CN109937722B - Method for rapidly propagating Chinese lizardtail ground stems - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly propagating by utilizing overground stems of saururus chinensis, which comprises the following steps: 1) obtaining overground stems of saururus chinensis, reserving the most dense stem sections at the joints of the soil surface layer and the air, cutting off main stems from the positions close to the base parts by 25-30 cm, and removing most or all leaves to obtain cuttings; 2) horizontally and horizontally placing the cuttings in a fertile water body or Hoagland nutrient solution, and carrying out suspension water culture for 2-3 weeks to obtain new branches; 3) transplanting the obtained new branches into nutrient soil subjected to disinfection treatment in a horizontal transverse burying mode to cultivate, so as to obtain seedlings; 4) the obtained seedlings are propagated by dividing plants, transplanted to a field or a planting bag for cultivation and field planting. Compared with the conventional vertical cuttage efficiency, the overground stem rapid propagation method for the saururus chinensis is improved by at least 3 times, is favorable for improving the saururus chinensis propagation efficiency, and reduces the cultivation and maintenance cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant propagation, and particularly relates to a method for rapidly propagating Chinese lizardtail herb by using overground stems.
Background
Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill is a perennial hygrophyte of Saururus of Saururaceae, also known as Potentilla chinensis, caulis Akebiae, white water chicken, etc. More than about 1 meter high; the stem is thick and strong, has long thick edges and grooves, the lower part is covered on the ground and is always white, and the upper part is upright and green. The leaf paper is in the shape of a needle with a wide egg shape to an egg shape, the length of the leaf paper is 10-20 cm, the width of the leaf paper is 5-10 cm, and 2-3 leaves at the top end of a stem are usually white in the flowering phase and are in a petal shape, so the flower is very beautiful. The florescence is 4-6 months, the inflorescence is white, and the length is 12-20 cm. The fruit period is 7-8 months, the fruit is approximately spherical, the diameter is about 3 mm, and warty bulges are formed on the surface. Produced in Hebei, Shandong, Henan and Changjiang river watersheds and in southern provinces, and model specimens are collected near Guangzhou. The soil is loving dampness and enduring yin, is barren-resistant, has no strict requirement on soil, and can grow in shallow water or low-lying places such as pond edges, ditch edges, stream edges and the like.
The saururus chinensis baill whole herb medicine contains various beneficial components such as volatile oil, flavone, lignan, alkaloid, tannin and the like, has the activities of resisting inflammation, removing toxicity, reducing blood sugar, protecting liver, promoting urination and the like, and has obvious effects of treating and preventing diabetes, urinary tract infection, lithangiuria and the like. Saururus chinensis Baill has anti-tumor effect and low toxicity, and has potential in preventing and treating cancer at early stage. It can also be used as wild vegetable and ornamental flower containing unique nutrient component, so that it has good development prospect in the fields of medical use, edible use and ornamental property.
At present, the research on the saururus chinensis at home and abroad mainly focuses on the aspects of chemical components and pharmacological action, almost blank research on the aspect of the cultivation and propagation of the saururus chinensis, only in 2000, the article 'the test planting and the development and the utilization of the saururus chinensis' published by Jianiang teacher is that a plant division propagation method of underground stems is briefly introduced, underground stems with buds are dug in spring, the underground stems are cut into root segments with the length of 13-16cm, the seeds are planted according to the row spacing of 30 multiplied by 20cm, the buds are taken care to be upwards when the seeds are planted, the method requires the underground stems to have buds, and the cultivation time is limited in spring; a publication article 'tissue culture of saururus chinensis' in 2001 describes an experimental method for inducing callus and suspension culture by using saururus chinensis rhizomes, stem segments and leaves as explants and MS with different hormone combinations as culture media, and results show that the induction effect of the stem segments is superior to that of the rhizomes and the leaves, and the induction rate of the callus can reach 81 percent. At present, no special literature is available for researching the seed reproduction of saururus chinensis, and the conventional sowing and reproduction efficiency is low. The three methods have certain limitations, have higher requirements on material selection, cultivation time and environmental conditions, and are not beneficial to the rapid propagation of the saururus chinensis. The Chinese lizardtail herb in the market is mainly from wild resources, and the artificial large-area cultivation is very little, so that a large number of nursery stocks are difficult to buy. Human exploitation and habitat destruction result in large-area reduction of the saururus chinensis wild resources. The traditional breeding mode is difficult to meet the requirements of the saururus chinensis seedling in different seasons in the market, and the application of the saururus chinensis in landscape engineering such as urban gardens and the like is limited to a certain extent.
The research finds that the overground part of the saururus chinensis begins to wither 1-2 months after flowers under natural conditions, leaves wither, overground stems gradually become hollow and black, and finally withered and rotten, and the saururus chinensis continued to germinate in the spring of the next year, and the characteristics are not recorded in special words.
