CN109874524B - Method for cultivating tabebuia avellanedae - Google Patents
Method for cultivating tabebuia avellanedae Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating tabebuia avellanedae, which comprises the following steps: (1) cutting and seedling raising of the tabebuia chrysantha: (1-1) selecting a cutting medium and a container, (1-2) collecting bud strips, shearing cutting slips, (1-3) sterilizing and disinfecting the cuttings, (1-4) treating the cuttings with rooting hormone, (1-5) cutting, and (1-6) hardening management; (2) cultivating, fertilizing and tending the tabebuia hemsleyana in the field: (2-1) selecting a tabebuia avellanedae planting land, cleaning and ploughing the planting land, (2-2) selecting a tabebuia avellanedae planting base fertilizer, (2-3) determining the planting density, and (2-4) planting seedlings: digging holes, applying base fertilizer and planting, (2-5) tending management and topdressing, (2-6) pruning and planting, and (2-7) pest control. The cutting seedling raising technology can effectively improve the survival rate of the tabebuia avellanedae and can realize the rapid cultivation and forest establishment of the tabebuia avellanedae.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of breeding and cultivation. In particular to a method for cultivating the tabebuia avellanedae.
Background
Tabebuia florida belongs to the family of Bignoniaceae, tabebuia genus deciduous trees with the height of up to 5 meters, and tabebuia florida can change the tree of the landscape along with the change of four seasons: branches and leaves are sparse in spring, and beautiful yellow flowers can be formed before and after the joints of Qingming dynasty; bearing fruit pod in summer; in autumn, branches and leaves are flourishing, and the scene is green oil; dry branches and fallen leaves in winter, thus showing the beauty of bitter and cool. Because the hexaflumuron trees exhibit different unique weathers in spring, summer, autumn and winter, the hexaflumuron trees can be used as shade trees or street trees on lawns and ponds in gardens, courtyards, highways and scenic spots, are suitable for being planted independently or planted in parallel for appreciation, and are excellent landscaping tree species.
The tabebuia flavicana belongs to tree species which are difficult to perform cutting seedling raising and afforestation, and generally adopts a sowing method to perform seedling raising and afforestation, but the sowing seedling raising has the defect of long period. In the prior art, root cutting seedling raising and afforestation technologies are adopted, but root cutting requires digging the roots of the tabebuia avellanedae, and large-scale seedling raising and afforestation are difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for cultivating the tabebuia avellanedae by cutting seedling and afforestation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the cultivation method of the tabebuia avellanedae comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting and seedling raising of the tabebuia chrysantha:
(1-1) selecting a cutting medium and a container,
(1-2) collecting the bud strips, cutting the cutting slips,
(1-3) sterilizing and disinfecting the ear strips,
(1-4) treating the scion with rooting hormone,
(1-5) cutting the wood into a cutting,
(1-6) hardening seedling management;
(2) cultivating, fertilizing and tending the tabebuia hemsleyana in the field:
(2-1) selecting the tabebuia avellanedae to plant a forest land, cleaning and ploughing the forest land,
(2-2) selecting a daylily sycamore planting base fertilizer,
(2-3) determining the planting density,
(2-4) seedling: digging holes, applying base fertilizer and planting,
(2-5) tending management and topdressing,
(2-6) pruning and planting,
and (2-7) pest control.
The cultivation method of the tabebuia avellanedae comprises the following steps of (1-1): cutting seedling in a seedling greenhouse, wherein the cutting medium ratio is as follows: 50 wt% of river sand of 40-80 meshes, 30 wt% of yellow core soil and 20 wt% of peat soil, and the cuttage matrix is drenched twice by 0.5 wt% of potassium permanganate solution and cleaned by clear water; the non-woven fabric seedling raising container filled with the matrix is used as a cutting seedling raising container, and the specification is as follows: the diameter is 8-10cm, and the height is 15 cm;
in step (1-2): the cuttage test is carried out in a greenhouse in spring and summer, when the sprout strips of the field tabebuia flavedo are grown to 30-60cm, the sprout strips are cut and returned to the greenhouse for standby; taking a middle full bud and semi-lignified part of a bud strip as a scion strip, cutting the scion strip into cutting slips with the length of 15-25 cm by using a sharp branch shear, wherein each cutting slip is provided with two nodes; cutting the upper end of the cut flat, and leaving 50% of leaf surface on the upper leaf section 2-3cm away from the upper leaf section; each cutting ear contains 2-3 branches and leaves, the lower end of the cut is 2-3cm below the lower section, the base part of the lower end is cut into an inclined plane, the surface of the cut is smooth and has no fuzzing, and the lower section of the leaf and the leaf stalk are cut off together; cutting the cutting before 8:00 in the morning, and storing the cutting in a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation foam box to prevent the cutting from losing water.
The cultivation method of the tabebuia avellanedae comprises the following steps (1-3): soaking the cut cutting slips in 800-1000 times of 50 wt% carbendazim wettable powder for about 3-5min, performing comprehensive disinfection, and cleaning with clear water after disinfection;
in step (1-4): placing the base part of the cutting into an ABT rooting powder aqueous solution with the concentration of 500ppm, soaking for 2-3 min, taking out and then waiting for cutting; or injecting 10uL ABT rooting powder aqueous solution with the concentration of 1000ppm into the lower cut by a pipette, and immediately cutting.
