JP2012120523A - Method and apparatus for controlling environment of underground rooting zone of crop through forcible water and air flow and drainage - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an underground environment controlling technology enabling low-cost and labor-saving high profitability in order to improve agricultural production.SOLUTION: An overall soil environment controlling apparatus which combines a method of simplified forcible water and air flow and forcible drainage of soil, a method for agricultural labor-saving type rooting zone soil environment control, and methods and apparatuses of forcible water and air flow and microbubble supply to rooting zone soil, drainage of a rooting zone in an over-humidity state, and soil disease and insect pest prevention, and handles many works by one system is provided.

Description

  The present invention aims to dramatically improve the yield and quality of crops by forced supply of air (oxygen), water and culture solution, and microbubbles in the rhizosphere soil of the field. The present invention relates to the prevention of moisture damage by forced drainage of the rhizosphere soil layer of the field due to the flooding and the control of soil pests and suffocation.

  Soil aeration technologies include deep plowing (hello), deep plowing rotors, which increase the water permeability by crushing subsoils, aggregating the soil and sending air into the soil to improve the rhizosphere environment of the crops. Technology to deeply cultivate trenchers, subsoilers, etc. and technology to pierce the soil layer and infuse air and fertilizer nutrients to the deep layer, both of which aim to deeply cultivate the soil layer and supply air to the deep layer It is a thing. Therefore, it is carried out as part of “soil making” together with soil agglomeration by application of manure and acidity correction lime.

  Forced aeration is carried out by hydroponics. Bubbling aeration, hydroponic cultivation, etc. have been carried out. Recently, aeration cultivation using microbubbles has been developed, and microbubbles have a physiological activity that has not been conventionally known. It proves to be effective and shows how important the supply of air to the roots is. Forced ventilation for soil cultivation has also been developed, but most are for potted plants, heat-resistant walls, rooftop biotopes, not fields.

In the irrigation method, the mainstream is speeding sprayers, which start with water flow through water channels, sprinklers, tree irrigation with rain guns, and control. In dry land and house cultivation, irrigation tubes for drip cultivation are used.
Regarding soil irrigation, the number of technical developments is small, and most of them are cultivated in pots and pots.
In the future, as global warming progresses, the issue is how to prevent irrigation loss due to transpiration.

Soil pest control has been carried out by injecting methyl bromide into the soil, but the production of methyl bromide has been hindered in the field due to the ban on the production of methyl bromide.
At present, the method is to enhance the disease and pest resistance of crops by grafting, and the method is to seal the ground surface with a sheet and pour crawl picrin into the hole to fumigate the soil. A method of spraying a disinfectant, a method of sterilizing and killing with boiler steam, a method of incinerating and burning the soil with a burner, a method of covering the surface with a black sheet and steaming and killing with solar heat are used.

  As a soil environment control technology, it is important to combine the above various technologies. Actually, ground temperature control technology such as hotbeds, forced ventilation technology, and forced drainage technology using underdrains have been developed, but none of them are integrated, so it is far from environmental control of the rhizosphere soil layer. is the current situation.

For the growth of crops, oxygen supply to the roots is the most important, and there are many inventions called environmental control by adding nutrients, maintaining temperature, etc. to this. As for oxygen supply, many studies have been made on hydroponics. Therefore, the recent application status was investigated.
Patent document 1 is the hydroponic cultivation which sprinkles a culture solution, making air contact the grape root. This application is soil cultivation.

  Patent Document 2 is a technique in which an image processing device and a rhizosphere environment control device are installed around the rhizosphere of hydroponics to control temperature, fertilizer concentration, and ion concentration. This application is soil cultivation.

  Patent Literature 3 is an environmental control device that controls the temperature and the culture solution by exposing the roots to the air while spraying a solution on the roots in the cultivation of crops, and this application is soil cultivation. .

  Patent Document 4 is an apparatus that controls the temperature and light irradiation of a plant using the energy of methane fermentation. The main goals of this application are root aeration and moisture control.

  Patent document 5 is an environmental control device that exposes the roots to the air while spraying the solution on the roots and controls the temperature by means of a heat medium circulation pipe. This is a kind of hydroponics, and this application is soil cultivation.

  Patent Document 6 is a technique for improving heat exchange between a radiator and a plant in a plant cultivation environmental physician. The purpose of this is to control the temperature, and the main goal of this application is to control root aeration and moisture.

Patent Document 7 is a method and apparatus for forcibly ventilating the medium with an organic medium and sprinkling water from the above-ground part, which is partially similar to the present application in terms of the principle, but with a symmetrical pot and planter. In the case of the present application, a wide field including trees is symmetric.
Technically, water is supplied from the soil surface, whereas the present application is different because water and culture solution are forcibly injected.
Further, in the case of the present application, since the purpose is to control the soil environment of the field such as draining from the field in an overhumid state or controlling the pest of the soil, it is basically different.

  Patent Document 8 discloses an environmental control device that automatically controls a plant culture solution on a water-absorbing film in a greenhouse house, and is automatically controlled while shooting and recording with a drip device that is incorporated in the drip schedule and a camera installed in the greenhouse house. It is. This is a technique for monitoring roots in hydroponics, but the main purpose of this application is to control the rhizosphere underground soil environment.

  Patent Document 9 is a facility that performs hydroponic cultivation using only water and liquid fertilizer in the living room and outdoors without using soil. This application is hydroponics, and the main purpose of this application is soil cultivation and environmental control in the soil.

