CN109937722B - A method for rapid propagation by using stems on three white grasses - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用三白草地上茎快速繁殖的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:1)获取三白草地上茎,保留土壤表层与空气衔接处节最密集的茎段,从近基部25~30cm处剪断主茎,去掉大部分或全部的叶子,获得插条;2)将插条水平横放在肥沃的水体或霍格兰营养液中,进行悬浮水培2~3周,获得新枝;3)将获得的新枝以水平横埋方式移栽入预先消毒处理的营养土中进行栽培,获得幼苗;4)将获得的幼苗进行分株繁殖,移栽于大田或种植袋中进行栽培、定植。本发明的三白草地上茎快速繁殖方法比常规竖直扦插效率提高至少3倍,有利于提高三白草繁殖效率,降低栽培养护成本。
The invention discloses a method for rapid propagation by utilizing the stems of Sanbai Grassland. The method includes the following steps: 1) obtaining the stems of Sanbai Grassland, retaining the most densely noded stem section at the connection between the soil surface and the air, and extending from 25 to 30 cm near the base Cut off the main stem and remove most or all of the leaves to obtain cuttings; 2) Place the cuttings horizontally in a fertile body of water or Hoagland nutrient solution, and perform suspended hydroponics for 2 to 3 weeks to obtain new shoots; 3 ) Transplanting the obtained new branch into the pre-sterilized nutrient soil in a horizontal burial mode for cultivation to obtain seedlings; 4) carrying out division propagation of the obtained seedlings, and transplanting them into fields or planting bags for cultivation and field planting. Compared with the conventional vertical cutting efficiency, the method for rapid propagation of stems on Sanbai grass of the invention is at least 3 times higher, which is beneficial to improve the reproduction efficiency of Sanbai grass and reduce the cost of cultivation, cultivation and maintenance.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于植物繁殖技术领域,具体涉及一种利用三白草地上茎快速繁殖的方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of plant propagation, and in particular relates to a method for rapid propagation of stems on Sanbai grass.
背景技术Background technique
三白草(Saururus chinensis(Lour.)Baill.)为三白草科三白草属多年生湿生草本,又名塘边藕、水木通、白水鸡等。高约1米余;茎粗壮,有纵长粗棱和沟槽,下部伏地,常带白色,上部直立,绿色。叶纸质,阔卵形至卵状披针形,长10-20厘米,宽5-10厘米,茎顶端的2-3片于花期常为白色,呈花瓣状,十分美丽。花期4-6月,花序白色,长12-20厘米。果期7-8月,果近球形,直径约3毫米,表面多疣状凸起。产于河北、山东、河南和长江流域及其以南各省,模式标本采自广州附近。喜湿耐阴,耐贫瘠,对土壤要求不严,凡塘边、沟边、溪边等浅水处或低洼地均可生长。Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill.) is a perennial herb of the family Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. About 1 meter high; the stem is stout, with longitudinal thick ribs and grooves, the lower part is lying on the ground, often white, the upper part is erect, green. The leaves are papery, broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 10-20 cm long, 5-10 cm wide, and the 2-3 pieces at the top of the stem are often white in flowering, petal-shaped, very beautiful. Flowering April-June, inflorescence white, 12-20 cm long. The fruit period is July-August, the fruit is nearly spherical, about 3 mm in diameter, with many verrucous protrusions on the surface. Produced in Hebei, Shandong, Henan and Yangtze River basins and the provinces to the south, and the type specimens were collected near Guangzhou. It likes humidity and is resistant to shade and barrenness, and it does not have strict soil requirements. It can grow in shallow water or low-lying places such as ponds, ditches, and streams.
三白草全草药用,含挥发油、黄酮、木脂素、生物碱、鞣质等多种有益成分,具有抗炎、去毒、降糖、保肝、利尿等活性,对治疗和预防糖尿病、尿路感染、尿路结石等有显著效果。三白草具有抗肿瘤作用,且毒性较小,在癌症的预防及早期治疗也具有潜力。它还可作为含有独特营养成分的野生蔬菜和观赏花卉,因而在医用、食用、观赏等方面具有良好的开发前景。It is used as a whole herbal medicine, containing volatile oil, flavonoids, lignans, alkaloids, tannins and other beneficial components. It has anti-inflammatory, detoxification, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, diuretic and other activities. Urinary tract infection, urinary tract stones, etc. have a significant effect. Sanbai grass has anti-tumor effect and less toxicity, and also has potential in the prevention and early treatment of cancer. It can also be used as wild vegetables and ornamental flowers containing unique nutrients, so it has good development prospects in medical, edible, ornamental and other aspects.
目前,国内外对于三白草的研究主要集中在化学成分和药理作用方面,关于三白草栽培繁殖方面的研究几乎空白,仅在2000年江年琼老师发表文章“三白草的试种与开发利用”对其地下茎的分株繁殖方法做了简要介绍,于春天挖取带芽地下茎,切成13-16cm长的根段,按行株距30×20cm栽种,栽种时务必使芽向上,此方法要求地下茎有芽,且栽培时间局限在春季;2001年发表文章“三白草的组织培养”说明了以三白草根茎、茎段和叶片为外植体,MS附加不同激素组合为培养基,诱导愈伤组织和悬浮培养的实验方法,结果表明,茎段的诱导效果优于根茎和叶片,其愈伤组织的诱导率最高达81%。目前还未有专门文献研究三白草的种子繁殖,按常规播种繁殖效率较低。以上三种方法都有一定局限性,对材料的选择、栽培时间和环境条件要求较高,不利于三白草的快速繁殖。市场上三白草的来源主要是野生资源,人工大面积栽培甚少,很难大量买到苗木。人类开采以及生境破坏,导致三白草野生资源大面积减少。传统的繁殖方式难以满足市场上不同季节对三白草苗木的需求,在一定程度上限制了三白草在城市园林等景观工程上的应用。At present, the research on Sanbai grass at home and abroad mainly focuses on the chemical components and pharmacological effects, and the research on the cultivation and reproduction of Sanbai grass is almost blank. "The ramet propagation method of its underground stems was briefly introduced. In the spring, the underground stems with buds were dug up and cut into 13-16cm long root segments, and planted according to the row spacing of 30 × 20cm. When planting, the buds must be upward. This method requires The underground stem has buds, and the cultivation time is limited to spring; in 2001, the article "Tissue Culture of Sanbai grass" was published, which explained that the rhizomes, stem segments and leaves of Sanbai grass were used as explants, and MS was added with different hormone combinations as the medium to induce The experimental method of callus and suspension culture showed that the induction effect of stem segment was better than that of rhizome and leaf, and the induction rate of callus was up to 81%. At present, there is no special literature to study the seed propagation of Sanbai grass, and the propagation efficiency of conventional sowing is low. The above three methods have certain limitations, and they have higher requirements on the selection of materials, cultivation time and environmental conditions, which are not conducive to the rapid reproduction of three white grasses. The source of Sanbai grass on the market is mainly wild resources, and there is very little artificial large-scale cultivation, so it is difficult to buy seedlings in large quantities. Human exploitation and habitat destruction have led to a large-scale reduction of the wild resources of S. chinensis. The traditional breeding method is difficult to meet the demand for three white grass seedlings in different seasons in the market, which limits the application of three white grass in landscape projects such as urban gardens to a certain extent.
