JP2014150771A - Medicinal plant cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cultivation method capable of stably providing medicinal plants as herbal medicine ingredients, for use as alternatives to imports.SOLUTION: In the method, seedlings of medicinal plants are planted in a sand culture medium with a pH of 6.5-10 and grown in the sand culture medium. The electric conductivity (EC) of the sand culture medium is preferably 0.05 mS/cm or less. The average grain diameter of the sand in the sand culture medium is preferably 0.07-2.0 mm. The method is particularly suitable to cultivation of Ephedra herb, Geranium herb and Pinellia ternata and enables faster growth and a stable yield than conventional outdoor cultivation.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cultivating medicinal plants such as herbal medicines such as Ephedra sinica, Geranium thunbergii and Pinellia ternata.

  In recent years, the environment surrounding crude drugs has changed significantly. In China and other crude drug resource countries, grassland destruction, deforestation, and desertification are rapidly progressing, and there is a concern about the depletion of crude drug resources.

  The medicinal plant maou is dispensed to the Kampo medicines such as Kakkon-yu, Shosei-ryu, Gosho-san, Fufutsu-san-san, Mao-to, etc., but there is a problem in reducing the amount of resources in the production areas such as Inner Mongolia and Gansu. As it is becoming difficult to import in Japan, domestic cultivation is an urgent issue.

  Regarding the method for cultivating medicinal plants, licorice plants that have been subject to export control from China in recent years are disclosed in, for example, JP-A-6-205618 (Patent Document 1), and licorice plants are pH 3.5 to 4.5. It has been proposed to carry out hydroponics with this culture solution.

  In addition to licorice, medicinal plants mainly using roots and rhizomes (specifically, Murasaki, Koganebana, Kibanaogi, Mishima psycho), for example, a culture medium containing nutrients in JP 2010-291181 (Patent Document 2) It has been proposed to cultivate soil-cultivating cylinders filled with soil in a house that can control temperature, amount of sunlight, wind speed, and moisture.

  Moreover, about the hippopotamus plant which contains the hippolactone which is an active ingredient in a root system in high concentration, in the special table 2004-521631 gazette (patent document 3), it fills with the floor which combined fillers, such as volcanic gravel, and organic substance. A method for planting and cultivating birch seedlings on this embankment has been proposed.

  On the other hand, the cultivation of maou is described as follows in “Pharmaceutical Plant Cultivation and Quality Evaluation Part 9” pages 69-80 (Non-patent Document 1) of Yakuji Nippo. Page 70 Ecological characteristics: “Maou plants are very suitable for dry and alkaline soil deserts, but they are adaptable to the environment and can grow in humid acidic soils in Japan.” In the column of cultivation on page 71, there is an explanation that “environmental resistance is strong, but it is suitable for warm regions in winter, and sandy soil with good drainage and sunlight is good”. Specific cultivation reports include “Ephedra distachya growth and changes in ephedrine alkaloid content” by Nadamura et al., Natural Medicines 48 (2), 122-125 (Non-patent Document 2), Japan Pharmaceutical Association 129th Annual Meeting ( 2009) As described in the Proceedings (28P-am001, 002) (Non-patent Document 3), there are some examples of outdoor cultivation in medicinal botanical gardens and research fields.

  In addition, there are four research papers published by the government regarding the cultivation of Genkonosho. "Cultivation and breeding of Genokosho (1st report): Effects of planting density and light intensity on yield and tannin content" (Non-patent document 4), "Cultivation and breeding of Genokosho (2nd report): Yield and Tannin In the third report of "Effect of mulch on the content" (Non-patent Document 5), "Cultivation and Breeding of Genokosho (Part 3): Effect of Temperature on Growth of Genokosho" (Non-patent Document 6) The cultivation test by is used. Moreover, hydroponics is used as a test method in “Cultivation and Breeding of Genokosho (4th Report): Effect of Inorganic Elements on Growth and Tannin Content” (Non-Patent Document 7).