  Patent document 10 is rhizosphere environment control by temperature, irrigation, and management of fertilizer in order to lower the temperature of a vertical wall surface and an inclined roof surface and cool the environment. This is because the wall surface of the building and the inclined surface of the roof are symmetric, but the present application symmetrics a wide field.

  Patent Document 11 is a device that generates fine bubbles by central pressure reduction by swirling water flow. It is a device with high performance such as bubble size, easy to handle, easy to carry, and extremely robust. is there. However, the gist of the invention is different from the underground control of the present invention. The present invention can be utilized as a generator for supplying microbubbles.

  Patent Document 12 is an apparatus that generates microbubbles by crushing bubbles at high speed under reduced pressure and pressure conditions by cavitation proposed by the present inventor. This device is suitable for large-scale business because it can process a large amount of water. The gist of the invention is also different from the underground control of the present invention. The present invention can be utilized as a generator for supplying microbubbles.

Patent Document 13 performs automatic adjustment of irrigation using a float when irrigating a paddy field. Although it is a light and efficient irrigation facility, it does not irrigate the paddy field.
In the present invention, underground irrigation is also possible in paddy fields such as rice, lotus root, and grass.

  Patent Document 14 is an apparatus that provides a planting area in the vicinity of an outer wall of a building and supplies water into the soil with a tubular body having a water tank for storing water from a rain gutter and a plurality of small holes. Although it is the same idea as the present invention in terms of underground irrigation, the objects are terraces and verandas, which are different from the fields and paddy fields of the present invention. Also, it is not an idea of forced ventilation, forced water flow, forced drainage, pest control, etc.

  Patent Document 15 is a device that uses a rainwater tank as in Patent Document 14 and irrigates the soil through a pipe from a water diffuser using a capillary phenomenon. This is intended for dry land and roof gardens, and is different from the fields and paddy fields of the present invention. Also, it is not an idea of forced ventilation, forced water flow, forced drainage, pest control, etc.

  In Patent Document 16, a water supply port is attached to an end portion of a flowing water portion formed by fixing a polypropylene linear body in a spiral shape on the surface of a tubular body formed of a nonwoven fabric of polypropylene fibers, and the flowing water portion is embedded in soil. The irrigation added from the water inlet smoothly and efficiently supplies water to the plant root. It is not an idea of forced ventilation, forced water flow, forced drainage or the like of the present invention.

Patent Document 17 is an apparatus that evenly irrigates the ground from a fixed nozzle of a high-pressure jet having a flow path having an inner diameter of 2 mm or less through a water injection pipe with a pump from a water source.
Although it is excellent as a function of underground irrigation, it is not an idea of forced aeration, forced water flow, forced drainage or the like of the present invention.

  Patent Document 18 is a mixture of refractory natural bark of cedar and cypress or fiber and combustion ash, which is applied to the soil to form a well-mixed planting bed. It is a technology to protect. This is different from the control of suffocation with nitrogen gas of the present invention.

  Patent Document 19 discloses that a bactericidal insecticide such as chlorpicrin, dichlorodiisopropyl ether, methyl isothiocyanate is sealed in a stick shape or absorbed and solidified in a ribbon shape, and the stick-shaped and ribbon-shaped bactericidal insecticide is buried in soil or This is a method of placing on the soil surface, covering the soil surface with a plastic coating, and fumigating. Although the point which covers the soil surface with a plastic coating | covering material is the same as the meaning of this invention, in this invention, nitrogen gas is used.

  Patent Document 20 is a method for enhancing the adhesion activity and pathogen control activity of Pasteuria spp. Against nematodes by preserving Pasteuria spp.

Patent Document 21 and Patent Document 22 contain soil and ethanol-diluted aqueous solution so that the soil is flooded, the soil surface is covered with a plastic film or sheet, and the soil is disinfected by holding and suppressing evaporation of water and ethanol. Reduction disinfection method. A soil disinfectant irrigation system comprising a water distribution pipe having one end connected to a water supply source and the other end connected to an inlet of an irrigation tube, a liquid fertilizer mixer, an ethanol aqueous solution storage tank, and a multi-branched irrigation tube.
The pipes and irrigation tubes embedded in the soil and the plastic film or sheet covering the soil surface have the same idea as the present invention, but the main subject of the control is the flooded state, and the alcohol and acetic acid are the present invention. Is different. The present invention uses nitrogen gas and / or chlorpicrin in the field state.

  In Patent Literature 23, water is temporarily supplied to a cultivation bed up to a water level where the bottom of the garden pot is submerged. That is, water is supplied to the previous bed using the water supply / drainage pump, and if water supply is achieved to the set water level, the water is forcibly drained from the bed using the water supply / drainage pump. Although the point which uses a water supply / drainage pump is the same as this invention, the use is a garden pot and the style of water supply / drainage is also different.

  In Patent Literature 24, in pot cultivation and bed cultivation, a solution is forcibly drained from a drainage channel by a venturi-type suction device in order to efficiently drain and drain the solution from the culture medium. Although the idea is the same as that of the present invention in terms of removing super-humid water, the method is completely different.

