CN109874524A - Golden Bell Tree cultural method - Google Patents
Golden Bell Tree cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109874524A CN109874524A CN201910331357.0A CN201910331357A CN109874524A CN 109874524 A CN109874524 A CN 109874524A CN 201910331357 A CN201910331357 A CN 201910331357A CN 109874524 A CN109874524 A CN 109874524A
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Abstract
Public affairs Golden Bell Tree cultural method of the invention, include the following steps: (1) Golden Bell Tree cuttage and seedling culture: (1-1) selects cutting medium and container, (1-2) acquires rudiment bar, clip cuttings, the sterilization of (1-3) fringe bar and disinfection, (1-4) handles fringe bar, (1-5) cuttage, (1-6) hardening management with root-promoting hormone；(2) Golden Bell Tree field cultivation, fertilising and tending management: (2-1) selection Golden Bell Tree kind woodlot is simultaneously cleared up reproducing area and is turned over, (2-2) selects Golden Bell Tree to plant base manure, (2-3) determines planting density, (2-4) seedling: cave is dug, applies fertilizer to the subsoil, be colonized, (2-5) tending management and top dressing, (2-6) trimming field planting, (2-7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.Cuttage raise seedling technique of the invention can effectively improve the survival rate of Golden Bell Tree, can be realized Golden Bell Tree quick cultivating and grows into forest.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to breeding cultivation technical fields.Specifically Golden Bell Tree cultural method.
Background technique
Golden Bell Tree is Bignoniaceae, and windbell wood category deciduous tree, 5 meters of Gao Keda, Golden Bell Tree can be with four season cracks
Change and replace the tree of style and features: spring branch leaf is dredged, the Ching Ming Festival front and back can hold beautiful chrysanthemum；Summer comes into leaves result pod；Autumn branch
Leaf is flouring, a piece of glossy and green scene；Winter dry branches and fallen leaves shows dreary beauty.Because Golden Bell Tree is in spring, summer, autumn, winter
Different unique elegances is shown, shade tree or trade can be made on gardens, garden, highway, the lawn of scenic spot, pool side
Tree is suitable for that individually plantation or plantation arranged side by side are ornamental, is outstanding Landscape Trees.
Golden Bell Tree belongs to the tree species of more difficult cuttage and seedling culture and afforestation, usually uses method of sowing nursery and afforestation, but
It is that there are cycle time longer disadvantages for seeding and seedling raising.Also there is the technology using root cutting growth and afforestation in the prior art, still
Root cutting needs to take the root of Golden Bell Tree, it is difficult to realize scale breeding and afforestation.
Summary of the invention
For this purpose, technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in provide the Golden Bell Tree cultivation of a kind of cuttage and seedling culture and afforestation
Culture method.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
Golden Bell Tree cultural method, includes the following steps:
(1) Golden Bell Tree cuttage and seedling culture:
(1-1) selects cutting medium and container,
(1-2) acquisition rudiment bar, clip cuttings,
The sterilization of (1-3) fringe bar and disinfection,
(1-4) handles fringe bar with root-promoting hormone,
(1-5) cuttage,
(1-6) hardening management；
(2) Golden Bell Tree field cultivation, fertilising and tending management:
(2-1) selection Golden Bell Tree kind woodlot is simultaneously cleared up reproducing area and is turned over,
(2-2) selects Golden Bell Tree to plant base manure,
(2-3) determines planting density,
(2-4) seedling: digging cave, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, be colonized,
(2-5) tending management and top dressing,
(2-6) trimming field planting,
(2-7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
Above-mentioned Golden Bell Tree cultural method, in step (1-1): the cuttage and seedling culture in seedling cultivation greenhouse, cutting medium are matched
Than are as follows: river sand 50wt%, yellow soil 30wt% and the peat soil 20wt% of 40-80 mesh, the permanganic acid of cutting medium 0.5wt%
Potassium solution is drenched twice, and is cleaned with clear water；Use the container for plant growth made of nonwoven material of filling matrix as cuttage and seedling culture container, rule
Lattice: diameter 8-10cm, height 15cm；
In step (1-2): Cutting test is handed in season greenhouse in spring and summer and is carried out, when field Golden Bell Tree rudiment bar is long extremely
When 30-60cm, it is spare that clip rudiment bar takes back greenhouse；It takes the full bud in rudiment bar middle section and semi-lignified part is as fringe bar, use
Fringe bar is cut into long 15~25 centimetres of cuttings by sharp secateurs, and there are two sections for each cuttings band；Notch upper end is cut flat with, from upper section
2-3cm, upper section blade leave 50% blade face；Each cuttings contain 2-3 branches and leaves, notch lower end at the lower section 2-3cm of lower section,
Lower end base portion is cut into inclined-plane, and cut surface is smooth, phozy, and lower section blade is wiped out together with petiole；It is cut before 8:00 in the morning
Cuttings is taken, and stores cuttings with the bubble chamber of heat preservation, moisturizing, in order to avoid cuttings dehydration.
Above-mentioned Golden Bell Tree cultural method, in step (1-3): the cuttings sheared is wettable with 50wt% carbendazim
Property 800~1000 times of liquid of pulvis impregnate about 3-5min, pasteurised completely is carried out, with clear water wash clean after disinfection；
In step (1-4): by the base portion of cuttings be placed in the ABT that concentration is 500ppm take root impregnate 2 in amidin~
3min, it is to be inserted after taking-up；Or with pipettor by the ABT that 10uL, concentration are 1000ppm take root amidin be injected at lower section notch
Inside, immediately cuttage.
