CN107409735A - Arid-desert area cotton trace irrigates liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method - Google Patents
Arid-desert area cotton trace irrigates liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107409735A CN107409735A CN201710806810.XA CN201710806810A CN107409735A CN 107409735 A CN107409735 A CN 107409735A CN 201710806810 A CN201710806810 A CN 201710806810A CN 107409735 A CN107409735 A CN 107409735A
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 210000003608 Feces Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 149
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003750 conditioning Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 claims description 70
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 phosphoric acid diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000001736 Capillaries Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000002024 Gossypium herbaceum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000004341 Gossypium herbaceum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001488 breeding Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 6
- VHOVSQVSAAQANU-UHFFFAOYSA-M Mepiquat chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+]1(C)CCCCC1 VHOVSQVSAAQANU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reduced Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M Monopotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002837 defoliant Substances 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108060002971 flz Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001217 Buttocks Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 240000000218 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000036536 Cave Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000410367 Clerodendrum thomsoniae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000289763 Dasygaster padockina Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061217 Infestation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010022114 Injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000488583 Panonychus ulmi Species 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 Skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 240000008529 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001409 amidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002363 herbicidal Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000749 insecticidal Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009114 investigational therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004301 light adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005630 polypropylene random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 wheat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
Abstract
The invention discloses arid-desert area cotton trace to irrigate liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method, and step is followed successively by：Selection of land, the setting of trace irrigation system, site preparation, seed selection, seed treatment, mulch sowing, field water-fertilizer conditioning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, chemical regulation, timely collecting, it is characterised in that：The core of the technology is cotton film-covering sowing, underground trace irrigates water-fertilizer integral, cotton root system within breeding time is set to be in the state for absorbing moisture and nutrient all the time, reduce surface evaporation simultaneously, liquid manure resource can be made rationally efficiently to utilize, field management includes pouring water, top dressing, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc., due to the present invention, liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method is irrigated using trace, in underground, root layer carries out water and fertilizer management, reduce surface evaporation simultaneously, nutrient loss, drastically increase liquid manure utilization ratio, 30%~40% can be improved than existing technology efficiency of water application, protect ecological environment, also it is effectively improved output of cotton simultaneously, reach the effect of Highly effective.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of crop cultivation methods, and in particular to a kind of arid-desert area cotton trace irrigates liquid manure one
Body efficient cultivation method, belongs to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Cotton is one of important majority fibers crop in the whole world, and as strategic materials, foot is lifted in the status in national economy
Weight.China is maximum Raw cotton production state, and maximum country of consumption, domestic cotton demand more than 10,000,000 tons, from
To rate only 70% or so, and this imbalance between supply and demand becomes increasingly conspicuous.In addition, by Cultivated Land Area Decrease, grain security, grain and cotton ratio
The factors such as valency influence, and Cotton in China area can not possibly increase substantially, the most serious is domestic cotton production because working in old cotton region
The factors such as cost height, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control difficulty, which cause cotton area, increasingly to be reduced, and greatly affected the safety of Cotton in China,
Therefore, cultivated area that is stable and expanding cotton is significant.
Cotton belongs to drought resisting, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, barren-resistant high resistance to cold and diseases crops, it is considered to be develops saline and alkaline nonirrigated farmland
" pioneer crop ".In soil of the salinity below 0.3%, cotton can normally emerge, grow.The saline and alkaline nonirrigated farmland of NORTHWEST CHINA
The regional rain heat same period, the clear and crisp days of autumn, soil richness potassium, there is the ecological condition of production high quality cotton, especially West Inner Mongolia, Ning Xiaxi
North, West Part of Gansu preferential species cotton region sunlight-heat reaources enrich, and cotton growth are especially suitable for, by as national standby cotton region.Meanwhile this
A little regional per capita areas of cultivated farmland are more, are adapted to cotton scale, mechanization production.