<Documents on forced ventilation and environmental control>
Patent Publication No. 09-205911 Patent Publication 09-275782 Patent Publication 10-313704 Patent Publication 11-275965 Patent Publication 2000-083489 Patent Publication 2001-251971 Patent Publication 2006-101724 Patent Publication 2008-125479 Patent Publication 2008-154822 Patent Publication 2009-125048 <Literature about microbubbles>
Patent Publication 2003-181258 Patent Publication 2004-344859 <Literature about soil irrigation>
Patent Publication No. 09-23766 Patent Publication 11-89453 Patent Publication 2003-23883 Patent Publication 2004-73139 Patent Publication 2010-187545 <Literature about soil pest control>
Patent Publication No. 09-169603 Patent Publication 11-116420 Patent Publication 2000-95627 WO2007 / 12967 Patent Publication 2010-106034 <Documents on forced drainage>
Patent Publication 11-18599 Patent Publication 2000-312539

Some techniques for supplying oxygen to the crop rhizosphere have a significant impact on the quality in addition to the growth and yield of the crop. Especially in hydroponic cultivation, the effect of dissolved oxygen has a very serious effect, and therefore, technical development has been carried out through many studies.
In soil cultivation in large fields and house fields, there is an influence of the air contained in the pores of the soil layer, so that there is no serious effect due to oxygen deficiency as in hydroponics. In the groundwater zone, soil aeration is important for cultivation.
Also, when flooding due to heavy rain, over-humidity, or when growing high carbon dioxide gas in a house, soil aeration is important for cultivation because oxygen is insufficient.
Normally, even if there are no adverse conditions as described above, the air in the soil is actually exhausted to the outside air when the low pressure comes, and through the process where the outside air is pushed into the soil when the high pressure comes, There is a lot of passive breathing. However, since it is an exchange of gas within the fine pores of the soil, the air in the soil contains a very high concentration of carbon dioxide, although it varies depending on the depth. Thus, forced aeration into the soil significantly improves crop growth, yield and quality. In addition, for effective control of difficult soil pests due to the ban on methyl bromide production, a new control method is possible that seals the ground surface and feeds nitrogen gas and chlorpicrin. Technical development is desired.
However, the installation of fields such as forced water and forced ventilation generally requires high facility technology and high production technology at low cost because the facility cost is generally high and it is often difficult to make a profit in agricultural management.
Therefore, in the present invention, a low-cost underground environment control technology and a labor-saving and highly profitable underground environment control technology have been proposed as important issues for improving agricultural production.

  In order to solve the above problems, a simple method of forced air flow and forced drainage of soil, a labor-saving method of agricultural rhizosphere soil environment control, forced water flow and microbubble supply to rhizosphere soil, and excessive humidity We proposed a comprehensive soil environment control device that can perform many tasks in one system, combining the drainage of the rhizosphere in the state and the methods and devices for controlling pests of the soil.

Method and Apparatus for Forced Water Flow and Soil Pest Control of Simple Short-Circulation Type Soil Fig. 1 enables forced water flow, forced aeration and difficult-to-control soil pest control of claim 1 in FIG. A simple environmental control device for short-term cultivation buried underground was shown.
In principle, as shown in Fig. 1, in a vegetable field or house cultivation, a groove with a depth of 5 to 30 cm underground is dug along with the field cultivation, and a small hole with a diameter of 12 mm and a diameter of 1 mm is inserted into the groove. A perforated pipe 1 or an irrigation tube 1 having a pinhole or a pressure-resistant water-permeable tube 1 having a diameter of 10 mm or less having a plurality of nozzles is embedded.
At both ends of the perforated pipe 1 or the irrigation tube 1, rising pipes 3 and 6 to the ground are attached, and opening and closing valves 4 and 7 are attached to pipe outlets. Water and culture solution inlets and drain outlets are provided at both ends of the pipe, and at the inlet and drain outlet ends, there is a connection to the control injection pump hose, connection to the air supply pump, and connection to the drainage pump. Equip 5 and 8.
For forced water supply and culture medium supply, connect the connector 5 to the connection hose of the pressurized water supply pump or the pressurized water supply pump for spraying agricultural chemicals, and open the open / close valve 7 on the opposite pipe outlet to supply water. After confirming that water and culture solution are discharged from the drainage port 8 and the air is excluded from the porous pipe, the open / close valve 7 is closed to supply water and culture solution to the underground rhizosphere.
When forced ventilation is performed, the connector 5 is connected to a connection hose of a pressurized air pump, and the open / close valve 7 at the pipe outlet on the opposite side is closed to supply air to the ground.
When soil pest control is performed, as shown in FIG. 5, the soil surface is covered with a sheet 35 that seals, crawl picrin is injected from the connector 5, connected to the connector hose of the nitrogen cylinder 34, and connected to the opposite side. The opening / closing valve 7 at the outlet of the pipe is closed, and nitrogen is supplied from the nitrogen supply device while pushing crawl picrin into the ground. At the same time, nematodes and other harmful insects are suffocated with nitrogen gas to control. If this device is installed for a long period of time, small holes and pinholes will become clogged with microorganisms such as chickenpox, soil, and plant roots, so it is necessary to dig up and install again at that time.

