CN108156922B - Identification method and identification system for suitability of crop aerated irrigation - Google Patents
Identification method and identification system for suitability of crop aerated irrigation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108156922B CN108156922B CN201810031043.4A CN201810031043A CN108156922B CN 108156922 B CN108156922 B CN 108156922B CN 201810031043 A CN201810031043 A CN 201810031043A CN 108156922 B CN108156922 B CN 108156922B
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- control sample
- cultivation
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- irrigation
- cultivation barrel
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for identifying suitability of crop aerated irrigation, which comprises the steps of setting at least three control samples, cultivating a first control sample in low-volume heavy soil, cultivating a second control sample and a third control sample in high-volume heavy soil, and introducing air into the third control sample; introducing air into the third control sample, which can be compared with the second control sample, and culturing crops in the same other external environments by the three control samples; weighing after culturing for a set time to obtain the yield reduction amplitude of the second control sample relative to the first control sample and the yield increase amplitude of the third control sample relative to the second control sample; and obtaining a sensitivity index according to the yield reduction amplitude and the yield increase amplitude. According to the method, the second control sample is compared with the first control sample and the third control sample respectively, and the two comparison results are combined, so that a more accurate and reliable judgment result can be obtained. The invention also provides a system for identifying the suitability of the crop for air-entrapping irrigation, which can achieve the same technical effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and further relates to a method for identifying suitability of crop aeration irrigation. In addition, the invention also relates to a system for identifying the suitability of the air-entrapping irrigation of crops.
Background
The aerated irrigation or the aeration irrigation is a research hot spot of the current water-saving irrigation technology, is a novel technology for increasing the yield by integrating application of water and fertilizer, and is a technology for reducing the evaporation and water saving by underground drip irrigation, fully utilizes a water and fertilizer interaction water-saving yield increasing mechanism, further optimizes the soil gas environment, and realizes further water saving yield increase and quality improvement.
However, the method is still in an exploration stage at present, tests are mainly carried out on a few crops, the effect response of different crops on the air-entrapping irrigation is quite different, the influence factors are quite complex, and a crop can clearly determine the effect of the air-entrapping irrigation through a large number of multi-point tests.
It is a technical problem that needs to be solved at present for a person skilled in the art how to quickly and accurately identify the effect of aerated irrigation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a system for identifying suitability of crop air-entraining irrigation, which can effectively and accurately obtain the relationship between crop yield and air, and the specific scheme is as follows:
the method for identifying the suitability of the aerated irrigation of the crops comprises the steps of setting at least three control samples, cultivating a first control sample in low-volume heavy soil, cultivating a second control sample and a third control sample in high-volume heavy soil, and introducing air into the third control sample; three control samples were incubated with the same other external environment;
weighing after culturing for a set time to obtain the yield reduction amplitude of the second control sample relative to the first control sample and the yield increase amplitude of the third control sample relative to the second control sample;
and obtaining a sensitivity index according to the yield reduction amplitude and the yield increase amplitude.
Optionally, the sensitivity index is a sum of the yield reduction amplitude and the yield increase amplitude.
Optionally, the calculation formula of the sensitivity index is:
SI＝+＝M C /M B -M B /M A
wherein: SI is a sensitivity index, M A For the calculated weight of crop in the first control sample, M B For the calculated weight of crop in the second control sample, M C Calculated weight for crop in the third control sample.
Optionally, the calculated weight is the dry mass, fresh mass or growth of the crop.
The invention also provides a crop aerated irrigation suitability identification system, which comprises at least three cultivation containers, wherein low-volume and heavy soil is placed in a first cultivation barrel, and high Rong Chongtu is placed in a second cultivation barrel and a third cultivation barrel; an air breather is arranged in the third cultivation barrel, and the air breather is used for conveying air to the third cultivation barrel;
drip irrigation pipes are respectively arranged in the first cultivation barrel, the second cultivation barrel and the third cultivation barrel, the drip irrigation pipes are communicated with a water conveying pipeline, and the water conveying pipeline irrigates the first cultivation barrel, the second cultivation barrel and the third cultivation barrel through a water pump.