本研究发现,自然条件下三白草于花后1-2个月地上部分开始凋谢,叶片枯萎,地上茎逐渐中空变黑最后干枯腐烂,等待来年春天继续萌发,此特性还未见专门的文字记载。This study found that under natural conditions, the aerial part of Sanbai grass begins to wither 1-2 months after flowering, the leaves wither, the aboveground stems gradually become hollow and black, and finally dry and rot, waiting for the next spring to continue to germinate. .
三白草作为一种药食永源,兼具景观功能与经济价值的乡土植物,从多方面研究其生长特性和栽培繁殖方式有利于三白草的市场推广和野生资源保护。As a medicinal and food eternal source, Sanbai grass has both landscape function and economic value. Studying its growth characteristics and cultivation and reproduction methods from various aspects is beneficial to the market promotion of Sanbai grass and the protection of wild resources.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的是针对三白草相关栽培技术研究甚少,野生资源破坏严重,秋季地上部枯死,药材市场供不应求,园林苗木市场尚未打开的现状,提供一种简单易行的利用三白草地上茎繁殖苗木的方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of simple and easy utilization of the stems on the Sanbai grass for the current situation that the related cultivation techniques of Sanbai grass are rarely studied, the wild resources are seriously damaged, the aboveground parts are dead in autumn, the market for medicinal materials is in short supply, and the garden seedling market has not yet been opened. Methods of propagating seedlings.
本发明通过以下的技术方案实现上述的目的:The present invention realizes above-mentioned purpose through following technical scheme:
一种利用三白草地上茎快速繁殖的方法,包括以下步骤:A method for rapid propagation of stems on three white grasses, comprising the following steps:
(1)获取三白草地上茎,保留土壤表层与空气衔接处节最密集的茎段,截取地上茎基部至基部以上25~30cm的茎段,去掉大部分或全部的叶子,获得插条;(1) Obtain the stems of Sanbai Grassland, retain the stem section with the densest nodes at the connection between the soil surface layer and the air, intercept the stem section from the base of the above-ground stem to 25-30 cm above the base, remove most or all of the leaves, and obtain cuttings;
(2)将插条水平横放在肥沃的水体或霍格兰营养液中,进行悬浮水培2~3周,获得新枝;(2) The cuttings are placed horizontally in a fertile water body or Hoagland nutrient solution, and suspended hydroponics is carried out for 2 to 3 weeks to obtain new shoots;
(3)将获得的新枝直接栽培生长或者以水平横埋方式移栽入预先消毒处理的营养土中进行栽培,获得幼苗;(3) the new shoots obtained are directly cultivated and grown or transplanted into the pre-sterilized nutrient soil in a horizontal horizontal burial mode and cultivated to obtain seedlings;
(4)将获得的幼苗进行定植栽培。(4) The obtained seedlings are colonized and cultivated.
所述步骤(2)肥沃的水体可以为鱼塘水、猪场养殖废水或含有营养土的水体等,其主要是含有三白草生长所需的营养元素的水体。The fertile water body in the step (2) can be fish pond water, pig farm breeding wastewater or water body containing nutrient soil, etc., and it is mainly a water body containing nutrient elements required for the growth of S. chinensis.
所述步骤(3)的营养土为泥炭土:塘泥:沙按重量比为5:2:1的混合物。The nutrient soil of the step (3) is a mixture of peat soil: pond mud: sand in a weight ratio of 5:2:1.
所述步骤(3)对营养土消毒处理具体为:用每25%瑞毒霉可湿性粉剂5g,兑水5kg,混匀后喷洒营养土100kg,边喷边拌合均匀,堆积2h。In the step (3), the disinfection treatment of the nutrient soil is as follows: using 5 g of each 25% Retox mold wettable powder, adding 5 kg of water, spraying 100 kg of the nutrient soil after mixing, mixing evenly while spraying, and stacking for 2 hours.
所述步骤(3)水平横埋的覆土深度为2cm,栽培间距为10cm。In the step (3), the covering soil depth of the horizontal burial is 2cm, and the cultivation spacing is 10cm.
所述步骤(3)栽培过程中每天傍晚浇一次水,保证水分充足,不要有积水,以防地上茎在泥土中腐烂。In the step (3), during the cultivation process, water is poured once every evening to ensure that the water is sufficient and there should be no stagnant water, so as to prevent the stems from rotting in the soil.
所述步骤(4)将将获得的幼苗进行定植栽培是待幼苗高25cm,根据新枝所在位置将茎段分剪成2~3段,每段长7~10cm,用体积比1:1000稀释的多菌灵处理切口,然后移栽于大田或种植袋中进行栽培、定植。In the step (4), the obtained seedlings are planted and cultivated until the height of the seedlings is 25 cm, and the stem sections are cut into 2 to 3 sections according to the position of the new branches, each section is 7 to 10 cm long, and is diluted with a volume ratio of 1:1000. Carbendazim treats the incisions, and then transplants them into fields or planting bags for cultivation and colonization.
所述的移栽于大田中栽培、定植,需选择水源充足,排灌方便的田块作为大田;在大田耕整前一周,喷施一次广谱灭生性的除草剂;大田耕整时将大田厢面整平并开沟设厢,厢面宽度为1.5~2m,厢与厢之间的沟宽为30~40cm、深为15~30cm;栽培间距为20~30cm,覆土深度为8~10cm;刚移栽前一周,往厢面早晚各浇一次水,并向沟内注入水体,保证水深为沟深的1/2;移栽一周后往田内注水,使沟内持水量与厢面持平,使大田水分和土壤湿度与种植水稻相当即可。The described transplanting is cultivated and planted in the field, and it is necessary to select a field with sufficient water source and convenient irrigation and drainage as the field; one week before the field ploughing, spray a broad-spectrum herbicide; The surface is leveled and the ditch is set up to set up the box, the width of the box surface is 1.5-2m, the width of the ditch between the boxes is 30-40cm, and the depth is 15-30cm; the cultivation spacing is 20-30cm, and the depth of covering soil is 8-10cm; One week before transplanting, water the box surface once in the morning and evening, and inject water into the ditch to ensure that the water depth is 1/2 of the depth of the ditch; one week after transplanting, pour water into the field to make the water holding capacity in the ditch equal to the box surface. It is enough to make the field moisture and soil moisture equivalent to those of rice cultivation.
所述步骤(4)的移栽于种植袋中栽培、定植,可将种植袋四周扎孔,置于水池中,袋内栽培基质高25cm,苗木覆土深度为8~10cm,水池水深为10cm;移栽前3天每天往种植袋内浇一次水,移栽后每2~3天浇一次水补充蒸发量,保持水体深度在土壤高度的一半。The transplanting in the step (4) is cultivated and fielded in a planting bag, and the planting bag can be punched around the hole and placed in a pool, the height of the cultivation substrate in the bag is 25 cm, the depth of the seedling covering soil is 8-10 cm, and the water depth of the pool is 10 cm; Water the planting bag once a day 3 days before transplanting, and water it every 2 to 3 days after transplanting to supplement the evaporation, keeping the depth of the water body at half the height of the soil.