Above-mentioned Golden Bell Tree cultural method, in step (1-5): skewer fringe insertion matrix 1.5cm is deep, after cuttage immediately
It sprinkles profoundly water；Stromal surface Yu scion strip is sufficiently enriched；Keep cuttage seedbed humidity in 95% or more, temperature at 30 degree or less；It is raw
The shady net of the covering of root initial stage film and 90% or more shade rate；Golden Bell Tree is taken root situation are as follows: starts to take root after 1 month, from
1~2 main root is born in fringe bar base portion side bast position, then many fibrous roots are grown from main root, and wherein main root is very sturdy,
Root color is brown；
In step (1-6): opening shading screen after cuttage 35-40 days, start full exposure hardening；Period is conventional by nursery lot
It is managed, is poured apply once, according to seedling with 800~1000 times of liquid of 50wt% carbendazol wettable powder in conjunction with watering every other week
The upgrowth situation of wood makees foliage top dressing with nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer top dressing, or using Foliage nutrient solution；Pay attention to observing disease pest danger
Evil, once occurrence injury, is prevented and treated in time；Hardening is out of the garden field planting after 4~May；Be out of the garden Seedling Criterion: height of seedling 100cm
More than, well developed root system, no disease and pests harm.
Above-mentioned Golden Bell Tree cultural method, in step (1-1): the pre-buried ventilative monitoring pipe in cutting medium, it is described
Ventilative monitoring pipe ring is 2-3cm around cuttage center and with the cuttage center distance M1；It is described it is ventilative monitoring pipe bottom end with
The vertical range M2 of cuttings bottom end is 2-3cm；The outer diameter of the ventilative monitoring pipe is 0.5-1.5cm；After cuttage 30-35 days, pull out
Filling granularity is the river sand of 10-20 mesh in hole after the ventilative monitoring is managed and extracted out；The side of the ventilative monitoring pipe
Wall can fire the air hole that aperture is 1-2mm, and the distance of the neighbouring air hole is 0.3-0.5mm, the adjacent institute in left and right
The cambered surface spacing for stating air hole is also 0.3-0.5mm, and cuttage terminates while cutting medium waters in the ventilative monitoring pipe
Fill mangosteen extracting solution, mangosteen extracting solution the preparation method is as follows: take fresh mangosteen, take out mangosteen meat, mangosteen shell be beaten, mistake
It filters up to mangosteen extracting solution.
Above-mentioned Golden Bell Tree cultural method, in step (1-1): firmly indentation matrix is close in cutting medium after cuttage
Real conical pipe, yellow soil permeability hole is fired on the closely knit conical pipe side wall of matrix, and the aperture of the yellow soil permeability hole is 1-
2mm, the spacing of the neighbouring yellow soil permeability hole are 0.3-0.5mm, the cambered surface of the adjacent yellow soil permeability hole in left and right
Spacing is also 0.3-0.5mm, and yellow soil is prefilled in the closely knit conical pipe of matrix and is filled to from the yellow soil and is permeated
It seeps water outward in hole；The closely knit conical pipe of matrix is 2-3cm around cuttage center and with the cuttage center distance N1；It is described
The bottom of the closely knit conical pipe of matrix and the vertical range N2 of cuttings bottom end are 0.5-1cm；The outer diameter of the closely knit conical pipe of matrix
For 0.5-1cm.
Above-mentioned Golden Bell Tree cultural method, in step (2-1): select loosing soil fertile to the garden of cultivating large seedling,
It pours and well-drained place, perfecting program and the irrigation canals and ditches for putting row irrigation in order；Reproducing area first carries out comprehensive site preparation cleaning, cuts
Except all miscellaneous fillings, and remaining branches and leaves are spread with burning or burnt in a heap comprehensively；Using mechanical overall site preparation, cultivate deep 30-40cm；Turnplow trench digging:
Line-spacing 3m, trench digging ditch depth 40cm；
In step (2-2): windbell wood plantation base manure is made of the component of following parts by weight: 75 parts by weight livestock and poultry fertilizer, 18
Parts by weight phosphate fertilizer, 7 parts by weight potash fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 parts sulfuric acid zinc (promoting tiller, branch, keep tree crown full) make base manure；
Above-mentioned Golden Bell Tree cultural method, in step (2-3): spacing in the rows 2-2.5m, line-spacing 3m；In step (2-
4) in: digging kind of a plant hole by 2-2.5m × 3m seeding row spacing, cave specification is 40cm × 40cm × 40cm, picks most stone and tree when digging cave
Root, one week before planting, the kind plant hole dug was first the cave 500-1000g/ in kind of the only basal dressing of plant hole bill kept on file according to dose, so
It is colonized after the depth of the cave Hui Tuzhi 1/4-1/5 afterwards, Hui Tuwei returns the topsoil around cave；Container seedling is colonized in cave after saturating rain,
Two, which are buried, by three when field planting steps on an operation sequence for mentioning seedling；When seedling, remove Seedling bag, kind pressure stabilizing is real, compares since windbell wood is dry
Softness is easy lodging, and to keep good form, when plantation inserts vertical bamboo pole around nursery stock, and is tied up windbell wooden seedling with rope
On bamboo pole；
Above-mentioned Golden Bell Tree cultural method, in step (2-5): initial planting top dressing frequently to apply it is thin apply, every two months