Optionally, the ventilation device comprises a gas transmission pipeline, an air pump is arranged on the gas transmission pipeline, the air pump inputs air into the third cultivation barrel, and a ventilation valve for controlling on-off of air flow is arranged on the gas transmission pipeline.
Optionally, the gas transmission pipeline is communicated with the water transmission pipeline, the gas pump is a nano gas pump, and micro bubbles are input into the water transmission pipeline through the gas transmission pipeline.
Optionally, the air pump controls the ventilation time by a control module; the control module controls the on-off of the ventilation valve.
Optionally, a tensiometer is arranged in the first cultivation barrel and/or the second cultivation barrel and/or the third cultivation barrel, and the water adding amount of the first cultivation barrel, the second cultivation barrel and the third cultivation barrel is controlled according to the detection result of the tensiometer.
Optionally, the water inlet pipes of the first cultivation barrel, the second cultivation barrel and the third cultivation barrel are respectively provided with a switch valve, and the tensiometers respectively arranged in the first cultivation barrel, the second cultivation barrel and the third cultivation barrel control the switch valves corresponding to the tensiometers.
The invention provides a method for identifying suitability of crop aerated irrigation, which comprises the steps of setting at least three control samples, cultivating a first control sample in low-volume heavy soil, cultivating a second control sample and a third control sample in high-volume heavy soil, and introducing air into the third control sample; the gap of the low-volume heavy soil is larger, the aeration effect is better, the gap of the high Rong Chongtu soil is smaller, the aeration effect is poor, but air is introduced into a third control sample, the third control sample can be compared with a second control sample, and the three control samples culture crops in the same other external environments; weighing after culturing for a set time to obtain the yield reduction amplitude of the second control sample relative to the first control sample and the yield increase amplitude of the third control sample relative to the second control sample; and obtaining a sensitivity index according to the yield reduction amplitude and the yield increase amplitude. According to the method, the second control sample is compared with the first control sample and the third control sample respectively, and the two comparison results are combined, so that a more accurate and reliable judgment result can be obtained.
The invention also provides a crop aerated irrigation suitability identification system, which comprises at least three cultivation containers, wherein low-volume and heavy soil is placed in a first cultivation barrel, and high Rong Chongtu is placed in a second cultivation barrel and a third cultivation barrel; an air breather is arranged in the third cultivation barrel, and air is conveyed to the third cultivation barrel by the air breather; drip irrigation pipes are respectively arranged in the first cultivation barrel, the second cultivation barrel and the third cultivation barrel and are communicated with a water conveying pipeline, and the water conveying pipeline irrigates the first cultivation barrel, the second cultivation barrel and the third cultivation barrel through a water pump so as to ensure that the three cultivation barrels keep enough humidity. The system can realize the identification method and achieve the same technical effect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for identifying suitability of crop aerated irrigation.
The drawings include:
the first cultivation barrel 1, the second cultivation barrel 2, the third cultivation barrel 3, the drip irrigation pipe 4, the water delivery pipeline 5, the water pump 51, the air delivery pipeline 6, the air pump 61, the air valve 62 and the tensiometer 7.
Detailed Description
The core of the invention is to provide a method for identifying the suitability of the air-entraining irrigation of crops, which can effectively and accurately obtain the relationship between the crop yield and the air.
In order to make the technical scheme of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments, in which the method for identifying suitability of air-entraining irrigation of crops and the system for identifying suitability of air-entraining irrigation of crops are described.
According to the method for identifying the suitability of the crop aerated irrigation, at least three control samples are arranged, the same type of crop is planted in the three control samples according to the same density, the first control sample is cultivated in low-volume-weight soil, the second control sample and the third control sample are cultivated in high-volume-weight soil, the soil in the three control samples is only different in volume weight, namely the compaction degree of the soil is different, the soil of the low-volume-weight soil is loose, the soil of the high-volume-weight soil is more compact, and the volume weights of the soil in the second control sample and the soil in the third control sample are equal.