However, above-mentioned area category temperate zone arid-desert area, is typical continent type weather, dust storm is big, drought, sunshine
Abundance, evaporation capacity are big, saline Land.Along with agricultural production water resource is using not science, area's cotton planting is seriously restricted
Development.Trace irrigate be the development of current China agricultural water conservation new technology, practical proof, trace irrigates and more saved than drip irrigation technique
Water, agricultural water and saline Land are controlled, and can solve the blockage problem of drip irrigation well.Trace is irrigated because of its uniqueness
Technical advantage, have a wide range of applications, especially for intensive cultivation agricultural, badly regional drought-resistant agriculture provides pole to drought
Convenience, but trace irrigation technique has only been applied in industrialized agriculture, fruit and vegetable greenhouse so far, and it is waste in northwest drought
It can not yet be used on the cotton planting of Mo Qu crop fields, therefore, the suitable local area trace for groping complete set irrigates water-fertilizer integral height
The cultural method for imitating cotton planting is imperative.
The content of the invention
The present invention seeks to solve families in West-North Desert of China cotton anniversary water total amount to minimize water-saving efficient cultural method,
Irrigation water capacity is reduced to greatest extent, and implements liquid manure combination, is preserved the ecological environment, and establishes section filling moisturizing and fertilizer efficiently utilizes
Cotton culture technical system.
The present invention realizes in the following way：
Arid-desert area cotton trace irrigates liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method, including trace development of system (contains
Water source, the selection of water lift water facilities, the setting of underground piping, irrigation program formulate), site preparation, seed selection, seed treatment, overlay film
Pipe laying sowing, field water-fertilizer conditioning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, chemical regulation, timely collecting.It is characterized in that：The core of the technology is
Cotton film-covering sowing, the application of trace irrigation system, make the cotton state of root system all the time in water suction within breeding time, reduce simultaneously
Surface evaporation, water resources rational is set efficiently to utilize.
The arid-desert area cotton trace irrigates liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method, using following technical scheme：
Step 1：Choosing source：Selected depth is below 30m, a diameter of more than the 80cm of well head, the deep-well of abundant water.
Step 2：The selection of water lift supply equipment：
Water pump：According to the area in water supply plot, landform, cotton growing stage water requirement, immersible pump technical parameter (motor is selected
Power, lift, with flow etc.)
Fertilizer spreading tank：Fertilising tankage size is determined according to the area in plantation plot, landform, cotton growing stage fertilizer requirement.
Filter：It is Φ 60mm to select intake-outlet caliber, and recommendation flow is 20m3/ h centrifugation networking type filter.
Main pipeline selects：A diameter of Φ 60mm PPR tempreature bulbs.Quality should meet QB/T 2517 regulation.
Water supply hollow billet selects：Water dropper 100~200ml/h of water yield, 30~40cm of water dropper distance drip irrigation zone, drip irrigation zone matter
Amount should meet QB/T 2517 regulation.
Step 3：Plot selects：Selection soil layer is deep, the upper, plot of prepartion of land in loose, soil fertility.Preceding stubble is with small
Wheat, seeding corn and other crops are preferably.It is required that irrigation and drainage are convenient, concentrate contiguous plant；
Step 4：The setting of trace irrigation system：
Technical scheme 1：Laying pipeline operations, main water supply pipe and water supply hollow billet buried depth are carried out using pipeline pipe-laying trencher
For 30cm, water supply hollow billet line-spacing is 76cm (L2), water supply hollow billet top is in parallel with main water supply pipe, and water supply hollow billet tail end is in parallel even
Connect backwater main pipeline.Water pressure gauge is installed in main water supply pipe water outlet, water supply valve is installed at water pressure gauge water inlet pipe.
Or technical scheme 2：Laying pipeline operations are carried out using pipeline pipe-laying trencher, main pipeline and water supply hollow billet buried depth are
40cm, hollow billet line-spacing are 76cm (L2), water supply hollow billet top is in parallel with main water supply pipe, and water supply hollow billet tail end is connected in parallel backwater
Main pipeline.Water pressure gauge is installed in main water supply pipe water outlet, water supply valve is installed at water pressure gauge water inlet pipe.
The wherein setting principle of above-mentioned technical proposal：
(1) constantly kept the skin wet with minimum speed or nutrient solution, met needed for growth and development of plants.
