CN104255255A - Method for breeding rhizoma panacis majoris seedlings in high and cold areas - Google Patents
Method for breeding rhizoma panacis majoris seedlings in high and cold areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN104255255A CN104255255A CN201410487627.4A CN201410487627A CN104255255A CN 104255255 A CN104255255 A CN 104255255A CN 201410487627 A CN201410487627 A CN 201410487627A CN 104255255 A CN104255255 A CN 104255255A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding rhizoma panacis majoris seedlings in high and cold areas and belongs to the field of planting of medicinal plants. The method for breeding the rhizoma panacis majoris seedlings in the high and cold areas comprises the steps of building a breeding greenhouse and a breeding platform, preparing a matrix, performing sowing, seedling management and transplantation, wherein the breeding greenhouse is firstly built, then the breeding platform is set up, the matrix for breeding seedlings is prepared by mountain forest humus soil, burned soil and river sand according to the proportion of 5:3:2, and the seedlings are bred for 14-16 months and are transplanted after the height of the seedlings reaches 5-6 cm. The method is suitable for breeding of the rhizoma panacis majoris seedlings in the high and cold areas with the elevation ranging from 1800 m to 3000 m, the seedling breeding time can be effectively shortened, the survival rate and quality of the rhizoma panacis majoris seedlings are improved, the survival rate of the seedlings can be higher than 90%, and the seedlings are in order and healthy. The seedlings are bred by using breeding plates, land selection, soil preparation and water draining for preventing waterlogging are not needed, and the seedlings are quick, simple and convenient to breed.
Description
Technical field
The method of a kind of high and cold area of the present invention Panax Japonicus Var. Major nursery, belongs to medicinal plant planting technology field.
Background technology
At Panax Japonicus Var. Major, come from the dry root-like stock of Araliaceae Panax Japonicus Var. Major.Perennial herb, is born in mountain forest wood between height above sea level 800m ~ 4000m, assorted tree or limes marginis, high 40cm ~ 80cm.Whiplike or the beading of root-like stock bamboo, root does not expand usually, and threadiness, rare side root enlarges into coniform fleshy root.Stem is single, smoothly, cylindrical, tool longitudinal grin.Palmately compound leaf 3 pieces ~ 5 pieces wheels are born in stem top, and petiole is thin, long 4cm ~ 9cm; Leaflet 3 ~ 7, oval or ovum shape ellipse, long 5cm ~ 25cm, top long gradually point or short point, base portion wedge shape, circle or closely heart-shaped, there are serration, heavy sawtooth in edge or incise shape sawtooth, two sides is without hair or arteries and veins being dredged raw bristle, the most lower 2 little shapes, and obovate is oval to the shape of falling ovum; Long 5mm ~ the 15mm of petiolule.The raw stem top of umbel list, has 1 sometimes to multiple umbellule under it; Total sequence axle is elongated; Calyx is green, mitriform, top 5 fissure; Petal 5, pistac, ovum shape triangle; Stamen 5, several isometric with petal; Ovary is the next, Room 2, rare Room 4, style usual 2, and rare 4, be separated.Drupe berry shape, spherical, red time ripe, there is stain on top.Be distributed in the provinces and regions such as Yunnan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Fujian, Guangxi.Vietnam, Nepal, Burma, Japan, Korea also have.Autumn excavates, removing tertia and fibrous root, dry; Or steam (boiling) rear drying thoroughly.
The dry rhizome of Panax Japonicus Var. Major, for " Chinese Pharmacopoeia " and " Yunnan Province's drug standards " records kind, main product Yunnan, be one of famousr and precious conventional Chinese medicine, the nationalitys such as Bai Nationality in Yunnan, Naxi, Lisu, Tibetan commonly use.
There is tonifying lung, yin-nourishing, active, hemostasis.For deficiency of both qi and yin, dysphoria with smothery sensation is thirsty, cough due to consumptive disease, injury from falling down, arthralgia, hemoptysis, spits blood, the effect of traumatism and bleeding.
The growth thermophilic of Panax Japonicus Var. Major is 16 ~ 20 DEG C, and vegetative period, nocturnal temperature was not less than 8 DEG C.Happiness is fertile moistening, avoids high light direct projection, resist cold and fear high temperature, but excessive moisture is unfavorable to root growth, is subject to disease and invades.Sowing time, Best Times was in mid-December, general nursery 2 years, planted 4 years ability results.
