CN103444394A - Method for realizing sexual reproduction and seedling culture of bletilla under imitated ecological condition - Google Patents
Method for realizing sexual reproduction and seedling culture of bletilla under imitated ecological condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing sexual reproduction and seedling culture of bletilla under an imitated ecological condition, wherein the large-scale production of bletilla seedlings is realized by using bletilla seeds in a near natural environment, namely under the imitated ecological condition. The method comprises the following steps of artificial supplementary pollinating bletilla, collecting and storing bletilla seeds, building a sowing condition, sowing and early managing after the sowing, and nurturing bletilla seedlings. By the method disclosed by the invention, the problem that the setting percentage of wild bletilla is low is solved, the sexual reproduction of the bletilla is performed under the imitated ecological condition which is built through imitating the nature; the survival rate and the growth density of the reproduced seedlings are high; the scale operation can be realized; the method is easily popularized and applied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for plant sexual propagation, i.e. a kind of complete method of utilizing sexual propagation mode large scale cultivating bletilla striata seedling.More particularly, be on the basis that solves the low problem of wild bletilla striata Natural seed setting rate, under the Ecology condition of setting up at simulating nature, the sowing bletilla striata seeds, and, through specific maintenance processes, breed in a large number the complete method of Wild Medicinal bletilla striata seedling in imminent danger.
Background technology
The bletilla striata is a kind of Wild Medicinal in imminent danger.Its rhizome is used as medicine, and there is outstanding inside and outside section hemostasis and wait pharmacological action, be a kind of traditional Chinese medicine material.In addition, also contain the Bletilla glucomannan up to 50% in bletilla striata rhizome, its many-sided physicochemical property and import gum Arabic, tragacanth are similar, can be used as suspending agent, thickener, emulsifier, humectant, the agent of sticky connection, at industrial circles such as medicine, daily-use chemical industry, food, have wide practical use.Day by day strengthening under the background of medicine, food security now, the high characteristic containing Bletilla glucomannan of the bletilla striata, given the high industrial raw materials of the bletilla striata except traditional medical value and be worth.The system development of bletilla striata resource, have independent development to become the prospect of the novel specialty industries in the world.
Why the bletilla striata becomes endangered plants, excessively excavating of no doubt causing with the high price stimulation is relevant, but be mainly because the natural propagation mechanism of its biological property decision is very weak, the reason of inefficiency, the bletilla striata Wild ecological investigation of going deep into system shows, at natural world, the bletilla striata has two kinds of modess of reproduction: the first rhizome Reproduction methods, but reproduction coefficient is very low, be exactly almost 1:1, each individual plant, every year can only form a new propagating materials; The second is the seminal propagation mode, and under wild natural conditions, bletilla striata seeds is sprouted, the required condition of seedling is very harsh, so the efficiency of bletilla striata seeds breeding is very low, also only at the environment with this unique harsh conditions, natural distribution is just arranged.It is closely related that the distribution of bletilla striata uniqueness and bletilla striata seeds are bred required specific condition.
Along with the exhaustion of bletilla striata wild resource, the rising all the way of the bletilla striata medicinal material market price, broken through 400 yuan/kg high point.Under so high price stimulates, last remaining wild bletilla striata resource is estimated in long-time, not exhaust, and the wild bletilla striata resource of the surrounding countries of bordering on Southwestern China section also will be like this.Under these circumstances, a lot of people start to seek bletilla striata artificial cultivation, but, because seedling is very deficient, are difficult to scale development, even can not start.Must solve bletilla striata seedling raising technology problem, just can break bletilla striata seedling Bottleneck Restrictions.