(2) do not produce irrigation water underground leakage, do not produce the moisture evaporation of soil surface yet, ensure irrigation water substantially by
Plant absorption.
The selection gist of two kinds of technical schemes：
(1) factors such as soil types, quality, crumb structure are considered first.If soil types sand partially, soil capillary
Active force is small, then selection scheme 1；If soil types meta-alkalescence, soil capillarity power is big, then selection scheme 2.
(2) local agricultural production custom is secondly considered, if local agricultural production is got used to ploughing deeply deep ploughing, from side
Case 2；If get used to ploughing shallowly it is shallow it is outstanding if select scheme 1.
The determination foundation of pipe laying depth：
The determination of pipe laying depth will consider soil types, crop while moisture supply in crop growth period is ensured
Situations such as Root Distribution, depth is excessively shallow, is unfavorable for agricultural machinery operation, and the situation for having moisture to evapotranspire；Depth is too deep, is unfavorable for
Plant growth absorbs moisture early stage, influences crop growth.
Water supply hollow billet line-spacing basis of design：
The setting of water supply hollow billet line-spacing will determine that this programme cotton planting uses 2.05m width according to the planting patterns of crop
Broadly film, size line-spacing 66cm+10cm, spacing in the rows 9.0cm~11.5cm, banding triangle stay the plant of seedling to configure seeding method, therefore
Hollow billet line-spacing is set as 76cm.
The water yield foundation of water supply hollow billet：
The trace that this programme uses irrigates hollow billet water dropper and uses special duplicature filtered model, and water yield is set as 0-
200ml/h；The output according to needed for former years test data draws cotton field growth, the water yield of each water dropper of mean allocation, ensures
With very high WUEL while high crop yield is high-quality.
Step 5：Site preparation and fertilising：Winter carries out deep ploughing and turned over, and ploughing depth is advisable with 25~30cm.Also can enter prior to seeding
Row is ploughed deeply, with being sowed after rotary cultivator rotary tillage；Have irrigation conditions carries out autumn organic fertilizer, winter remittance ground, early spring with combining autumn ploughing
Ling Geng a kind of farm tools is pushed up, promotes soil-ripening, improves ground temperature, eliminates disease pest weeds.Prepartion of land will reach neat (edge of a field is neat), put down before broadcasting
The basic demand such as (grading), loose (top layer is loose), broken (table soil is in small, broken bits), net (field cleaning), wherein earth's surface residual film and cultivated
Residual broken film selecting rate in layer 10cm should be up to more than 75%；Soil moisture content will meet requirement of sowing and emerge.
Step 6：Applied fertilizers scientifically according to soil testing data, Fertilizer application should meet the regulation of the standards of NY/T 496.
With reference to soil fertility, rational application of fertilizers is actively carried out, the general autumn and winter plough deeply every hm2Farm manure 45000kg~60000kg is applied,
With reference to sowing per hm2Apply Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 300kg~450kg, urea 75kg~150kg, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 75kg~
150kg。
Step 7：Seed selects：
A. selection is precocious or mid-early maturity, high yield, high-quality cotton variety, seed want lint to be coated, and seed purity will reach
More than 99%, germination percentage will be more than 98%, and moisture content is less than 12%.Cotton seeds quality should meet GB 4407.1 regulation,
Seed lint performs with reference to NY 400 regulation.
B. mulch film selects：Thickness is selected not less than 0.008mm, width 2000~2050m white agricultural mulchings, ground film quality
GB 13735 regulation should be met；
Step 8：Sowing：
A. suitable date of seeding is determined according to the length in kind growth period and local frost-free period, in earth's surface 5cm depth soil layer ground temperature
Stable to be sowed at 12 DEG C, general sowing time is the first tenday period of a month in mid-April to May.
B. depth of planting：Depending on depth of planting is because of weather, edaphic condition, depth of planting is controlled in 2.5cm~3.0cm, is covered
Soil thickness l.0cm~1.5cm.
C. seeding method：Line-spacing is used as (66+10) cm (L1) cropping pattern, 270,000 plants/hm of thickness of sowing2, actual density
180000 plants/hm2More than.Overlay film, sowing, fertilizing integrated mechanical work.