At present, to Panax Japonicus Var. Major artificial breeding document, the report of existing Yulong county Panax Japonicus Var. Major artificial cultivation technique, to high and cold area Panax Japonicus Var. Major artificial breeding technique there are no play-by-play.
The celebrating of Lijiang, yunnan, Lan Ping, enlightening and other provinces have started have small size to plant.In plantation, key is seedling problem, seedling raise period longer (need 2 years), and survival rate only 60 ~ 75%, solves breeding and improve survival rate, becoming the matter of utmost importance needing conscientiously to study.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve the survival rate of Panax Japonicus Var. Major nursery, the invention discloses the method for a kind of high and cold area Panax Japonicus Var. Major nursery, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A method for high and cold area Panax Japonicus Var. Major nursery, comprise build lid seedling growth greenhouse, build nursery platform, preparation matrix, sowing, seedling management and transplanting, concrete steps are as follows:
A. lid seedling growth greenhouse is built: with the galvanized welded pipe of 20#, by wide 10m, long 30m, high 5m build lid, the two ends of canopy have the gateway of high 2m, wide 1.5m, ceiling and surrounding covered with plastic film, and it is high that canopy surrounding plastic film rollable is about 2m, several ventilating openings are left in the both sides of canopy, ventilating opening there is roller shutter, in canopy, draws lid layer sunshade net, shading rate 65-75% apart from high 3 meters of, ground and surrounding;
B. build nursery platform: nursery platform, the galvanized welded pipe of table top 20# is skeleton, adopts the iron wire of 10# to be connected and fixed skeleton, be combined into the table top of wide 1.5m, long 10m, table top surrounding has the wire fence of high 10cm, three draining mud wall supporting bable tops, table top height 80cm; Place some pieces of nursery platforms in canopy, stay passageway to be that 60cm is wide in the middle of every block nursery platform, on platform, Seedling bag placement is watered to facilitate, is applied fertilizer and be advisable;
C. matrix is prepared: seedling medium, use mountain forest humus soil, burn soil, river sand, prepare by 5:3:2, matrix is reusable, and the new matrix prepared first is without the need to sterilization, and reusable matrix will first re-use through sterilization, disinfection way adopts the sun to be exposed to the sun or high-temperature steam sterilization, pH value range 5.5 ~ 6.5, the EC value of matrix is less than 0.75ms/cm, matrix is loaded in the Seedling bag that specification is diameter 10cm after sterilization;
D. sow: the bamboo chip preparing a long 15cm, wide 2cm before sowing, one is whittled into ellipse, sowing was selected in mid-December, first with mop Tianjin carbendazim thimerosal, Seedling bag, bamboo chip, seed are carried out disinfection respectively before sowing, in Seedling bag matrix, 2 sowing caves are inserted out with bamboo chip, dark 2-3cm, puts into 1 seed through the dipped 20min of topsin carbendazol respectively in each sowing cave, then hides upper substrate soil;
E. seedling management:
(1) seedling management, canopy temperature controls at 15 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, keep sound ventilation environment, prevent air humidity too low or too high, by atomizing system regulation canopy humidity about 40%, after coming up, topdress 5-8 time in good time, fertilising potassium dihydrogen phosphate or composite fertilizer 1:100 times spray solution, the mode adopting and spray of watering, earth face is moistening, and root should not soak;
(2) insect pest and prophylactico-therapeutic measures, main diseases and insect pests: root rot, damping off, rust rot and stalk break, sunscald etc., seed adopts the thiophanate methyl 1:1200 of 50% water diluent doubly to soak 30min, in good time to the mancozeb 1:800 water dilute liquid medicine doubly of foliage spray 70%;
F. transplant, nursery 14-16 month, when seedling grows to 5-6cm, arrow bottom Seedling bag is opened and connects bag and put in the pool, plot put in order and transplant.
Step B described above builds nursery platform, and on platform, the placement of Seedling bag is in units of seedling-cultivating tray, each seedling-cultivating tray is placed horizontal 8 bags of Seedling bag, indulges 5 bags, isolate alternate 8cm between seedling-cultivating tray with dividing plate.