Introducing air into the third control sample, wherein the aeration condition of the third control sample relative to the second control sample is better under the condition that the volume weights are equal; the three control samples were incubated with the same other external environment and maintained at the same conditions of temperature and humidity. Weighing after the set time of cultivation, culturing common vegetables for about 60 days, and obtaining the yield reduction amplitude of the second control sample relative to the first control sample and the yield increase amplitude of the third control sample relative to the second control sample after the crops are ripe; and obtaining a sensitivity index according to the yield reduction amplitude and the yield increase amplitude.
The invention sets three control samples, which is equivalent to two control tests, wherein the first control test is to compare the first control sample with the second control sample, the second control test is to compare the second control sample with the third control sample, and under the general condition, the better the ventilation condition, the higher the yield of the mature crop is, so that the yield of the second control sample is generally lower than that of the first control sample, the yield of the third control sample is higher than that of the second control sample, and the sensitivity index is obtained according to the corresponding yield reduction amplitude and yield increase amplitude; the first control test influences the aeration effect of crops by the soil loosening degree, and the second control test influences the aeration effect of crops by actively conveying gas. Other conditions of the two control tests are the same, only the ventilation conditions are different, the influence of gas on the crop yield can be accurately obtained, the yield reduction amplitude and the yield increase amplitude are considered, the influence degree of air is accurately estimated comprehensively, and the influence degree of the ventilation conditions on various crops or other plants can be conveniently, rapidly and accurately judged.
If necessary, multiple groups of repeated tests can be simultaneously carried out on the same crop, namely six or nine control samples are arranged, each three control samples are a group, the conditions of each group are kept the same, the two or three tests are simultaneously carried out, the results of each group are compared and analyzed, and the average value is obtained, so that more accurate results can be obtained.
Based on the scheme, the sensitivity index in the invention is the sum of the yield reduction amplitude and the yield increase amplitude.
Specifically, the calculation formula of the sensitivity index is:
SI＝(1-M B /M A )+(M C /M B -1)＝M C /M B -M B /M A
wherein: SI is a sensitivity index, M A For the calculated weight of crop in the first control sample, M B For the calculated weight of crop in the second control sample, M C Calculated weight for crop in the third control sample.
The calculated weight is any one of the dry mass, fresh mass or growth amount of the crops, and the calculated weights in the three groups of control samples are selected from the same control amount, for example, all calculated by taking the fresh mass as a reference. The dry mass is the mass of the crop after the moisture is removed by drying; the fresh quality is the total quality of crops; the growth amount is the mass difference between the crops after and before cultivation, and is suitable for tomato and other plant crops.
The invention also provides a system for identifying the suitability of the crop in the air-entrapping irrigation, which is shown in the figure 1 and is a schematic structural diagram of the system; the cultivation method comprises at least three cultivation containers, wherein low-volume-weight soil is placed in a first cultivation barrel 1, and high-volume-weight soil is placed in a second cultivation barrel 2 and a third cultivation barrel 3; the soil in the three cultivation barrels only has different volume weights, namely the densities of the soil are different, the soil with low volume weight is loose, the ventilation condition is good, the soil with high volume weight is more compact, the ventilation condition is relatively poor, and the volume weights of the soil in the second cultivation barrel 2 and the soil in the third cultivation barrel 3 are equal. After sufficient base fertilizer is applied in each cultivation barrel, additional fertilizer is not needed, so that the test degree is simplified.