Step 9：Field management：
A. seedling management (late April~early June)
Look into seedling, put seedling
After planting check in time, it is found that broadcast leakage, dew will reseed earthing immediately.Accomplish not put yellow sprout, no seedling injury, fine day
Put seedling grave mound, general morning 9 in time:00 former or afternoon 4:It is most appropriate that seedling is put after 00, forbids high temperature to put seedling, prevents from scalding
Seedling.Meet rain and abolish knotts clay in time, prevent from normally emerging.After cotton shows row, as found the ridge that is short of seedling, breaks, carry out in time
Vernalization is reseeded or sprout transplanting.
Thinning, final singling
The timely thinning of neat after seedling, stays strong sprout to go weak seedling, stays seedlings to remove seedling, stay strong seedling to go sick and weak seedling；According to density index
It is required that 1 plant~2 plants of seedling is stayed per cave, per hm2Number keep a full stand of seedings at 180,000~270,000 plants.
Tillage and weeding
With reference to thinning, weed out the rank grass；Intertillage is carried out with reference to final singling to loosen the soil and weeding；To be intertilled after meeting rain, abolish plate
Knot.
First time chemical regulation
Reasonable Regulation And Control is carried out with reference to cotton growing process, upgrowth situation and weather conditions, it then follows " early, light, diligent " applies because of seedling
The principle of tune, generally, (heart of 4 leaf 1) changes control once before and after final singling, per hm2With mepiquat chloride 0.003kg~0.006kg.
Water and fertilizer management
Seedling stage does not pour water typically, based on restraining the growth of seedlings promotion root system.Can foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.25kg/hm2~
3kg/hm2With zinc boron micro-fertilizer 0.75kg/hm2, the weak field of growing way, which can add, sprays urea 4.5kg/hm2。
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Pest and disease damage condition survey is carried out, prevents and treats the harm of the underground pests such as sprout term disease and cutworm, aphid in time.
B. flower bud phase management (mid-June~late June)
Tillage and weeding
Tillage and weeding is carried out in time, improves ground temperature, keeps moisture, mitigates Weed infestation；Also can be entered by herbicide spraying
Row weeding.
Second of chemical regulation
According to the reasonable chemical regulation of cotton growth situation, typically in mid or late June, the leaf of cotton 6~7 leaf, second is carried out
Secondaryization is controlled, mepiquat chloride 0.015kg/hm2~0.03kg/hm2, such as the cotton field that growing way is excessively prosperous, mepiquat chloride dosage can increase to
0.03kg/hm2~0.045kg/hm2。
Insect pest preventing and controlling
With reference to chemical regulation, insecticide (such as AVM buttocks worm amidine), keypoint control aphid can be sprayed.
Water and fertilizer management
Typically in mid-June, with reference to cotton field soil moisture content, start to pour water, while per hm2Urea 60kg~75kg is applied with water droplet,
Second of chemical regulation can be combined and carry out foliage spray, general application of phosphoric acid potassium dihydrogen 2.25kg/hm2~3kg/hm2, zinc boron is micro-
Fertile 0.75kg/hm2, the weak field of growing way, which can add, sprays urea 4.5kg/hm2。
C. flowering and boll-setting period management (early July~early September)
Third time chemical regulation
Flowering and boll-setting period carries out third timeization control, typically at the beginning of 7 months, sprays mepiquat chloride 0.0375kg/hm2~0.045kg/hm2,
The more prosperous cotton field of growing way, dosage can be increased to 0.0525kg/hm2~0.075kg/hm2。
Typically in early and middle ten dayses in July, 5d~7d is carried out after topping, sprays mepiquat chloride 0.075kg/hm for 4th change control2~
0.15kg/hm2。
Water and fertilizer management
Flowering and boll-setting period combines top dressing of pouring water, per hm2Urea 60kg~75kg is applied with water droplet.Third time chemistry can be combined simultaneously to adjust
Control foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4.5kg/hm2~7.5kg/hm2With zinc boron micro-fertilizer 0.75kg/hm2.Typically tied before the term of opening bolls
Beam is poured water.