Spraying fertilizer is primary；It is primary that half a year top dressing is adjusted to after top dressing 2 times, third year, the 4th year, annual top dressing was primary；From tree root when top dressing
Crescent dressing furrow is opened at 20-30cm or each side opens a fertilising cave in tree root, and fertilizer applies in cave, backfills 1-
The surface soil of 2 cm thicks；Juvenile stage windbell wood top dressing is used in mixed way using nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and top dressing usage amount is every plant
Each nitrogenous fertilizer 30g, phosphate fertilizer 50g and compound fertilizer 40g, wait windbells wood long and double to dose after triennial；Field planting removes October current year
Careless primary, May next year and each weeding in October are primary, and it is additional by 200g/ plants in conjunction with weeding to be colonized second year and the May in third year
It is each primary to impose compound fertilizer；
In step (2-6): windbell wood growth period periodically carries out trimming and finishing, cuts off short mitogenetic side shoot, winter
It is unified after fallen leaves to carry out a Pruning and rectifying, the even side shoot of disease branch, withered branch and short punishment life is cut off, keeps trunk growth logical
Directly, removing the weaker rudiment bar of growing way stays a root growth to lead to the thicker bamboo pole of straight stem, is then colonized with bamboo pole, prevents from lodging；
When trunk grow tall 1.8~2 meters when, retain top on branch formed tree crown, by 3~4 years crop fields cultivate, be up to 3 in plant
Meter or more, diameter can be out of the garden greening when 4~6 centimetres thick.
Above-mentioned Golden Bell Tree cultural method, in step (2-7): it is leaf spot, prevention and treatment side that windbell wood, which often has disease,
Method are as follows: using 70% thiophanate methyl pulvis, 800 times of liquid and yellow leaf one spray it is green it is every packet 15 grams plus 15-20 kilograms of alternating of water spray it is anti-
Control or 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 600 times of liquid and yellow leaf one spray 15 grams of green every packet plus 15-20 kilograms of alternating of water spray it is anti-
It controls；Pyrethrin pesticide prevention and treatment: 10% 2000 times of permethrin milk oil liquid or 9,0%0,000 clever wettable powder 2000- can be used in insect pest
3000 times of liquid spray 1 time, even spray 3-4 times for every 7-10 days.
Technical solution of the present invention achieves following beneficial technical effect: according to callus shape during cuttage and seedling culture
Stage of at the stage and largely taking root requires the difference of cutting medium, and by improving cuttage technique, chrysanthemum wind is greatly improved
The cuttage survival rate of Suzuki, the quick cultivating that can be realized Golden Bell Tree grow into forest.
Detailed description of the invention
Golden Bell Tree cuttage and seedling culture container top view in Fig. 1 present invention；
The cross-sectional view in the one of direction of Golden Bell Tree cuttage and seedling culture container in Fig. 2 present invention；
The cross-sectional view in another direction of Golden Bell Tree cuttage and seedling culture container in Fig. 3 present invention；
The cross-sectional view in a direction of the Golden Bell Tree cuttage and seedling culture container after cuttage 30-35 in Fig. 4 present invention；
The ventilative monitoring pipe of Fig. 5 pulls out the built-in structural schematic diagram for filling out river sand of rear hole；
The closely knit conical pipe of Fig. 6 matrix pulls out the built-in structural schematic diagram for filling out river sand of rear hole.
In figure: the ventilative monitoring pipe of 1-；11- air hole；2- cuttage center；3- cuttings；The closely knit conical pipe of 4- matrix；41- is yellow
Cubsoil permeability hole.
Specific embodiment
First part, Golden Bell Tree cuttage raise seedling technique
Embodiment 1
(1-1) selects cutting medium and container
The cuttage and seedling culture in seedling cultivation greenhouse, cutting medium proportion are as follows: river sand 50wt%, the yellow soil 30wt% of 40-80 mesh
With peat soil 20wt%, cutting medium is drenched twice with the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.5wt%, and is cleaned with clear water；Use filling
The container for plant growth made of nonwoven material of matrix is as cuttage and seedling culture container, specification: diameter 10cm, height 15cm；
(1-2) acquires rudiment bar, clip cuttings
Cutting test is handed in season greenhouse in spring and summer and is carried out, when field Golden Bell Tree rudiment bar it is long to 30-60cm when, clip
It is spare that rudiment bar takes back greenhouse；It takes the full bud in rudiment bar middle section and semi-lignified part is as fringe bar, with sharp secateurs by fringe
Item is cut into long 15~25 centimetres of cuttings, and there are two sections for each cuttings band；Notch upper end is cut flat with, from upper section 2-3cm, upper section blade
Leave 50% blade face；Each cuttings contains 2-3 branches and leaves, and at the lower section 2-3cm of lower section, lower end base portion is cut into tiltedly for notch lower end
Face, cut surface is smooth, phozy, and lower section blade is wiped out together with petiole；Clip cuttings before 8:00 in the morning, and with protect
Temperature, the bubble chamber storage cuttings of moisturizing, in order to avoid cuttings dehydration.