本发明选择4~9月获取三白草的地上茎,其中,4月为三白草初花期,5~6月为盛花期,7~9月为花谢后三白草还未严重枯萎阶段,以5~7月健壮的枝条效果最佳,因此,优选5~7月获取三白草的地上茎为繁殖材料。The present invention selects April to September to obtain the aerial stems of S. chinensis, wherein April is the early flowering stage of S. chinensis, May to June is the full-blooming period, and July to September is the stage of S. The best results are from the robust branches from May to July. Therefore, it is preferable to obtain the aboveground stems of Sanbai grass from May to July as the propagation material.
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1)本发明于4~9月,浅挖或拔起三白草地上茎,保留土壤表层与空气衔接处节最密集的茎段,从近基部25~30cm处剪断,将地上茎基部至剪断处的地上茎作为插条,其有利于侧芽和茎基部节处重新萌发新枝,且近基部节越密集的地方萌芽力越强;处于花期剪下枝条可作为药用材料和鲜切花材料,花谢后剪切枝条有利于延长三白草的采收期和观赏期;所获取的三白草地上茎在水培环境中具有很强的萌发再生能力,出芽率达100%,新枝生长速度快。(1) the present invention is in April to September, shallowly digging or pulling up the stems of the three white grasses, retaining the most dense stem sections at the connection between the soil surface layer and the air, cutting from the 25-30cm near the base, and the above-ground stem base to the cutting place The above-ground stems are used as cuttings, which are conducive to the re-germination of new branches at the lateral buds and the basal node of the stem, and the germination force is stronger in the place near the basal node; the branches cut off at the flowering stage can be used as medicinal materials and fresh-cut flower materials. Cutting branches is beneficial to prolong the harvest period and viewing period of Sanbai grass; the obtained stems of Sanbai grass have strong germination and regeneration ability in hydroponic environment, the germination rate is 100%, and the growth rate of new branches is fast.
(2)本发明在三白草地上茎水培2-3周后,将发芽的枝条水平浅埋在营养土中,有利于新芽进一步萌发、新枝基部光合作用和苗木后期移栽。(2) In the present invention, after 2-3 weeks of stem hydroponics on Sanbai Grassland, the sprouted branches are buried horizontally in the nutrient soil, which is conducive to further germination of new buds, photosynthesis at the base of new branches and later transplanting of seedlings.
(3)本发明采用水平扦插方式栽培三白草地上茎,在发芽率、发芽数、以及新枝的生长速度方面均显著的优于竖直扦插,每根试验枝条上芽的产量更高,长势更好,有利于三白草生长和后期分株繁殖,用此方法繁殖苗木比常规竖直扦插效率提高至少3倍,有利于提高苗木繁殖效率,降低栽培养护成本。(3) the present invention adopts the horizontal cutting method to cultivate the stems on Sanbai Grassland, which is significantly better than vertical cuttings in terms of germination rate, germination number, and the growth rate of new branches, and the output of buds on each test branch is higher, and the growth rate is more Good, it is beneficial to the growth of S. chinensis and the later division propagation. Using this method to propagate seedlings is at least 3 times more efficient than conventional vertical cuttings, which is conducive to improving the breeding efficiency of seedlings and reducing the cost of cultivation and maintenance.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为5月份三白草盛花期景观;Figure 1 shows the landscape of Sanbai grass in full bloom in May;
图2为健壮的三白草地上茎(右)和枯萎中空的地上茎(左);Fig. 2 is the sturdy three white grass upper stem (right) and the withered hollow aboveground stem (left);
图3为实施例1中三白草枝条(插条)的初始生长状况;Fig. 3 is the initial growth condition of three white grass branches (cuttings) in embodiment 1;
图4为实施例1中三白草枝条第5周的整体生长状况;Fig. 4 is the overall growth condition of the 5th week of three white grass branches among the embodiment 1;
图5为实施例1中三白草枝条第5周的局部生长状况;Fig. 5 is the local growth condition of the 5th week of three white grass branches among the embodiment 1;
图6为实施例2中三白草苗刚移栽入大田的状况;Fig. 6 is the situation that three white grass seedlings are just transplanted into the field among the embodiment 2;
图7为实施例2中三白草苗刚移栽入大田45天后的生长状况;Fig. 7 is the growth condition of the three white grass seedlings just after being transplanted into the field 45 days in embodiment 2;
图8为实施例4中水培后移入营养土(右高)和竖直扦插(左矮)对比图。FIG. 8 is a comparison diagram of moving into nutrient soil (high on the right) and vertical cuttings (short on the left) after hydroponics in Example 4.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。下列实施例中未注明具体实验条件和方法,所采用的技术手段通常为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。The following examples are further illustrations of the present invention, rather than limitations of the present invention. The specific experimental conditions and methods are not indicated in the following examples, and the technical means used are usually conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
实施例1Example 1
2018年5月1日,于广东省肇庆市四会市南塘村河岸边采集三白草。此时处于花期,生长旺盛,拔取长势较为一致的三白草苗木,主茎粗度约1.5cm,取其基部25~30cm茎段(即从地上茎基部至基部上25~30cm之间的茎段),去掉所有叶片,保留底部节密集区段,以此作为插条进行水培试验。试验用水为猪场养殖废水,盛装于蓝色水箱中,每箱用水60L,三白草插条15根,横放于水面使其自由漂浮生长。试验时间为2018年5月2日-6月5日,共5周,每周定期观察三白草的生长情况,包括发芽率(发芽枝条数/总枝条数)和苗高。地点为四会市南塘村光照、通风良好的简易温室大棚,棚内夜平均气温25℃,日平均气温为33℃,平均日照时间为13h。On May 1, 2018, three white grasses were collected along the river bank of Nantang Village, Sihui City, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province. At this time, it is in the flowering period, and the growth is vigorous, and the three white grass seedlings with relatively consistent growth are selected. The thickness of the main stem is about 1.5cm. ), remove all leaves, and keep the dense section at the bottom, which is used as cuttings for hydroponics experiments. The test water was pig farm breeding wastewater, which was placed in a blue water tank, with 60L water per tank, and 15 three white grass cuttings, which were placed horizontally on the water surface to allow free floating growth. The test time was from May 2 to June 5, 2018, for a total of 5 weeks, and the growth of Sanbai grass was regularly observed every week, including the germination rate (the number of sprouted branches/total number of branches) and the seedling height. The location is a simple greenhouse with good light and good ventilation in Nantang Village, Sihui City. The average night temperature in the greenhouse is 25°C, the daily average temperature is 33°C, and the average sunshine time is 13h.
水培第一周,三白草地上茎的发芽率达70%,插条近基部的节出芽较快;第二周,发芽率达100%,插条上所有节都发芽,叶片逐渐展开,平均苗高达4cm;第三周,叶片进一步展开并长大,平均苗高为6.5cm;第四周,平均苗高为11cm;第5周,新枝生长十分旺盛,平均苗高达到17cm,试验枝条长出大量新根且底部节密集处萌发出新的横走茎,生物量增长很快。In the first week of hydroponics, the germination rate of stems on Sanbai Grassland reached 70%, and the nodes near the base of the cuttings germinated faster; in the second week, the germination rate reached 100%, all nodes on the cuttings sprouted, and the leaves gradually expanded. The height of the seedlings was 4cm; in the third week, the leaves further expanded and grew up, and the average seedling height was 6.5cm; in the fourth week, the average seedling height was 11cm; in the fifth week, the new shoots grew very vigorously, the average seedling height reached 17cm, and the experimental branches were long A large number of new roots are produced and new transverse stems sprout from the dense bottom nodes, and the biomass grows rapidly.