The cultivation method of the tabebuia avellanedae comprises the following steps of (1-5): inserting the cutting spike into the substrate with the depth of 1.5cm, and immediately watering thoroughly after cutting; substantially enriching the substrate surface and the strips; keeping the humidity of the cutting seedbed above 95% and the temperature below 30 ℃; covering a film and a shading net with shading rate of more than 90% at the early rooting stage; the root growing condition of the tabebuia straminea is as follows: the rooting is started after 1 month, 1-2 main roots grow from the phloem position on the side surface of the scion root, and then a plurality of fibrous roots grow from the main roots, wherein the main roots are very thick and the roots are brown;
in step (1-6): uncovering the shading net 35-40 days after cuttage, and starting full light seedling hardening; managing according to a conventional nursery land, watering once every other week by combining with watering, and topdressing by using a 50 wt% carbendazim wettable powder 800-1000 times of liquid, and topdressing by using a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer or using a foliar nutrient solution as an extra-root topdressing according to the growth condition of nursery stocks; observing the damage of diseases and pests, and preventing and treating the diseases and pests in time once the damage occurs; hardening the seedlings for 4-5 months, and then taking out of the nursery to plant in a field; standard of nursery stock: the seedlings are over 100cm high, the root systems are developed, and no diseases or insect pests exist.
The cultivation method of the tabebuia avellanedae comprises the following steps of (1-1): pre-burying an air-permeable monitoring pipe in a cuttage matrix, wherein the air-permeable monitoring pipe surrounds a cuttage center and is 2-3cm away from the cuttage center by M1; the vertical distance M2 between the bottom end of the ventilation monitoring pipe and the bottom end of the cutting is 2-3 cm; the outer diameter of the ventilation monitoring pipe is 0.5-1.5 cm; after 30-35 days of cuttage, pulling out the air permeability monitoring pipe, and filling river sand with the granularity of 10-20 meshes in the pulled hole; air holes with the aperture of 1-2mm can be fired on the side wall of the ventilation monitoring pipe, the distance between the upper air hole and the lower air hole is 0.3-0.5mm, the distance between the cambered surfaces of the left air hole and the right air hole is 0.3-0.5mm, and mangosteen extract is filled into the ventilation monitoring pipe while the cuttage matrix is watered after cuttage is finished, wherein the preparation method of the mangosteen extract comprises the following steps: taking fresh mangosteen, taking out mangosteen flesh, pulping mangosteen shells, and filtering to obtain a mangosteen extracting solution.
The cultivation method of the tabebuia avellanedae comprises the following steps of (1-1): pressing a substrate compact conical tube into a cutting substrate forcibly after cutting, firing loess penetration holes on the side wall of the substrate compact conical tube, wherein the aperture of the loess penetration holes is 1-2mm, the distance between the upper part and the lower part of the lower part which are adjacent to the loess penetration holes is 0.3-0.5mm, the distance between the left side and the right side of the upper part and the lower part which are adjacent to the loess penetration holes is also 0.3-0.5mm, and filling the substrate compact conical tube with loess in advance and injecting water until the loess penetration outwards from the loess penetration holes; the substrate compact conical tube surrounds the cuttage center, and the distance N1 between the substrate compact conical tube and the cuttage center is 2-3 cm; the vertical distance N2 between the bottom of the substrate compact conical tube and the bottom end of the cutting is 0.5-1 cm; the outer diameter of the substrate compact conical tube is 0.5-1 cm.
The cultivation method of the tabebuia avellanedae comprises the following steps of (2-1): selecting a nursery land for cultivating big seedlings, selecting a place with loose and fertile soil and good irrigation and drainage, and planning and organizing a ditch for well irrigating and draining water; firstly, comprehensively preparing and cleaning a forestation land, cutting off all miscellaneous irrigation, and comprehensively paving or stacking the rest branches and leaves; adopting mechanical full reclamation, wherein the reclamation depth is 30-40 cm; ditching by a furrow plough: the row spacing is 3m, and the depth of a ditching ditch is 40 cm;
in the step (2-2): the Chinese tabebuia planting base fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of livestock and poultry fertilizer, 18 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 7 parts of potash fertilizer and 0.1-0.5 part of zinc sulfate (promoting tillering and branching to ensure that the crown is full) are taken as base fertilizers;
the cultivation method of the tabebuia flavedo trees comprises the following steps of (2-3): the plant spacing is 2-2.5m, and the row spacing is 3 m; in step (2-4): digging planting holes according to the row spacing of 2-2.5m multiplied by 3m, wherein the hole specification is 40cm multiplied by 40cm, removing stones and tree roots when digging the holes, in one week before planting, independently applying base fertilizer to the bottom of the planting holes according to the fertilizing amount of 500 plus one 1000 g/hole, then returning soil to the depth of 1/4-1/5 holes and planting, wherein the returned soil is surface soil around the returned holes; planting the container seedlings in the holes after rain penetration, and stepping on one seedling lifting operation procedure according to three-burying and two-stepping operation procedures during planting; when seedlings are planted, bamboo poles are inserted around the seedlings, and the seedlings of the tabebuia avellanedae are tied to the bamboo poles by ropes;