Topping in time
By " branch to when not waiting, when to the branch such as not " principle, before July 5 topping terminate.Plant height control 70cm~
80cm.No marking rate is controlled within 2%.
Insect pest preventing and controlling
Check and grasp in time insect pest and dynamic occurs, when insect pest occurs, spray chemical control aphid and red spider in time.
D. blow-of-cottons period management (September early and middle ten dayses~late September)
Pull out weeds in field
Weeds in field is pulled out, beneficial to harvesting.
Spray defoliant
20d~30d before harvesting, spray low-residual, small, efficacy stability the defoliant of pollution and ripener.The blow-of-cottons of cotton
Rate starts to spray when reaching 40% or so, and 3d~5d daily minimal tcmperature should be >=12.5 DEG C before and after spray, and daily mean temperature is higher than
18 DEG C it is calm, without rain and without burning sun weather carry out.It is required that uniformly, drain spray, chance rain are not resprayed for sprinkling.
E. harvesting is (after late September)
Timely collecting
7d~10d after cotton boll blowing, can manually it be harvested in time, every 7d~10d harvestings once.Mechanical harvesting cotton
Field, disleave rate is needed to reach more than 90%, blow-of-cottons rate reaches more than 95%, can carry out mechanized harvesting.
Harvest index
Net picking rate is up to more than 95%, and total loss rate is less than 4%, and percentage of impurity is less than 10%.
Arid-desert area cotton trace of the present invention irrigates liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method, is mainly covering under-film drip irrigation
On the basis of cultivation technique mode, using trace irrigation method, in underground, root layer carries out water and fertilizer management, while reduces earth's surface steaming
Hair, nutrient loss, drastically increase liquid manure utilization ratio, saving water resource, protect ecological environment.By the cultivation of the present invention
Method is compared with using existing under-film drip irrigation water-fertilizer integral cultivation technique, as a result as shown in table 1.
Table 1 irrigates liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method and existing drip irrigation under film ratio using the cotton trace of the present invention
Compared with table
The result of table 1 shows：The cultural method of the present invention is compared with using existing Mulch Drip Irrigation, in famine
Unconcerned arid area, using cotton trace irrigate liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method plant cotton, have improve efficiency of water application,
The effect of saving water resource, output of cotton is more slightly higher than routine techniques, and efficiency of water application can improve 30%~40%.
The difference of trace drip irrigation and under-film drip irrigation
(1) economize on water saving of labor
Compared with drip irrigation technique, trace irrigation technique can economize on water 40%-60%.While water saving, the crop not underproduction.As just
Really operation, crop have volume increase trend.Trace irrigation system power based on capillary force, it is the permanent stable water supply of plant, and
Gravity can be coordinated to adjust output as needed, realize automatic irrigation.
(2) never block
Trace irrigation technique controls head uniqueness membrane filtration mode to iirigation water source completion automatic fitration by it, as long as there is abundance
Water source, system just can automatic stabilisation work, application method is simple, need not more clear up pipeline, can exempt pipeline it is physical, change
The evil of the property learned and biological blocking.
(3) water source wide adaptability, layout of beam line are simple
By the special construction of control head, trace irrigation water can be used without filtering.The integrated system of trace irrigation conduit
Capillary need to only be connected and can complete to lay by system, and layout of beam line is greatly simplified.
(4) irrigated area earth's surface is dried, and weeds occurrence degree significantly reduces
Trace irrigate have the characteristics that it is local, uniform, persistently irrigate on a small quantity, the pipeline integrated system for being embedded in underground is completed
While irrigation task, the degree of drying of earth's surface is greatly ensure that, effectively reduces the generation of earth's surface weeds.Air humidity
Reducing the generation to disease has certain inhibitory action.
(5) cover crop coring, soil erosion is reduced
Trace irrigation technique can be automatically according to soil parameters, and the micro irrigation that control effectively not only protects work
Thing coring, and avoid drip irrigation etc. and native table is directly washed away with water, reduce soil erosion.