上述三白草枝条的初始生长状况见图3,第5周三白草枝条的整体生长状况见图4,第5周三白草枝条的局部生长状况见图5。See Figure 3 for the initial growth conditions of the above three white grass branches, Figure 4 for the overall growth conditions of the white grass branches on the 5th Wednesday, and Figure 5 for the local growth conditions of the white grass branches on the 5th Wednesday.
实施例2Example 2
2018年8月1日,于广东省肇庆市四会市南塘村河岸边采集三白草。此时,三白草花谢约1个月,顶端叶片出现轻微的枯黄现象,拔取长势较为一致的三白草,主茎粗约2cm,取其近基部30cm左右茎段(即从地上茎基部至基部上30cm左右之间的茎段),去掉所有叶片,保留底部节密集区段,以此作为插条于傍晚移栽入试验田中(水平横放在水田中的水面上)。试验地点为四会市南塘村,试验大田为水田,厢面宽度为1.5m,厢与厢之间的沟宽为30cm、深20cm,按行株距40cm×30cm栽种,每行4枝,每厢25行,共2厢,覆土深度为8~10cm。移栽前半天提前往试验田内注水,使土壤湿润便于枝条插入。移栽完成后往田内注水,使沟内持水量与厢面持平,使大田水分、土壤湿度与种植水稻相当。试验时间为2018年8月1日-10月15日,每15天观测一次三白草的生长情况,包括基部萌芽率(基部出芽枝条数/试验总枝条数)、侧芽抽枝率(侧芽萌发的枝条数/试验总枝条数)、平均最长新枝长度(试验枝条的最长新枝长度和/试验总枝条数)和平均最大叶面积(枝条的最大叶面积/试验总枝条数)。8月1日-9月30日,试验田夜平均气温26℃,日平均气温为34℃;10月日平均气温29℃,夜平均气温为19℃。8月份平均日照时长为13h,9月份平均日照时长为12.5h,10月份平均日照时间为11.5h。On August 1, 2018, three white grasses were collected along the river bank of Nantang Village, Sihui City, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province. At this time, the three white grass flowers withered for about 1 month, and the top leaves showed a slight yellowing phenomenon, and the three white grass with a relatively consistent growth was extracted. The stem section between about 30cm above), remove all the leaves, and keep the dense section at the bottom, which will be used as cuttings and transplanted into the experimental field in the evening (horizontally placed on the water surface in the paddy field). The test site is Nantang Village, Sihui City. The test field is a paddy field. The width of the carriage surface is 1.5m. The width of the ditch between the carriages is 30cm and the depth is 20cm. There are 25 rows of compartments, a total of 2 compartments, and the depth of soil covering is 8-10cm. Half a day before transplanting, go to the experimental field to inject water to make the soil moist and facilitate the insertion of branches. After the transplanting is completed, water is injected into the field, so that the water holding capacity in the ditch is the same as that of the box surface, so that the water and soil moisture in the field are equivalent to those of rice planting. The test time was from August 1st to October 15th, 2018. The growth of Sanbai grass was observed every 15 days, including the basal germination rate (the number of budding branches at the base/the total number of branches in the test), the lateral bud extraction rate (the lateral bud germination rate). The number of branches/total number of experimental branches), the average longest new branch length (the longest new branch length of experimental branches and/total number of experimental branches), and the average maximum leaf area (maximum leaf area of branches/total number of experimental branches). From August 1st to September 30th, the average night temperature of the experimental field was 26°C, and the daily average temperature was 34°C; in October, the daily average temperature was 29°C, and the average night temperature was 19°C. The average sunshine duration in August is 13h, the average sunshine duration in September is 12.5h, and the average sunshine duration in October is 11.5h.
8月16日,三白草插条从基部土地里萌发出新芽,基部萌芽率达50%,侧芽抽枝率为70%,离切口最近处节最先长出新枝,平均最长新枝长度为5cm,平均最大叶面积为9cm2;8月30日暴雨,于9月1日天晴之后观测,地上茎枝条的扦插存活率为100%,基部萌芽率为100%,且生长迅速,侧芽抽枝率为100%,平均最长新枝长度为9cm,平均最大叶面积为15cm2;9月16日台风带来暴雨,天晴后于9月18日观测,平均最长新枝长度为15cm,平均最大叶面积为25cm2;10月3日,平均最长新枝长度为22cm,平均最大叶面积为30cm2。10月15日,平均最长新枝长度为30cm,且90%枝条的最长新枝为基部萌发出来的枝条,平均最大叶面积为42cm2。On August 16th, three white grass cuttings sprouted new shoots from the ground at the base. The budding rate of the base reached 50%, and the branching rate of lateral buds was 70%. The nodes closest to the incision were the first to grow new shoots. 5cm, the average maximum leaf area is 9cm 2 ; heavy rain on August 30, observed after the weather was clear on September 1, the cutting survival rate of above-ground stems and branches was 100%, the basal germination rate was 100%, and the growth was rapid, and the lateral buds were drawn. The rate was 100%, the average longest new branch length was 9cm, and the average largest leaf area was 15cm 2 ; the typhoon brought heavy rain on September 16, and it was observed on September 18 after the weather was clear. The average longest new branch length was 15cm, and the average largest The leaf area was 25 cm 2 ; on October 3, the average longest new branch length was 22 cm, and the average largest leaf area was 30 cm 2 . On October 15th, the average length of the longest new branch was 30 cm, and 90% of the longest new branches were the branches sprouting from the base, and the average maximum leaf area was 42 cm 2 .
上述三白草苗刚移栽入大田的状况见图6,三白草苗移栽入大田45天后的生长状况见图7。The state of the above-mentioned three white grass seedlings just transplanted into the field is shown in Figure 6, and the growth state of the three white grass seedlings after being transplanted into the field for 45 days is shown in Figure 7.
实施例3Example 3
2018年8月15日,于广东省肇庆市四会市南塘村河岸边采集三白草地上茎。此时,三白草花谢1个半月左右,茎顶端叶片轻微枯黄,选择粗度约1cm比较细嫩的地上茎,截取其基部25cm左右长度茎段(即从地上茎基部至基部上25cm左右之间的茎段),去掉所有叶片,保留基部节较密集茎段,以此作为插条于中国科学院华南植物园温室大棚内进行栽培试验。试验时间为2018年8月15日-9月12日,共4周,每周定期观察三白草的生长情况,包括发芽率(发芽枝条数/总枝条数)、平均发芽数(芽数量总和/总枝条数)、平均叶片数(叶数量总和/总枝条数)和平均最长新枝长度(观测枝条的最长新枝长度总和/总枝条数)。8月日平均气温为33℃,夜平均气温为26℃,平均日照时长为13h。On August 15, 2018, the stems of Sanbai grass were collected along the river bank of Nantang Village, Sihui City, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province. At this time, the three white grass flowers withered for about one and a half months, and the leaves at the top of the stem were slightly yellowed. Select a relatively delicate aerial stem with a thickness of about 1cm, and intercept the stem section of about 25cm in length at the base (i.e. from the base of the aerial stem to the stem between about 25cm on the base. Section), removed all leaves, and kept the denser stem sections at the base, which were used as cuttings for cultivation experiments in the greenhouse of the South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The test time was from August 15 to September 12, 2018, for a total of 4 weeks, and the growth of Sanbai grass was regularly observed every week, including the germination rate (the number of sprouted branches/the total number of branches), the average germination number (the sum of the number of buds) /total number of branches), average number of leaves (sum of number of leaves/total number of branches) and average longest new branch length (sum of longest new branch length of observed branches/total number of branches). The average daily temperature in August is 33°C, the average night temperature is 26°C, and the average sunshine duration is 13h.