E step seedling management described above, the control of each phase temperature of nursery, humidity, illumination: radicle extends, the development stage, temperature controls at about 15 DEG C, according to weather condition, water and be separated by 3 ~ 5 days for one-period, Seedling bag water spray with soil moisture the amount of being, maintenance soil humidity, improve rudiment regularity, budding period illumination 1000 ~ 2500Lux; Seedling stem, cotyledon vegetative stage, according to weather condition, water and be separated by 2 ~ 3 days for one-period, earth face is moistening, and temperature controls at 8 DEG C ~ 13 DEG C, keeps sound ventilation environment, but prevent air humidity too low or too high, humidity 45-55% is advisable, and illumination accepts normal illumination; True leaf growth and development stage, according to weather condition, water and be separated by 1 ~ 2 day for one-period, earth face is moistening, and temperature of shed controls at 15 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, avoid low light photograph and humidity too large.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: achieve meticulous, the standardization nursery to Panax Japonicus Var. Major, shorten seedling raise period, improve survival rate and the quality of pearl seedling, makes the survival rate of seedling to more than 90% and seedling is neat, healthy; Use seedling-cultivating tray nursery, without selection of land, whole, drainage waterlogging prevention, make nursery quick, easy.
Embodiment
Applicant is to invention has been a large amount of practices, and here is one of them embodiment, not as limitation of the present invention.
A method for high and cold area Panax Japonicus Var. Major nursery, comprise build lid seedling growth greenhouse, build nursery platform, preparation matrix, sowing, seedling management and transplanting, concrete steps are as follows.
Build lid seedling growth greenhouse: use galvanized welded pipe 20#, by wide 10m, long 30m, high 5m builds lid, the two ends of canopy have high 2m, the gateway of wide 1.5m, ceiling and surrounding cover transparent plastic film, it is high that canopy surrounding plastic film rollable is about 2m, when being warm, can lower airway, when it is cold, put down plastic film to be suitably incubated, have six corresponding ventilating openings with being respectively evenly distributed in the both sides of canopy, ventilating opening has the plastics curtain of rollable, can suitably to ventilation and temperature adjustment in canopy when being cold, lid layer sunshade net is drawn apart from high 3 meters of, ground and surrounding in canopy, shading rate reaches 65-75%.
Build nursery platform: nursery platform, table top is skeleton with the galvanized welded pipe of 6 20#, adopts the iron wire of 10# to be connected and fixed skeleton, be combined into the table top of wide 1.5m, long 10m, table top surrounding has the wire fence of high 10cm, and three draining mud walls hold up table top, table top height 80cm; Canopy is interior places 4 rows, 12 pieces of nursery platforms altogether, and often arrange in seedling growth greenhouse in the middle of nursery platform and stay passageway to be that 60cm is wide, on platform, Seedling bag placement is watered to facilitate, applied fertilizer and be advisable; On platform, the placement of Seedling bag is in units of seedling-cultivating tray, each seedling-cultivating tray is placed horizontal 8 bags of Seedling bag, indulges 5 bags, isolate alternate 8cm between seedling-cultivating tray with dividing plate.
Preparation matrix: seedling medium, use mountain forest humus soil, burn soil, river sand, prepare by 5:3:2, matrix is reusable, and the new matrix prepared first is without the need to sterilization, and reusable matrix will first re-use through sterilization, disinfection way adopts the sun to be exposed to the sun or high-temperature steam sterilization, pH value range 5.5 ~ 6.5, the EC value of matrix is less than 0.75ms/cm, matrix is loaded in the Seedling bag that specification is diameter 10cm after sterilization.
Sowing: the bamboo chip preparing a long 15cm, wide 2cm before sowing, one is whittled into ellipse, sowing was selected in mid-December, first with mop Tianjin carbendazim thimerosal, Seedling bag, bamboo chip, seed are carried out disinfection respectively before sowing, in Seedling bag matrix, 2 sowing caves are inserted out with bamboo chip, dark 2-3cm, puts into 1 seed through the dipped 20min of topsin carbendazol respectively in each sowing cave, then hides upper substrate soil.