2nd, the reason for can economizing on water, while realizing product high quality
(1) crop production now uses drip irrigation under film mostly, is the most obvious side of water-saving result in existing water-saving technology
One of formula.But at the same time also have and easily block, there must be the technical disadvantages such as emergence water, field complex operation.Trace irrigation technique
It is novel water-saving irrigation technique, its principle is by the way that capillary force is theoretical, modern membrane filtration technique, realizes phytoremediation and needs between water
Balance, so as to reduce the evaporation of irrigation water and its filter loss, and its unique filter type, can prevent pipeline from blocking up
Plug, has reached the effect saved water and energy.
(2) trace irrigation technique will not cause soil hardening, general salty phenomenon as drip irrigation, and irrigation water and nutrient are logical
The control head crossed on trace irrigation pipe, by suitable quantity of water supply crop root layer soil, make liquid manure in crop root layer soil on
Under in length and breadth slowly diffusion, the crumb structure of soil will not be destroyed, the aeration of soil is enhanced, promote microbial activities, and
Lure the flourishing growth of crop fibrous root into, abundance absorbs nutrient.Along with irrigated area earth's surface is dried, weeds occurrence degree significantly drops
It is low.So that underground part can be under suitable growth conditions with overground part in crop growth period, reach the effect of high yield and high quality.
Cultural method of the present invention is had the advantages that compared with using existing Mulch Drip Irrigation：
(1) arid-desert area cotton trace of the invention irrigates liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method, due to using on ground
Irrigated between lower root system and same period fertilising, required moisture, Nutrient Absorption, can significantly improve cotton growth during beneficial to plant growth
Environment；
(2) irrigated using in underground trace, reduce surface evaporation, nutrient loss, drastically increase liquid manure utilization ratio,
Saving water resource, protect ecological environment；
(3) research shows, arid-desert area cotton trace is irrigated liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method and can effectively improved
Arid-desert area output of cotton, reach the effect of Highly effective.
Arid-desert area cotton trace of the present invention irrigates liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method, is a set of be adapted to northern dry
Non-irrigated Desert Regions plant cotton Highly effective cultivation technique, in West Inner Mongolia cotton production areas, practical application is promoted, can per per mu yield
Reach 453kg or so, per per mu yield than under-film drip irrigation increase by 11.85%, use of the invention is advantageous to the raising of output of cotton,
The saving of water resource, greatly alleviate grain security and ecological environment problem that shortage of water resources is brought.
Accompanying drawing summary description
Fig. 1 arid-desert areas cotton trace irrigates liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method field irrigation system arrangement schematic diagram
The water pressure gauge of 1 well, 2 water pump, 3 main water supply pipe, 4 water supply hollow billet, 5 cotton plant, 6 water return pipeline, 7 discharging valve 8
Embodiment
The present invention limit by following embodiments, can technique according to the invention scheme and actual conditions determine specifically
Embodiment.
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described：
Embodiment 1：Liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method is irrigated using arid-desert area cotton trace, entered in the steps below
OK：The first step, site preparation and fertilising；Second step, trace irrigation system set and formulated irrigation program；3rd step, mulch sowing；The
Four steps, seedling management；5th step, chemical regulation.
As illustrated, the trace irrigation system of the example 1 is set, including well 1, water pump 2, main water supply pipe 3, water supply
Hollow billet 4, water return pipeline 6, Draw off valve 7, water pressure gauge 8.Characterized in that, carry out laying pipeline work using pipeline pipe-laying trencher
Industry, main water supply pipe 3 and the buried depth of water supply hollow billet 4 are 30cm, and the line-spacing of water supply hollow billet 4 is 76cm (L2), i.e., in two row cotton plants 5
Portion, the top of water supply hollow billet 4 is in parallel with main water supply pipe 3, and the tail end of water supply hollow billet 4 is parallel-connected to water return pipeline 6.In main-supply
The water outlet installation water pressure gauge 8 of road 3, installs Draw off valve 7 at the water inlet pipe of water pressure gauge 8.(micropore is provided with water supply hollow billet,
Micropore is provided with double medium filtration film)
Irrigation program is formulated, irrigation period terminates since squaring period to the term of opening bolls, and growth period irrigation quantity is 3315m3/
hm2；Poured water top dressing in flower bud phase and flowering and boll-setting period simultaneously, fertilizer type is urea, phosphoric acid diamines；Fertilising is respectively 150kg/hm2、
45kg/hm2。
Embodiment 2：Liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method is irrigated using arid-desert area cotton trace, entered in the steps below
OK：The first step, site preparation and fertilising；Second step, lay droping irrigating pipe and formulate irrigation program；3rd step, mulch sowing；4th
Step, seedling management；5th step, chemical regulation.