将泥炭土:塘泥:沙按照重量比5:2:1的比例混匀,置于直径为40cm,高30cm的种植袋中,栽培基质深约25cm。将试验所用插条水平横放在栽培基质上,每盆3根,共10盆;将种植袋浸泡在水中,水没过土壤表层1cm左右。Mix peat soil: pond mud: sand according to the weight ratio of 5:2:1, and place it in a planting bag with a diameter of 40 cm and a height of 30 cm, and the depth of the cultivation substrate is about 25 cm. The cuttings used in the test were placed horizontally on the cultivation substrate, 3 per pot, for a total of 10 pots; the planting bag was soaked in water, and the water submerged about 1 cm of the soil surface.
第1周三白草地上茎枝条发芽率为100%,平均发芽数为3,平均叶片数为0;第2周平均发芽数为4,平均叶片数为10,平均最大叶面积为5cm2,平均最长茎长为4cm;第3周平均发芽数为4,平均叶片数为15片,平均最大叶面积为14cm2,平均最长茎长为7cm;第4周,平均发芽数为4个,平均叶片数为18片,平均最大叶面积为30cm2,平均最长茎长为12cm。On the first Wednesday, the germination rate of stems and branches on the white grassland was 100%, the average number of germinations was 3 , and the average number of leaves was 0; The length of the long stem was 4cm; in the third week, the average number of germinations was 4, the average number of leaves was 15, the average maximum leaf area was 14cm 2 , and the average longest stem length was 7cm; in the 4th week, the average number of germinations was 4, the average The number of leaves was 18, the average maximum leaf area was 30 cm 2 , and the average longest stem length was 12 cm.
实施例4Example 4
2018年9月10日,于广东省肇庆市四会市南塘村河岸边采集三白草地上茎,粗度约2cm,茎顶端叶片80%已严重枯黄,枝条1/2以下高度茎、叶整体还很健壮,属于老粗型地上茎。截取其基部25~30cm左右长度茎段(即从地上茎基部至基部上25~30cm左右之间的茎段),去掉所有叶片,保留基部节较密集茎段,以此作为插条于中国科学院华南植物园温室大棚内进行栽培试验。试验时间为2018年9月10日-10月8日,共4周,每周定期观察三白草的生长情况,包括发芽率(发芽枝条数/总枝条数)、平均发芽数(发芽总数/总枝条数)、平均叶片数(叶片总数/总枝条数)、平均最大叶片面积(每根插条上最大叶面积之和/总枝条数)和平均最长新枝长度(每根插条上最长新枝长度之和/总枝条数)。9月日平均气温为33℃,夜平均气温为25℃,平均日照时长为13h。On September 10, 2018, the stems of Sanbai Grassland were collected from the river bank of Nantang Village, Sihui City, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, with a thickness of about 2cm, 80% of the leaves at the top of the stems were severely yellowed, and the height of the branches was less than 1/2. The whole stem and leaves It is still very robust and belongs to the old and thick above-ground stems. Cut off the stem section with a length of about 25-30 cm at the base (that is, the stem section from the base of the above-ground stem to about 25-30 cm on the base), remove all leaves, and retain the denser stem section at the base, which is used as cuttings in South China, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cultivation experiments were carried out in a greenhouse in the botanical garden. The test time was from September 10 to October 8, 2018, for a total of 4 weeks, and the growth of Sanbai grass was regularly observed every week, including the germination rate (the number of sprouted branches/total number of branches), the average germination number (the total number of germinations/ total number of branches), average number of leaves (total number of leaves/total number of branches), average maximum leaf area (sum of maximum leaf area per cutting/total number of branches), and average longest shoot length (longest shoot per cutting) Sum of length/total number of branches). The average daily temperature in September is 33°C, the average night temperature is 25°C, and the average sunshine duration is 13h.
将试验所用茎段(插条)横泡在下部有营养土(泥炭土:塘泥:沙=5:2:1m/m)的水体中,每盆3根,共5盆。第一周,漂浮在水面的三白草茎节出长出新芽,发芽率近50%,还无叶片展开;第二周,试验枝条的存活率达100%,发芽率达100%,平均发芽数为3.3个,叶平均数为6片,平均最大叶面积为10cm2,平均最长茎(新枝)达4cm。此时,将其移入营养土(泥炭土:塘泥:沙=5:2:1m/m)中继续培养,营养土的消毒方式为:用25%瑞毒霉可湿性粉剂5g,加水5kg,混匀后喷洒营养土100kg,边喷边拌合均匀,堆积2h后,即可进行移栽,栽培方式为水平横埋,覆土深度约2cm,栽培间距约10cm;每天傍晚浇一次水,保证水分充足,不要有积水;第4周,平均发芽数为3.8个,平均叶片数为11片,平均最大叶面积为40cm2,平均最长茎达18cm。待苗高25cm左右,移苗定植。根据新枝所在位置将茎断分成2-3段,每段长7~10cm,切口离新枝不要太近,用体积比1:1000水稀释的多菌灵处理切口,避免伤口感染。将新苗移入种植袋内栽培,种植袋四周扎孔,置于水池中,袋内栽培基质(泥炭土:塘泥:沙=5:2:1m/m)高25cm,苗木覆土深度为8~10cm,水池水深约10cm。移栽前3天每天往种植袋内浇一次水,移栽后每2~3天浇一次水补充蒸发量,保持水体深度在土壤高度的一半左右。The stem segments (cuttings) used in the test were soaked horizontally in a water body with nutrient soil (peat soil: pond mud: sand = 5:2:1 m/m) in the lower part, 3 per pot, 5 pots in total. In the first week, the stem nodes of Sanbai grass floating on the water surface grew new buds, the germination rate was nearly 50%, and there was no leaf unfolding; in the second week, the survival rate of the experimental branches reached 100%, the germination rate reached 100%, and the average germination rate reached 100%. The number was 3.3, the average number of leaves was 6, the average maximum leaf area was 10 cm 2 , and the average longest stem (new branch) was 4 cm. At this time, it is moved into nutrient soil (peat soil: pond mud: sand=5:2:1m/m) and continue to cultivate, and the disinfection method of nutrient soil is: use 5g of 25% Rhizoma wettable powder, add 5kg of water, After mixing, spray 100kg of nutrient soil, and mix evenly while spraying. After 2 hours of accumulation, transplanting can be carried out. The cultivation method is horizontal burial, the depth of covering soil is about 2cm, and the cultivation spacing is about 10cm; Adequate, no stagnant water; in the fourth week, the average number of germinations was 3.8, the average number of leaves was 11, the average maximum leaf area was 40cm 2 , and the average longest stem was 18cm. When the height of the seedlings is about 25cm, the seedlings are transplanted and planted. Divide the stem into 2-3 sections according to the position of the new branch, each section is 7-10cm long, and the incision should not be too close to the new branch. Treat the incision with carbendazim diluted with a volume ratio of 1:1000 water to avoid wound infection. Move the new seedlings into planting bags for cultivation, poke holes around the planting bags, and place them in a pool. The cultivation substrate (peat soil: pond mud: sand = 5:2:1 m/m) in the bag is 25 cm high, and the depth of the seedling covering soil is 8~ 10cm, the depth of the pool is about 10cm. Water the planting bag once a day 3 days before transplanting, and water it every 2 to 3 days after transplanting to supplement the evaporation, keeping the depth of the water body at about half of the soil height.