  Regarding the cultivation of geno shochu, in addition to the above-mentioned paper, three research papers by Nilsham Rancht et al. “Effects of NPK fertilizer application on growth and yield of medicinal plant genus shochu” (Non-patent Document 8), Three reports: "Effects of plant growth regulators on the growth and tannin production of medicinal plant Ganoderma" (Non-patent document 9), "Effects of herbicides on the growth and tannin production of medicinal plant Ganoderma" (Non-patent document 10) In these, it has been reported that a mixture of vermiculite and loam soil was cultivated by filling a plastic pot.

  Furthermore, as for the cultivation of crow birch, two research papers by Nagao “Regarding a few environmental conditions affecting the growth of crow's corms (1)” (Non-patent Document 11), In the second and third environmental conditions (2) (Non-Patent Document 12), pot planting by soil cultivation was carried out in a greenhouse, and a research paper by Ishii et al. In “Effect” (Non-Patent Document 13), pot cultivation is carried out using red jade earth and peat moss medium in performing a cultivation test under temperature control using an artificial weather control device. In addition, in Kasahara's research paper “Cultivation conditions and antiemetic activity of crow birch” (Non-patent Document 14), a pot of 17 cm in diameter is filled with a sand culture medium for the purpose of testing the nutritional requirement of crow birch. .

JP-A-6-205618 JP 2010-29181 A JP-T-2004-521631

Yakuji Nippo “Cultivation and Quality Evaluation of Medicinal Plants Part 9”, pages 69-80 “Ephedra distachya growth and fluctuations in ephedrine alkaloid content” Kashimura et al., Natural Medicines 48 (2), 122-125 Proceedings of Japan Pharmaceutical Association 129th Annual Meeting (2009) (28P-am001, 002) “Cultivation and Breeding of Genokosho (1st Report): Effects of Planting Density and Light Intensity on Yield and Tannin Content” Kanshihide Keisei Pharmaceutical Journal (1991) 45 (1) 1-5 “Cultivation and Breeding of Genokosho (Part 2): Effects of Mulch on Yield and Tannin Content” Hideyoshi Kansei Pharmaceutical Journal (1991) 45 (1) 6-11 “Cultivation and Breeding of Genokosho (Part 3): Influence of Temperature on the Growth of Genokosho” Kansei Hideyoshi Biopharmaceutical Journal (1991) 45 (1) 46-48 “Cultivation and Breeding of Genokosho (Part 4): Effects of Inorganic Elements on Growth and Tannin Content” Hideyoshi Kansei Pharmaceutical Journal (1991) 45 (1) 49-51 "Effects of NPK fertilization on growth and yield of medicinal plant Genokosho" Nilsham Ranch Surin et al., Bulletin of Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University (1996) 29, 1-10 "Effects of plant growth regulators on the growth and tannin production of the medicinal plant Genokosho" Nilsham Ranch Surin et al., Bulletin of Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University (1996) 29, 11-20 "Effects of herbicides on the growth and tannin production of the medicinal plant Genokosho" Nilsham Ranch Surin et al., Bulletin of Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University (1996) 29, pp. 21-26 "A few environmental conditions affecting the growth of crows, such as corms (1)" Yukio Nagao Weed Research 22 (4) 189-193 (1977) “A few environmental conditions affecting the growth of coral biscuit corms (2)” Yukio Nagao Weed Research 22 (4) 189-193 (1977) "Effect of temperature on the enlargement of corms biscuit corms and baskets" Taeko Ishii et al. Japan Crop Society 70 (Attachment 2) 289-290 (2001) “Cultivation conditions and antiemetic activity of crow birch” Yoshimasa Kasahara et al. Biopharmaceutical Journal 37 (4) 367-373 (1983)

  As explained in Non-Patent Document 1, Maou has strong environmental resistance, and can grow even in open field cultivation in Japan. However, as shown in the above non-patent literature, medicinal plants are affected by natural environmental factors as an alternative to imported resources because the growth, yield, and content of active ingredients are affected by the cultivation environment conditions. Open field cultivation that is susceptible to damage is not sufficient. For this reason, establishment of an efficient and stable cultivation method is desired.