Simple Permanent Field Subterraneosphere Environmental Control Method and Device FIG. 2 shows a simple permanent underground environment that allows forced water flow, forced ventilation and forced drainage of the simple and permanent soil of claim 2. The control device is shown.
As shown in FIG. 2, the principle is that, in paddy fields, vegetable fields, and house cultivation, a groove with a depth of 30 to 40 cm is dug along the farming field, and the anti-root cloth membrane bag 2 is formed outside the groove. A perforated pipe 1 having a diameter of 12 mm and a small hole of 1 mm in diameter is embedded.
At both ends of the perforated pipe 1, rising pipes 3 and 6 to the ground are attached, and opening and closing valves 4 and 7 are attached to pipe outlets. Water and culture solution inlets and drain outlets are provided at both ends of the pipe, and at the inlet and drain outlet ends, there is a connection to the control injection pump hose, connection to the air supply pump, and connection to the drainage pump. Equipped with 5 and 8.
In the perforated pipe, as shown in FIG. 7, narrow holes having a diameter of 2 mm or less are arranged at 5 cm intervals on the upper surface to be installed, and small holes 9 are arranged in a row. The small holes 9 are arranged on the upper surface in order to allow water to flow evenly to the end when the solution is passed.
As shown in FIG. 8, the outside of the perforated pipe is covered with a fine, corrosion-resistant root cloth membrane bag to prevent crop roots from entering the perforated pipe.
When forced water supply or culture solution supply is performed, connect the connector 5 with a pressurized water supply pump, a pressurized water supply pump for spraying agricultural chemicals, or a simple manual type forced water supply / superhumid soil water suction / removal pump shown in FIG. Connect to the hose, open the open / close valve 7 on the opposite pipe outlet, and supply water. Check that the water and culture solution are discharged from the drain port 8 and the air is removed from the porous pipe. Close and supply water and culture solution to the underground rhizosphere.
When forced ventilation is performed, the connector 5 is connected to a connection hose of a pressurized air pump, and the open / close valve 7 at the pipe outlet on the opposite side is closed to supply air to the ground.
When performing forced drainage, the opening / closing valve 4 at the inlet of one end of the pipe is closed, and the drainage port 8 is connected to the connection hose of the manual drainage pump shown in FIG.

Method and apparatus for rhizosphere soil environment control corresponding to labor-saving agriculture Figures 3 and 4 show the forced water flow, forced ventilation and forced drainage of the soil with the aim of saving labor in the agricultural work of claims 3 and 4. A possible underground environment control device for field underground is shown.
The principle is the same as the simple forced air flow and forced drainage.
As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, a paddy field, orchard, and a wide field crop, a groove with a depth of 30 to 100 cm is dug along with the cropping, and a root cloth membrane bag 2 is applied to the outside in the groove. A 200 mm porous pipe 1 is buried. When pipes are installed in multiple stages at different depths, the effect is further enhanced.
In the labor-saving type, as shown in FIG. 4, the diameter of the buried porous pipe is thicker than the simple type, and it has a thick crossing pipe that crosses the trough that distributes water to each trough. It is possible to perform forced ventilation, water distribution, and drainage, and it is possible to control the underground rhizosphere environment control and labor-saving fertilization management in a single area of the water supply / drainage pump.
A rising pipe 3 to the ground is attached to the water injection side of one end of the perforated pipe 1, and the pipe 3 is connected to an air supply pump 13 through a valve 4, while being connected to a water / culture tank 16 through a valve 12. The water / culture solution delivery pump 14 is connected.
As shown in FIG. 3, a drain tank 11 for storing excess ground water is provided at the end of the pipe drain side, and the drain pipe 6 is raised from the drain tank to the ground. The drainage pipe 6 branches in two directions, one is a drainage / exhaust pipe, and an open / close valve 7 is provided to the outside air outlet to open to the outside air, and the other is connected to the drainage pump 18 for removing excessive moisture through the open / close valve 17. , Leading to the drain 19.
As shown in FIG. 7, in the perforated pipe, optimal small holes having a diameter of 1 mm are arranged in a row at intervals of 5 cm on the upper surface to be installed. When large-volume water injection is required, an infinite number of pinholes are arranged in the upper half of the pipe. The reason why the small holes are arranged on the upper surface is to allow water to flow evenly to the end when the solution is passed. As shown in FIG. 8, the outer periphery of the perforated pipe is surrounded by a fine, corrosion-resistant root cloth membrane bag to prevent crop roots from entering the perforated pipe.
When forced water supply and culture solution supply are performed, the open / close valve 4 is closed, the open / close valve 12 is opened, the open / close valve 17 connected to the drainage pump on the opposite side is closed, the pressurized water supply pump is operated, and water is supplied. After confirming that water and culture solution are discharged from the mouth 8 and the air is removed to the perforated pipe, the open / close valve 7 is closed to supply water and culture solution to the ground.
When forced ventilation is performed, the opening and closing valves 7, 12, and 17 at the pipe outlet are closed and air is supplied to the ground by the air supply pump 13.
When forced drainage is performed, the open / close valves 4, 7, and 12 at the pipe outlet are closed, the open / close valve 17 on the drain side is opened, water is absorbed by the drain pump 18, and the water is discharged from the drain port 19.