The units such as Zhengan County, Guizhou, about 2005, once by offering high prices for the way of wild bletilla striata seedling, set up the bletilla striata artificial cultivation base of nearly hundred mu, but because culture technique does not match, now failed.If can also obtain the part seedling by this kind of approach then, after less than 10 years, can not now so.Because wild bletilla striata resource situation is severe exacerbation, enable to collect a small amount of wild bletilla striata seedling, but, because bletilla striata Propagation of Rhizomes coefficient only has 1:1, be difficult to realize fast-propagation, form the artificial cultivation base of scale.Based on this, the Zhang Jianxia of Wuhan Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences etc., the Yuan Ning of Southwest Jiaotong University industry, the Tao Gang of Guizhou Province agricultural biotechnologies key lab, Alpine Economic Plants Inst., Yunnan Prov. Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the elderly person for whom a birthday celebration is being held etc., Jiangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Peng Li sprouts etc., the method that adopts bletilla striata seeds to sow under the sterile tissue condition of culture has been carried out the research of bletilla striata seedling raising technology, result shows, bletilla striata seeds, can Germination And Seedling under this kind of condition.But obviously the method is had relatively high expectations to facilities and equipment condition and aseptic technique level, and cost is higher, be applied to scale bletilla seed bacterium and breed still and have any problem, so, though each research unit has all obtained laboratory result, have no and apply always.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a kind of method that bletilla striata sexual propagation is grown seedlings that realizes under the Ecology condition; this new seedling-cultivating method is on the basis of the bletilla striata Wild ecological examination of going deep into system; by the knowledge nature, higher than natural Ecology technology path, set up a set of that efficiently, be easy to apply, utilize bletilla striata seeds to carry out the technical system of scale breeding.
Technical problem solved by the invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
A kind ofly realize the method that bletilla striata sexual propagation is grown seedlings under the Ecology condition; its bletilla striata seedling production cycle is 2 years; mainly utilizing bletilla striata seeds is under the Ecology condition at the environment that approaches nature; realize the large-scale production of bletilla striata seedling, its step comprises: bletilla striata artificial supplementary pollination, bletilla striata seeds are gathered with the construction of storage, sowing condition, are sowed and broadcast rear Early postoperative management, bletilla striata seedling fosters.
Bletilla striata artificial supplementary pollination is to obtain the important technical links that the sufficient amount bletilla striata seeds is produced with scale support bletilla striata seedling; The bletilla striata is fragmentary owing to distributing at natural world, group's isolation, and special gynostemium floral organ structure, and the spontaneous pollination rate is very low, therefore seldom solid.For overcoming this problem, by the way of collecting wild provenance, first build bletilla striata seed collecting garden, carry out artificial supplementary pollination in the annual 5-6 month bletilla striata florescence, method is with toothpick or sewing needle, the pollinium of picking gynostemium top, then pollinium is filled in be positioned at propollen piece attachment region below, below tabula, have and obviously be stained with on the column cap that liquid exists, the pollination of can suiting, preferably pollinate between cross pollination and different strain flower.For the inflorescence that improves each bletilla striata of seed quality is only awarded 3-5 flower, the open or unopened flower that the inflorescence front end is unnecessary is wiped out.
Bletilla striata seeds is gathered and is preserved, when seed maturity, be that in fruit, seed is no longer agglomerating and separated from one another, color becomes bright yellow from white, shell color chlorisis deepens and fruit is adopted down while not splitting in batches, whole fruit can be deposited in the cool in short-term, but must prevent that fruit from gathering, packing, in transportation, generate heat, the bletilla striata fruit resting period should be short as far as possible, correspondingly should sowing condition is constructed before seed collection, once seed collection, sowing as early as possible, the storage of bletilla seed subband shell is preferably under the refrigerator cold-storage condition, storage time is no more than 15 days, after bletilla striata seeds is deviate from from fruit, under than wet air condition and light scattering condition, also can store in short-term, but should not be over 5 days, answer sowing in time.