The sterilization of (1-3) fringe bar and disinfection
The cuttings sheared 800~1000 times of liquid of 50wt% carbendazol wettable powder are impregnated into about 3-5min, are carried out
Pasteurised completely, with clear water wash clean after disinfection；
(1-4) handles fringe bar with root-promoting hormone
The base portion of cuttings is placed in the ABT that concentration is 500ppm and taken root and impregnates 2~3min in amidin, after taking-up to
It inserts；Or the ABT that 10uL, concentration are 1000ppm amidin of taking root is injected inside the notch of lower section with pipettor, skewer immediately
It inserts.
(1-5) cuttage
Skewer fringe insertion matrix 1.5cm is deep, it is sprinkled profoundly water immediately after cuttage；Stromal surface Yu scion strip is sufficiently enriched；It keeps
Cuttage seedbed humidity is in 95% or more, temperature at 30 degree or less；Take root initial stage covering film and 90% or more shade rate shady net；
Golden Bell Tree is taken root situation are as follows: and start to take root after 1 month, bears 1~2 main root from fringe bar base portion side bast position,
Many fibrous roots are grown from main root again, wherein main root is very sturdy, and root color is brown.
(1-6) hardening management
Shading screen is gradually opened after cuttage 35-40 days, starts full exposure hardening；Period is routinely managed by nursery lot,
It is poured and is applied once, according to the growth of nursery stock with 800~1000 times of liquid of 50wt% carbendazol wettable powder in conjunction with watering every other week
Situation makees foliage top dressing with nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer top dressing, or using Foliage nutrient solution；Pay attention to observing disease pest harm, once hair
Raw harm, is prevented and treated in time；Hardening is out of the garden field planting after 4~5 months；Be out of the garden Seedling Criterion: height of seedling 100cm or more, root
System is flourishing, no disease and pests harm.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment the difference from embodiment 1 is that: it is pre-buried in cutting medium as shown in Fig. 2, in step (1-1)
Four ventilative monitoring pipes 1, the ventilative monitoring pipe 1 select the round bottom plastic centrifuge tube (specification: spout diameter 9mm, nozzle of 2mL
Outer diameter 13mm, height 42mm) it is made: by the excision of round bottom plastic centrifuge bottom of the tube round bottom (excision height 2mm), and remove bottle cap；
Four ventilative monitoring pipes 1 are 2-3cm around 2 equidistantly distributed of cuttage center and with the 2 distance M1 of cuttage center；Institute
The vertical range M2 of the bottom end and 3 bottom end of cuttings of stating ventilative monitoring pipe 1 is 2-3cm, and ventilative 1 nozzle of monitoring pipe is higher by cuttage
Substrate upper surface 1-2mm, using the ventilative monitoring pipe 1 can play monitoring cutting medium watering whether sufficiently and whether mistake
More, watering to ventilative 1 bottom of monitoring pipe has water exudation every time；After cuttage 30-35 days, the ventilative monitoring pipe is extracted
1 and extract after hole in filling granularity be 10-20 mesh river sand (as shown in Figure 4).
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment the difference from embodiment 1 is that: as shown in figure 3, in step (1-1), in cutting medium after cuttage
In firmly the indentation closely knit conical pipe 4 of four matrix, the closely knit conical pipe 4 of the matrix select 0.2mL point bottom plastic centrifuge tube (rule
Lattice: spout diameter 5mm, nozzle outer diameter 7mm, height 22mm) it is made, go cap removing；It is burnt on closely knit 4 side wall of conical pipe of matrix
Manufacture-yellow cubsoil permeability hole 41, the aperture of the yellow soil permeability hole 41 are 1-2mm, the neighbouring yellow soil permeability hole 41
Spacing is 0.3-0.5mm, and the cambered surface spacing of the adjacent yellow soil permeability hole 41 in left and right is also 0.3-0.5mm, and the matrix is close
It is prefilled with yellow soil in real conical pipe 4 and is filled to from the infiltration outward of yellow soil permeability hole 41；Four matrix are close
Real conical pipe 4 is 2-3cm around 2 equidistantly distributed of cuttage center and with the 2 distance N1 of cuttage center；The matrix is closely knit
The bottom of conical pipe 4 and the vertical range N2 of 3 bottom end of cuttings are 0.5-1cm, the bottle cap lower edge of the closely knit conical pipe 4 of matrix
It is concordant with cutting medium upper surface, it may be assumed that the pipe shaft of the closely knit conical pipe 4 of matrix is fully inserted into inside cutting medium；Cuttage 30-
After 35 days, the closely knit conical pipe 4 of the matrix is pulled out, and loads the river sand that granularity is 10-20 mesh in the hole after extraction and (such as schemes
Shown in 6).