  Regarding the cultivation of medicinal plants, as proposed in the above Patent Documents 1 to 3, only some medicinal plants are present, and many medicinal plants are disclosed in Non-Patent Documents 8 to 14. In addition, the pot is grown for test research.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and the purpose of the present invention is to replace medicinal plants as raw materials for herbs, such as mao, crow birch, and geno shoko, as an alternative to imported products. It is in providing the cultivation method which can be obtained stably.

  The cultivation method of the medicinal plant of the present invention is a method in which a seedling of a medicinal plant is planted in a sand medium having a pH of 6.5 to 10 and grown on the sand medium.

The sand medium preferably has an electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.05 mS / cm or less, and the average particle size of the sand in the sand medium is preferably 0.07 to 2.00 mm.
Moreover, it is preferable that the fertilization to the said sand culture medium is performed by dripping a liquid fertilizer, and as said liquid fertilizer, at least a nitrogen component and a potassium component are each liquid fertilizer which is 1/2 to 1/8 of a standard garden trial prescription. Is preferably fertilized at a rate of 0.3 to 0.8 L / day · m ² .

  According to another aspect, the method for cultivating a medicinal plant of the present invention comprises: a sand bed in which a bed is filled with a sand medium having a pH of 6.5 to 10; a liquid fertilizer tank and a dilution liquid tank connected to the sand bed; A controller for controlling the flow rate of the tank and the diluent tank; a medicinal plant using a cultivation system including a microtube for supplying liquid fertilizer whose concentration is adjusted by the flow rate control of the fertilizer tank and the diluent tank to the sand bed Is a method in which liquid fertilizer is fed from the microtube at a set time.

  The cultivation method of the present invention is particularly suitable for Ephedrae sinica, Geranium thunbergii, or Pinellia ternata.

  The method for cultivating medicinal plants of the present invention is easy to manage and control the amount of water, and therefore provides faster substitutes for imported herbal medicines because plants grow faster and can be stably harvested compared to outdoor cultivation. This is a promising cultivation method.

It is a figure which shows the structure of one Embodiment of the cultivation system which enforces the cultivation method of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of one Example of a drip irrigation apparatus. It is a photograph which shows the result of the thin layer chromatography in the Example of Maow. It is a graph which shows the content test result of Gennoshokko. It is a photograph showing a list of harvest results of Hange. It is a graph which shows the adaptation ratio of the Japanese pharmacopoeia of Hange harvested in the Example.

The kind of medicinal plant to be cultivated in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any of medicinal plants classified as gymnosperms (for example, mahout) and medicinal plants classified as angiosperms (for example, crow biscaku, geno shouko) Applicable. Furthermore, the part collected as a crude drug raw material can be applied to both the above-ground part and the underground part.
In particular, the present invention can be suitably applied to Maou, Gennosho, and Crowfish.

Here, the type of mao is not particularly limited. Any of Ephedra sinica 6 strain, Ephedra intermedia 10 strain, and Ephedra equisetina 5 strain listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia can be preferably used. Based on the Japanese Pharmacopeia, preferred is Maou having a medicinal component alkaloid content (total amount of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine) of 0.7% or more.
Maow corresponds to a perennial, and the roots and underground stems do not die, and the ground stems as herbal resources can be collected over a plurality of years while leaving the underground part.

  Ganoderma is a perennial herb belonging to the family Aceraceae. In Japan, it is known to grow naturally in Hokkaido grassland, from Honshu to Yamano in Kyushu, the Korean peninsula, the mainland of China, etc. Geranium Herb as a crude drug raw material is the above-ground part of Geranium thunbergii.

The crow birch (Pinellia ternata) is a perennial herb of the taro family found in Japan, the Korean peninsula and China. The crow bishak is traditionally known as a weed that grows naturally in the wilderness and mature fields. It grows normally as a field weed in Kyushu from the southern part of Hokkaido. "
The crow's stem is called Hange (half-summer), and the main complaints are vomiting, intragastric retention, and acute gastric catarrh. Formulated in traditional Chinese medicine such as hot water.