The construction of sowing condition must complete before seed maturity is gathered, so that can sowing in time after seed collection.At each wide 2m, on the center line in the soil seedbed of long 15-20m, be a wide 20cm, the water storage ditch of dark 30cm, use the plastic foil antiseep in ditch, then by a wide 2.5m, length is identical with seedbed length, having good absorptive ground work cloth covers on seedbed, center line and the water storage ditch center line of ground work cloth are overlapping, by ground work cloth be put in ditch with ditch in plastic foil be affixed, work cloth both sides, ground naturally spread over water storage ditch both sides each approximately on the 80 wide smooth soil seedbeds of cm, then the fallen leaves humus soil mixture that will collect from sylvan life is through heap fermentation, dry, shatter, after classification is sieved, be laid on ground work cloth thick 3-4cm, the sieving of the particle diameter 0.5-1cm that lower floor's lay particle is thicker, the sieving of the particle diameter 0.1-0.5cm of upper strata lay relatively fine particle, repave and put thick layer 0.5-1 cm peat end, form evenly, smooth, fine and smooth Seeding bed, 3-5 days before sowing, inject clear water by seed bed center water storage ditch, full without flowing over getting final product, then cover the bed surface moisturizing with film, wait to broadcast.
Sow and broadcast rear Early postoperative management, refer to that the seed in the fruit of the bletilla striata in batch that will newly gather in the crops takes out, mix, the thin peat suitable with fineness mixes again, seed and thin peat volume ratio 1:5, under calm or leeward condition, with hairbrush, seed peat mixture evenly is seeded on moistening seedbed to the grain weight of the every square metre of suitable 4-5 of seeding in nursery bed amount bletilla striata fruit.Be the bletilla striata seeds maturing stage sowing time, at north latitude 28-30 degree area (as changde, hunan), in mid or late September with adopting with broadcasting.After planting, with the spraying of sprayer clear water, then suppress bed surface with plank, make tiny bletilla striata seeds and bed surface close contact, then make it full without flowing over to the moisturizing of center, seedbed water storage ditch.Do again the little shed moisturizing of plastics on seedbed, allow the water storage ditch in little shed central authorities, more wholely above whole seedbeds lay the flat canopy sunshading and temperature reducing of sunshade net that light transmittance is 25-30%.After broadcasting, until early April next year remains little shed, sunshade net, cover, remain that sowing seedbed central authorities water storage ditch has enough moisture storage capacitys.
Bletilla striata seedling fosters, after referring to seed germination until go out before transplanting land for growing field crops, garden the maintenance management of totally two years.In bletilla striata seeds April October to next year then after planting, i.e. bletilla striata seedling slow vegetative period, successively twice, open little shed, with sprayer, to the even spray nutritious liquor of bed surface, spray amount makes that bed surface is moistening to be got final product, and recovers little shed after spraying again.Have ready conditions and also can preset the atomizing system in little shed, the most convenient by atomizing system spray nutritious liquor, May, June, bletilla striata seedling entered fast growing period, repeated above foliage fertilization 2-3 time, after each fertilising, all should tightly recover little shed.The 6-8 month, also should directly add one deck sunshade net on little shed and cover, prevent excess Temperature in little shed in summer.With open little shed at every turn and topdress and combine, manual removal seedbed weeds, remain the water level of seedbed central authorities water storage ditch, after July, bletilla striata seedling root forms, and several pieces true leaves are arranged, the certain anti-adversity ability of tool, therefore should open little shed two ends while meeting continuous dark and damp weather, ventilate and practice seedling to reduce humidity, promote the seedlings root growth, to sowing the next year 8-9 month, bletilla striata seedling has formed complete form, possesses normal resistance, now should spread little shed, but continue to keep sunshade net flat canopy in top, seedbed to cover; Avoid most crop smothering during bletilla striata growth of seedling, when open country is grown seedlings, for preventing weed seed, invade seedbed, should, after removing the little shed of plastics, use fly net instead and replace plastic foil to cover.To October, spread fertilizer over the fields aforementioned sylvan life fallen leaves and humus soil compound particles on seedbed, take that to cover the newborn tubercle of bletilla striata seedling base portion be degree; In the management of next year, be mainly diseases and pests controlling routinely, control of weeds, can top dressing, and also can water and execute liquid rich water, but must be thin, concentration is below 3 ‰, and fertilising should be noted nitrogen phosphorus potassium compounding application.Cultivation through above 2 years, bletilla striata seedling is qualified seedling while having 3-5 sheet true leaf, root stem tuber that the broad bean size is arranged, and can transplant land for growing field crops.