the cultivation method of the tabebuia flavedo trees comprises the following steps of (2-5): topdressing is frequently and thinly applied at the initial stage of planting, and the topdressing is applied once every two months; after 2 times of top dressing, adjusting the fertilizer to once top dressing in half a year, and once top dressing every year in the third year and the fourth year; during topdressing, a crescent fertilizing ditch is opened 20-30cm away from the tree root or a fertilizing hole is opened on each of the left side and the right side of the tree root, fertilizer is applied into the holes, and surface soil with the thickness of 1-2 cm is backfilled; the topdressing of the young tabebuia ebuifolia adopts a mixture of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, the usage amount of the topdressing is 30g of the nitrogen fertilizer, 50g of the phosphate fertilizer and 40g of the compound fertilizer per plant, and the fertilizing amount is doubled after the tabebuia ebuifolia grows to 3 years; weeding once in 10 months of the current year, weeding once in 5 months and 10 months of the next year respectively, and additionally applying compound fertilizers once according to 200 g/plant by combining weeding in 5 months of the second year and the third year respectively;
in step (2-6): pruning and shaping are regularly carried out during the growth period of the tabebuia avellanedae, short meristem lateral branches are cut off, one-time pruning and shaping are uniformly carried out after leaves fall in winter, diseased branches, dead branches and low meristem even lateral branches are cut off, the growth of a main trunk is kept straight, a growing straight stem with thicker stem is left after a bud strip with weaker growth vigor is removed, and then the bamboo stem is used for field planting to prevent lodging; when the trunk grows to be 1.8-2 meters high, the branches on the tops are kept to form crowns, and after cultivation in a field for 3-4 years, the trees can be outplanted and greened when the height of the plants is more than 3 meters and the diameter is 4-6 centimeters thick.
The cultivation method of the tabebuia flavedo trees comprises the following steps of (2-7): the tabebuia avellanedae is often diseased as leaf spot, and the control method comprises the following steps: using 800 times of liquid of 70 percent thiophanate methyl powder and 15 grams of water added into each package of 15 grams of yellow leaf-spraying green to alternately spray the prevention and the control, or using 600 times of liquid of 80 percent mancozeb wettable powder and 15 grams of water added into each package of 15 grams of yellow leaf-spraying green to alternately spray the prevention and the control; insect pests can be controlled by pyrethroid pesticides: the 10% cypermethrin emulsifiable 2000 times liquid or 90% Wanling wettable powder 2000-3000 times liquid is sprayed for 1 time every 7-10 days and continuously sprayed for 3-4 times.
The technical scheme of the invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects: according to different requirements of a callus forming stage and a large number of rooting stages on a cutting medium in a cutting seedling raising process, the cutting survival rate of the tabebuia avellanedae is greatly improved by improving a cutting technology, and the rapid cultivation and forest establishment of the tabebuia avellanedae can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a container for cutting and raising seedlings of tabebuia chrysantha according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a container for raising seedlings of tabebuia flavedo by cutting in one direction according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the container for raising seedlings of tabebuia avellanedae by cutting in another direction;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the container for raising seedlings of tabebuia avellanedae by cutting in one direction after 30-35;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the hole filled with river sand after the ventilation monitoring pipe is pulled out;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of river sand filling in the holes after the removal of the dense conical tube with the matrix.
In the figure: 1-a permeability monitoring tube; 11-air holes; 2-a cuttage center; 3-cutting the spike; 4-matrix dense conical tube; 41-loess infiltration holes.
Detailed Description
First, the cuttage and seedling raising technology for tabebuia chrysantha
Example 1
(1-1) selection of cutting substrate and Container
Cutting seedling in a seedling greenhouse, wherein the cutting medium ratio is as follows: 50 wt% of river sand of 40-80 meshes, 30 wt% of yellow core soil and 20 wt% of peat soil, and the cuttage matrix is drenched twice by 0.5 wt% of potassium permanganate solution and cleaned by clear water; the non-woven fabric seedling raising container filled with the matrix is used as a cutting seedling raising container, and the specification is as follows: the diameter is 10cm, and the height is 15 cm;
(1-2) collecting bud strips, and shearing cutting slips
The cuttage test is carried out in a greenhouse in spring and summer, when the sprout strips of the field tabebuia flavedo are grown to 30-60cm, the sprout strips are cut and returned to the greenhouse for standby; taking a middle full bud and semi-lignified part of a bud strip as a scion strip, cutting the scion strip into cutting slips with the length of 15-25 cm by using a sharp branch shear, wherein each cutting slip is provided with two nodes; cutting the upper end of the cut flat, and leaving 50% of leaf surface on the upper leaf section 2-3cm away from the upper leaf section; each cutting ear contains 2-3 branches and leaves, the lower end of the cut is 2-3cm below the lower section, the base part of the lower end is cut into an inclined plane, the surface of the cut is smooth and has no fuzzing, and the lower section of the leaf and the leaf stalk are cut off together; cutting the cutting before 8:00 in the morning, and storing the cutting in a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation foam box to prevent the cutting from losing water.