The method for cultivating medicinal plants of the present invention is characterized by using a neutral to weak alkaline sand medium and cultivating while supplying a culture solution (liquid fertilizer).
Hydroponics that uses a culture solution (liquid fertilizer) is advantageous in that it is easy to manage, automate, and labor-saving compared to outdoor cultivation because it can be harvested stably without being affected by the natural environment. There is.

Hydroponics is roughly divided into hydroponics, spray plowing, and solid medium plowing.
Narrow hydroponics that grow roots in culture without using a solid medium cannot be applied to plants that are suitable for dry land such as Maou. In addition, spray plowing, in which roots are developed in the air and the culture solution is mist-like and sprayed directly and intermittently on the roots, has the advantage that sufficient oxygen is supplied to the roots and it is easy to control nutrient uptake of plants. Since fine management is required and high pressure, nozzle clogging, etc. are likely to occur, maintenance must be performed frequently, increasing the work load.
In this regard, in solid medium cultivation, it is only necessary to control the amount of fertilization with a flow controller, and the work burden can be reduced.

Examples of the solid medium cultivation include a sand culture medium, an artificial inorganic medium such as rock wool, an artificial organic medium such as polyurethane and polyester, and an organic natural medium such as sawdust and rice husk.
Sand media is inferior in water retention compared to soil, but it has high water retention when compared to other inorganic media such as rock wool, so it retains the nutrient water necessary for growth and is sufficient for roots. It is possible to supply oxygen. In addition, it is easy to adjust the amount of water in the medium by adjusting the amount of liquid fertilizer to be fertilized, the frequency of irrigation, etc. by taking advantage of the good water permeability. As a result, there is an advantage that a desired dry environment can be realized and the state can be maintained for a long time. In addition, in the cultivation of mao, which is relatively suitable for dry land, low water retention is not particularly problematic. Furthermore, the sand culture medium does not require soil preparation such as plowing and fertilization of the original fertilizer, compared to the organic culture medium. Moreover, it is not necessary to plow during cultivation.

  Furthermore, sand also has the versatility that it is not necessary to specify the production area if it conforms to the physicochemical properties described later. In addition, there is an advantage that accumulated salt can be removed by washing the sand medium with water, and continuous cropping can be performed against salt accumulation that can occur when fertilization is excessive. Therefore, the root system is left in the medium for many years, and it is suitable for cultivation of medicinal plants that collect only ground stems, for example, Maoh and Genoko.

  The pH of the sand to be used is preferably 6.5 to 10, particularly 8 to 9. That is, a neutral to weak alkaline sand medium is used. The feature of the present invention is that a weakly alkaline sand culture medium is used, whereas Japanese soil is usually acidic (about pH 4 to 6). Such a weakly alkaline environment is generally suitable for the growth of medicinal plants, preferably Maoh, Ganoderma serrata and crow birch. Furthermore, it is preferable that EC before fertilization is 0.05 mS / cm or less. Since the water permeability is higher than that of soil and salt accumulation does not occur, the EC value is lower than that of general soil.

The sand referred to in the present invention preferably has an average particle size of 0.07 to 2.0 mm, preferably 0.15 to 0.6 mm. Moreover, it is preferable to have a particle size distribution in which 80% or more of the particles are contained within 28 to 100 mesh.
Such sand has good water permeability and can have a porosity of 20 to 50%, preferably 30 to 40%. Therefore, it is easy to maintain and manage the desired pH, EC, and moisture content by dripping necessary and sufficient amounts of nutrient solution and irrigation, and it is possible to ensure air permeability in the medium. The breathing environment can be maintained.

  For the cultivation of medicinal plants that are used as raw materials for Kampo and herbal preparations, it is desirable to produce so that there is as little microbial and pesticide contamination as possible.Therefore, the sand used must be pathogenic bacteria, harmful chemicals, heavy metals, and radioactive substances. Use uncontaminated sand.

  In the cultivation method of the present invention, since it is a hydroponic cultivation in which the necessary fertilizer is applied in the growing process, it is not necessary to perform the basic fertilization to the sand medium, but the basic fertilization is not excluded.