Beneficial effect: seeding and seedling raising condition and the supporting management technical system of press the Ecology principle, by the agrotechnique means, setting up; be easy to apply, can realize that bletilla striata sexual propagation grows seedlings; and can realize scale, high efficiency seedling cultivating, the density reachable 1500-2000 strain of growing seedlings/square metre.
Embodiment
Below give an actual example and describe the present invention.
In the present embodiment, place is selected in the somewhere, Hunan Province in north latitude 28-30 degree area carries out, and this place is north latitude 30 degree, low-relief terrain, 500 meters left and right of height above sea level.200 square metres of seedbed areas.
In the bletilla striata seed collecting garden of building in 2008, carry out artificial supplementary pollination in the 5-6 month bletilla striata florescence in 2011: use toothpick, the pollinium of picking gynostemium top, then pollinium is filled in be positioned at another flower pollinium attachment region below, below tabula, have and obviously be stained with on the column cap that liquid exists.After every inflorescence completes 3-5 flower pollination, the open or unopened flower that the inflorescence front end is unnecessary is wiped out.
When fruit maturation, be in fruit no longer agglomerating and separated from one another, the seed color of seed from white become bright yellow, shell color chlorisis deepens and fruit is adopted in batches while not splitting, whole fruit is deposited in the cool in short-term, prevent that fruit from generating heat gathering, in packing, transportation, storage time is not over 15 days.Bletilla striata seeds is sowing immediately after deviating from from fruit, and the seed do not finished is stored in short-term under than wet air condition and light scattering condition, sowing in time.
Before gathering, seed maturity completes the construction of sowing condition, so that can sowing in time after seed collection.At each wide 2m, on the center line in the soil seedbed of long 15m, be a wide 20cm, the water storage ditch of dark 30cm, use the plastic foil antiseep in ditch, again by a wide 2.5m, length is identical with seedbed length, having good absorptive ground work cloth covers on seedbed, center line and the water storage ditch center line of ground work cloth are overlapping, and by ground work cloth be put in the water storage ditch with ditch in plastic foil be affixed, work cloth both sides, ground naturally spread over water storage ditch both sides each approximately on the 80 wide smooth soil seedbeds of cm, the fallen leaves humus soil mixture that to collect from sylvan life again is through heap fermentation, dry, shatter, after classification is sieved, be laid on ground work cloth, thick 3-4cm, the sieving that lower floor's lay particle is thicker, the sieving of upper strata lay relatively fine particle, repave and put thick layer 0.5-1 cm peat end, form evenly, smooth, fine and smooth Seeding bed, 3-5 days before sowing, seed bed center water storage ditch is injected to clear water, full without flowing over getting final product, cover the bed surface moisturizing with film again, wait to broadcast.
Seed in the fruit of the bletilla striata in batch of newly gathering in the crops is taken out, mix, after the thin peat suitable with fineness mixes again, under calm or leeward condition, with hairbrush, seed peat mixture evenly is seeded on moistening seedbed, the grain weight of the every square metre of suitable 4-5 of seeding in nursery bed amount bletilla striata fruit, after planting, use the atomizer spray clear water, suppress bed surface with plank again, make tiny bletilla striata seeds and bed surface close contact, to the moisturizing of center, seedbed water storage ditch, make full without flowing over again, make again the little shed of plastics on seedbed, the water storage ditch is in little shed central authorities, again on whole seedbeds above wholely lay the flat canopy sunshading and temperature reducing of sunshade net that light transmittance is 25-30%, at changde, hunan, be the bletilla striata seeds maturing stage sowing time, be that mid or late September is with adopting with broadcasting, after broadcasting, until early April next year remains little shed, sunshade net covers, remain that sowing seedbed central authorities water storage ditch has enough moisture storage capacitys.
