CN106358664A - Method for sexually breeding Bletilla striata seedlings on large scale by simulating natural conditions - Google Patents
Method for sexually breeding Bletilla striata seedlings on large scale by simulating natural conditions Download PDFInfo
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- CN106358664A CN106358664A CN201610735768.2A CN201610735768A CN106358664A CN 106358664 A CN106358664 A CN 106358664A CN 201610735768 A CN201610735768 A CN 201610735768A CN 106358664 A CN106358664 A CN 106358664A
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- seedbed
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- bletillae
- rhizoma bletillae
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of the Bletilla striata breeding, and in particular to a method for sexually breeding Bletilla striata seedlings on a large scale by simulating natural conditions. The method comprises the following steps of: building a seedbed in a greenhouse, wherein the cross section of the seedbed is in a isosceles triangular shape, piling soils to form the seedbed, compacting the seedbed, leveling the surface of the seedbed, and successively covering the seedbed with a plastic film and geotechnical cloth; laying a seedling culturing matrix and fine turfy, and compacting; arranging drainage ditches at two sides of the seedbed, and arranging a water irrigation system on the upper portion of the seedbed; sowing the Bletilla striata seeds at two slopes of the seedbed, then spraying nutritional liquid, and covering the seedbed with a mulching film; and maintaining the moisture of the seedbed during the culture process, spraying nutritional liquid, keeping the temperature at 40 DEG C or lower, until the Bletilla striata seedlings are obtained. All procedures of the method from seeding to seedling growing are completed on the seedbed in one step, so that the manpower cost is reduced, the whole seedling culturing process is simplified, the whole cultivation process only needs about one year, the large-scale breeding of the Bletilla striata under nonsterile conditions is realized, and the method is easy to popularize and use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) breeding field, white in particular to a kind of simulating natural condition scale Sexual breed
The method of splendid achnatherum seedling.
Background technology
The Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) is Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) again, another name: Lian Jicao, Gan Gen, give free of charge, indocalamus orchid, Zhu Lan, Rhizoma Bletillae, purple a species of orchid, hundred large bamboo hats with a conical crown and broad brim.There is convergence
Hemostasis, effect of detumescence and promoting granulation.Spit blood for hemoptysis, traumatic hemorrhage, sore swollen toxin, chapped skin；Pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis, Peptic Ulcerss
Bleeding.Research with modern pharmacology deepens continuously, and finds it to tubercule bacillus, tumor cell etc. has obvious inhibiting effect.
Commonly encountered diseases are also had good therapeutic effect by clinical discovery.Due to its important medical value, increasingly paid close attention to by people, its demand
Have greatly increased.
The traditional cultivation Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) commonly uses division propagation, and spring young leaves sprouts the front or withered rear Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) of autumn and winter overground part, and turn up is old
Strain, segmentation pseudobulb carries out a point plant, and every plant can be divided 3-5 strain, must carry terminal bud, but the division propagation cycle is long, reproductive efficiency is low, and
And consume kind of amount greatly, it is difficult to meet the needs of a large amount of cultivations.
In addition, also seed propagation can be adopted, but the seed of the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) is very tiny and no endosperm, therefore under natural situation very
Difficult sprouting and growth, the cultivation of seedling is more difficult.Tissue culture technique can be with a large amount of seedling of Fast-propagation, in different cultures
Aseptic seeding is carried out on base, seed carries out clonal reproduction with method for tissue culture after sprouting, and realizes the scale of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling
Produce and explore effective fast-propagation skill.
At present, domestic many units are all using Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) sterile tissue training method nursery.This kind of seedling raising mannerses will pass through
Culture medium is prepared and autoclaving -- and indoor bottle seedling culture is outdoor to be practiced Seedling several stage, thus a large amount of consumption manually leads to seedling
High cost.
In view of this, the special proposition present invention.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method of simulating natural condition scale Sexual breed Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling, can
It is all to complete in seedbed previous step from being seeded into seedling, cost of labor consumption is few, and nursery overall process gently simplifies, breeding only has tissue culture
/ 5th of seedling cost；Breeding cycle is short it is achieved that propagation in scale under nonsterile conditionses for the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) is answered it is easy to promote
With.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy employs the following technical solutions:
A kind of method of simulating natural condition scale Sexual breed Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling, comprises the following steps:
Build seedbed in warmhouse booth, the cross section in described seedbed is isosceles triangle, the mound molding of described seedbed
Afterwards tamp flat surface, then on seedbed successively plastic covering film and ground work cloth；
Seedling medium and thin mud charcoal are laid successively on described ground work cloth, then tamps；
The both sides in described seedbed are provided with gutter, and the top in described seedbed is provided with water adding system；
Bletilla striata seeds are sowed to two domatic, after planting sprinkling nutritional solutions in described seedbed, covering with plastic film；
Seedbed is kept to moisten in cultivating process, and spray nutritious liquor, temperature is maintained at less than 40 DEG C, to obtaining bletilla seed
Seedling.