The trace irrigation system of the example 2 is set, including well 1, water pump 2, main water supply pipe 3, water supply hollow billet 4, is returned
Waterpipe 6, Draw off valve 7, water pressure gauge 8.Characterized in that, laying pipeline operations, main confession are carried out using pipeline pipe-laying trencher
Waterpipe 3 and the buried depth of water supply hollow billet 4 are 40cm, and the line-spacing of water supply hollow billet 4 is 76cm (L2), i.e., in the middle part of two row cotton plant 5, water supply hair
The top of pipe 4 is in parallel with main water supply pipe 3, and the tail end of water supply hollow billet 4 is parallel-connected to water return pipeline 6.In the delivery port of main water supply pipe 3
Place's installation water pressure gauge 8, installs Draw off valve 7 at the water inlet pipe of water pressure gauge 8.
Irrigation program is formulated, irrigation period terminates since squaring period to the term of opening bolls, and growth period irrigation quantity is 3615m3/
hm2；Poured water top dressing in flower bud phase and flowering and boll-setting period simultaneously, fertilizer type is urea, phosphoric acid diamines；Fertilising is respectively 150kg/hm2、
45kg/hm2。
To use the cotton of under-film drip irrigation general planting method plantation as a control group, with according to the above embodiment of the present invention
Described arid-desert area cotton trace irrigates the cotton of liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method plantation as test group, to control
The term of opening bolls, Single boll weight and Bolls per plant in group and test group planting process are investigated, the investigation correction data such as institute of table 2
Show, the cotton planting place of control group and test group is Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Ejina Banner east wind town, and cotton variety is：Middle cotton
No. 92.
Table 2：Liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method and existing drip irrigation under film are irrigated using the cotton trace of the present invention
Contrast table
Technical characteristic above constitutes embodiments of the invention, and it has stronger adaptability and implementation result, the neck
The technical staff in domain can determine trace irrigation pipe buried depth degree according to various regions cotton growth and physical signs, actual conditions and condition
And irrigation program is formulated, some nonessential modifications and adaptations are done to the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. arid-desert area cotton trace irrigates liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method, including step is followed successively by：Selection of land, trace fill
Irrigate system setting, site preparation, seed selection, seed treatment, mulch sowing, field water-fertilizer conditioning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, chemical regulation, in good time
Harvesting；It is characterized in that the trace irrigation system is set and water and fertilizer management mode is：
Embodiment：Including well (1), water pump (2), main water supply pipe (3), water supply hollow billet (4), water return pipeline (6), discharging valve
Door (7), water pressure gauge (8), main water supply pipe (3) and water supply hollow billet (4) buried depth are 30cm, and water supply hollow billet (4) line-spacing is 76cm, i.e.,
In the middle part of two row cotton plants (5), water supply hollow billet (4) top is in parallel with main water supply pipe (3), and water supply hollow billet (4) tail end is connected in parallel
To water return pipeline (6), in the water outlet of main water supply pipe 3 installation water pressure gauge (8), install and discharge water at water pressure gauge (8) water inlet pipe
Valve (7)；
Water and fertilizer management：Irrigation period terminates, 24h uninterruptedly supplies water, and total irrigation quantity is initial stage since squaring period to blow-of-cottons
3315m3/hm2, while poured water top dressing in flower bud phase and flowering and boll-setting period, fertilizer type is urea, phosphoric acid diamines, and fertilising is respectively 150kg/
hm2、45kg/hm2；
The seeding method of cotton：Line-spacing is used as (66+10) cm, the cropping pattern that spacing in the rows is 10cm, 270,000 plants of thickness of sowing/
hm2, 180,000 plants/hm of actual density2More than, overlay film, sowing, fertilizing integrated mechanical work；Sowing time：In the deep soil of earth's surface 5cm
Layer ground temperature is stable can be sowed at 12 DEG C, and general sowing time is the first tenday period of a month in mid-April to May；Depth of planting：Depth of planting is because of gas
Wait, depending on edaphic condition, control in 2.5cm~3.0cm, thickness of earth covering l.0cm~1.5cm.