After planting respectively at October, in April, 2012 then, successively open little shed at bletilla striata seeds for twice, with sprayer, to bed surface, evenly spray the low concentration nutrient solution, spray amount makes the seedbed face moistening, recovers little shed after spraying again.In May, 2012, June, repeat above foliage fertilization 2-3 time, after each fertilising, all should tightly recover little shed, the 6-8 month, and add one deck sunshade net and cover on little shed, prevent excess Temperature in little shed in summer.Topdress and combine with open little shed at every turn, manual removal seedbed weeds, remain the water level of seedbed central authorities water storage ditch, after July, when meeting continuous dark and damp weather, opens little shed two ends, ventilates and practice seedling to reduce humidity, promotes the seedlings root growth.To the 8-9 month in 2012, spread little shed, but continue to keep top, seedbed sunshade net to cover; To October, spread fertilizer over the fields aforementioned sylvan life fallen leaves and humus soil mixture on seedbed, take that to cover the newborn tubercle of bletilla striata seedling base portion be degree; The management of 2013, be mainly diseases and pests controlling routinely, and control of weeds, impose concentration at liquid rich water below 3 ‰.Cultivation through 2013, bletilla striata seedling has 3-5 sheet true leaf, root stem tuber that the broad bean size is arranged, seedling density reach 1800 strains/square metre.Reach the land for growing field crops standard of transplanting.
Above demonstration and described basic principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that in above-described embodiment and specification, describes just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (6)
1. realize the method that bletilla striata sexual propagation is grown seedlings for one kind under the Ecology condition; it is characterized in that; mainly utilizing bletilla striata seeds is under the Ecology condition at the environment that approaches nature; realize the large-scale production of bletilla striata seedling; its step comprises: bletilla striata artificial supplementary pollination, bletilla striata seeds are gathered with the construction of storage, sowing condition, are sowed and broadcast rear Early postoperative management, bletilla striata seedling fosters, and its concrete operation step is as follows:
Bletilla striata artificial supplementary pollination: in the annual bletilla striata florescence, carry out artificial supplementary pollination, method is with toothpick or sewing needle, the pollinium of picking gynostemium top, again pollinium is filled in be positioned at pollinium attachment region below, below tabula, have and obviously be stained with on the column cap that liquid exists, the pollination of can suiting, preferably pollinate between cross pollination and different strain flower, is to improve seed quality, the inflorescence of each bletilla striata is only awarded 3-5 flower, and the open or unopened flower that the inflorescence front end is unnecessary is wiped out;
Bletilla striata seeds is gathered and is preserved: when seed maturity, be in fruit no longer agglomerating and separated from one another, the color of seed from white become bright yellow, shell color chlorisis deepens and fruit is adopted in batches while not splitting, whole fruit is deposited in the cool in short-term, prevent that fruit from generating heat gathering, in packing, transportation, the bletilla striata fruit resting period should be short as far as possible, correspondingly should sowing condition is constructed before seed collection, once seed collection, sowing as early as possible;
The construction in sowing seedbed: at each wide 2m, on the center line in the soil seedbed of long 15-20m, do a wide 20cm left and right, the water storage ditch of dark 30cm left and right, use the plastic foil antiseep in ditch, again by a wide 2.5m, length is identical with seedbed length, there is good absorptive ground work cloth or other similar material with water absorbing capacity covers on seedbed, center line and the water storage ditch center line of ground work cloth are overlapping, and by ground work cloth be put in ditch with ditch in plastic foil be affixed, work cloth both sides, ground spread on smooth soil seedbed, water storage ditch both sides naturally, lay sowing media on ground work cloth, 3-5 days before sowing, seed bed center water storage ditch is injected to clear water, full without flowing over getting final product, cover the bed surface moisturizing with film again, wait to broadcast,