It is isosceles triangle that seedbed is arranged to cross section, has both been easy to manage, has been easy to the growth of the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) again；Cover successively on seedbed
Lid plastic foil and ground work cloth are the effects reaching water suction moisturizing, thus ready for storage moisture；By on ground work cloth upper berth
If seedling medium and thin mud charcoal, the growth for the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) provides growth substrate；Bletilla striata seeds after planting spray nutritional solution, and this not only mends
Give bletilla striata seeds and sprout necessary nutritional need, can make to be formed good coupling again between bletilla striata seeds and medium of seedling bed.
The method of the simulating natural condition scale Sexual breed Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling that the present invention provides, real using Ecology condition
Existing sexual reproduction and seedling culture of bletilla, is all to complete in seedbed previous step from being seeded into seedling, cost of labor consumption is few, and only group is cultivated
/ 5th of Seedling cost, nursery overall process gently simplifies, and whole cultivating process only needs to 1 year about, ratio tissue culture institute
1 year half to 2 year needing have and are significantly shorter, it is possible to achieve propagation in scale under nonsterile conditionses for the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) is it is easy to push away
Wide application.
Preferably, herbicide spraying and insecticide before seedbed plastic covering film.By herbicide spraying in advance and parasite killing
Agent, effectively prevent the growth of weeds, reduces subsequent artefacts.
Seedbed is to be prepared by the following method: on rectangle soil plot, a horizontal line is drawn at the center along width, so
Afterwards by both sides soil toward the low seedbed in the high both sides in one centre of center line local filling formation, whole seedbed cross section forms a bottom
Angle is the isosceles triangle in the range of 10 ° -20 °, again with plank, seedbed surface is tamped smooth seedbed table after the substantially molding of seedbed
Face.
The gradient in seedbed is set to 10 ° -20 °, has both been beneficial to store suitable nutritional labeling on seedbed, has been the growth of the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae)
Sufficient nutrient is provided, is beneficial to management again, reduce manual labor.Preferably, the base angle of described isosceles triangle is 10 ° -20 °.
Preferably, the particle diameter of described seedling medium is 0.01-9mm, and thickness is 2-3cm；The particle diameter of described thin mud charcoal is
0.01-6mm, thickness is 1-2cm.
Wherein, seedling medium can be any one or more in sand, turf, Vermiculitum, wherein especially with turf and Vermiculitum
Mixture be preferred, both preferable weight proportions be 1-2:1；Thin mud charcoal and seedling medium coordinated, are that the growth of the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) carries
For preferably growing environment.
For the ease of management it is preferable that the base width in described seedbed is 1.5-2.5m, length is preferably 45-60m.
The base width in seedbed is the length on the base of isosceles triangle.
Seedbed both sides setting gutter primarily to being easy to draining, for the size in the gutter that arranges and seedbed
Mutually suitably it is preferable that a width of 25-35cm in described gutter, deep is 8-15cm.
For the ease of being manually managed to the crop on seedbed, further, two blocks of water are spread every 35-45cm in ditch
Adobe.The size of cement brick can be 20-25cm × 8-15cm × 5-8cm.
For the ease of moisturizing water suction, the present invention has laid plastic foil and ground work cloth it is preferable that described plastic foil on seedbed
Thickness be 8-10 silk.
Preferably, described sowing is using following seeding apparatus:
The hole of a 1.5-2.5mm is opened in the bottom of plastic bottle, and the hole within a 1mm is opened on the top of plastic bottle, that is, obtain
Described seeding apparatus.
This seeding apparatus is obtained with plastic bottle, according to aerodynamic principle, in conjunction with human body respiration mechanism, by plastics spout
Combine closely with small-sized inflator gas outlet and form special artificial seeding's device；During use, bletilla striata seeds are loaded cleaning
In clean plastic bottle, preparation is simple, and sowing uniformly, saves manpower, is easy to use.
Preferably, described water adding system is provided that
The drip irrigation zone of laser boring is stretched on the ridge being fixed on seedbed, drip irrigation zone one end connects outlet, another end seal
Live and be fixed on seedbed end, be then folded in half into l angle-style in wide 8-15cm, length and seedbed identical color steel tile along wide center line
Cover on described drip irrigation zone, increasing hydraulic pressure makes the water in drip irrigation zone uniformly be sprayed on color steel tile inwall, so that water is oozed along both sides landing
Moisten in medium of seedling bed.
