water conservation is carried out with mulch film after entering November, to next year February ~ remove mulch film March, conveniently bletilla striata cultivation method carries out fertilizer and pest management.
2. method according to claim 1, the compound method of 5% carbendazim solution described in step (1) is take the powder of carbendazim 5g bought in market, and the water adding 95g carries out mixing.
3. method according to claim 1, the segmentation of bletilla striata stem tuber described in step (3) size is that 1cm ~ 3cm is thick; Grain active carbon size is 1 ~ 10 order; The usage amount kg of grain active carbon is 0.2 ~ 5kg: 1kg with bletilla striata stem tuber weight kg ratio.
4. method according to claim 1, short bud growth solution described in step (3) refers to the aqueous solution of 6-BA, 0.2 ~ 0.5g/LNAA containing 0.5 ~ 5g/L, 2 ~ 5% carbendazim.
5. method according to claim 1, educates root solution and refers to the aqueous solution containing 0.8 ~ 2g/LNAA, 1% ~ 3% carbendazim described in step (4).
6. method according to claim 1, in step (6), land for growing field crops relative moisture controls 50 ~ 65%; Temperature controls at 10 ~ 30 DEG C.
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| CN107347421A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-11-17 | 长沙爱扬医药科技有限公司 | The high-quality sprout fast breeding method of radix polygonati officinalis |
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| CN108522184A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-09-14 | 刘雅文 | A kind of rapid propagation method for bletilla striata |
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| CN115005038B (en) * | 2022-07-16 | 2023-06-20 | 江西农业大学 | Method for rapidly inducing multiple buds of rhizoma polygonati |
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