(1-3) ear strip Sterilization and Disinfection
Soaking the cut cutting slips in 800-1000 times of 50 wt% carbendazim wettable powder for about 3-5min, performing comprehensive disinfection, and cleaning with clear water after disinfection;
(1-4) treatment of ear strips with rooting hormones
Placing the base part of the cutting into an ABT rooting powder aqueous solution with the concentration of 500ppm, soaking for 2-3 min, taking out and then waiting for cutting; or injecting 10uL ABT rooting powder aqueous solution with the concentration of 1000ppm into the lower cut by a pipette, and immediately cutting.
(1-5) cutting
Inserting the cutting spike into the substrate with the depth of 1.5cm, and immediately watering thoroughly after cutting; substantially enriching the substrate surface and the strips; keeping the humidity of the cutting seedbed above 95% and the temperature below 30 ℃; covering a film and a shading net with shading rate of more than 90% at the early rooting stage; the root growing condition of the tabebuia straminea is as follows: the rooting is started after 1 month, 1-2 main roots grow from the phloem position on the side surface of the scion root, and then a plurality of fibrous roots grow from the main roots, wherein the main roots are very thick and the roots are brown.
(1-6) hardening-seedling management
Gradually uncovering the shading net 35-40 days after cuttage, and starting full light seedling hardening; managing according to a conventional nursery land, watering once every other week by combining with watering, and topdressing by using a 50 wt% carbendazim wettable powder 800-1000 times of liquid, and topdressing by using a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer or using a foliar nutrient solution as an extra-root topdressing according to the growth condition of nursery stocks; observing the damage of diseases and pests, and preventing and treating the diseases and pests in time once the damage occurs; hardening the seedlings for 4-5 months, and then outplanting and planting in a field; standard of nursery stock: the seedlings are over 100cm high, the root systems are developed, and no diseases or insect pests exist.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 in that: as shown in fig. 2, in the step (1-1), four air permeability monitoring tubes 1 are pre-embedded in the cutting medium, and the air permeability monitoring tubes 1 are made of 2mL round-bottom plastic centrifuge tubes (specification: tube opening inner diameter 9mm, tube opening outer diameter 13mm, height 42 mm): cutting off the round bottom at the bottom of the round-bottom plastic centrifuge tube (the cutting height is 2mm), and removing a bottle cap; the four air-permeable monitoring pipes 1 are distributed around the cuttage center 2 at equal intervals, and the distance M1 between the four air-permeable monitoring pipes and the cuttage center 2 is 2-3 cm; the vertical distance M2 between the bottom end of the air-permeable monitoring pipe 1 and the bottom end of the cutting shoot 3 is 2-3cm, the pipe orifice of the air-permeable monitoring pipe 1 is 1-2mm higher than the upper surface of the cutting matrix, the air-permeable monitoring pipe 1 can be used for monitoring whether the cutting matrix is watered sufficiently or excessively, and only water seeps out from the bottom of the air-permeable monitoring pipe 1 when the cutting matrix is watered each time; after 30-35 days of cuttage, the air permeability monitoring pipe 1 is pulled out, and river sand with the granularity of 10-20 meshes is filled in holes after the air permeability monitoring pipe is pulled out (as shown in figure 4).
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 in that: as shown in fig. 3, in step (1-1), after cuttage, four matrix compact conical tubes 4 are pressed into a cuttage matrix with force, wherein the matrix compact conical tubes 4 are made of 0.2mL of pointed-bottom plastic centrifuge tubes (specification: tube mouth inner diameter 5mm, tube mouth outer diameter 7mm, height 22mm), and the bottle caps are removed; firing loess penetration holes 41 on the side wall of the substrate compact conical tube 4, wherein the aperture of the loess penetration holes 41 is 1-2mm, the distance between the upper and lower adjacent loess penetration holes 41 is 0.3-0.5mm, the arc surface distance between the left and right adjacent loess penetration holes 41 is 0.3-0.5mm, and the substrate compact conical tube 4 is filled with loess in advance and injected with water until water seeps outwards from the loess penetration holes 41; the four substrate compact conical tubes 4 are distributed around the cuttage center 2 at equal intervals, and the distance N1 between the four substrate compact conical tubes and the cuttage center 2 is 2-3 cm; the vertical distance N2 between the bottom of the substrate compact conical tube 4 and the bottom end of the cutting shoot 3 is 0.5-1cm, the lower edge of the bottle cap of the substrate compact conical tube 4 is flush with the upper surface of the cutting substrate, namely: the tube body of the substrate compact conical tube 4 is completely inserted into the cuttage substrate; after 30-35 days of cuttage, the substrate compact conical tube 4 is pulled out, and river sand with the granularity of 10-20 meshes (as shown in figure 6) is filled in the pulled hole.
Example 4
This example differs from example 2 in that: as shown in fig. 5, vent holes 11 with a pore diameter of 1-2mm are fired on the side wall of the ventilation monitoring pipe 1, the distance between the upper and lower adjacent vent holes 11 is 0.3-0.5mm, the arc surface distance between the left and right adjacent vent holes 11 is also 0.3-0.5mm, and the ventilation monitoring pipe 1 is filled with mangosteen extract while watering the cuttage matrix after cuttage is finished, wherein the preparation method of the mangosteen extract comprises the following steps: taking fresh mangosteen, taking out mangosteen flesh, pulping mangosteen shells, and filtering to obtain a mangosteen extracting solution.