The present invention arranges color steel tile on drip irrigation zone, makes water become the inflow medium of seedling bed of the state of thin current, is bletilla seed
The sprouting of son and growth provide sufficient moisture.
Sprout it is preferable that by described water adding system by the base on described seedbed before sowing for the ease of bletilla striata seeds
Matter thoroughly moistens.
Preferably, in cultivating process, temperature control is at 25-30 DEG C.Under this temperature conditions, bletilla striata seeds next week of kind about
It can be seen that seed greening, start sprouting after January and put forth new leaves, you can find out, this temperature conditions is suitable to Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) growth.
Preferably, bletilla striata seeds take off film after sprouting and putting forth new leaves, and poured water once every 4-5 days, and carry out first after taking off film
Secondary nutritional solution sprays, and sprays one time of nutrition liquid every two weeks thereafter, and seedling fast growing period sprayed one time of nutrition every 1 week
Liquid.
By providing sufficient moisture and nutrient substance for the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae), so that the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) is more quickly grown, shorten Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) nursery
Cycle.
Preferably, described bletilla striata seeds are prepared by the following method: bletilla striata seeds maturation after, the seed in Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) capsule that
Harvesting during this dispersion；
The capsule of the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) is cut together with fruit stem, is subsequently placed in the dry local natural drying storage of shady and cool ventilation and treats
With.
The bletilla striata seeds prepared by the method are superior in quality, and the cultivation for follow-up Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling is laid a solid foundation.
The nutritional solution being related in the present invention is Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) nutritional solution, is bought by commercially available, such as can be from Yunnan sky moral life
Thing Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. buys.
The cultivation time that the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling of above-mentioned cultivation is total is 12-13 month, carries out outdoor kind by cultivating the seedling obtaining
Plant.
Usually, select the soil of loose fertile sandy loam and humus loam, dark and damp environment, plant white after site preparation
Splendid achnatherum seedling.When selecting well-drained mountain region plantation, Schattenseite virgin soil is preferably selected to plant.
Soil is turned over more than 20 centimetres, applies 1000 kilograms of farm manure for every mu, do not have farm manure can spread fertilizer over the fields Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) specific complex
Fertile 50 kilograms, then plough and so that soil and fertilizer is mixed uniformly；
Before planting shallow plowing once, whole for soil thin, wide 130--150 centimetre of the high ridge of raking, make it is also possible to select and Semen Maydiss, warp
The long-stalked crops such as fruit-bearing forest carry out catch cropping, and this grows for the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) provides advantage；
After transplanting under Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) sexual reproduction breeding Seedling, grow 3 years about in natural environment, underground tuber growth becomes
Ripe, when reaching medicinal or deep processing effect, harvesting is sold.
The Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling of the sexual propagation that the present invention provides has been sufficiently reserved original natural drought resisting attribute, and this is also stony desert
Change to administer and provide excellent species.
For more preferable simulating natural condition, the greenhouse in the present invention includes:
(a1) support frame；
(a2) glazing material, setting is on the support frame；
(a3) sunshade net, is arranged on glazing material.
Glazing material can be light-transmissive film or light-passing board.
The light transmittance of glazing material can be 50%～95%, preferably 55%～90%, more preferably 60%～90%,
Most preferably 70%～90%, such as 60%～80%.
Light-transmissive film can be plastic foil.Plastic foil can for polychloroethylene film, polyethylene film or ethane-acetic acid ethyenyl ester altogether
Polymers film.The thickness of light-transmissive film is 0.04～0.2mm, preferably 0.05～0.15mm, more preferably 0.08～0.12mm, most preferably
0.08～0.1mm.
Light-passing board can be glass plate or plastic plate.
Preferably, greenhouse is warmhouse booth.
The top in greenhouse can be arch-shaped, half arch-shaped or ridge-shaped, preferably arch-shaped.Support frame can be bamboo and wood
Structure, concrete-steel rod structure, steel frame construction, steel bamboo mixed structure, assembled steel tubular construction, Quan Zhu or overall plastic structure.
Greenhouse can be single, many attached-greenhouses (or booth).In a preferred embodiment, greenhouse is arch-shaped
Attached-greenhouse (or booth).In another embodiment, greenhouse is ridge-shaped attached-greenhouse (or booth).
Preferably, greenhouse includes ventilating system.For example, ventilating system includes skylight.