Microbubble supply and underground rhizosphere environmental control method and control system apparatus FIG. 5 shows an underground underground environment that enables forced water-saving, forced-ventilation and forced-drainage of labor-saving soil by microbubbles according to claim 5 The control device is shown. The principle is the same as forced water flow of simple soil.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, in paddy fields, orchards and large-scale field crops, a groove with a depth of 30 to 100 cm is dug along the field, and a root-proof cloth membrane bag 2 is applied to the outside in the groove. The perforated pipe 1 having a diameter of 20 to 200 mm is embedded.
A rising pipe 3 to the ground is attached to the water injection side of one end of the perforated pipe 1, and the pipe 3 is connected to an air supply pump 13 through a valve 4, while being connected to a water / culture tank 16 through a valve 12. It connects with the microbubble sending pump 15 of the water and culture solution which were made.
A drain tank 11 for storing excess ground water is provided at the pipe drain end, and the drain pipe 6 is raised from the drain tank to the ground. The drainage pipe 6 branches in two directions, one is provided with an opening / closing valve 7 toward the outside air outlet of the drainage / exhaust pipe and is opened to the outside air, and the other is connected to the drainage pump 18 for removing excessive moisture through the opening / closing valve 17. , Leading to the drain 19.
In the perforated pipe, as shown in FIG. 7, small holes 9 having a diameter of 1 mm are arranged in a line at an interval of 5 cm on the upper surface to be installed. When large-volume water injection is required, it is also effective to arrange an infinite number of pinholes in the upper half pipe. The reason why the pores are arranged on the upper surface is that when the solution is passed through, the pores are evenly passed to the end.
As shown in FIG. 8, the outer periphery of the perforated pipe is surrounded by a fine, corrosion-resistant root cloth membrane bag to prevent crop roots from entering the perforated pipe.
When performing forced water flow or culture medium supply by microbubbles, the open / close valve 4 is closed, the open / close valve 12 is opened, the open / close valve 17 leading to the drainage pump on the opposite side is closed, and the microbubble pressurized water supply pump 15 is activated. Then, after confirming that water and culture solution are discharged from the drain port 8 and the air is excluded from the porous pipe, the open / close valve 7 is closed and water and culture solution are supplied to the ground.
When forced ventilation is performed, the opening and closing valves 7, 12, and 17 at the pipe outlet are closed and air is supplied to the ground by the air supply pump 13.
When forced drainage is performed, the open / close valves 4, 7, and 12 at the pipe outlet are closed, the open / close valve 17 on the drain side is opened, water is absorbed by the drain pump 18, and the water is discharged from the drain port 19.
The microbubble generator used in this apparatus uses the apparatus of Japanese Patent No. 3843361 devised by the inventor, but microbubble generators according to other inventions can also be used.

FIG. 9 shows a structure of a pump device for both simple manual forced water passing and overhumid soil water suction and removal according to claim 6.
The power is manual manpower. As for the operation, when a person rides on the top 20 and moves a handle (handle) 21 attached to the upper club, the piston 24 of the pump chamber 23 connected to the club 22 operates to suck out water from the suction port 30. Then, water is discharged from the discharge port 33.
When the description of each part is added, the operating part comprises a step 20, a handle (handle) 21, a reciprocating bar 22, a pump chamber 23, a piston 24, a piston reciprocating push bar 25, and a reciprocating bar operating fulcrum 26. The upper piston operating fulcrum 27 has a structure in which the fulcrum itself moves up and down to lubricate the operation.
The forced water / superhumidity soil water suction / removal section is connected to the connector 8 of the perforated pipe 1 through the superhumidity soil water suction port 30.
The sucked overhumid soil water is guided to the front and rear pump chambers 23 by the groundwater suction guide pipe 31.
The pump chamber 23 is a piston cylinder container and is firmly fixed to the step platform 20. The forced water flow and the excessively humid soil water lead the sucked-out water from the soil water sucking port 30 to the pump chamber 23 through the induction pipe 31. The pump chamber 23 is divided into front and rear pump chambers, one of which is responsible for suctioning and one of which is discharging as the piston moves, so that drainage is continuously maintained.
Accordingly, each pump chamber 23 is equipped with a backflow prevention valve 28 on the pump inlet side and a backflow prevention valve 29 on the pump outlet side. The water flow injected from the pump chamber 23 and the discharged soil water pass through the soil water discharge induction pipe 32 connected to each of the two pump chambers, and when the forced flow from the discharge port 33 to the pipe. It can be used properly for forced drainage.

Soil pest control method and soil pest control system apparatus FIG. 6 shows a soil pest control system according to claim 1 and claim 8. The damage of night worms and root-cutting insects in field crops is significant, and nematode damage due to continuous cropping failures, soil diseases such as withering and bacterial wilt are also serious.
Underground environment control technology can save labor for suffocation by nitrogen gas alone or fumigation by blowing crawl picrin and nitrogen gas.
The method uses the perforated pipe 1 shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, covers the soil surface with a confidential sheet 35 as shown in FIG. 6, and connects the perforated pipe connector 8 with a nitrogen gas cylinder 34 to connect nitrogen gas. It has a function of sending nitrogen gas to the underground rhizosphere soil and suffocating nematodes and soil diseases. Similarly, chlorpicrin can be fed from the connector 8 of the perforated pipe and further infiltrated with nitrogen gas to suffocate and kill pests, and soil fumigation can be carried out labor-saving for highly effective pest control. The direction of jetting of roll picrine and gas accompanying the injection of chlorpicrin and nitrogen gas ventilation during the control is the direction of the arrow in FIG.
Nematodes, etc. that are difficult to control gather and grow around the permeation pipe where the root activity increases during the cultivation period of the crop, so they die in a short period of about one to two weeks after the cultivation until the next crop is planted Therefore, if the nematodes gathered and proliferated around the pipe during the cultivation period are choked and killed, the effect is high.
At the time, even for difficult-to-control bacterial wilt and blight, when chlorpicrin is injected, nitrogen gas is pushed into a large soil layer around the pipe and effective chlorpicrin fumigation is performed. . As a result, it is possible to eliminate bacterial wilt and wilt of the next crop rhizosphere.
The advantage of this method is that it is possible to kill and sterilize deep soil layers, which were difficult to control in the past, such as bacterial wilt, leaf blight and nematodes distributed in the deep soil layer in the direction of the arrow in FIG. It is a thing.
Furthermore, since the soil is not dug up or cultivated after treatment, new bacterial contamination is unlikely to occur.
When cultivating crops, the confidential sheet 35 on the soil surface is peeled off, air is forcibly sent for a long time with an air pump, nitrogen gas and chlorpicrin are completely removed, and oxygen is sufficiently applied to the soil to ensure a healthy condition. Cultivate. The period until the field can be used is also greatly shortened.
Thus, it is possible to effectively use the device by alternately repeating control of soil pests that are difficult to control, forced ventilation, forced water flow, and labor-saving fertilization by one system.