Seedling management:
(1) seedling management, canopy temperature controls at 8 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, keep sound ventilation environment, prevent air humidity too low or too high, by atomizing system regulation canopy humidity about 40%, after coming up, topdress 5-8 time in good time, fertilising potassium dihydrogen phosphate or composite fertilizer 1:100 times spray solution, the mode adopting and spray of watering, earth face is moistening, and root should not soak.The control of each phase temperature of nursery, humidity, illumination: radicle extends, the development stage, temperature controls at about 15 DEG C, according to weather condition, water and be separated by 3 ~ 5 days for one-period, Seedling bag water spray with soil moisture the amount of being, keep soil humidity, improve rudiment regularity, budding period illumination 1000 ~ 2500Lux; Seedling stem, cotyledon vegetative stage, according to weather condition, water and be separated by 2 ~ 3 days for one-period, earth face is moistening, and temperature controls at 8 DEG C ~ 13 DEG C, keeps sound ventilation environment, but prevent air humidity too low or too high, humidity 45-55% is advisable, and illumination accepts normal illumination; True leaf growth and development stage, according to weather condition, water and be separated by 1 ~ 2 day for one-period, earth face is moistening, and temperature of shed controls at 15 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, avoid low light photograph and humidity too large;
(2) insect pest and prophylactico-therapeutic measures, main diseases and insect pests: root rot, damping off, rust rot and stalk break, sunscald etc., seed adopts the thiophanate methyl 1:1200 of 50% water diluent doubly to soak 30min, in good time to the mancozeb 1:800 water dilute liquid medicine doubly of foliage spray 70%.
Transplant, nursery 14-16 month, when seedling grows to 5-6cm, opened by arrow bottom Seedling bag and connect bag and put in the pool, plot put in order and transplant, what Seedling bag was selected is degradable non-woven fabrics Seedling bag.
Claims (3)
1. a method for high and cold area Panax Japonicus Var. Major nursery, is characterized in that: comprise build lid seedling growth greenhouse, build nursery platform, preparation matrix, sowing, seedling management and transplanting, concrete steps are as follows:
A. lid seedling growth greenhouse is built: with the galvanized welded pipe of 20#, by wide 10m, long 30m, high 5m build lid, the two ends of canopy have the gateway of high 2m, wide 1.5m, ceiling and surrounding covered with plastic film, and it is high that canopy surrounding plastic film rollable is about 2m, several ventilating openings are left in the both sides of canopy, ventilating opening there is roller shutter, in canopy, draws lid layer sunshade net, shading rate 65-75% apart from high 3 meters of, ground and surrounding;
B. build nursery platform: nursery platform, the galvanized welded pipe of table top 20# is skeleton, adopts the iron wire of 10# to be connected and fixed skeleton, be combined into the table top of wide 1.5m, long 10m, table top surrounding has the wire fence of high 10cm, three draining mud wall supporting bable tops, table top height 80cm; Place some pieces of nursery platforms in canopy, stay passageway to be that 60cm is wide in the middle of every block nursery platform, on platform, Seedling bag placement is watered to facilitate, is applied fertilizer and be advisable;
C. matrix is prepared: seedling medium, use mountain forest humus soil, burn soil, river sand, prepare by 5:3:2, matrix is reusable, and the new matrix prepared first is without the need to sterilization, and reusable matrix will first re-use through sterilization, disinfection way adopts the sun to be exposed to the sun or high-temperature steam sterilization, pH value range 5.5 ~ 6.5, the EC value of matrix is less than 0.75ms/cm, matrix is loaded in the Seedling bag that specification is diameter 10cm after sterilization;
D. sow: the bamboo chip preparing a long 15cm, wide 2cm before sowing, one is whittled into ellipse, sowing was selected in mid-December, first with mop Tianjin carbendazim thimerosal, Seedling bag, bamboo chip, seed are carried out disinfection respectively before sowing, in Seedling bag matrix, 2 sowing caves are inserted out with bamboo chip, dark 2-3cm, puts into 1 seed through the dipped 20min of topsin carbendazol respectively in each sowing cave, then hides upper substrate soil;
E. seedling management:
(1) seedling management, canopy temperature controls at 15 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, keep sound ventilation environment, prevent air humidity too low or too high, by atomizing system regulation canopy humidity about 40%, after coming up, topdress 5-8 time in good time, fertilising potassium dihydrogen phosphate or composite fertilizer 1:100 times spray solution, the mode adopting and spray of watering, earth face is moistening, and root should not soak;
(2) insect pest and prophylactico-therapeutic measures, main diseases and insect pests: root rot, damping off, rust rot and stalk break, sunscald etc., seed adopts the thiophanate methyl 1:1200 of 50% water diluent doubly to soak 30min, in good time to the mancozeb 1:800 water dilute liquid medicine doubly of foliage spray 70%;
F. transplant, nursery 14-16 month, when seedling grows to 5-6cm, arrow bottom Seedling bag is opened and connects bag and put in the pool, plot put in order and transplant.