The transmittance of sunshade net can be 20～50%, preferably 20～40%, more preferably 25～35%, most preferably 30%.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
(1) present invention nursery under modernization gutter-connected plastic tent, using supporting drip irrigation system and modern agriculture management technique,
Realize scale, scientific nursery, be conducive to protecting Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) wild resource, reduce the destruction to natural resourcess, every square meter seedbed
Emergence rate reaches 2000 plants about.
(2) method of the present invention is cultivated the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling strong drought resistance of sexual propagation, transplanting survival rate up to 90% with
On, after sexual reproduction and seedling culture of bletilla transplanting, energy quickly reform of nature environment, also remains the natural drought resisting attribute of the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae), significantly
Reduce production cost.
(3) the sexual reproduction and seedling culture of bletilla cycle that the present invention provides generally 1 year about, cost of labor consumption is few, nursery
Overall process gently simplifies, and breeding only has 1/5th of tissue culture cost.
(4) method that the present invention provides, according to the kind particular attribute systematization research and development of the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae), carries out industrialization
Promote, not only administered ecological environment, also created substantial amounts of economic benefit, met the five great development theories of China, be to realize
The plentiful good kind of the blue or green light green people in mountain, can make one and have global specialty industries chain.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and be not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.Unreceipted concrete in embodiment
Condition person, the condition according to normal condition or manufacturer's suggestion is carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, are
Can be by the commercially available conventional products bought and obtain.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of simulating natural condition scale Sexual breed Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling, comprises the following steps:
1st, bletilla striata seeds harvesting and storage: when about 28-30 ° of area of north latitude, annual 9-10 month, bletilla striata seeds are ripe,
I.e. the tender cyan of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) capsule color fade gradually deepens brown, and in it, seed no longer bonds agglomerating and adopts when disperseing each other
Receive, with shears, the capsule of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) is cut together with fruit stem, fresh for the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) of harvesting capsule is placed in the ground that shady and cool ventilation is dried
It is stand-by that side spontaneously dries storage.
2nd, the construction of simulating natural environment.Artificial simulation nature nursery hardware facility of building joins a warmhouse booth construction,
Simulated environment sprouts required temperature and humidity to adapt to bletilla striata seeds.
3rd, sowing seedbed and irrigation system construction: along width on wide 1.5 meters at each, 45 meters of length rectangle soil plot
Center draw a horizontal line, then both sides soil is formed the low seedbed in the high both sides in centre, whole Seedling toward center line filling
Bed cross section is the isosceles triangle that base angle is 10 ° -15 °；
After the substantially molding of seedbed, smooth seedbed surface is tamped with plank in seedbed surface, then by seedbed table smooth for molding
Face all sprays one herbicide and insecticide；
Then do the gutter of a wide 25cm, deep 8cm in seedbed both sides, in ditch, spread two blocks of cement bricks every 35cm
(20cm × 8cm × 5cm) is easy to seedling management work；
The plastic foil uniform fold that the wide thickness consistent with seedbed with length is 8, then will be with plastic foil on seedbed
The ground work cloth uniform fold of same size on the plastic film, absorbs water for moisturizing；
Subsequently by particle diameter, the seedling medium for 0-9mm is laid on ground work cloth, and seedling medium is the grass of 1:1 for weight proportion
Charcoal and the mixture of Vermiculitum, thick 2-3cm, make common seedling medium consolidation smooth with plank suppression, then lay in substrate again
Thick layer 1-2cm particle diameter is the thin mud charcoal of 0-6mm, equally makes the smooth consolidation of thin mud charcoal with plank suppression, is finally constituted one all
Even, smooth, fine and smooth Seeding bed；
Then the drip irrigation zone of laser boring is stretched on the ridge being fixed on seedbed, drip irrigation zone one end connects outlet, another
End seal is firmly fixed on seedbed end, is then folded in half into l angle-style in wide 8cm, length and seedbed identical color steel tile along wide center line
Cover on drip irrigation zone, increasing hydraulic pressure makes the water in drip irrigation zone uniformly be sprayed on color steel tile inwall along both sides landing exudation and moistening to seedbed base
In matter；By water adding system, substrate on seed bed is thoroughly moistened before sowing, then covered seedbed moisturizing, waited to broadcast with thin film.