The thickness of the sand medium (sand layer) is not particularly limited, but is about 5 to 20 cm, preferably about 5 to 9 cm. This level is preferable because it does not hinder the growth of mao roots, the medium bed does not become too heavy, and a system in which the medium bed is placed on a stand that is separated from the ground can be applied.
The cultivation bed filled with the sand medium as described above is not particularly limited, but preferably has a space that allows ventilation between the ground and the sand layer.

  The target medicinal plant is planted in the sand medium as described above. As the seedling to be planted, any of a seedling seedling, a seedling seedling, and a root cutting seedling can be used, but from the viewpoint of availability and establishment rate, a planting seedling obtained by dividing a parent strain for straining is preferably used. In addition, in the case of a taro family plant such as a crow birch, a corm is planted. In the case of a crow birch, a corm having a fresh weight of about 1 to 2 g is preferably used.

After planting, periodically irrigate and fertilize.
The type of water used for irrigation is not particularly limited, and neutral fresh water is usually used.
The irrigation amount is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 1.5 to 5 L / day for a 1 m ² cultivation bed according to the seasonal change. It may be. Such an irrigation method can save water compared to the case of outdoor cultivation. This is because it is an irrigation method in which the water is dripped near the plant stock, so that the amount of evaporation is small and the plant can be cultivated with the minimum required amount of irrigation.

Fertilization is performed using liquid fertilizer (culture solution). What is necessary is just to be able to supply the nutrient required for growth within the range which does not impair the said property of sand.
The composition of liquid fertilizer is based on the “garden trial formulation”, which is a liquid fertilizer composition for vegetable hydroponics developed by Yamazaki et al. At the Horticultural Experiment Station of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in the 1960s. It is preferable to reduce the potassium content to 1/2 to 1/8 of the standard garden prescription. Though not particularly limited, for example, the composition of the preferred liquid fertilizer, compared to people garden試処, nitrogen component (NO _3, NH ₄₎ was reduced to 1/2, 1/3 potassium component, other components, Liquid fertilizer equivalent to the garden prescription is mentioned. Since the sand culture medium has lower fertilizer adsorption and ion exchange action than the soil, the amount of fertilizer application can be reduced, and the fertilizer cost can be suppressed as compared with the open field cultivation.

  As fertilizers, conventionally known fertilizers can be used. As fertilizers, nitrate nitrogen (for example, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, etc.), ammonium nitrogen (for example, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, phosphoric acid) Ammonium) and the like, and other phosphates and potassium salts can also be used.

The solution supply method for irrigation and fertilization is preferably a method in which the culture solution is supplied from the surface layer, but it is a closed system that circulates or reuses, and a non-closed system that throws a certain percentage of the supply amount and discards it outside the system Any of the system systems may be used. In addition to the method of supplying from the surface layer, a side strip method of supplying from the side portion of the seedling may be used.
In addition, irrigation and fertilization are preferably performed by an infusion system in which liquid supply tubes such as microtubes are arranged at predetermined intervals so that the sand bed is uniformly performed. By drip irrigation, water management and fertilization management can be performed appropriately even with sand beds with high water permeability. In addition, a rapid change in moisture in the sand can be prevented, and air permeability in the sand layer can be prevented.

  As the nutrient solution, a nutrient solution adjusted to a predetermined concentration may be stored in a tank, and supplied from the tank to the sand bed using a pump or the like, or two or more kinds of aqueous solutions may be supplied to a metering pump and a venturi. You may make it supply the culture solution prepared by diluting with a flow proportional injection system using a pipe | tube to a cultivation bed using an automatic liquid feeder.

[Cultivation system and cultivation equipment]
As described above, sand cultivation can be performed using a cultivation system equipped with a cultivation bed filled with a sand culture medium, irrigation / fertilization apparatus for irrigating and fertilizing the cultivation bed.

The irrigation and fertilizer to be used should just be an apparatus which can control the timing and amount of liquid supply according to a predetermined schedule.
Usually, a water tank storing water, a fertilizer tank storing liquid fertilizer, and a metering pump whose flow rate is controlled from each of these tanks by a flow controller, and each metering pump and a cultivation bed are connected by piping, A fertilizer is used.
In order to control the flow rate and concentration in irrigation and fertilization, a pressure sensor may be embedded in the sand bed, and the moisture state of the sand bed may be measured and controlled with the pressure sensor.