Example 5
This example differs from example 4 in that: as shown in fig. 1, in step (1-1), after cuttage, four matrix compact conical tubes 4 are pressed into a cuttage matrix with force, wherein the matrix compact conical tubes 4 are made of 0.2mL of pointed-bottom plastic centrifuge tubes (specification: tube mouth inner diameter 5mm, tube mouth outer diameter 7mm, height 22mm), and the bottle caps are removed; firing loess penetration holes 41 on the side wall of the substrate compact conical tube 4, wherein the aperture of the loess penetration holes 41 is 1-2mm, the distance between the upper and lower adjacent loess penetration holes 41 is 0.3-0.5mm, the arc surface distance between the left and right adjacent loess penetration holes 41 is 0.3-0.5mm, and the substrate compact conical tube 4 is filled with loess in advance and injected with water until water seeps outwards from the loess penetration holes 41; the four substrate compact conical tubes 4 are distributed around the cuttage center 2 at equal intervals, and the distance N1 between the four substrate compact conical tubes and the cuttage center 2 is 2-3 cm; the vertical distance N2 between the bottom of the substrate compact conical tube 4 and the bottom end of the cutting shoot 3 is 0.5-1cm, the lower edge of the bottle cap of the substrate compact conical tube 4 is flush with the upper surface of the cutting substrate, namely: the tube body of the substrate compact conical tube 4 is completely inserted into the cuttage substrate; the outer diameter of the substrate compact conical tube 4 is 0.5-1 cm. The substrate compact conical tube 4 and the ventilation monitoring tube 1 are distributed at intervals.
Examples 1-5 cuttage 35-day rooting rate and cuttage 90-day survival rate are shown in the following table:
| example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | |
| 35 days rooting rate | 20.27％ | 23.67％ | 33.14％ | 47.63％ | 62.78％ |
| Survival rate of 90 days | 27.31％ | 34.21％ | 45.37％ | 64.71％ | 81.12％ |
From a comparison of example 1 and example 2, it can be seen that: the inside of the cutting matrix is ventilated, so that the rooting rate is improved, and the survival rate is improved after the cutting is removed in 30-35 days; the formation of the cut callus needs not only proper temperature and humidity, but also proper air permeability of the cutting substrate, but the proportion of each component of the cutting substrate basically meets the requirement; in contrast, after the callus is formed, the requirement on air permeability is higher in a large number of rooting stages, so that river sand with larger particles is filled after the air permeability monitoring pipe 1 is pulled out, good air permeability of a cuttage matrix is kept, and necrosis of new roots is reduced, so that the survival rate is improved to a certain extent for 90 days. The rooting rate of example 1 was substantially equivalent to that of example 2, but the survival rate of the final 90 days was about 7% different from that of 35 days, and the survival rate of the final 90 days was about 11% different from that of 35 days in example 2, because the rooting stage required higher air permeability than the callus formation stage, and in the large number of rooting stages, if the air permeability of the cutting substrate was not improved, the new roots were necrotic, thereby reducing the survival rate. It should be noted that: the distance between the air-permeable monitoring pipe 1 and the cuttage center cannot be less than 2cm, and the vertical distance M2 between the bottom end of the air-permeable monitoring pipe 1 and the bottom end of the cutting shoot 3 cannot be less than 2cm, otherwise, the cuttage matrix around the cutting shoot is not compact enough, and the formation of callus is influenced; but the distance between the air permeability monitoring pipe 1 and the cutting center cannot be more than 3cm, and the vertical distance M2 between the bottom end of the air permeability monitoring pipe 1 and the bottom end of the cutting shoot 3 cannot be more than 3cm, otherwise, the good air permeability of the cutting matrix around the cutting shoot cannot be maintained in the rooting stage.
From a comparison of example 1, example 2 and example 3, it can be seen that: after cuttage, the substrate compact conical tube 4 is pressed into a cuttage substrate, so that the cuttage substrate around the cutting slips is more compact, callus formation is facilitated, the cuttage substrate is considered based on the angle that the requirement on air permeability in a rooting stage is higher, the proportion of yellow core soil is not too high, and otherwise new rooting necrosis is caused; and the callus forming stage requires that the cutting matrix is relatively compact, so that after the matrix compact conical tube 4 is filled with the loess, watering is carried out on the cutting matrix in the callus forming stage to ensure that the loess in the matrix compact conical tube 4 gradually permeates into the cutting matrix around the loess from the loess permeation holes 41 along with water, so that the cutting matrix around the cutting slips is further compact gradually, the cutting slips cut smoothly passes through the starting period, the splitting period and the forming period, the callus forming is facilitated, and a foundation is laid for a large number of rooting. In addition, the distance between the substrate compact conical tube 4 and the cuttage center cannot be less than 2cm, and the vertical distance N2 between the bottom end of the substrate compact conical tube 4 and the bottom end of the cutting shoot 3 cannot be less than 0.5cm, otherwise, the thickness of the cuttage substrate around the cutting shoot is insufficient and too compact, and the formation of callus is influenced; however, the distance between the substrate compact conical tube 4 and the cutting center cannot be more than 3cm, and the vertical distance N2 between the bottom end of the substrate compact conical tube 4 and the bottom end of the cutting shoot 3 cannot be more than 1cm, otherwise, the sufficient compactness of the cutting substrate around the cutting shoot cannot be ensured, and the good air permeability of the cutting substrate around the cutting shoot cannot be maintained in the rooting stage.