2nd, sow: the fresh bletilla striata seeds of harvesting are taken out from Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) capsule, sieving to be sufficiently mixed after one time is homogeneously disposed in
Stand-by in gas-permeable container；Subsequently bletilla striata seeds are loaded in the plastic bottle cleaned out, open a 1.5mm's in plastic bottle bottom
Circular aperture, according to aerodynamic principle, in conjunction with human body respiration mechanism, the circle within a 1mm is opened on the top of plastic bottle
Then plastics spout and small-sized inflator gas outlet are combined closely and are formed special artificial seeding's device by shape aperture；
When fine, cover in built full encirclement and broadcast in the sealing greenhouse booth that transmittance is 30% sunshade net
Kind, by seeder, bletilla striata seeds are uniformly sprayed on seedbed, the grain weight of every 9 Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) capsules of square meter seeding in nursery bed；
After planting use atomizers spray one time of nutrition liquid, this has not only fed bletilla striata seeds and has sprouted necessary nutritional need,
Can make to form good coupling between bletilla striata seeds and medium of seedling bed, then covering with ground sheeting on seedbed after planting, after broadcasting again
Until bletilla striata seeds are sprouted before putting forth new leaves remains covering with ground sheeting.
3rd, seedling tending management: when weather is fine, by simulating natural environment temperature control to 28 DEG C about, one week about is visible
Seed greening, starts removably film covering when sprouting puts forth new leaves, regards medium of seedling bed during covering with ground sheeting after one month
Humidity condition can be poured water；
Poured water once when weather is fine every 4-5 days after removing mulch film, persistently pour water 5-6 minute every time in each seedbed；
Fertilization principle holds Shaoshi repeatedly, carries out first time nutritional solution and sprays, spray one time of nutrition every two weeks thereafter after taking off film
Liquid, entrance 5-7 month seedling fast growing period can suitably increase nutritional solution and spray number of times；It is to prevent temperature after entering summer
Too high burn seedlings should open after temperature of shed is more than 40 ° that skylight is ventilated with surrounding thin film, and shut in the evening more again, sunshade net
Still tightly cover whole booths；
Cultivate and obtain final product within 12 months Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling, every square meter seedbed averagely emerges 2200 plants.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method of simulating natural condition scale Sexual breed Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling, comprises the following steps:
1st, bletilla striata seeds harvesting and storage: when about 28-30 ° of area of north latitude, annual 9-10 month, bletilla striata seeds are ripe,
I.e. the tender cyan of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) capsule color fade gradually deepens brown, and in it, seed no longer bonds agglomerating and adopts when disperseing each other
Receive, with shears, the capsule of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) is cut together with fruit stem, fresh for the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) of harvesting capsule is placed in the ground that shady and cool ventilation is dried
It is stand-by that side spontaneously dries storage.
2nd, the construction of simulating natural environment.Artificial simulation nature nursery hardware facility of building joins a warmhouse booth construction,
Simulated environment sprouts required temperature and humidity to adapt to bletilla striata seeds.
3rd, sowing seedbed and irrigation system construction: along width on wide 2 meters at each, 60 meters of length rectangle soil plot
A horizontal line is drawn at center, then by both sides soil toward the low seedbed in the high both sides in one centre of center line filling formation, whole seedbed
Cross section is the isosceles triangle that base angle is in the range of 10 ° -20 °；
After the substantially molding of seedbed, smooth seedbed surface is tamped with plank in seedbed surface, then by seedbed table smooth for molding
Face all sprays one herbicide and insecticide；
Then do the gutter of a wide 30cm, deep 10cm in seedbed both sides, in ditch, spread two blocks of cement bricks every 40cm
(23cm × 10cm × 6cm) is easy to seedling management work；
The plastic foil uniform fold that the wide thickness consistent with seedbed with length is 9, then will be with plastic foil on seedbed
The ground work cloth uniform fold of same size on the plastic film, absorbs water for moisturizing；
Subsequently by particle diameter, the seedling medium for 0-9mm is laid on ground work cloth, and seedling medium is the grass of 2:1 for weight proportion
Charcoal and the mixture of Vermiculitum, thick 2-3cm, make common seedling medium consolidation smooth with plank suppression, then lay in substrate again
Thick layer 1-2cm particle diameter is the thin mud charcoal of 0-6mm, equally makes the smooth consolidation of thin mud charcoal with plank suppression, is finally constituted one all
Even, smooth, fine and smooth Seeding bed；
Then the drip irrigation zone of laser boring is stretched on the ridge being fixed on seedbed, drip irrigation zone one end connects outlet, another
End seal is firmly fixed on seedbed end, is then folded in half into l angle-style in wide 10cm, length and seedbed identical color steel tile along wide center line
Cover on drip irrigation zone, increasing hydraulic pressure makes the water in drip irrigation zone uniformly be sprayed on color steel tile inwall along both sides landing exudation and moistening to seedbed base
In matter；By water adding system, substrate on seed bed is thoroughly moistened before sowing, then covered seedbed moisturizing, waited to broadcast with thin film.