三白草水培后移入营养土的生长状况和竖直扦插的生长状况的对比效果见图8。Figure 8 shows the comparison effect of the growth conditions of Sanbai grass after being moved into nutrient soil and the growth conditions of vertical cuttings after hydroponics.
对比例1Comparative Example 1
2018年8月25日,于广东省肇庆市四会市南塘村河岸边采集三白草,此时花已凋谢,顶端叶片部分已明显枯黄,拔取主茎健壮的三白草苗木,粗度约1.5cm,取其基部25~30cm茎段(即从地上茎基部至基部上25~30cm之间的茎段),去掉所有叶片,保留底部节密集区段,进行水培试验。试验用水为猪场养殖废水,盛装于蓝色水箱中,每箱用水60L,三白草枝条15根,横放于水面使其自由漂浮生长。试验时间为2018年8月26日-10月1日,共5周,每周定期观察三白草的生长情况,包括发芽率(发芽枝条数/总枝条数)和苗高。地点为四会市南塘村光照、通风良好的简易温室大棚,棚内夜平均气温26℃,日平均气温为34℃,平均日照时间为13h。On August 25, 2018, Sanbai grass was collected from the bank of Nantang Village, Sihui City, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province. At this time, the flowers had withered, and the top leaves were obviously yellowed. About 1.5cm, take the 25-30cm stem section at the base (that is, the stem section from the base of the above-ground stem to the 25-30cm above the base), remove all the leaves, and keep the dense section at the bottom, and conduct a hydroponic test. The test water was pig farm breeding wastewater, which was placed in a blue water tank with 60L water per tank, and 15 three white grass branches, which were placed horizontally on the water surface to allow free floating growth. The test time was from August 26 to October 1, 2018, for a total of 5 weeks, and the growth of Sanbai grass was regularly observed every week, including the germination rate (the number of sprouted branches/total number of branches) and the seedling height. The location is a simple greenhouse with good light and ventilation in Nantang Village, Sihui City. The average night temperature in the greenhouse is 26°C, the daily average temperature is 34°C, and the average sunshine time is 13h.
第一周,三白草地上茎的发芽率达40%,近基部的节出芽较快;第二周,发芽率达100%,每根枝条上70%的节有芽,部分叶片展开,平均苗高为3.5cm;第三周,叶片进一步展开并长大,平均苗高为6cm;第四周,平均苗高为10cm;第5周,新枝生长十分旺盛,苗高达到15cm,试验枝条长出大量新根且底部节密集处萌发出新的横走茎,生物量增长很快。In the first week, the germination rate of the stems on Sanbai Grassland reached 40%, and the nodes near the base germinated faster; in the second week, the germination rate reached 100%, 70% of the nodes on each branch had buds, and some leaves expanded, and the average seedlings The height is 3.5cm; in the third week, the leaves are further expanded and grown, and the average seedling height is 6cm; in the fourth week, the average seedling height is 10cm; in the fifth week, the new shoots grow very vigorously, the seedling height reaches 15cm, and the test branches grow A large number of new roots and new transverse stems sprout from the dense bottom nodes, and the biomass increases rapidly.
对比例2Comparative Example 2
2018年8月1日,于广东省肇庆市四会市南塘村河岸边拉取3个1.5m×1m三白草样地进行野外观测。此时,三白草花谢约1个月,顶端叶片出现轻微的枯黄现象。试验时间为2018年8月1日-10月15日,每15天观测一次三白草在野外的生长状况,包括基部萌芽率(基部出芽枝条数/试验总枝条数)、侧芽抽枝率(侧芽萌发的枝条数/试验总枝条数)、平均最长新枝长度(试验枝条的最长新枝长度和/试验总枝条数)和平均最大叶面积(枝条的最大叶面积/试验总枝条数)。8月1日-9月30日,野外夜平均气温26℃,日平均气温为34℃;10月日平均气温29℃,夜平均气温为19℃。8月份平均日照时长为13h,9月份平均日照时长为12.5h,10月份平均日照时间为11.5h。On August 1, 2018, three 1.5m × 1m three white grass sample plots were pulled from the river bank of Nantang Village, Sihui City, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province for field observation. At this time, the three white grass flowers withered for about a month, and the top leaves appeared slightly yellow. The test time was from August 1st to October 15th, 2018. The growth status of Sanbai grass in the wild was observed every 15 days, including the basal germination rate (the number of budding branches at the base/the total number of branches in the test), the rate of lateral bud extraction ( The number of branches germinated by lateral buds/total number of experimental branches), the average longest new branch length (the longest new branch length of the experimental branches and/the total number of experimental branches), and the average maximum leaf area (the largest leaf area of the branches/the total number of experimental branches). From August 1st to September 30th, the average night temperature in the wild is 26°C, and the daily average temperature is 34°C; in October, the daily average temperature is 29°C, and the average night temperature is 19°C. The average sunshine duration in August is 13h, the average sunshine duration in September is 12.5h, and the average sunshine duration in October is 11.5h.
选取样地内1/2面积的三白草,从近基部30cm左右高度剪断,从中随机选择10棵作为观测对象,挂上标签牌,每15天观测一次三白草在野外的生长状况。8月16日部分枝条基部从土地里萌发出新芽,基部萌芽率达30%,侧芽抽枝率为70%,离切口最近处节最先长出新枝,平均最长新枝长度为3cm,平均最大叶面积为6cm2;8月30日暴雨,三白草样地被水淹没,整个植株完全浸泡在水里2天,于9月1日水退却之后观测,基部萌芽率为50%,侧芽抽枝率为80%,平均最长新枝长度为5cm,平均最大叶面积为10cm2;9月16日台风带来暴雨,三白草样地再次被淹,于9月18日水退却后观测,三白草枝条的存活率为100%,基部萌芽率为60%,侧芽抽枝率为100%,平均最长新枝长度为10cm,平均最大叶面积为18cm2;10月3日,平均最长新枝长度为14cm,平均最大叶面积为30cm2。10月15日,平均最长新枝长度为20cm,且70%为侧枝萌发平均最大叶面积为38cm2。1/2 of the area of S. chinensis in the sample plot was selected and cut from a height of about 30cm near the base. Ten trees were randomly selected as observation objects, and the labels were hung up. The growth of S. chinensis in the wild was observed every 15 days. On August 16th, the base of some branches sprouted from the ground, the budding rate at the base was 30%, and the branching rate on the side buds was 70%. The leaf area is 6cm 2 ; the rainstorm on August 30, the three white grass-like plots were submerged in water, the whole plant was completely immersed in water for 2 days, and observed after the water receded on September 1, the basal germination rate was 50%, and the lateral buds were pumped. The branch rate was 80%, the average longest new branch length was 5cm, and the average maximum leaf area was 10cm 2 ; the typhoon brought heavy rain on September 16, and the Sanbaicao plot was flooded again. The survival rate of three white grass branches was 100%, the basal budding rate was 60%, the lateral bud extraction rate was 100%, the average longest new branch length was 10cm, and the average maximum leaf area was 18cm 2 ; on October 3, the average longest The new shoots were 14 cm in length and the average maximum leaf area was 30 cm 2 . On October 15, the average longest new shoot length was 20 cm, and 70% of the lateral shoots were sprouted and the average maximum leaf area was 38 cm 2 .