2. the method for a kind of high and cold area Panax Japonicus Var. Major nursery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step B builds nursery platform, on platform, the placement of Seedling bag is in units of seedling-cultivating tray, each seedling-cultivating tray placed horizontal 8 bags of Seedling bag, indulge 5 bags, between seedling-cultivating tray, isolate alternate 8cm with dividing plate.
3. the method for described a kind of high and cold area Panax Japonicus Var. Major nursery is required according to right 1, it is characterized in that: described E step seedling management, the control of each phase temperature of nursery, humidity, illumination: radicle extends, the development stage, temperature controls at about 15 DEG C, according to weather condition, waters and is separated by 3 ~ 5 days for one-period, Seedling bag water spray with soil moisture the amount of being, keep soil humidity, improve rudiment regularity, budding period illumination 1000 ~ 2500Lux; Seedling stem, cotyledon vegetative stage, according to weather condition, water and be separated by 2 ~ 3 days for one-period, earth face is moistening, and temperature controls at 8 DEG C ~ 13 DEG C, keeps sound ventilation environment, but prevent air humidity too low or too high, humidity 45-55% is advisable, and illumination accepts normal illumination; True leaf growth and development stage, according to weather condition, water and be separated by 1 ~ 2 day for one-period, earth face is moistening, and temperature of shed controls at 15 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C, avoid low light photograph and humidity too large.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104663234A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-06-03 | 宣威市美睿农业开发有限责任公司 | Acclimation method of wild rhizoma panacis majoris |
| CN104996157A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-10-28 | 李粉存 | Wild stellaria yunnanensis cultivating method and food made according to wild stellaria yunnanensis cultivating method |
| CN105309183A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2016-02-10 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Quick breeding method for rhizoma panacis majoris |
| CN105900723A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-08-31 | 丽江志成生物开发有限公司 | Panax japonicus var.major seedling method and culture method |
| CN106717829A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 丽江光华生物开发有限公司 | The implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major |
| CN108029485A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-15 | 丽江润华基药培植有限公司 | The breeding method of panax japonicus majoris |
| CN109463233A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-03-15 | 重庆锦雲医药研究院有限公司 | A kind of fast breeding method of panax japonicus majoris seedlings |
| CN110859126A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2020-03-06 | 常州市孟河双峰中草药科技有限公司 | Floating seedling raising method for gynostemma pentaphylla |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104663234A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-06-03 | 宣威市美睿农业开发有限责任公司 | Acclimation method of wild rhizoma panacis majoris |
| CN104996157A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-10-28 | 李粉存 | Wild stellaria yunnanensis cultivating method and food made according to wild stellaria yunnanensis cultivating method |
| CN104996157B (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-10-17 | 李粉存 | Wild Radix Stellariae Yunnanensis inoculation method and the food made of it |
| CN105309183A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2016-02-10 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Quick breeding method for rhizoma panacis majoris |
| CN105900723A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-08-31 | 丽江志成生物开发有限公司 | Panax japonicus var.major seedling method and culture method |
| CN105900723B (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2019-09-06 | 丽江志成生物开发有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings and cultural method of panax japonicus majoris |
| CN106717829A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 丽江光华生物开发有限公司 | The implantation methods of Panax Japonicus Var. Major |
| CN108029485A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-15 | 丽江润华基药培植有限公司 | The breeding method of panax japonicus majoris |
| CN110859126A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2020-03-06 | 常州市孟河双峰中草药科技有限公司 | Floating seedling raising method for gynostemma pentaphylla |
| CN109463233A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-03-15 | 重庆锦雲医药研究院有限公司 | A kind of fast breeding method of panax japonicus majoris seedlings |
| CN109463233B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2021-12-28 | 重庆锦雲医药研究院有限公司 | Method for quickly cultivating large seedlings of panax japonicus |
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