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment the difference from example 2 is that: as shown in figure 5, it is described it is ventilative monitoring pipe 1 side wall on fire aperture
For the air hole 11 of 1-2mm, the distance of the neighbouring air hole 11 is 0.3-0.5mm, the adjacent air hole 11 in left and right
Cambered surface spacing be also 0.3-0.5mm, cuttage terminates to fill mangosteen in the ventilative monitoring pipe 1 while cutting medium watering
Extracting solution, mangosteen extracting solution the preparation method is as follows: take fresh mangosteen, take out mangosteen meat, mangosteen shell be beaten, filter up to mountain
Bamboo extracting solution.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 4 are: as shown in Figure 1, in step (1-1), in cutting medium after cuttage
In firmly the indentation closely knit conical pipe 4 of four matrix, the closely knit conical pipe 4 of the matrix select 0.2mL point bottom plastic centrifuge tube (rule
Lattice: spout diameter 5mm, nozzle outer diameter 7mm, height 22mm) it is made, go cap removing；It is burnt on closely knit 4 side wall of conical pipe of matrix
Manufacture-yellow cubsoil permeability hole 41, the aperture of the yellow soil permeability hole 41 are 1-2mm, the neighbouring yellow soil permeability hole 41
Spacing is 0.3-0.5mm, and the cambered surface spacing of the adjacent yellow soil permeability hole 41 in left and right is also 0.3-0.5mm, and the matrix is close
It is prefilled with yellow soil in real conical pipe 4 and is filled to from the infiltration outward of yellow soil permeability hole 41；Four matrix are close
Real conical pipe 4 is 2-3cm around 2 equidistantly distributed of cuttage center and with the 2 distance N1 of cuttage center；The matrix is closely knit
The bottom of conical pipe 4 and the vertical range N2 of 3 bottom end of cuttings are 0.5-1cm, the bottle cap lower edge of the closely knit conical pipe 4 of matrix
It is concordant with cutting medium upper surface, it may be assumed that the pipe shaft of the closely knit conical pipe 4 of matrix is fully inserted into inside cutting medium；The base
The outer diameter of the closely knit conical pipe 4 of matter is 0.5-1cm.The closely knit conical pipe 4 of matrix distributes alternately with the ventilative monitoring pipe 1.
Embodiment 1 is as shown in the table to 5 cuttage of embodiment, 35 days rooting rates and 90 days survival rates of cuttage:
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | |
| 35 days rooting rates | 20.27% | 23.67% | 33.14% | 47.63% | 62.78% |
| 90 days survival rates | 27.31% | 34.21% | 45.37% | 64.71% | 81.12% |
By embodiment 1 and the comparison of embodiment 2 it can be seen that ventilative inside cutting medium be conducive to improve rooting rate, cuttage
After 30-35 days pull out, be conducive to improve survival rate；This is because the formation of incision wound tissue not only need suitable temperature and
Humidity, it is also desirable to which cutting medium has suitable gas permeability, but the proportion of each ingredient of cutting medium itself has substantially met and wanted
It asks；But in comparison, after callus is formed, a large amount of root of hair stages are relatively higher to gas permeability requirements, thus
The ventilative monitoring pipe 1 biggish river sand of loaded particles later is pulled out, is conducive to cutting medium and keeps good gas permeability, reduce
New root necrosis, to improve 90 days survival rates to a certain extent.The rooting rate of embodiment 1 and the basic phase of embodiment 2
When, but final 90 days survival rates differ about 7% with 35 days rooting rates, in embodiment 2 final 90 days survival rates with 35 days
Rooting rate difference about 11%, reason be exactly take root the stage needs gas permeability it is higher than callus formation stages, big
Amount is taken root the stage, if cutting medium does not improve gas permeability, new root instead can be downright bad, to reduce survival rate.It needs to refer to
Out: the ventilative monitoring pipe 1 cannot be less than bottom end and the cuttings 3 of 2cm and the ventilative monitoring pipe 1 apart from cuttage center
The vertical range M2 of bottom end cannot be less than 2cm, and the cutting medium consolidation degree that otherwise will cause around cuttings is inadequate, influences callus
The formation of tissue；But the ventilative monitoring pipe 1 can not be greater than the bottom of 3cm and the ventilative monitoring pipe 1 apart from cuttage center
The vertical range M2 at end and 3 bottom end of cuttings can not be greater than 3cm, otherwise will not keep the cuttage base around cuttings in the stage of taking root
Matter has good gas permeability.
It is compared from embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 it can be seen that being pressed into the matrix after cuttage into cutting medium
Closely knit conical pipe 4, so that the cutting medium more consolidation around cuttings, is conducive to calli induction, and cutting medium
Considered based on the higher angle of stage gas permeability requirements of taking root, the ratio of yellow soil is unsuitable excessively high, and it is bad otherwise to will cause new root
Extremely；And callus formation stages require cutting medium relatively consolidation, are packed into this way in the closely knit conical pipe 4 of the matrix
After yellow soil, callus formation stages water meeting so that yellow soil in the closely knit conical pipe 4 of the matrix to cutting medium
It is gradually penetrated into surrounding cutting medium from yellow soil permeability hole 41 with water, thus further such that cuttage around cuttings
Gradually more consolidation so that cuttings notch smoothly passes through starting period, division stage and forms the phase is conducive to the shape of callus to matrix
At largely to take root and laying the foundation.In addition, the closely knit conical pipe 4 of matrix cannot be less than 2cm and described apart from cuttage center
The bottom end of the closely knit conical pipe 4 of matrix and the vertical range N2 of 3 bottom end of cuttings cannot be less than 0.5cm, otherwise will cause around cuttings
Cutting medium thickness low LCL and excessively consolidation, influence calli induction；But closely knit 4 distance of conical pipe of matrix
Cuttage center can not be greater than 3cm and the bottom end of the closely knit conical pipe 4 of the matrix and the vertical range N2 of 3 bottom end of cuttings can not
Greater than 1cm, it otherwise cannot ensure that the cutting medium around cuttings has enough consolidation degree, can not be kept in the stage of taking root
Cutting medium around cuttings has good gas permeability.