2. arid-desert area cotton trace irrigates liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method according to claim 1, wherein main confession
Waterpipe (3) and water supply hollow billet (4) buried depth are 40cm, line-spacing 76cm, i.e., at the middle part of two row cotton plant 5；
Water and fertilizer management：Irrigation period terminates, 24h uninterruptedly supplies water, total irrigation quantity initial stage since before squaring period 5 days to blow-of-cottons
For 3615m3/hm2, while poured water top dressing in flower bud phase and flowering and boll-setting period, fertilizer type is urea, phosphoric acid diamines, and fertilising is respectively
150kg/hm2、45kg/hm2。
3. arid-desert area cotton trace according to claim 1 or claim 2 irrigates liquid manure integrated high-efficiency cultural method, its feature
It is that capillary selects water dropper 100~200ml/h of water yield, 30~40cm of water dropper distance drip irrigation zone, drip irrigation zone quality should accord with
Close QB/T 2517 regulation.
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| CN108243860A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-06 | 芜湖飞高农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for improving the yield of watermelon |
| CN109937809A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-06-28 | 和县绿源蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | A kind of self-loopa feed formula method for growing vegetables |
| CN110366925A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-25 | 山东胜伟盐碱地科技有限公司 | A kind of water-fertilizer integrated intelligent trace irrigation system |
| CN112028708A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-12-04 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Compound fertilizer for removing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber soil, preparation method thereof, diversity fertilization method and method for removing continuous cropping obstacles |
| CN112273179A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-29 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Cotton planting method for efficiently utilizing water and fertilizer in cooperation with drought region |
| CN112293101A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-02-02 | 浙江江山如画农业科技有限公司 | Independent irrigation type planting shed planting system |
| CN112293107A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-02-02 | 浙江江山如画农业科技有限公司 | Ecological agriculture planting system with oxygenating type irrigation pipe network |
| CN112602509A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-04-06 | 浙江江山如画农业科技有限公司 | Water-saving irrigation type planting shed planting system |
| CN112602510A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-04-06 | 浙江江山如画农业科技有限公司 | Ecological agriculture planting system capable of giving alarm without water |
| CN114557251A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-05-31 | 新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所 | Cotton film-free drip irrigation cultivation method |
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| CN108243860A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-06 | 芜湖飞高农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for improving the yield of watermelon |
| CN109937809A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-06-28 | 和县绿源蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | A kind of self-loopa feed formula method for growing vegetables |
| CN110366925A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-25 | 山东胜伟盐碱地科技有限公司 | A kind of water-fertilizer integrated intelligent trace irrigation system |
| CN112028708A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-12-04 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Compound fertilizer for removing continuous cropping obstacles of cucumber soil, preparation method thereof, diversity fertilization method and method for removing continuous cropping obstacles |
| CN112273179A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-29 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Cotton planting method for efficiently utilizing water and fertilizer in cooperation with drought region |
| CN112293101A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-02-02 | 浙江江山如画农业科技有限公司 | Independent irrigation type planting shed planting system |
| CN112293107A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-02-02 | 浙江江山如画农业科技有限公司 | Ecological agriculture planting system with oxygenating type irrigation pipe network |
| CN112602509A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-04-06 | 浙江江山如画农业科技有限公司 | Water-saving irrigation type planting shed planting system |
| CN112602510A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-04-06 | 浙江江山如画农业科技有限公司 | Ecological agriculture planting system capable of giving alarm without water |
| CN112293107B (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-06-24 | 浙江江山如画农业科技有限公司 | Ecological agriculture planting system with oxygenating type irrigation pipe network |
| CN114557251A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-05-31 | 新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所 | Cotton film-free drip irrigation cultivation method |
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