Underground environmental control technology enables efficient irrigation by underground irrigation, fertilization is saved by supplying the culture solution underground, crop roots are activated by forced aeration to the ground, growth is promoted, and high production is achieved. High quality is the main purpose.
It is a well-known fact that high production and high quality, forced drainage helps to prevent moisture damage by removing underground overhumidities that are difficult to control, and labor-saving control is a well-known fact. do not have to. As an example, an unknown matter that is not generally known is shown.

Example 1 Quality improvement test by improving aroma components of tea

Test method Aiming to improve the quality of tea, which is difficult to verify, cultivating tea by forced aeration by burying a vent pipe of a simple forced water and forced ventilation device at a depth of 40 cm along the center of the tea garden. A test was conducted. Since the fragrance improvement is based on cultivation technology, the test on the fragrance of tea was tested with No. 1 tea in spring.
For tea making, the tea leaves were steamed using the manufacturing method of sencha, and the quality of the aroma components was evaluated.

The tea component basically includes Kiyoka Aoba alcohol, linalool, geraniol, hexanol and the like in the table, and if the conditions are good, it includes a floral scent such as phenyl ethyl alcohol (rose scent). The higher the quality of tea leaves, the deeper the aroma, and the scent of flowers when making tea.
Summary of results If forced aeration is performed to activate tea roots, the growth of tea is improved and the metabolism in the living body becomes active, so various essential oils that are considered to be aromatic components in tea leaves at the tea making stage In particular, phenyl, ethyl, alcohol, etc., which are considered to be the fragrance of rose flowers, increase, and it is considered that quality improvement occurs from the aspect of tea fragrance.

Example 2 Method of High Harvest and High Quality Test of Vegetables by Supplying to Micro Bubbles High production and quality improvement of crops by micro bubbles are not well known, so they were proved. The test was carried out by hydroponics, and cultivated oysters by supplying two types of microbubbles having different sizes of bubbles of about 100 to 500 μm and one of about 10 to 100 μm with one culture medium having the same composition.
The vitality of roots was compared by the amount of growth and dehydrogenase activity of root system.

Summary of results Growth of oysters is about 400 g per strain for 100-500 micrometer micro-sized bubbles and about 700 g per strain for nano-sized bubbles of 10-100 micrometer, and the size of the bubbles is small It is clear that it promotes crop growth. Differences in growth are shown in Photo 1.
In Photo 1, a is the amount of growth of oysters grown with microbubbles of 100 to 500 micrometers, and b is the amount of growth of oysters grown with nanosized nanobubbles of 10 to 100 micrometers.
Regarding the enzyme activity, the activity of roots of oyster was investigated.
The unit of the survey result is an analysis method for investigating how many micromoles of hydrogen per minute by breathing per minute and reducing the indicator methylene blue.
Units are expressed in micromoles of hydrogen generated per minute per gram of raw weight.
Thus, the activity of roots was higher at 2 μM / g FW / min exhibited by nano-sized bubbles of 10 to 100 μm than the activity 1 μM / g FW / min exhibited by micro-sized bubbles of 100 to 500 μm. .
Therefore, as shown in Photo 1, the micro-sized bubble a has a weak root reducing power and iron oxide is deposited on the surface of the root, browning and darkening, whereas in the nano-sized bubble b The roots have strong reducing power, and there is no iron deposition and the color is white.
Photo 2 shows the comparison of the methylene blue standard dye comparison solution and the survey feed reaction solution to investigate the root enzyme activity. In the photograph, c is a standard solution of methylene blue, d is an enzyme reaction comparison solution, and e is a thermometer.
Thus, although all are ventilating, it turns out that the growth promotion effect changes with bubble sizes. Therefore, when controlling the soil environment in the rhizosphere, it is important to supply small bubbles together with the solution.
This result shows how the supply of oxygen by microbubbles affects root activity. Similarly, microbubbles give similar results in soil cultivation, but in soil cultivation, the root survey was obscured by observation, so it was substituted by hydroponics.

Currently, productivity of agricultural production is declining on a global scale. The foundation of agricultural production such as cereals and vegetables is the strength of the field. It is important how to increase the activity of the roots in order to bring out the healthy and vigorous growth of crops. Crop roots are very healthy if they can control the soil environment, such as the supply of soil air in the rhizosphere, the supply of nutrients, and the prevention of overhumidity, and efficiently absorb the nutrients that the soil originally has and the nutrients supplied. However, due to healthy and vigorous growth, high quality and high yield can be brought about.
The forced aeration of the rhizosphere soil according to the present invention expels the carbon dioxide gas that is easily stored in the soil and supplies oxygen, so that the activity of the root becomes extremely high. Forced water flow to the rhizosphere and supply of culture solution collect crop roots around the underground control pipes for efficient irrigation and efficient fertilization.
It is also a technology that enables new control of soil pests that are difficult to control, such as continuous cropping failures.
In the future of global warming, desertification is progressing, and if precious water is used for flooding on trees, the efficiency of water loss is lost due to transpiration. Therefore, tree irrigation is not desirable. New and efficient irrigation that can supply microbubbles is necessary.
The supply of microbubbles has been shown to increase the activity of crop roots and to prevent high-temperature damage to crops due to global warming, and is an indispensable technology for future agriculture.
Climate change due to global warming brings drought, while flooding the field due to torrential rain and overhumidity conditions, resulting in extreme growth suppression due to overhumidity. Forced drainage has the effect of removing excessively humid water in the rhizosphere and preventing damage from moisture damage in vast fields.
The environmental control technology for rhizosphere soil is a new technology that can manage these soils for forced ventilation, forced water flow, culture solution supply, forced drainage, and soil pest control in a single system. Future field farming and facility-type agricultural production are expected to dramatically improve and improve quality.
The environmental control technology of the root rhizosphere soil is a technology that plays an important role in promoting efficient food production in the future society where global food shortages progress.