2nd, sow: the fresh bletilla striata seeds of harvesting are taken out from Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) capsule, sieving to be sufficiently mixed after one time is homogeneously disposed in
Stand-by in gas-permeable container；Subsequently bletilla striata seeds are loaded in the plastic bottle cleaned out, open the circle of a 2mm in plastic bottle bottom
Shape aperture, according to aerodynamic principle, in conjunction with human body respiration mechanism, the circle within a 1mm is opened on the top of plastic bottle
Then plastics spout and small-sized inflator gas outlet are combined closely and are formed special artificial seeding's device by aperture；
When fine, cover in built full encirclement and broadcast in the sealing greenhouse booth that transmittance is 30% sunshade net
Kind, by seeder, bletilla striata seeds are uniformly sprayed on seedbed, the grain weight of every 10 Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) capsules of square meter seeding in nursery bed；
After planting use atomizers spray one time of nutrition liquid, this has not only fed bletilla striata seeds and has sprouted necessary nutritional need,
Can make to form good coupling between bletilla striata seeds and medium of seedling bed, then covering with ground sheeting on seedbed after planting, after broadcasting again
Until bletilla striata seeds are sprouted before putting forth new leaves remains covering with ground sheeting.
3rd, seedling tending management: when weather is fine, by simulating natural environment temperature control to 28 DEG C about, one week about is visible
Seed greening, starts removably film covering when sprouting puts forth new leaves, regards medium of seedling bed during covering with ground sheeting after one month
Humidity condition can be poured water；
Poured water once when weather is fine every 4-5 days after removing mulch film, persistently pour water 5-6 minute every time in each seedbed；
Fertilization principle holds Shaoshi repeatedly, carries out first time nutritional solution and sprays, spray one time of nutrition every two weeks thereafter after taking off film
Liquid, entrance 5-7 month seedling fast growing period can suitably increase nutritional solution and spray number of times；It is to prevent temperature after entering summer
Too high burn seedlings should open after temperature of shed is more than 40 ° that skylight is ventilated with surrounding thin film, and shut in the evening more again, sunshade net
Still tightly cover whole booths；
Cultivate and obtain final product within 12 months Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling, every square meter seedbed averagely emerges 2500 plants.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method of simulating natural condition scale Sexual breed Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling, comprises the following steps:
1st, bletilla striata seeds harvesting and storage: when about 28-30 ° of area of north latitude, annual 9-10 month, bletilla striata seeds are ripe,
I.e. the tender cyan of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) capsule color fade gradually deepens brown, and in it, seed no longer bonds agglomerating and adopts when disperseing each other
Receive, with shears, the capsule of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) is cut together with fruit stem, fresh for the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) of harvesting capsule is placed in the ground that shady and cool ventilation is dried
It is stand-by that side spontaneously dries storage.
2nd, the construction of simulating natural environment.Artificial simulation nature nursery hardware facility of building joins a warmhouse booth construction,
Simulated environment sprouts required temperature and humidity to adapt to bletilla striata seeds.
3rd, sowing seedbed and irrigation system construction: along width on wide 2.5 meters at each, 60 meters of length rectangle soil plot
Center draw a horizontal line, then both sides soil is formed the low seedbed in the high both sides in centre, whole Seedling toward center line filling
Bed cross section is the isosceles triangle that base angle is in the range of 10 ° -20 °；
After the substantially molding of seedbed, smooth seedbed surface is tamped with plank in seedbed surface, then by seedbed table smooth for molding
Face all sprays one herbicide and insecticide；
Then do the gutter of a wide 35cm, deep 15cm in seedbed both sides, in ditch, spread two blocks of cement bricks every 45cm
(25cm × 15cm × 8cm) is easy to seedling management work；
The plastic foil uniform fold that the wide thickness consistent with seedbed with length is 10, then will be with plastic foil on seedbed
The ground work cloth uniform fold of same size on the plastic film, absorbs water for moisturizing；
Subsequently by particle diameter, the seedling medium sand for 0-9mm is laid on ground work cloth, thick 2-3cm, is made general with plank suppression
Logical seedling medium consolidation is smooth, then lays the thin mud charcoal that thick layer 1-2cm particle diameter is 0-6mm again in substrate, equally with wood
Plate suppression makes the smooth consolidation of thin mud charcoal, is finally constituted a uniform, smooth, fine and smooth Seeding bed；
Then the drip irrigation zone of laser boring is stretched on the ridge being fixed on seedbed, drip irrigation zone one end connects outlet, another
End seal is firmly fixed on seedbed end, is then folded in half into l angle-style in wide 15cm, length and seedbed identical color steel tile along wide center line
Cover on drip irrigation zone, increasing hydraulic pressure makes the water in drip irrigation zone uniformly be sprayed on color steel tile inwall along both sides landing exudation and moistening to seedbed base
In matter；By water adding system, substrate on seed bed is thoroughly moistened before sowing, then covered seedbed moisturizing, waited to broadcast with thin film.