  For temperature management and light intensity management in cultivation, it is preferable to increase the water supply amount and water supply interval in the summer to prevent drying of the cultivation bed, and if necessary, prevent overheating of the cultivation bed due to direct sunlight, or the house in winter It is preferable to appropriately adjust the seasons such as heating.

As the cultivation system and apparatus as described above, for example, “Sandponics System” manufactured by Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. can be used. One example of such a cultivation system is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
The cultivation bed 1 (1 ′) filled with sand is provided with a wire mesh frame having a height of a sand layer on a mount 5 installed on a leg 3, and a mesh bed cloth is laid on the wire mesh. It is formed by.
By forming the cultivation bed 1 (1 ′) on the gantry 5 supported by the legs 3, a harvesting operation or the like can be performed while the worker is standing, and the labor burden can be reduced.
The irrigation apparatus 10 for supplying liquid fertilizer includes metering pumps 14a and 14b controlled by flow meters 13a and 13b capable of detecting and controlling the flow rate, and the metering pumps 14a and 14b connected to the liquid manure tank 11 and the water tank 12 respectively. The other end is connected to a pipe 2 disposed on the cultivation bed 1, 1 ′. A drip microtube 4 is branched from the main pipe 2 disposed in the cultivation bed 1, 1 ′, and drip irrigation and fertilization to the cultivation bed 1, 1 ′ are performed by this drip microtube 4. .

  In the system of FIG. 1, there are two cultivation beds, but one or three or more cultivation beds may be provided.

  The sand bed (thickness of the sand medium layer) is not particularly limited, but is about 5 to 20 cm, preferably about 5 to 9 cm, and more preferably about 7 cm. When the thickness of the sand culture medium layer becomes too large, the weight of the sand bed becomes too heavy, and it tends to be difficult to apply a system in which the culture medium bed is placed on a gantry separated from the ground. On the other hand, if it is in the said range, it will not interfere with root growth and can also be applied to medicinal plants in which corms must be collected, such as crow birch.

  The cultivation method as described above has a faster growth of medicinal plants and shortens the period until it can be harvested, compared to open field cultivation. For example, in the case of maou, it took about two years from the fixed planting until it was possible to extract the ground stem for medicinal use in the open field cultivation, but according to the cultivation method of the present invention, it grows to the same degree in about hundreds of days. be able to.

  In addition to irrigation and liquid fertilization, it can be cultivated without weeding or spraying agricultural chemicals during cultivation. Therefore, the cultivation method of the present invention harvests only the above-ground stems without performing sand replacement work, and the root system is suitable for cultivation of mah and ganoderma that are left over in the medium for a plurality of years, and the growth until harvesting. Has the advantage of being fast.

  Moreover, in the case of crow birch, it took about 5 months in the open field cultivation until it was collected, but according to the cultivation method of the present invention, it can be grown to the extent that satisfies the Japanese Pharmacopoeia in about 100 days. Further, when harvesting the corms formed in the basement, it is only necessary to dig the sand in the sand bed, so that the harvesting is easier and the risk of damaging the harvest is less than in open field cultivation. In addition, since the corm of a size that is judged to be less than the size prescribed by the Japanese Pharmacopoeia should be left in the sand bed, not only the harvesting efficiency is good, but also the corm left in the bed is used as a seed potato. It is also possible to make a series.

[Methods for growing medicinal plants]
As a cultivation apparatus, “Sandponics System” manufactured by Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. was used.
Specifically, in the cultivation system shown in FIG. 1, two cultivation beds (5400 mm × 600 mm, total area 6.48 m ² ) 1 and 1 ′ provided in parallel in the longitudinal direction are used. An irrigation pipe 2 connected to pumps 14a and 14b whose flow rates are controlled by controllers 13a and 13b from a liquid fertilizer tank 11 and a water tank 12, respectively, is disposed on the cultivation bed. The drip tube is branched. The drip tubes (tentacle tubes) 4 branched from the culture medium main tube are arranged in a staggered manner at intervals of about 20 cm.