选取样地内1/2面积的三白草不做任何处理,从中随机选择10棵作为观测对象,挂上标签牌,每15天观测一次三白草在野外的生长状况。8月16日,样地内枝条基部土地里几乎无新芽萌发,茎顶端叶片轻微枯黄;8月30日暴雨,三白草样地被水淹没,整个植株完全浸泡在水里2天,于9月1日水退却之后观测,茎顶端叶片80%已明显枯黄,部分已落,枝条1/2以下高度部分茎、叶整体还很健壮;9月16日台风带来暴雨,三白草样地再次被淹,于9月18日水退却后观测,茎顶端叶片90%枯落,枝条1/3以下高度部分茎、叶整体还较健壮;10月3日,叶片全部凋落,90%茎已中空变黑;10月15日,三白草倒伏在地,整个植株腐烂死亡,三白草地上茎的存活率为0。The 1/2 area of S. chinensis in the sample plot was selected without any treatment, and 10 trees were randomly selected as observation objects, and the labels were hung up. The growth of S. chinensis in the wild was observed every 15 days. On August 16, there were almost no new buds sprouting in the soil at the base of the branches in the sample plot, and the leaves at the top of the stem were slightly withered and yellow; on August 30, the rainstorm caused the three white grass sample plot to be submerged in water, and the whole plant was completely immersed in water for 2 days. After the water receded on the 1st, 80% of the leaves at the top of the stem were obviously withered and yellowed, and some of them had fallen. The stems and leaves of the branches below 1/2 of the height were still healthy as a whole; the typhoon brought heavy rain on September 16, and the three white grass plots were once again. It was submerged. After the water receded on September 18, 90% of the leaves at the top of the stem fell off, and the stems and leaves as a whole were still robust at the height of less than 1/3 of the branches. On October 3, all the leaves fell off, and 90% of the stems were hollow. It turned black; on October 15, the three white grass fell to the ground, the whole plant rotted and died, and the survival rate of the stems on the three white grass was 0.
对比例3Comparative Example 3
2018年8月15日,于广东省肇庆市四会市南塘村河岸边采集三白草枝条(地上茎)。此时,三白草花谢1个半月左右,茎顶端叶片轻微枯黄,选择粗度约1cm比较细嫩的枝条(地上茎),截取近基部25cm左右长度茎段(即从地上茎基部至基部上25cm之间的茎段),去掉所有叶片,保留基部节较密集区段,作为插条于中国科学院华南植物园温室大棚内进行栽培试验。试验时间为2018年8月15日-9月12日,共4周,每周定期观察三白草的生长情况,包括发芽率(发芽枝条数/总枝条数)、平均发芽数(芽数量总和/总枝条数)、平均叶片数(叶数量总和/总枝条数)和平均最长新枝长度(观测枝条的最长新枝长度总和/总枝条数)。8月日平均气温为33℃,夜平均气温为26℃,平均日照时长为13h。On August 15, 2018, three white grass branches (aerial stems) were collected along the river bank of Nantang Village, Sihui City, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province. At this time, Sanbaicao flowers withered for about one and a half months, and the leaves at the top of the stem are slightly yellowed. Select a relatively delicate branch (aerial stem) with a thickness of about 1cm, and cut a 25cm-long stem section near the base (that is, from the base of the aboveground stem to 25cm above the base). The stem segment), removed all the leaves, and kept the denser basal node segment, which was used as a cutting in the greenhouse of the South China Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for cultivation experiments. The test time was from August 15 to September 12, 2018, for a total of 4 weeks, and the growth of Sanbai grass was regularly observed every week, including the germination rate (the number of sprouted branches/the total number of branches), the average germination number (the sum of the number of buds) /total number of branches), average number of leaves (sum of number of leaves/total number of branches) and average longest new branch length (sum of longest new branch length of observed branches/total number of branches). The average daily temperature in August is 33°C, the average night temperature is 26°C, and the average sunshine duration is 13h.
将泥炭土:塘泥:沙按照重量比5:2:1的比例混匀,置于直径为40cm,高30cm的种植袋中,土深为25cm。将试验所用枝条(插条)竖直扦插在栽培基质中,扦插深度为枝长的1/3,每盆3根,共10盆;将种植袋浸泡在水中,水没过土壤表层1cm左右。Mix peat soil: pond mud: sand according to the weight ratio of 5:2:1, and place it in a planting bag with a diameter of 40cm and a height of 30cm, and the soil depth is 25cm. The branches (cuttings) used in the test were vertically cut in the cultivation medium, and the cutting depth was 1/3 of the length of the branch, 3 per pot, and a total of 10 pots; the planting bag was soaked in water, and the water submerged about 1 cm of the soil surface.
第1周发芽率为75%,平均发芽数为1,平均叶片数为0;第2周发芽率为100%,平均发芽数为2,平均叶片数为4,平均最大叶面积为4cm2,平均最长茎长为3cm;第3周平均发芽数为2,平均叶片数为6片,平均最大叶面积为12cm2,平均最长茎长为6cm;第4周,平均发芽数为3个,平均叶片数为15片,平均最大叶面积为30cm2,平均最长茎长为10cm。In the first week, the germination rate was 75%, the average germination number was 1, and the average number of leaves was 0; in the second week, the germination rate was 100%, the average number of germinations was 2, the average number of leaves was 4, and the average maximum leaf area was 4cm 2 . The average longest stem length was 3cm; in the third week, the average number of germinations was 2, the average number of leaves was 6, the average maximum leaf area was 12cm 2 , and the average longest stem length was 6cm; in the fourth week, the average number of germinations was 3 , the average number of leaves is 15, the average maximum leaf area is 30cm 2 , and the average longest stem length is 10cm.