Is a cross-sectional model of a simple forced-air and soil pest control device for soil. Is a cross-sectional model of a forced and forced air drainage and a super-humid soil drainage device for permanent and simple soil. Is a labor-saving rhizosphere soil environment controller cross-sectional model. Is a labor-saving rhizosphere soil environment controller planar model Is a cross-sectional model of rhizosphere soil environment control device with microbubble supply. Is a soil pest control system cross-sectional model. Is a perforated pipe device. Is a corrosion-resistant root cloth membrane bag that prevents crop roots from entering the perforated pipe. Is a simple manual-type forced water flow and super-humid soil water suction removal combined use pump device.

Photo description

Photo 1

Is a high-yield and high-quality test of vegetables by supplying microbubbles.

Photo 2

Is the investigation of the enzyme activity of roots by methylene blue decolorization.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Perforated pipe 2 Crop root invasion prevention Corrosion-resistant root cloth membrane bag 3 Standing pipe 4 Pipe opening / closing valve or opening / closing valve for forced ventilation 5 Aeration pump, water pump connector 6 Starting pipe 7 Pipe opening / closing valve 8 Simple drainage pump connector 9 Porous pipe hole 10 Cultivation crop 11 Drain tank 12 for drainage 12 Open / close valve for supplying water, culture solution, microbubble 13 Forced ventilation pump (air pump)
14 Forced water pump (pressurized water pump)
15 Micro Bubble Pressurized Water Supply Pump 16 Water / Culture Supply Tank 17 Forced Drain Opening / Closing Valve 18 Forced Drain Pump 19 Forced Drain Port 20 Simple Manual Type Forced Water Flow / Excessive Soil Water Suction and Removal Pump Device Tread 21 Simple Manual Type Actuation handle 22 of the pumping device for both forced water and over-humid soil water suction and removal The club 23 that reciprocates back and forth with the manual operation of the simple manual type forced water and over-humid soil water suction and removal pump. Pump chamber 24 of the soil water suction / combination pump device Piston 25 of the simple manual type forced water flow / superhumidity soil water suction removal / combination pump device Piston push rod 26 of the simple manual type forced water flow / superhumidity soil water suction / removal pump device Simple manual type forced water flow / excessive soil water suction removal combined use pump device tread mounting fulcrum 27 Simple manual type forced water flow / excessive soil water suction removal combined use pump device piss Ton push rod mounting fulcrum 28 Simple manual type forced water flow / excessive soil water suction removal combined use pump device room suction side backflow prevention valve 29 Simple manual type forced water flow / excessive soil water suction removal combined use pump device room discharge side reverse flow Prevention valve 30 Simple manual type forced water / overhumidity soil water suction / removal pump device Forced water supply port and soil solution suction port 31 Simple manual type forced water / overhumidity soil water suction / removal pump device Forced water and forced aeration suction pipe and soil solution suction pipe 32 Simple manual type forced water flow and super-humid soil water suction and removal pump device Forced water flow and forced air flow induction pipe and soil solution Induction pipe 33 for discharge Simple manual type forced water flow / excessive soil water suction / removal pump device Forced water flow and forced air inlet and soil solution discharge port 34 Nitrogen gas cylinder 35 Soil surface Covered sealing sheet a oysters grown with 100-500 μm large microbubbles b oysters grown with 10-100 μm small nanobubbles c methylene blue standard solution comparison solution series Measuring solution e Temperature measuring device for activity measuring solution

Claims (9)