  After cultivating sand bed 1,1 ', sand is spread on windproof net (1mm mesh) laid on legs (70mm in height, 30mm in width) 3 with wiring ducts on both sides , It has been suppressed. We used Nakame sand from Kimitsu city, Chiba prefecture.

  After planting the target medicinal plant in the system as described above, it was installed in a glass greenhouse in the Center for Environmental Health Field Sciences, Chiba University, and cultivated for 100 days.

During the cultivation period, liquid fertilizer with modified garden trial formulation was intermittently performed at about 2 to 5 liters / day and irrigation at about 10 to 30 days. In summer when vegetative growth and water evaporation are active, liquid fertilizer and water supply were increased and the number was decreased gradually in autumn.
Pesticides and weeding work were not performed throughout the cultivation period.
In addition, about the fertilization during cultivation, the inorganic liquid fertilizer which changed the garden trial formulation as shown in Table 1 was used. Compared with the garden prescription, the nitrogen components (NO ₃ , NH ₄ ) were reduced by half, the potassium component was reduced to 1/3, and the other ingredients were made equal to the garden prescription.

[Cultivation and evaluation of medicinal plants]
Example 1: Cultivation and Evaluation of Maou Stock-separated seedlings obtained by cultivating maow grown in the medicinal botanical garden of Chiba University Nishi Chiba and transplanted to the medicinal botanical garden in the Gakunoha campus About 50 g) was planted in a sand bed and planted.

  The above-mentioned cultivation method is used to collect the ground stalks of mao that have been cultivated for 100 days, drying temperature: 55 ° C, drying time: 1 day, drying method: crushing the dried product under conditions of forced drying with an electric heat dryer in a mortar. Using the powder obtained as an identification sample, the following identification test was performed based on the Mao confirmation test defined in the 16th revision Japanese Pharmacopoeia.

  10 ml of methanol is added to 0.5 g of the above powder sample, shaken for 2 minutes, filtered, and the filtrate is used as a sample solution. This sample solution was tested by thin layer chromatography under the following conditions. 10 μl of the sample solution was spotted on a thin layer plate prepared using silica gel for thin layer chromatography, and then developed about 10 cm using a 1-butanol / water / acetic acid (100) mixture (7: 2: 1) as a developing solvent. Thereafter, the thin layer plate was air-dried, and an ethanol (95) solution (1 → 50) of ninhydrin was evenly sprayed thereon, and then heated at 105 ° C. for 5 minutes.

  For comparison, a sample of powdered perennial maow cultivated in a medicinal botanical garden at Chiba University (comparative example), a medicinal maaw made by Tochimoto Tenkaido Co., Ltd. (produced in China, perennial product: reference example) Similarly, a thin layer chromatography test was simultaneously performed on the powder sample obtained by grinding in a mortar. The obtained chromatographic photograph is shown in FIG.

  As can be seen from FIG. 3, a reddish purple spot derived from ephedrine / pseudoephedrine as a medicinal component was observed in the vicinity of the Rf value of 0.35 in both the example (Sandponics) and the comparative example (Field). The concentration of the spot of the example product was thinner than that of the imported product (Tochimoto) but higher than that of the outdoor product (comparative example). Therefore, in the field cultivation product, it takes several years to collect the above-ground part, which is a crude drug raw material, but it has grown to the same extent in about 10 months. Therefore, according to the cultivation method of the present invention, it can be seen that the growth of mao can be accelerated.