From a comparison of example 1 and example 4, it can be seen that: the mangosteen extracting solution poured into the ventilation monitoring pipe 1 can permeate into a cutting medium around the cutting slips, so that callus formation and a large amount of rooting of the cutting slips are facilitated.
From example 5 it can be seen that: the compactness of the cutting matrix around the cutting slips is improved in the callus forming stage, the mangosteen extracting solution is gradually permeated into the cutting matrix around the cutting slips, the air permeability around the cutting matrix around the cutting slips is improved in the rooting stage, and the rooting rate and the survival rate of the cutting slips are greatly improved.
The second part is the technique of cultivating, fertilizing and tending management of the tabebuia odorata in the field
(2-1) selecting the tabebuia avellanedae to plant a forest land, cleaning and ploughing the forest land,
selecting a nursery land for cultivating big seedlings, selecting a place with loose and fertile soil and good irrigation and drainage, and planning and organizing a ditch for well irrigating and draining water; firstly, comprehensively preparing and cleaning a forestation land, cutting off all miscellaneous irrigation, and comprehensively paving or stacking the rest branches and leaves; adopting mechanical full reclamation, wherein the reclamation depth is 30-40 cm; ditching by a furrow plough: the row spacing is 3m, and the depth of a ditching ditch is 40 cm;
(2-2) selecting the Suzuki Ainsliaea planting base fertilizer
The Chinese tabebuia planting base fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 75kg of livestock and poultry fertilizer, 18kg of phosphate fertilizer, 7kg of potash fertilizer and 0.1-0.5kg of zinc sulfate (promoting tillering and branching to ensure that the crown is full) are taken as base fertilizers;
(2-3) determining the planting density, wherein the planting distance is 2-2.5m, and the row distance is 3 m.
(2-4) seedling: digging hole, applying base fertilizer and planting
Digging planting holes according to the row spacing of 2-2.5m multiplied by 3m, wherein the hole specification is 40cm multiplied by 40cm, removing stones and tree roots when digging the holes, in one week before planting, independently applying base fertilizer to the bottom of the planting holes according to the fertilizing amount of 500 plus one stone and 100g per hole, then returning soil to the depth of 1/4-1/5 holes and planting, wherein the returned soil is surface soil around the returned holes; planting the container seedlings in the holes after rain penetration, and stepping on one seedling lifting operation procedure according to three-burying and two-stepping operation procedures during planting; when seedlings are planted, bamboo poles are inserted around the seedlings, and the seedlings of the tabebuia avellanedae are tied to the bamboo poles by ropes;
(2-5) tending management and topdressing
Topdressing is frequently and thinly applied at the initial stage of planting, and the topdressing is applied once every two months; after 2 times of top dressing, adjusting the fertilizer to once top dressing in half a year, and once top dressing every year in the third year and the fourth year; during topdressing, a crescent fertilizing ditch is opened 20-30cm away from the tree root or a fertilizing hole is opened on each of the left side and the right side of the tree root, fertilizer is applied into the holes, and surface soil with the thickness of 1-2 cm is backfilled; the topdressing of the young tabebuia ebuifolia adopts a mixture of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, the usage amount of the topdressing is 30g of the nitrogen fertilizer, 50g of the phosphate fertilizer and 40g of the compound fertilizer per plant, and the fertilizing amount is doubled after the tabebuia ebuifolia grows to 3 years; weeding once in 10 months of the current year, weeding once in 5 months and 10 months of the next year respectively, and additionally applying compound fertilizers once according to 200 g/plant by combining weeding in 5 months of the second year and the third year respectively;
(2-6) pruning and field planting
Pruning and shaping are regularly carried out during the growth period of the tabebuia avellanedae, short meristem lateral branches are cut off, one-time pruning and shaping are uniformly carried out after leaves fall in winter, diseased branches, dead branches and low meristem even lateral branches are cut off, the growth of a main trunk is kept straight, a growing straight stem with thicker stem is left after a bud strip with weaker growth vigor is removed, and then the bamboo stem is used for field planting to prevent lodging; when the trunk grows to be 1.8-2 meters high, the branches on the tops are kept to form crowns, and after cultivation in a field for 3-4 years, the trees can be outplanted and greened when the height of the plants is more than 3 meters and the diameter is 4-6 centimeters thick.