The saururus chinensis is used as a medicine and food forever source, has landscape function and economic value, and is beneficial to market popularization and wild resource protection of the saururus chinensis by researching the growth characteristics and cultivation and propagation modes of the saururus chinensis from multiple aspects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simple and feasible method for propagating seedlings by using overground stems of saururus chinensis, aiming at the current situations that the research on the related cultivation technology of saururus chinensis is very little, the damage to wild resources is serious, the overground part of the saururus chinensis withers in autumn, the supply of the medicinal material market is short, and the garden seedling market is not opened.
The invention achieves the above purpose through the following technical scheme:
a method for rapidly propagating Chinese lizardtail overground stems comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining overground stems of saururus chinensis, reserving the most dense stem sections at the joints of the soil surface layer and the air, cutting the stem sections from the bases of the overground stems to the positions 25-30 cm above the bases, and removing most or all leaves to obtain cuttings;
(2) horizontally and horizontally placing the cuttings in a fertile water body or Hoagland nutrient solution, and carrying out suspension water culture for 2-3 weeks to obtain new branches;
(3) directly cultivating and growing the obtained new branches or horizontally burying the new branches and transplanting the new branches into nutrient soil which is sterilized in advance for cultivation to obtain seedlings;
(4) and (5) carrying out field planting cultivation on the obtained seedlings.
The fertile water body in the step (2) can be fishpond water, pig farm culture wastewater or a water body containing nutrient soil and the like, and is mainly a water body containing nutrient elements required by growth of saururus chinensis.
The nutrient soil in the step (3) is peat soil: pond sludge: sand is a mixture of 5:2:1 by weight.
The step (3) of sterilizing the nutrient soil specifically comprises the following steps: 5g of 25% wettable daphniphora powder is mixed with 5kg of water, mixed uniformly, sprayed with 100kg of nutrient soil, mixed uniformly while spraying, and stacked for 2 hours.
And (4) horizontally and transversely burying the soil in the step (3) for 2cm in depth, and planting the seedlings for 10cm in distance.
And (4) watering once a day in the cultivation process of the step (3) to ensure sufficient water without accumulated water so as to prevent the overground stems from rotting in soil.
And (4) performing field planting cultivation on the obtained seedlings, namely cutting stem sections into 2-3 sections according to the positions of new branches when the height of the seedlings is 25cm, enabling each section to be 7-10 cm, processing the cuts by using carbendazim diluted by the volume ratio of 1:1000, and then transplanting the cut into a field or a planting bag for cultivation and field planting.
The transplanting is carried out in a field for cultivation and field planting, and a field block with sufficient water source and convenient drainage and irrigation is selected as the field; spraying a broad-spectrum biocidal herbicide once a week before the field is ploughed; leveling a large field compartment surface and ditching to form a compartment when the large field is ploughed, wherein the width of the compartment surface is 1.5-2 m, the width of a groove between the compartments is 30-40 cm, and the depth of the groove is 15-30 cm; the cultivation distance is 20-30 cm, and the soil covering depth is 8-10 cm; pouring water to the surface of the compartment once in the morning and at night respectively one week before transplanting, and injecting water into the ditch to ensure that the water depth is 1/2 of the ditch depth; injecting water into the field after transplanting for one week to make the water holding capacity in the ditch equal to the compartment surface and make the water content and soil humidity of the field equal to those of the planted rice.
The transplanting in the planting bag in the step (4) is carried out with cultivation and field planting, holes can be pricked on the periphery of the planting bag, the planting bag is placed in a water pool, the height of a cultivation medium in the bag is 25cm, the depth of soil covering for the nursery stock is 8-10 cm, and the depth of water in the water pool is 10 cm; watering the planting bags once a day 3 days before transplanting, watering once every 2-3 days after transplanting to supplement evaporation capacity, and keeping the water depth to be half of the soil height.
According to the method, the overground stems of the saururus chinensis are obtained in 4-9 months, wherein the early flowering stage of the saururus chinensis is in 4-6 months, the full flowering stage is in 7-9 months, the late flowering stage of the saururus chinensis is not withered seriously, and the robust branches in 5-7 months have the best effect, so that the overground stems of the saururus chinensis obtained in 5-7 months are preferably used as propagation materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in 4-9 months, the overground stem of the saururus chinensis is dug or pulled up shallowly, the stem section with the densest node at the joint of the soil surface layer and the air is reserved, the stem section is cut from the position near the base part by 25-30 cm, the overground stem from the base part of the overground stem to the cut position is used as a cutting, the cutting is favorable for the lateral bud and the node of the stem base part to sprout new branches again, and the sprouting force is stronger at the position where the node near the base part is denser; the cut branches can be used as medicinal materials and fresh-cut flower materials in the flowering period, and the cut branches are favorable for prolonging the harvesting period and the ornamental period of the saururus chinensis after flowering; the obtained overground stem of saururus chinensis has strong germination and regeneration capacity in a water culture environment, the germination rate reaches 100%, and the growth speed of new branches is high.