The third cultivation barrel 3 is provided with a ventilation device, and the ventilation device conveys air to the third cultivation barrel 3, so that the ventilation condition of the third cultivation barrel 3 is better than that of the second cultivation barrel 2. Drip irrigation pipes 4 are respectively arranged in the first cultivation barrel 1, the second cultivation barrel 2 and the third cultivation barrel 3, the drip irrigation pipes 4 are vertically arranged in the cultivation barrels, the top of each drip irrigation pipe is 5cm away from the soil surface, water seeps into the soil, the bottoms of the drip irrigation pipes 4 are communicated with a water conveying pipeline 5, and the water conveying pipeline 5 irrigates the first cultivation barrel 1, the second cultivation barrel 2 and the third cultivation barrel 3 through a water pump 51, so that the cultivation barrels keep the same humidity environment. Through holes are formed in the bottoms of the cultivation barrels, the drip irrigation pipe 4 is inserted into the rubber plug, and the rubber plug is plugged into the bottom of the cultivation barrel 1, so that the soil is prevented from flowing downwards.
Every three cultivation barrels are a group, a plurality of groups can be arranged, each crop is planted in each group of cultivation barrels according to the same density, and a plurality of different crops are tested simultaneously; multiple groups of different control groups can be arranged on the same kind of crops, and then comprehensive calculation and analysis are performed to obtain more accurate results.
Specifically, the ventilation device comprises a gas transmission pipeline 6, an air pump 61 is arranged on the gas transmission pipeline 6, the air pump 61 inputs air into the third cultivation barrel 3, a ventilation valve 62 is arranged on the gas transmission pipeline 6, and the ventilation valve 62 controls the on-off of air flow and the quantity of the air transmitted to the third cultivation barrel 3.
The air transmission pipeline 6 is communicated with the water transmission pipeline 5, the air pump 61 is a nano air pump, tiny air bubbles are input into the water transmission pipeline 5 by the air transmission pipeline 6, air conveyed into the third cultivation barrel 3 is mixed in water, the air bubbles enter the third cultivation barrel 3 along with water flow from the drip irrigation pipe 4, an air supply structure does not need to be independently arranged, and the integral structure of the system is simplified. The air pipeline 6 can also be independently arranged, and an air breather is arranged in each cultivation barrel.
The air pump 61 is controlled by the control module to vent for a preset time, and is automatically closed after each venting; the ventilation valve 62 is an electric control valve, the control module controls the on-off of the ventilation valve 62 arranged on the gas transmission pipeline 6, and the gas transmission is automatically controlled without manual opening and closing.
A tensiometer 7 is arranged in the first cultivation barrel 1 and/or the second cultivation barrel 2 and/or the third cultivation barrel 3, and the water adding amount of the first cultivation barrel 1, the second cultivation barrel 2 and the third cultivation barrel 3 is controlled according to the detection result of the tensiometer 7. For example, the water pump 51 is started when the soil water potential reaches-30 Kpa, drip irrigation is performed to each cultivation bucket through the drip irrigation pipe 4, and irrigation is stopped when the water potential reaches-10 Kpa after irrigation; the detected value of the tensiometer 7 can be transmitted to a control module through a communication line, and the control module controls the operation of the water pump 51.
In order to accurately control the humidity in each cultivation barrel, switch valves are respectively arranged at the water inlet pipes of the first cultivation barrel 1, the second cultivation barrel 2 and the third cultivation barrel 3, and tension meters 7 respectively arranged in the first cultivation barrel 1, the second cultivation barrel 2 and the third cultivation barrel 3 control the switch valves corresponding to the tension meters, so that the humidity in each cultivation barrel is independently controlled. For example, when the soil water potential in the first cultivation barrels 1 reaches-30 Kpa, the water pump 51 is started, meanwhile, the on-off valve is opened, drip irrigation is carried out on each first cultivation barrel 1 through the drip irrigation pipe 4, and when the water potential reaches-10 Kpa after irrigation, the irrigation is stopped, and the on-off valve corresponding to the first cultivation barrel 1 is closed; while continuing to supply water to the other cultivation tanks until the water potential reaches-10 Kpa after irrigation in each cultivation tank, the water pump 51 is turned off. In addition, a main valve may be provided in the main pipeline of the water pipe 5, and one main valve may control whether the whole is supplied with water.