(2-7) pest control
The tabebuia avellanedae is often diseased as leaf spot, and the control method comprises the following steps: using 800 times of liquid of 70 percent thiophanate methyl powder and 15 grams of water added into each package of 15 grams of yellow leaf-spraying green to alternately spray the prevention and the control, or using 600 times of liquid of 80 percent mancozeb wettable powder and 15 grams of water added into each package of 15 grams of yellow leaf-spraying green to alternately spray the prevention and the control; insect pests can be controlled by pyrethroid pesticides: the 10% cypermethrin emulsifiable 2000 times liquid or 90% Wanling wettable powder 2000-3000 times liquid is sprayed for 1 time every 7-10 days and continuously sprayed for 3-4 times. The tabebuia flavicana grows fast, and after 3 years of large seedling cultivation, the plants with the diameter of 7-8cm larger account for about 30 percent of the total number of the plants.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications are possible which remain within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The method for cultivating the tabebuia avellanedae is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) cutting and seedling raising of the tabebuia chrysantha:
(1-1) selecting a cutting medium and a container,
in the step (1-1): pre-burying an air-permeable monitoring pipe (1) in a cuttage matrix, wherein the air-permeable monitoring pipe (1) surrounds a cuttage center (2) and the distance M1 between the air-permeable monitoring pipe and the cuttage center (2) is 2-3 cm; the vertical distance M2 between the bottom end of the ventilation monitoring pipe (1) and the bottom end of the cutting (3) is 2-3 cm; the outer diameter of the ventilation monitoring pipe (1) is 0.5-1.5 cm; after 30-35 days of cuttage, pulling out the air permeability monitoring pipe (1), and filling river sand with the granularity of 10-20 meshes in the pulled hole; the side wall of the ventilation monitoring pipe (1) can be fired with air holes (11) with the aperture of 1-2mm, the distance between the upper air hole and the lower air hole (11) is 0.3-0.5mm, the arc surface distance between the left air hole and the right air hole (11) is 0.3-0.5mm, and mangosteen extract is filled in the ventilation monitoring pipe (1) when the cuttage matrix is watered after cuttage, and the preparation method of the mangosteen extract comprises the following steps: taking fresh mangosteen, taking out mangosteen flesh, pulping mangosteen shells, and filtering to obtain a mangosteen extracting solution;
(1-2) collecting the bud strips, cutting the cutting slips,
(1-3) sterilizing and disinfecting the ear strips,
(1-4) treating the scion with rooting hormone,
(1-5) cutting the wood into a cutting,
(1-6) hardening seedling management;
(2) cultivating, fertilizing and tending the tabebuia hemsleyana in the field:
(2-1) selecting the tabebuia avellanedae to plant a forest land, cleaning and ploughing the forest land,
(2-2) selecting a daylily sycamore planting base fertilizer,
(2-3) determining the planting density,
(2-4) seedling: digging holes, applying base fertilizer and planting,
(2-5) tending management and topdressing,
(2-6) pruning and planting,
and (2-7) pest control.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first step of the cultivation of tabebuia avellanedae is carried out,
in the step (1-1): cutting seedling in a seedling greenhouse, wherein the cutting medium ratio is as follows: 50 wt% of river sand of 40-80 meshes, 30 wt% of yellow core soil and 20 wt% of peat soil, and the cuttage matrix is drenched twice by 0.5 wt% of potassium permanganate solution and cleaned by clear water; the non-woven fabric seedling raising container filled with the matrix is used as a cutting seedling raising container, and the specification is as follows: the diameter is 8-10cm, and the height is 15 cm;
in step (1-2): the cuttage test is carried out in a greenhouse in spring and summer, when the sprout strips of the field tabebuia flavedo are grown to 30-60cm, the sprout strips are cut and returned to the greenhouse for standby; taking a middle full bud and semi-lignified part of a bud strip as a scion strip, cutting the scion strip into cutting slips with the length of 15-25 cm by using a sharp branch shear, wherein each cutting slip is provided with two nodes; cutting the upper end of the cut flat, and leaving 50% of leaf surface on the upper leaf section 2-3cm away from the upper leaf section; each cutting ear contains 2-3 branches and leaves, the lower end of the cut is 2-3cm below the lower section, the base part of the lower end is cut into an inclined plane, the surface of the cut is smooth and has no fuzzing, and the lower section of the leaf and the leaf stalk are cut off together; cutting the cutting before 8:00 in the morning, and storing the cutting in a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation foam box to prevent the cutting from losing water.
3. The cultivation method of tabebuia avellanedae as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first and second culture medium are different from each other,
in step (1-3): soaking the cut cutting slips in 800-1000 times of 50 wt% carbendazim wettable powder for about 3-5min, performing comprehensive disinfection, and cleaning with clear water after disinfection;
in step (1-4): placing the base part of the cutting into an ABT rooting powder aqueous solution with the concentration of 500ppm, soaking for 2-3 min, taking out and then waiting for cutting; or injecting 10uL ABT rooting powder aqueous solution with the concentration of 1000ppm into the lower cut by a pipette, and immediately cutting.
4. The cultivation method of tabebuia avellanedae as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first and second culture medium are different from each other,
in step (1-5): inserting the cutting spike into the substrate with the depth of 1.5cm, and immediately watering thoroughly after cutting; substantially enriching the substrate surface and the strips; keeping the humidity of the cutting seedbed above 95% and the temperature below 30 ℃; covering a film and a shading net with shading rate of more than 90% at the early rooting stage;
in step (1-6): uncovering the shading net 35-40 days after cuttage, and starting full light seedling hardening; managing according to a conventional nursery land, watering once every other week by combining with watering, and topdressing by using a 50 wt% carbendazim wettable powder 800-1000 times of liquid, and topdressing by using a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer or using a foliar nutrient solution as an extra-root topdressing according to the growth condition of nursery stocks; observing the damage of diseases and pests, and preventing and treating the diseases and pests in time once the damage occurs; hardening the seedlings for 4-5 months, and then outplanting and planting in a field; standard of nursery stock: the seedlings are over 100cm high, the root systems are developed, and no diseases or insect pests exist.