Example 2: Cultivation and evaluation of Genokosho A stock seedling obtained by cultivating Gennoshoco which has been cultivated in a medicinal botanical garden in Chiba University Nishi Chiba, and transplanted and grown in a medicinal botanical garden in the Gakunoha campus A weight of about 30-50 g) was planted on a sand bed and planted.
The ground stalks of Gennosho cultivated for 100 days by the above cultivation method are collected, the drying temperature: 55 ° C., the drying time: 1 day, the drying method: the dried product dried under the condition of forced drying by an electric heat dryer in a mortar. The powder obtained by grinding was used as an identification sample.
2.3 g of the above powder sample was accurately weighed and placed in a suitable flask, 70 mL of diluted ethanol was added, occasionally shaken and leached for 5 hours, allowed to stand for another 16-20 hours, and then filtered. The flask and residue were washed with dilute ethanol until the filtrate was 100 mL. 50 mL of the filtrate was evaporated to dryness on a water bath, dried at 105 ° C. for 4 hours, allowed to cool with a desiccator (silica gel), accurately weighed, and multiplied by 2, to obtain the amount of diluted ethanol extract. The extract content (%) was calculated with respect to the amount of sample converted to a dry product from the numerical value obtained by drying loss.

For comparison, a powder sample obtained by pulverizing a pharmaceutical Gennosho (produced in Nagano Prefecture, outdoor cultivation product: comparative example) by a mortar in the same manner was manufactured at the same time. A comparison of the obtained diluted ethanol extract content is shown in FIG.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the diluted ethanol extract contents of the example and the comparative example were 26.2% and 26.7%, respectively, which not only exceeded the standard value (15%) defined by the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. In the examples, it was shown that Genokosho which is equivalent to the outdoor cultivation product can be obtained. Therefore, in the outdoor cultivated product, it takes 1 to 2 years to collect the above-ground part as a crude drug raw material, but it can be grown to the same extent in about 100 days. Therefore, according to the cultivation method of the present invention, it can be seen that the growth of Genokosho can be accelerated.

Example 3: Cultivation and evaluation of crow birch A Hange (1 to 2 g of fresh weight), which is a coral biscuit corm, was planted on a sand bed of the above cultivation method as a seed potato, fixed and cultivated for 100 days, then 60 cm in width. Regardless of size, hanger was collected from a sand culture medium of 45 cm length × 7 cm depth. A total of 26 hangeres could be collected.

The properties of the collected hangage were evaluated as follows based on the method prescribed in the 16th revision Japanese Pharmacopoeia.
The dried hanger (26 pieces) was peeled off by hand and then dried at a drying temperature of 55 ° C., a drying time of 1 day, and a drying method: forced drying with an electrothermal dryer. Height was measured.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, of the 26 hangage collected, 14 satisfying the size (diameter 0.7 to 2.5 cm, height 0.7 to 1.5 cm) determined by the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. There were 12 pieces that were less than that. Normally, in open field cultivation, it takes about 5 months to harvest, but it can be shortened to about 100 days.

  According to the cultivation method of the present invention, it is possible to stably and quickly grow the herb, which is a crude drug raw material, and therefore a method for producing a substitute for a medicinal plant that is a crude drug raw material including imported mah, ganoderma, and hanger. Useful as.

Claims (7)

A method for cultivating a medicinal plant in which a seedling of a medicinal plant is planted in a sand medium having a pH of 6.5 to 10 and grown on the sand medium. The method for cultivating a medicinal plant according to claim 1, wherein the sand culture medium has an electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.05 mS / cm or less. The method for cultivating a medicinal plant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sand medium has an average particle size of 0.07 to 2.0 mm. The method for cultivating a medicinal plant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fertilization to the sand medium is performed by dropping liquid fertilizer. The liquid fertilizer in which at least the nitrogen component and the potassium component are each 1/2 to 1/8 of the standard garden trial prescription is fertilized at a rate of 0.3 to 0.8 L / day · m ² . A method for cultivating a medicinal plant according to item 1. A sand bed having a bed filled with a pH 6.5 to 10 sand medium; a liquid fertilizer tank and a diluent tank connected to the sand bed; a controller for controlling a flow rate of the liquid fertilizer tank and the diluent tank; A method for sand cultivation of medicinal plants using a cultivation system equipped with a microtube that supplies liquid fertilizer whose concentration is adjusted by flow control of a fertilizer tank and a diluent tank to a sand bed, and at a set time, The method for cultivating a medicinal plant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein liquid fertilizer is fed from the microtube. The method for cultivating a medicinal plant according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the medicinal plant is Ephedra sinica, Geranium thunbergii, or Pinellia ternata.