A trencher digs a trench along the farm to a depth of 5-30 cm below the farmland field,
A porous vinyl chloride pipe having a small hole with a diameter of 12 mm and a diameter of 7 mm or less or a pinhole irrigation tube or a pressure-resistant water-permeable tube with a diameter of 10 mm or less having a plurality of nozzles is embedded in the groove bottom,
A pipe that leads to the ground at the end of the pipe or tube, an open / close valve, and a connector are provided.
During the crop cultivation period, the connection connector and water supply pump or air pump are connected depending on the application, and water, culture solution and air are forcibly fed into the rhizosphere soil as necessary to maintain healthy and vigorous growth of the crop. And
When controlling pests of soil after cultivation, cover the soil surface with a sheet, seal it, inject chlorpicrin from the connection connector, and forcibly supply fumigation gas into the rhizosphere soil by nitrogen gas injection using a nitrogen gas supply device Management to improve crop growth and yield and quality of crops and soil pest control by feeding and fumigating or forcing nitrogen into the rhizosphere soil with a single injection of nitrogen gas to suffocate A simple short-period forced flow and forced aeration and soil pest control of soil pests, characterized by using the same device at different times according to the purpose. In Claim 1, digging a trench with a trencher to a depth of 30-40 cm below the field,
A porous vinyl chloride pipe having a small hole with a diameter of 12 mm and a diameter of 7 mm or less at the groove bottom is buried along the operation,
Cover the outside of the pipe with a anti-corrosion rooting membrane bag that is septic and water-permeable and finely permeable,
A pipe that leads to the ground at the end of the pipe or tube, an open / close valve, and a connector are provided.
In normal cultivation, a connector and a pressurized water supply pump or air pump are connected to forcibly feed water, culture solution and air into the rhizosphere soil through pipes.
If it becomes flooded or overhumidity due to heavy rain, etc., connect the connector and drain pump to drain,
An environmental control method for a simple permanent field subsurface rhizosphere characterized by performing forced water flow, forced air flow and forced drainage to improve crop growth and agricultural product quality. In claim 1 and claim 2, the groove is broken along the cultivation to a depth of 30 to 100 cm under the field.
We dug a groove that crosses these grooves across the groove along this work,
A porous plastic pipe or a porous hard rubber tube having a small hole with a diameter of 15 to 200 mm and a diameter of 7 mm or less is embedded in the groove along the operation,
A thick pipe is buried in the crossing groove and connected to the pipe or tube installed along the operation,
The outer perforated pipe or tube is covered with an anti-corrosion and water-permeable fine-grained root-proof fabric bag,
Forcibly feed water, culture solution, microbubble and air from the perforated pipe into the rhizosphere soil with a pressurized water pump or air pump or microbubble water feeder connected to one end of the transverse pipe,
In addition to forced aeration and microbubble forced water to improve crop growth and agricultural product quality,
Labor-saving in fertilizer management that forcibly supplies culture solution,
A drainage pump connected to one end of a cross pipe connected to a pipe or a tube to prevent drainage damage by forcibly draining soil-humidified water from flooding in the field during heavy rains,
A method of rhizosphere soil environment control of labor-saving agriculture, characterized by combining and functioning. In claim 1, claim 2 and claim 3,
Dig a ditch along the work to a depth of 5-100cm underground,
A porous plastic pipe or rubber tube or irrigation tube having a small hole with a diameter of 12 to 200 mm and a diameter of 7 mm or less embedded in the groove bottom;
A water drainage connected to the pipe or tube at the end and collected in the pipe;
A fine anti-corrosion rooting membrane bag that covers the outside of the pipe or tube,
A water supply pump connected to a pipe or tube to force water into the pipe and pressurize it;
A pressurized air pump connected to a pipe or tube to forcibly vent air into the pipe;
A drainage pump connected to a drainage drain connected to a pipe or tube;
A device consisting of a valve that opens and closes a drain outlet.
Forcibly supplying water, air and culture solution to the rhizosphere of the farmland field,
It has the function of forcibly removing excessive moisture in the soil during flooding,
A rhizosphere soil environment control system device characterized by forced air flow and forced drainage. In claim 4, connecting and adding to the pipe or rubber tube of the device,
Install a device that forcibly sends microbubbles into pipes or rubber tubes,
Increase the water permeability and oxygen permeability to the soil by microbubbles,
An environmental control device for underground rhizosphere that supplies microbubbles, which performs forced flow, forced ventilation, and forced drainage of microbubbles to further promote growth and yield and quality improvement of crops. A manual pump for both forced water flow and forced drainage according to claim 1 and claim 2,
A step on which people ride and work,
A handle of a handle operated by a person,
A lever that reciprocally swings by moving the piston with the lever function,
Two pump chambers fixed to the platform with cylinder containers,
An airtight piston in close contact with the cylinder container,
A push rod that moves in conjunction with an oscillating bar
A fulcrum bearing that connects the step and the swinging bar,
A fulcrum bearing that is movable up and down to connect the push rod of the piston and the bar that swings;
When water is being supplied, a suction port to the water supply / distribution pump is connected to the connector from the perforated pipe when suctioning overhumid soil water from the water supply tank.
A guide pipe for leading the sucked water to the two pump chambers, a backflow prevention valve on the inlet side of the pump chamber,
A check valve on the outlet side of the pump chamber;
A discharge induction pipe for guiding water discharged from the two pump chambers to the discharge port;
Consisting of a discharge port,
At the discharge port, connect the connector to the perforated pipe to the water tank when supplying water to the water tank when sucking overhumid soil water,
Simple manual forced passage of soil, characterized in that it is possible to forcibly feed water and culture solution into the soil and suck out overhumid soil solution by pushing and pulling the reciprocating dredge back and forth manually. Pump for suction and discharge of water and super-humid soil solution. 6. A multi-stage underground root according to claim 2, 3, 4, or 5, wherein two or more pipes, which are covered with a rot-resistant root cloth membrane bag, are placed at different depths. Environmental control method for the service area. In claim 2, claim 3, claim 4, claim 5 and claim 7, the soil surface is covered with a confidential sheet, nitrogen gas is sent to the underground rhizosphere by a forced ventilation system, and nitrogen gas alone is a nematode. And a method for controlling suffocation of soil pests, characterized by suffocating and suffocating the soil pests, or by fumigating laborably with nitrogen gas and chlorpicrin. As basic equipment, roots of forced water flow, forced ventilation, soil pest control, forced drainage, etc. in claim 1, claim 2, claim 3, claim 4, claim 5, claim 7 and claim 8 Agricultural cultivation technology that employs methods and equipment for controlling underground underground environments.