5. The method for cultivating tabebuia flavedo trees as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in step (1-1), after cutting, a substrate compact conical tube (4) is pressed into a cutting substrate with force, the sidewall of the substrate compact conical tube (4) is fired with loess penetration holes (41), the diameter of the loess penetration holes (41) is 1-2mm, the distance between the upper and lower adjacent loess penetration holes (41) is 0.3-0.5mm, the distance between the left and right adjacent loess penetration holes (41) is also 0.3-0.5mm, the substrate compact conical tube (4) is filled with loess in advance and water is injected until water seeps from the loess penetration holes (41); the substrate compact conical tube (4) surrounds the cuttage center (2) and has a distance N1 of 2-3cm from the cuttage center (2); the vertical distance N2 between the bottom of the substrate compact conical tube (4) and the bottom end of the cutting (3) is 0.5-1 cm; the outer diameter of the substrate compact conical tube (4) is 0.5-1 cm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first step of the cultivation of tabebuia avellanedae is carried out,
in the step (2-1): selecting a nursery land for cultivating big seedlings, selecting a place with loose and fertile soil and good irrigation and drainage, and planning and organizing a ditch for well irrigating and draining water; firstly, comprehensively preparing and cleaning a forestation land, cutting off all miscellaneous irrigation, and comprehensively paving or stacking the rest branches and leaves; adopting mechanical full reclamation, wherein the reclamation depth is 30-40 cm; ditching by a furrow plough: the row spacing is 3m, and the depth of a ditching ditch is 40 cm;
in the step (2-2): the Chinese tabebuia planting base fertilizer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of livestock and poultry fertilizer, 18 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 7 parts of potash fertilizer and 0.1-0.5 part of zinc sulfate as base fertilizers.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first step of growing the hexapetala pall is performed,
in step (2-3): the plant spacing is 2-2.5m, and the row spacing is 3 m;
in step (2-4): digging planting holes according to the row spacing of 2-2.5m multiplied by 3m, wherein the hole specification is 40cm multiplied by 40cm, removing stones and tree roots when digging the holes, in one week before planting, independently applying base fertilizer to the bottom of the planting holes according to the fertilizing amount of 500 plus one 1000 g/hole, then returning soil to the depth of 1/4-1/5 holes and planting, wherein the returned soil is surface soil around the returned holes; planting the container seedlings in the holes after rain penetration, and stepping on one seedling lifting operation procedure according to three-burying and two-stepping operation procedures during planting; when seedlings are planted, bamboo poles are inserted around the seedlings and the seedlings of the tabebuia avellanedae are tied to the bamboo poles by ropes, because the tabebuia avellanedae is soft and easy to fall down, in order to keep good dry shape.
8. The cultivation method of tabebuia avellanedae as claimed in claim 7, wherein the first and second culture medium are different from each other,
in step (2-5): topdressing is frequently and thinly applied at the initial stage of planting, and the topdressing is applied once every two months; after 2 times of top dressing, adjusting the fertilizer to once top dressing in half a year, and once top dressing every year in the third year and the fourth year; during topdressing, a crescent fertilizing ditch is opened 20-30cm away from the tree root or a fertilizing hole is opened on each of the left side and the right side of the tree root, fertilizer is applied into the holes, and surface soil with the thickness of 1-2 cm is backfilled; the topdressing of the young tabebuia ebuifolia adopts a mixture of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, the usage amount of the topdressing is 30g of the nitrogen fertilizer, 50g of the phosphate fertilizer and 40g of the compound fertilizer per plant, and the fertilizing amount is doubled after the tabebuia ebuifolia grows to 3 years; weeding once in 10 months of the current year, weeding once in 5 months and 10 months of the next year respectively, and additionally applying compound fertilizers once according to 200 g/plant by combining weeding in 5 months of the second year and the third year respectively;
in step (2-6): pruning and shaping are regularly carried out during the growth period of the tabebuia avellanedae, short meristem lateral branches are cut off, one-time pruning and shaping are uniformly carried out after leaves fall in winter, diseased branches, dead branches and low meristem even lateral branches are cut off, the growth of a main trunk is kept straight, a growing straight stem with thicker stem is left after a bud strip with weaker growth vigor is removed, and then the bamboo stem is used for field planting to prevent lodging; when the trunk grows to be 1.8-2 meters high, the branches on the tops are kept to form crowns, and after cultivation in a field for 3-4 years, the trees can be outplanted and greened when the height of the plants is more than 3 meters and the diameter is 4-6 centimeters thick.
9. The method for cultivating tabebuia avellanedae according to claim 8, wherein in the step (2-7): the tabebuia avellanedae is often diseased as leaf spot, and the control method comprises the following steps: using 800 times of liquid of 70 percent thiophanate methyl powder and 15 grams of water added into each package of 15 grams of yellow leaf-spraying green to alternately spray the prevention and the control, or using 600 times of liquid of 80 percent mancozeb wettable powder and 15 grams of water added into each package of 15 grams of yellow leaf-spraying green to alternately spray the prevention and the control; insect pests can be controlled by pyrethroid pesticides: the 10% cypermethrin emulsifiable 2000 times liquid or 90% Wanling wettable powder 2000-3000 times liquid is sprayed for 1 time every 7-10 days and continuously sprayed for 3-4 times.
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