In addition, the water delivery pipeline 5 can be provided with a filter, a water meter and other structures, water output by the water pump 51 is filtered by the filter, and the water delivery quantity is measured by the water meter; a pressure gauge may also be provided on the gas line 6 to monitor the gas pressure in the gas line.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The method is characterized in that at least three control samples are arranged, a first control sample is cultivated in low-volume-weight soil, a second control sample and a third control sample are cultivated in high-volume-weight soil, and air is introduced into the third control sample; three control samples were incubated with the same other external environment;
weighing after culturing for a set time to obtain the yield reduction amplitude of the second control sample relative to the first control sample and the yield increase amplitude of the third control sample relative to the second control sample;
and obtaining a sensitivity index according to the yield reduction amplitude and the yield increase amplitude.
2. The method for identifying suitability for aerated irrigation of crops of claim 1, wherein the sensitivity index is a sum of the yield reduction magnitude and the yield increase magnitude.
3. The method for identifying suitability of crop aerated irrigation as claimed in claim 2, wherein the sensitivity index is calculated by the formula:
SI=（1-M B /M A ）+（M C /M B -1）=M C /M B -M B /M A
wherein: SI is a sensitivity index, M A For the calculated weight of crop in the first control sample, M B For the calculated weight of crop in the second control sample, M C Calculated weight for crop in the third control sample.
4. A method of identifying suitability for aerated irrigation of a crop as claimed in claim 3, wherein the calculated weight is the dry mass, fresh mass or growth of the crop.
5. A crop aerated irrigation suitability identification system, applying the crop aerated irrigation suitability identification method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising at least three cultivation containers, a first cultivation barrel (1) being placed with low-volume heavy soil, a second cultivation barrel (2) and a third cultivation barrel (3) being placed with high Rong Chongtu; an air breather is arranged in the third cultivation barrel (3), and the air breather is used for conveying air to the third cultivation barrel (3);
drip irrigation pipes (4) are respectively arranged in the first cultivation barrel (1), the second cultivation barrel (2) and the third cultivation barrel (3), the drip irrigation pipes (4) are communicated with a water conveying pipeline (5), and the water conveying pipeline (5) irrigates the first cultivation barrel (1), the second cultivation barrel (2) and the third cultivation barrel (3) through a water pump (51).
6. The identification system for suitability of crop aeration and irrigation according to claim 5, wherein the ventilation device comprises a gas transmission pipeline (6), an air pump (61) is arranged on the gas transmission pipeline (6), the air pump (61) inputs air into the third cultivation bucket (3), and a ventilation valve (62) for controlling on-off of air flow is arranged on the gas transmission pipeline (6).
7. The identification system for suitability of crop aeration and irrigation according to claim 6, wherein the gas transmission pipeline (6) is communicated with the water transmission pipeline (5), the gas pump (61) is a nano gas pump, and tiny bubbles are input into the water transmission pipeline (5) through the gas transmission pipeline (6).
8. The system for identifying suitability of a crop for aerated irrigation of claim 7, wherein the air pump (61) is controlled by a control module for aeration time; the control module controls the on-off of the vent valve (62).
9. The system for identifying suitability of crop aeration and irrigation according to claim 7, wherein a tensiometer (7) is arranged in the first cultivation bucket (1), the second cultivation bucket (2) and/or the third cultivation bucket (3), and the water adding amount of the first cultivation bucket (1), the second cultivation bucket (2) and the third cultivation bucket (3) is controlled according to the detection result of the tensiometer (7).
10. The identification system for suitability of crop aeration and irrigation according to claim 9, wherein on-off valves are respectively arranged at water inlet pipes of the first cultivation barrel (1), the second cultivation barrel (2) and the third cultivation barrel (3), and the tensiometers (7) respectively arranged in the first cultivation barrel (1), the second cultivation barrel (2) and the third cultivation barrel (3) control the on-off valves corresponding to the on-off valves.
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