By embodiment 1 and the comparison of embodiment 4 it can be seen that mangosteen extracting solution, which is perfused, in the ventilative monitoring pipe 1 to seep
Thoroughly into the cutting medium around cuttings, is conducive to calli induction and cuttings is largely taken root.
By embodiment 5 it can be seen that the consolidation for passing through the cutting medium around callus formation stages improvement cuttings
Degree and mangosteen extracting solution is gradually penetrated into the cutting medium around cuttings, and improve around cuttings in the stage of taking root
The rooting rate and survival rate of cuttings greatly improved in gas permeability around cutting medium.
Second part, Golden Bell Tree field cultivation, fertilising and tending management technology
(2-1) selection Golden Bell Tree kind woodlot is simultaneously cleared up reproducing area and is turned over,
Select loosing soil fertile to the garden of cultivating large seedling, pour with well-drained place, perfecting program and put in order
The irrigation canals and ditches of row irrigation；Reproducing area first carries out comprehensive site preparation cleaning, surgeries all miscellaneous fillings, and remaining branches and leaves are spread with burning or heap comprehensively
It burns；Using mechanical overall site preparation, cultivate deep 30-40cm；Turnplow trench digging: line-spacing 3m, trench digging ditch depth 40cm；
(2-2) selects Golden Bell Tree to plant base manure
Windbell wood plantation base manure is made of the component of following parts by weight: 75kg livestock and poultry fertilizer, 18kg phosphate fertilizer, 7kg potash fertilizer, 0.1-
0.5kg zinc sulfate (promoting tiller, branch, keep tree crown full) makees base manure；
(2-3) determines planting density, spacing in the rows 2-2.5m, line-spacing 3m.
(2-4) seedling: cave is dug, applies fertilizer to the subsoil, be colonized
Dig kind of a plant hole by 2-2.5m × 3m seeding row spacing, cave specification is 40cm × 40cm × 40cm, picked when digging cave most stone and
Tree root, one week before planting, the kind plant hole dug was first the cave 500-100g/ in kind of the only basal dressing of plant hole bill kept on file according to dose,
Then it is colonized after returning soil to the cave 1/4-1/5 depth, Hui Tuwei returns the topsoil around cave；Container seedling is colonized in cave after saturating rain
Interior, when field planting, buries two by three and steps on an operation sequence for mentioning seedling；When seedling, remove Seedling bag, kind pressure stabilizing is real, due to the dry ratio of windbell wood
Relatively soft easy lodging, to keep good form, when plantation, inserts vertical bamboo pole around nursery stock, and is tied up windbell wooden seedling with rope
On bamboo pole；
(2-5) tending management and top dressing
Initial planting top dressing frequently to apply it is thin apply, it is primary every two months spraying fertilizers；Half a year top dressing one is adjusted to after top dressing 2 times
Secondary, third year, the 4th year, annual top dressing was primary；From opening crescent dressing furrow at tree root 20-30cm or in tree root when top dressing
A fertilising cave is each side opened, fertilizer applies in cave, backfills the surface soil of 1-2 cm thick；Juvenile stage windbell wood top dressing uses
Nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer are used in mixed way, top dressing usage amount be every plant of each nitrogenous fertilizer 30g, phosphate fertilizer 50g and compound fertilizer 40g, etc.
Windbell wood length to dose after triennial doubles；Field planting weeding in October current year is primary, and May next year and each weeding in October are primary, field planting
It is each primary in conjunction with weeding compound fertilizer additionally to be imposed by 200g/ plants the May in second year and third year；
(2-6) trimming field planting
Windbell wood growth period periodically carries out trimming and finishing, cuts off short mitogenetic side shoot, unified progress after winter fallen leaves
Pruning and rectifying cuts off disease branch, withered branch and the raw even side shoot of short punishment, keeps trunk growth logical straight, remove growing way compared with
Weak rudiment bar stays a root growth to lead to the thicker bamboo pole of straight stem, is then colonized with bamboo pole, prevents from lodging；When trunk grows tall 1.8
At~2 meters, the branch retained on top forms tree crown, cultivates by 3~4 years crop fields, is up to 3 meters or more in plant, and diameter thick 4~
Can be out of the garden greening at 6 centimetres.
(2-7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
It is leaf spot, control method that windbell wood, which often has disease, are as follows: uses 70% thiophanate methyl pulvis, 800 times of liquid and Huang
Leaf one sprays 15 grams of green every packet plus 15-20 kilograms of alternating of water sprays prevention and treatment or 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 600 times of liquid and Huang
Leaf one sprays 15 grams of green every packet plus 15-20 kilograms of alternating of water sprays prevention and treatment；Pyrethrin pesticide prevention and treatment: 10% chlorine cyanogen chrysanthemum can be used in insect pest
2000 times of liquid of emulsifiable concentrate or 9,0%0,000 2000-3000 times of liquid of clever wettable powder, spray 1 time, even spray 3-4 times for every 7-10 days.It is yellow
Flower windbell wood fast growing, by 3 years big seedling cultivations, the plant of the thick 7-8cm or more of Golden Bell Tree diameter accounted for plant sum about
30%.
Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarifying the description, and does not limit the embodiments.It is right
For those of ordinary skill in the art, can also make on the basis of the above description it is other it is various forms of variation or
It changes.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And it is extended from this it is obvious variation or
It changes among still in present patent application scope of protection of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. Golden Bell Tree cultural method, which comprises the steps of:
(1) Golden Bell Tree cuttage and seedling culture:
(1-1) selects cutting medium and container,
(1-2) acquisition rudiment bar, clip cuttings,
The sterilization of (1-3) fringe bar and disinfection,
(1-4) handles fringe bar with root-promoting hormone,
(1-5) cuttage,
(1-6) hardening management；
(2) Golden Bell Tree field cultivation, fertilising and tending management:
(2-1) selection Golden Bell Tree kind woodlot is simultaneously cleared up reproducing area and is turned over,
(2-2) selects Golden Bell Tree to plant base manure,
(2-3) determines planting density,
(2-4) seedling: digging cave, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, be colonized,
(2-5) tending management and top dressing,
(2-6) trimming field planting,
(2-7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
2. Golden Bell Tree cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step (1-1): the cuttage and seedling culture in seedling cultivation greenhouse, cutting medium proportion are as follows: river sand 50wt%, the Huang of 40-80 mesh
Cubsoil 30wt% and peat soil 20wt%, cutting medium is drenched twice with the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.5wt%, and is washed with clear water
Only；Use the container for plant growth made of nonwoven material of filling matrix as cuttage and seedling culture container, specification: diameter 8-10cm, height 15cm；
In step (1-2): Cutting test is handed in season greenhouse in spring and summer and is carried out, when field Golden Bell Tree rudiment bar is long to 30-
When 60cm, it is spare that clip rudiment bar takes back greenhouse；It takes the full bud in rudiment bar middle section and semi-lignified part is as fringe bar, use is sharp
Secateurs fringe bar is cut into long 15~25 centimetres of cuttings, there are two sections for each cuttings band；Notch upper end is cut flat with, from upper section 2-
3cm, upper section blade leave 50% blade face；Each cuttings contain 2-3 branches and leaves, notch lower end at the lower section 2-3cm of lower section, under
Inclined-plane is cut into end group portion, and cut surface is smooth, phozy, and lower section blade is wiped out together with petiole；Clip before 8:00 in the morning
Cuttings, and cuttings is stored with the bubble chamber of heat preservation, moisturizing, in order to avoid cuttings dehydration.
3. Golden Bell Tree cultural method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
In step (1-3): the cuttings sheared 800~1000 times of liquid of 50wt% carbendazol wettable powder are impregnated about 3-
5min carries out pasteurised completely, with clear water wash clean after disinfection；
In step (1-4): the base portion of cuttings is placed in the ABT that concentration is 500ppm and taken root and impregnates 2~3min in amidin,
It is to be inserted after taking-up；Or with pipettor by the ABT that 10uL, concentration are 1000ppm take root amidin be injected at lower section notch inside,
Cuttage immediately.
4. Golden Bell Tree cultural method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that
In step (1-5): skewer fringe insertion matrix 1.5cm is deep, it is sprinkled profoundly water immediately after cuttage；Stromal surface is abundant Yu scion strip
It enriches；Keep cuttage seedbed humidity in 95% or more, temperature at 30 degree or less；Take root initial stage covering film and shade rate 90% with
On shady net；
In step (1-6): opening shading screen after cuttage 35-40 days, start full exposure hardening；Period is routinely carried out by nursery lot
Management is poured with 800~1000 times of liquid of 50wt% carbendazol wettable powder in conjunction with watering apply once, according to nursery stock every other week
Upgrowth situation makees foliage top dressing with nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer top dressing, or using Foliage nutrient solution；Notice that observing disease pest endangers, one
Denier occurrence injury, is prevented and treated in time；Hardening is out of the garden field planting after 4~5 months；Be out of the garden Seedling Criterion: height of seedling 100cm with
On, well developed root system, no disease and pests harm.
5. Golden Bell Tree cultural method according to claim 1 to 4, which is characterized in that in step (1-1):
Pre-buried ventilative monitoring pipe (1) in cutting medium, the ventilative monitoring pipe (1) circular cuttage center (2) and with the cuttage center
(2) distance M1 is 2-3cm；The bottom end of the ventilative monitoring pipe (1) and the vertical range M2 of cuttings (3) bottom end are 2-3cm；Institute
The outer diameter for stating ventilative monitoring pipe (1) is 0.5-1.5cm；After cuttage 30-35 days, extracts the ventilative monitoring pipe (1) and extract
Filling granularity is the river sand of 10-20 mesh in hole afterwards；It is 1-2mm that the side wall of the ventilative monitoring pipe (1), which can fire aperture,
Air hole (11), the distance of the neighbouring air hole (11) is 0.3-0.5mm, the adjacent air hole (11) in left and right
Cambered surface spacing is also 0.3-0.5mm, fills mangosteen in the ventilative monitoring pipe (1) while cuttage terminates cutting medium watering
Extracting solution, mangosteen extracting solution the preparation method is as follows: take fresh mangosteen, take out mangosteen meat, mangosteen shell be beaten, filter up to mountain
Bamboo extracting solution.