2nd, sow: the fresh bletilla striata seeds of harvesting are taken out from Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) capsule, sieving to be sufficiently mixed after one time is homogeneously disposed in
Stand-by in gas-permeable container；Subsequently bletilla striata seeds are loaded in the plastic bottle cleaned out, open a 2.5mm's in plastic bottle bottom
Circular aperture, according to aerodynamic principle, in conjunction with human body respiration mechanism, the circle within a 1mm is opened on the top of plastic bottle
Then plastics spout and small-sized inflator gas outlet are combined closely and are formed special artificial seeding's device by shape aperture；
When fine, cover in built full encirclement and broadcast in the sealing greenhouse booth that transmittance is 30% sunshade net
Kind, by seeder, bletilla striata seeds are uniformly sprayed on seedbed, the seed of every 10 about Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) capsules of square meter seeding in nursery bed
Amount；
After planting use atomizers spray one time of nutrition liquid, this has not only fed bletilla striata seeds and has sprouted necessary nutritional need,
Can make to form good coupling between bletilla striata seeds and medium of seedling bed, then covering with ground sheeting on seedbed after planting, after broadcasting again
Until bletilla striata seeds are sprouted before putting forth new leaves remains covering with ground sheeting.
3rd, seedling tending management: when weather is fine, by simulating natural environment temperature control to 25-30 DEG C, one week about visible kind
Sub- greening, starts removably film covering when sprouting puts forth new leaves, regards medium of seedling bed wet during covering with ground sheeting after one month
Degree situation can be poured water；
Poured water once when weather is fine every 4-5 days after removing mulch film, persistently pour water 5-6 minute every time in each seedbed；
Fertilization principle holds Shaoshi repeatedly, carries out first time nutritional solution and sprays, spray one time of nutrition every two weeks thereafter after taking off film
Liquid, entrance 5-7 month seedling fast growing period can suitably increase nutritional solution and spray number of times；It is to prevent temperature after entering summer
Too high burn seedlings should open after temperature of shed is more than 40 ° that skylight is ventilated with surrounding thin film, and shut in the evening more again, sunshade net
Still tightly cover whole booths；
Cultivate and obtain final product within 13 months Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling, every square meter seedbed averagely emerges 2000 plants.
Find in cultivating process, using the mixture of seedling medium turf and Vermiculitum, the upgrowth situation of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling is better than
Other seedling mediums.
Embodiment 1-3 is cultivated the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling obtaining transplanted:
Select loose fertile sandy loam and humus loam, dark and damp environment, site preparation；
Soil is turned over more than 20 centimetres, applies 1000 kilograms of farm manure for every mu, do not have farm manure can spread fertilizer over the fields Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) specific complex
Fertile 50 kilograms, then plough and so that soil and fertilizer is mixed uniformly；
Plough shallowly before planting once, whole for soil thin, wide 130-150 centimetre of the high ridge of raking, make；
Carry out field management after plantation:
(1) weeding in: the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) requires very strict, sprinkling Acetochlor sealing treatment, 5-6 before plantation in field management weeding
Month Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) growth very vigorous, weeds also long quickly, carry out artificial weeding or from the selective herbicide being suitable for the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae)；
(2) topdress: the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) is the fertile plant of happiness, sprays a potassium dihydrogen phosphate or thin people and animals' fecaluria, 7-8 every month
Stop growing the moon entrance dormancy, but is intended to prevent weed growth；
(3) irrigation and draining: Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) happiness is cloudy, often keeps moistening, will water when arid, 7～September part is respectively poured once sooner or later
Water, the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) is afraid of flood again, and the timely draining of heavy rain avoids hindering root；
(4) root rot: south is many to be occurred in spring and summer rainy season, notes waterproof of draining flooded fields, deep-cuts gutter.
(5) cutworm: routinely prevention and controls, cutworm, wireworm, can manual catching and killing and trapping or mix pesticide-clay mixture, land used
Worm applies absolutely on bed.With on 700 times of liquid pouring beds of 50% phoxim baythion cream.
After transplanting under Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) sexual reproduction breeding Seedling, grow 3 years about in natural environment, underground tuber growth becomes
Ripe, when reaching medicinal or deep processing effect, harvesting is sold.