Sow and broadcast rear Early postoperative management: the seed in the fruit of the bletilla striata in batch that will newly gather in the crops takes out, mix, the thin peat suitable with fineness mixes again, seed and thin peat volume ratio 1:5, under calm or leeward condition, with hairbrush, seed peat mixture evenly is seeded on moistening seedbed to the grain weight of the every square metre of suitable 4-5 of seeding in nursery bed amount bletilla striata fruit; Be the bletilla striata seeds maturing stage sowing time, in north latitude 28-30 degree area, in mid or late September with adopting with broadcasting; After planting, with the sprayer clear water, spray, suppress bed surface with plank again, make tiny bletilla striata seeds and bed surface close contact, make it full without flowing over to the moisturizing of center, seedbed water storage ditch again, do again the little shed moisturizing of plastics on seedbed, allow the water storage ditch in little shed central authorities, the flat canopy sunshading and temperature reducing of sunshade net that whole laying light transmittance is 25-30% above whole seedbeds again, after broadcasting, cover until early April next year remains little shed, sunshade net, remain that sowing seedbed central authorities water storage ditch has enough moisture storage capacitys;
Seedling fosters the bletilla striata: in bletilla striata seeds after planting October and April next year then, and May, June, with sprayer or preset dense fog device to the even spray nutritious liquor of bed surface; The 7-8 month, on little shed, add the flat canopy of one deck sunshade net and cover, prevent excess Temperature in little shed in summer; Remain the water level of seedbed central authorities water storage ditch; The sowing next year 8-9 month, spread little shed, but continue to keep sunshade net flat canopy in top, seedbed to cover; After removing the little shed of plastics, use fly net instead and replace plastic foil to cover; To October, spread fertilizer over the fields aforementioned sylvan life fallen leaves and humus soil compound particles on seedbed, cover the newborn tubercle of bletilla striata seedling base portion.
2. a kind of method that bletilla striata sexual propagation is grown seedlings that realizes under the Ecology condition according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, bletilla seed subband shell is housed under the refrigerator cold-storage condition, storage time is no more than 15 days, after bletilla striata seeds is deviate from from fruit, store under than wet air condition and light scattering condition, should not surpass 5 days, answer sowing in time.
3. a kind of method that bletilla striata sexual propagation is grown seedlings that realizes under the Ecology condition according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, on described ground work cloth when the sowing media of lay and lay, the fallen leaves humus soil mixture of collecting from sylvan life through heap fermentation, drying, shatter, after classification sieves, be laid on ground work cloth, the sieving of the particle diameter 0.5-1cm that lower floor's lay particle is thicker, the sieving of the particle diameter 0.1-0.5cm of upper strata lay relatively fine particle, repave and put thick layer 0.5-1 cm peat powder, form even, smooth, fine and smooth Seeding bed.
4. a kind of method that bletilla striata sexual propagation is grown seedlings that realizes under the Ecology condition according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the use of the little shed of plastics, the flat canopy of sunshade net should be at bletilla striata seeds after planting, make the little shed of plastics on seedbed, allow the water storage ditch in little shed central authorities, then on whole seedbeds above lay the flat canopy sunshading and temperature reducing of sunshade net that light transmittance is 25-30%; Broadcast rear until remain that little shed covers July early April next year to next year, after broadcasting, until bletilla striata seedling is formed out garden, remain that sunshade net covers; Remain that in addition sowing seedbed central authorities water storage ditch has enough moisture storage capacitys.
5. a kind of method that bletilla striata sexual propagation is grown seedlings that realizes under the Ecology condition according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described bletilla striata seedling production cycle is 2 years.
6. a kind of method that bletilla striata sexual propagation is grown seedlings that realizes under the Ecology condition according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described bletilla striata seedling goes out garden transplanting standard and is: 3-5 sheet true leaf, root stem tuber have the broad bean size.
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