6. Golden Bell Tree cultural method described in -4 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1-1), after cuttage
The closely knit conical pipe of matrix (4) firmly are pressed into cutting medium, yellow soil is fired on the closely knit conical pipe of matrix (4) side wall and is seeped
Open-work (41), the aperture of the yellow soil permeability hole (41) are 1-2mm, the spacing of the neighbouring yellow soil permeability hole (41)
Cambered surface spacing for 0.3-0.5mm, the adjacent yellow soil permeability hole (41) in left and right is also 0.3-0.5mm, and the matrix is closely knit
It is prefilled with yellow soil in conical pipe (4) and is filled to from the yellow soil permeability hole (41) and seeps water outward；The matrix is closely knit
Conical pipe (4) is 2-3cm around cuttage center (2) and with cuttage center (2) the distance N1；The closely knit conical pipe of matrix
(4) the vertical range N2 of bottom and cuttings (3) bottom end is 0.5-1cm；The outer diameter of the closely knit conical pipe of matrix (4) is 0.5-
1cm。
7. Golden Bell Tree cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step (2-1): selecting loosing soil fertile to the garden of cultivating large seedling, rule are carried out in pouring and well-drained place
Draw and put in order the irrigation canals and ditches of row irrigation；Reproducing area first carries out comprehensive site preparation cleaning, surgeries all miscellaneous fillings, and comprehensive to remaining branches and leaves
Paving burning or burnt in a heap；Using mechanical overall site preparation, cultivate deep 30-40cm；Turnplow trench digging: line-spacing 3m, trench digging ditch depth 40cm；
In step (2-2): windbell wood plantation base manure is made of the component of following parts by weight: 75 parts by weight livestock and poultry fertilizer, 18 weight
Part phosphate fertilizer, 7 parts by weight potash fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 parts sulfuric acid zinc make base manure.
8. Golden Bell Tree cultural method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that
In step (2-3): spacing in the rows 2-2.5m, line-spacing 3m；
In step (2-4): digging kind of a plant hole by 2-2.5m × 3m seeding row spacing, cave specification is 40cm × 40cm × 40cm, when digging cave
Most stone and tree root are picked, one week before planting, the kind plant hole dug was first the cave 500-1000g/ at kind of a plant hole bottom according to dose
Independent basal dressing is colonized after then returning soil to the cave 1/4-1/5 depth, and Hui Tuwei returns the topsoil around cave；It is after saturating rain that container is small
Seedling is colonized in cave, and when field planting buries two by three and steps on an operation sequence for mentioning seedling；When seedling, remove Seedling bag, kind pressure stabilizing is real, due to
Windbell wood does softer easy lodging, and to keep good form, when plantation inserts vertical bamboo pole around nursery stock, and will with rope
Windbell wooden seedling is tied up on bamboo pole.
9. Golden Bell Tree cultural method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that
In step (2-5): initial planting top dressing frequently to apply it is thin apply, it is primary every two months spraying fertilizers；Half is adjusted to after top dressing 2 times
Year top dressing is primary, and third year, the 4th year, annual top dressing was primary；When top dressing from opened at tree root 20-30cm crescent dressing furrow or
A fertilising cave is each side opened in tree root, fertilizer applies in cave, backfills the surface soil of 1-2 cm thick；Juvenile stage windbell wood
Top dressing is used in mixed way using nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and top dressing usage amount is every plant of each nitrogenous fertilizer 30g, phosphate fertilizer 50g and compound
Fertile 40g waits windbells wood long and doubles to dose after triennial；It is primary to be colonized weeding in October current year, May next year and each weeding in October
Once, it is colonized that in conjunction with weeding additionally to impose compound fertilizer by 200g/ plant in second year and the May in third year each once；
In step (2-6): windbell wood growth period periodically carries out trimming and finishing, cuts off short mitogenetic side shoot, winter fallen leaves
Unify to carry out a Pruning and rectifying afterwards, cut off the even side shoot of disease branch, withered branch and short punishment life, keeps trunk growth logical straight,
Removing the weaker rudiment bar of growing way stays a root growth to lead to the thicker bamboo pole of straight stem, is then colonized with bamboo pole, prevents from lodging；Work as master
It is dry grow tall 1.8~2 meters when, retain top on branch formed tree crown, by 3~4 years crop fields cultivate, plant be up to 3 meters with
On, diameter can be out of the garden greening when 4~6 centimetres thick.
10. Golden Bell Tree cultural method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that in step (2-7): windbell wood
Often having disease is leaf spot, control method are as follows: sprays green every packet 15 using 70% thiophanate methyl pulvis, 800 times of liquid and yellow leaf one
Gram plus 15-20 kilograms of alternating of water sprays prevention and treatment or 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 600 times of liquid and yellow leaf one spray green every packet 15
Gram plus 15-20 kilograms of alternating of water spray prevention and treatment；Pyrethrin pesticide prevention and treatment: 10% 2000 times of permethrin milk oil liquid can be used in insect pest
Or 9,0%0,000 clever 2000-3000 times of liquid of wettable powder, it sprays 1 time within every 7-10 days, even sprays 3-4 times.
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