对比例4Comparative Example 4
2018年9月10日,于广东省肇庆市四会市南塘村河岸边采集三白草枝条(地上茎),粗度约2cm,茎顶端叶片80%已严重枯黄,枝条1/2以下高度部分茎、叶整体还很健壮,属于老粗型枝条。截取其基部25~30cm长度茎段(即从地上茎基部至基部上25~30cm之间的茎段),去掉所有叶片,保留土壤表层节较密集茎段,作为插条于中国科学院华南植物园温室大棚内进行栽培试验。试验时间为2018年9月10日-10月8日,共4周,每周定期观察三白草的生长情况,包括发芽率(发芽枝条数/总枝条数)、平均发芽数(发芽总数/总枝条数)、平均叶片数(叶片总数/总枝条数)、平均最大叶片面积(每根插条上最大叶面积之和/总枝条数)和平均最长新枝长度(每根插条上最长新枝长度之和/总枝条数)。9月日平均气温为33℃,夜平均气温为25℃,平均日照时长为13h。On September 10, 2018, three white grass branches (aerial stems) were collected from the river bank of Nantang Village, Sihui City, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, with a thickness of about 2cm, 80% of the leaves at the top of the stem were severely yellowed, and the height of the branches was less than 1/2. The stems and leaves are still robust as a whole and belong to the old and thick branches. Cut off the 25-30cm long stem section at the base (i.e., the stem section from the base of the above-ground stem to the 25-30cm above the base), remove all the leaves, and keep the denser stem sections on the soil surface, as cuttings in the greenhouse of the South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cultivation experiments were carried out. The test time was from September 10 to October 8, 2018, for a total of 4 weeks, and the growth of Sanbai grass was regularly observed every week, including the germination rate (the number of sprouted branches/total number of branches), the average germination number (the total number of germinations/ total number of branches), average number of leaves (total number of leaves/total number of branches), average maximum leaf area (sum of maximum leaf area per cutting/total number of branches), and average longest shoot length (longest shoot per cutting) Sum of length/total number of branches). The average daily temperature in September is 33°C, the average night temperature is 25°C, and the average sunshine duration is 13h.
将试验所用枝条(插条)横泡在下部有营养土(泥炭土:塘泥:沙=5:2:1m/m)的水体中,每盆3根,共5盆。第一周,漂浮在水面的三白草茎节出长出新芽,发芽率近50%,还无叶片展开;第二周,发芽率达100%,枝条存活率达100%,平均发芽数为3.3个,叶平均数为6片,平均最大叶面积为10cm2,平均最长茎达4cm;第4周,平均发芽数为3.5个,平均叶片数为7片,平均最大叶面积为15cm2,平均最长茎达10cm。The branches (cuttings) used in the test were soaked horizontally in a water body with nutrient soil (peat soil: pond mud: sand = 5:2:1 m/m) in the lower part, 3 per pot, 5 pots in total. In the first week, the stem nodes of Sanbai grass floating on the water surface grew new buds, the germination rate was nearly 50%, and there was no leaf unfolding; in the second week, the germination rate reached 100%, and the branch survival rate reached 100%. The average number of germinations was 3.3, the average number of leaves was 6, the average maximum leaf area was 10 cm 2 , and the average longest stem was 4 cm; in the fourth week, the average number of germinations was 3.5, the average number of leaves was 7, and the average maximum leaf area was 15 cm 2 , the average longest stem is 10cm.
将试验所用枝条(插条)竖直扦插在营养土(泥炭土:塘泥:沙=5:2:1m/m)中,每盆3根,共5盆。扦插深度为枝长的1/3,栽培距离为10cm,每天傍晚浇一次水,保持水分充足。第一周发芽率为0;第二周,发芽率为70%,平均发芽数为1个,平均叶片数为1片,平均最大叶面积为1.5cm2,平均最长茎达1cm;第4周,发芽率为90%,平均发芽数为1.5个,平均叶片数为2片,平均最大叶面积为6cm2。The branches (cuttings) used in the test were vertically cut in nutrient soil (peat soil: pond mud: sand = 5:2:1 m/m), 3 per pot, 5 pots in total. The cutting depth is 1/3 of the branch length, the cultivation distance is 10cm, and water is watered once every evening to maintain sufficient water. The germination rate in the first week was 0; in the second week, the germination rate was 70%, the average number of germinations was 1, the average number of leaves was 1, the average maximum leaf area was 1.5cm 2 , and the average longest stem was 1cm; week, the germination rate was 90%, the average number of germinations was 1.5, the average number of leaves was 2, and the average maximum leaf area was 6 cm 2 .
由上述实施例1和对比例1可以看出,三白草无论是旺盛生长时期(5月-7月)还是苗木枯萎期(8月-9月),其地上茎基部(茎未中空)在水培环境下都具有很强的萌发再生能力,水培两周,出芽率均可达100%,但5-7月生长旺盛的枝条发芽更快,新枝的生长速度更快。As can be seen from the above-mentioned Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, no matter whether it is a vigorous growth period (May-July) or a withering period of seedlings (August-September), the aboveground stem base (the stem is not hollow) is in the water. It has strong germination and regeneration ability in the cultivation environment. The germination rate can reach 100% for two weeks of hydroponics, but the vigorously growing branches germinate faster from May to July, and the growth rate of new branches is faster.
由上述实施例2和对比例2可以看出,在三白草地上茎还较健壮时,从近基部30cm左右将主茎剪断,能够促进侧芽萌发形成新枝,延长三白草的观赏期和采收期;且将三白草由野生移栽入试验田中时,切断与地下横走茎的联系能促进三白草地上茎基部节密集处萌发新芽,从地里长出新枝;埋在土壤基部的新芽比露在空气中的侧芽萌发慢,但芽一旦长出生长迅速。As can be seen from the above-mentioned embodiment 2 and comparative example 2, when the stem is still relatively strong on the Sanbai grass, the main stem is cut from about 30cm near the base, which can promote the germination of side buds to form new branches, and prolong the viewing period and harvesting of the Sanbai grass. And when Sanbai grass is transplanted from the wild into the experimental field, cutting off the connection with the underground horizontal stem can promote the germination of new buds at the dense base of the stem on the Sanbai grass, and new branches grow from the ground; the new shoots buried at the base of the soil Germination is slower than side shoots exposed to the air, but shoots grow rapidly once they are established.
由上述实施例3和对比例3可以看出,三白草耐水淹且枝条水平扦插比竖直扦插发芽率更快,每根试验枝条上芽的产量更高,长势更好,用此方法有利于提高苗木繁殖效率,降低栽培养护成本。As can be seen from above-mentioned embodiment 3 and comparative example 3, Sanbai grass is resistant to flooding and the germination rate of horizontal cuttings of branches is faster than that of vertical cuttings, and the output of buds on each test branch is higher, and the growth is better. It is beneficial to improve the breeding efficiency of seedlings and reduce the cost of cultivation and maintenance.
由上述实施例4和对比例4可以看出,水培三白草在发芽率、发芽数、以及新枝的生长速度各方面都显著优于竖直扦插;将三白草枝条水培到6~10cm移栽入营养土中,水平浅埋有利于三白草生长和后期分株繁殖。此种方法繁殖苗木比常规竖直扦插效率提高至少3倍,特别是在三白草苗枯萎季节。As can be seen from the above-mentioned embodiment 4 and comparative example 4, the hydroponic cultivation of S. chinensis is significantly better than vertical cuttings in all aspects of germination rate, germination number, and the growth rate of new branches; 10cm is transplanted into nutrient soil, and the horizontal shallow burial is conducive to the growth of three white grass and the later division propagation. The propagation efficiency of seedlings by this method is at least 3 times higher than that of conventional vertical cuttings, especially in the season of withering of three white grass seedlings.
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出的是,上述优选实施方式不应视为对本发明的限制,本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the above preferred embodiments should not be regarded as limitations of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the scope defined by the claims. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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