Find during bletilla seed transplantation of seedlings, the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling strong drought resistance of sexual propagation of method of the present invention cultivation,
Transplanting survival rate is high, and transplanting survival rate all reaches more than 90%, and sexual reproduction and seedling culture of bletilla can quick reform of nature ring after transplanting
Border, also remains the natural drought resisting attribute of the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae), production cost is greatly reduced.
In addition, the tissue culture place with occupation of land 3000 square meters, by tissue culture, six layers to calculate, and occupation of land is exactly 18000 square meters,
The tissue culture amount of 1 year only 2,000,000 plants of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedlings；And 10000 square meters of the mating system of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling that the present invention provides
Breed and breed the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling place year for more than 20,000,000 plants, substantially increase efficiency, and be easy to large-scale production.
Although illustrate and describing the present invention with specific embodiment, but it will be appreciated that without departing substantially from the present invention's
Many other changes can be made in the case of spirit and scope and change.It is, therefore, intended that in the following claims
Including all such changes and modifications belonging in the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of simulating natural condition scale Sexual breed Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Build seedbed in warmhouse booth, the cross section in described seedbed is isosceles triangle, described seedbed mound molding rear screed
Real flat surface, then on seedbed successively plastic covering film and ground work cloth；
Seedling medium and thin mud charcoal are laid successively on described ground work cloth, then tamps；
The both sides in described seedbed are provided with gutter, and the top in described seedbed is provided with water adding system；
Bletilla striata seeds are sowed to two domatic, after planting sprinkling nutritional solutions in described seedbed, covering with plastic film；
Seedbed is kept to moisten in cultivating process, and spray nutritious liquor, temperature is maintained at less than 40 DEG C, to obtaining Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) seedling.
2. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that the base angle of described isosceles triangle is 10 ° -20 °；Described Seedling
Preferred herbicide spraying and insecticide before bed plastic covering film.
3. it is characterised in that the particle diameter of described seedling medium is 0.01-9mm, thickness is method according to claim 2
2-3cm；The particle diameter of described thin mud charcoal is 0.01-6mm, and thickness is 1-2cm.
4., it is characterised in that the base width in described seedbed is 1.5-2.5m, length is excellent for method according to claim 2
Elect 45-60m as.
5. it is characterised in that a width of 25-35cm in described gutter, deep be 8-15cm to method according to claim 4；
Preferably, two blocks of cement bricks are spread every 35-45cm in ditch.
6. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that the thickness of described plastic foil is 8-10 silk；
Preferably, described sowing is using following seeding apparatus:
The hole of a 1.5-2.5mm is opened in the bottom of plastic bottle, and the hole within a 1mm is opened on the top of plastic bottle, that is, obtain described
Seeding apparatus.
7. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described water adding system is provided that
The drip irrigation zone of laser boring is stretched on the ridge being fixed on seedbed, drip irrigation zone one end connects outlet, and the other end seals simultaneously
It is fixed on seedbed end, be then folded in half into l angle-style in wide 8-15cm, length and seedbed identical color steel tile along wide center line and cover in
On described drip irrigation zone, increasing hydraulic pressure makes the water in drip irrigation zone uniformly be sprayed on color steel tile inwall, so that water is arrived along both sides landing exudation and moistening
In medium of seedling bed.
8. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that pass through described water adding system by described seedbed before sowing
Substrate thoroughly moistens；
In cultivating process, temperature is preferably controlled in 25-30 DEG C.
9. the method according to any one of claim 1-8 takes off film it is characterised in that bletilla striata seeds are sprouted after putting forth new leaves,
Poured water once every 4-5 days after taking off film, and carry out first time nutritional solution and spray, spray one time of nutrition liquid every two weeks thereafter,
Seedling fast growing period sprayed one time of nutrition liquid every 1 week.
10. the method according to any one of claim 1-8 is it is characterised in that described bletilla striata seeds are made by the following method
Standby: after bletilla striata seeds maturation, to harvest when the seed in Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) capsule disperses each other；
The capsule of the Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) is cut together with fruit stem, is subsequently placed in the dry local natural drying storage of shady and cool ventilation stand-by.
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| CN109089829A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-28 | 河南云帮农业科技有限公司 | A kind of mixed-matrix and its method that paves for bletilla striata seeds live streaming |
| CN109122157A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-04 | 十堰市农业科学院 | A kind of fertilizing method promoting live streaming seedling fast-growth in bletilla striata greenhouse |
| CN110574517A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-17 | 咸宁市农业科学院 | ramie field transformation method |
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Application publication date: 20170201 |