(2) According to the method, after the overground saururus chinensis is subjected to water culture for 2-3 weeks, the germinated branches are horizontally and shallowly buried in nutrient soil, so that the method is beneficial to further germination of new buds, photosynthesis of bases of the new branches and late-stage transplantation of seedlings.
(3) The method adopts a horizontal cuttage mode to cultivate the overground stems of the saururus chinensis, is obviously superior to vertical cuttage in the aspects of germination rate, germination number and growth speed of new branches, has higher yield of buds on each test branch and better growth vigor, is favorable for the growth and later-stage plant division propagation of the saururus chinensis, improves the seedling propagation efficiency by at least 3 times compared with the conventional vertical cuttage, and is favorable for improving the seedling propagation efficiency and reducing the cultivation and maintenance cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a landscape of the blooming period of Saururus chinensis Baill in 5 months;
FIG. 2 is a view of a strong saururus chinensis overground stem (right) and a withered hollow overground stem (left);
FIG. 3 shows the initial growth of the saururus chinensis shoots (cuttings) of example 1;
FIG. 4 shows the overall growth of saururus chinensis shoots at week 5 in example 1;
FIG. 5 shows the local growth of saururus chinensis shoots at week 5 in example 1;
FIG. 6 shows the condition of the grass seedling of Saururus chinensis Baill of example 2 just transplanted into the field;
FIG. 7 shows the growth of the grass seedling of Saururus chinensis Baill of example 2 immediately after transplanting into the field for 45 days;
FIG. 8 is a comparison of the soil in example 4 after hydroponic culture (right high) and vertical cutting (left short).
Detailed Description
The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof. The following examples are given without specifying the particular experimental conditions and methods, and the technical means employed are generally conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
Saururus chinensis is collected on the bank of the Nantang village of the fourth meeting, Zhaoqing, Guangdong province in 2018, 5 months and 1 day. At the moment, the seedlings are in the flowering phase and grow vigorously, the saururus chinensis seedlings with the consistent growth vigor are pulled out, the thickness of main stems is about 1.5cm, stem sections with the base parts of 25-30 cm (namely the stem sections from the base parts of the overground stems to the base parts of 25-30 cm) are taken, all leaves are removed, and sections with dense bottom nodes are reserved and used as cuttings for carrying out the water culture test. The test water is the wastewater from pig farm cultivation, and the wastewater is contained in blue water tanks, wherein each tank contains 60L of water, and 15 saururus chinensis cuttings are transversely placed on the water surface to enable the water to freely float and grow. The test time is 5 months 2 days to 6 months 5 days in 2018, 5 weeks in total, and the growth conditions of the saururus chinensis baill are regularly observed every week, including the germination rate (number of germinating branches/total number of branches) and the seedling height. The place is a simple greenhouse with good illumination and ventilation in the southern pond village of the four-party city, the average temperature at night in the greenhouse is 25 ℃, the average daily temperature is 33 ℃, and the average sunshine time is 13 hours.
In the first week of water culture, the germination rate of the upper stem of the saururus chinensis field reaches 70%, and the bud emergence of the section of the cutting near the base is faster; in the second week, the germination rate reaches 100%, all the sections on the cuttings germinate, the leaves gradually expand, and the average seedling height reaches 4 cm; in the third week, the leaves are further unfolded and grow up, and the average seedling height is 6.5 cm; in the fourth week, the average seedling height is 11 cm; in the 5 th week, new branches grow vigorously, the average seedling height reaches 17cm, a large number of new roots grow on the tested branches, new transverse stems germinate at the dense parts of the bottom nodes, and the biomass increases rapidly.
The initial growth condition of the saururus chinensis branches is shown in figure 3, the overall growth condition of the saururus chinensis branches at the 5 th week is shown in figure 4, and the local growth condition of the saururus chinensis branches at the 5 th week is shown in figure 5.
Example 2
Saururus chinensis is collected on the bank of the Nantang village of the fourth meeting, Zhaoqing, Guangdong province, 8 months and 1 day in 2018. At the moment, the Chinese lizardtail flowers wither for about 1 month, the top leaves have slight withering and yellowing phenomena, the Chinese lizardtail with relatively consistent growth vigor is pulled out, the main stem is about 2cm thick, stem sections which are about 30cm close to the base (namely stem sections from the base of the overground stem to about 30cm above the base) are taken, all leaves are removed, and the sections with dense bottom sections are reserved and are transplanted into a test field (horizontally and horizontally placed on the water surface in a paddy field) in the evening. The test site is southern pond village of Sihui city, the test field is paddy field, the width of the compartment surface is 1.5m, the width of the ditch between compartments is 30cm, the depth is 20cm, the compartments are planted according to row spacing of 40cm multiplied by 30cm, 4 branches are planted in each row, 25 rows are planted in each compartment, 2 compartments are formed in total, and the soil covering depth is 8-10 cm. And (5) extracting the seedlings to a test field for water injection in the first half of the transplanting, so that the soil is moist and branches can be inserted conveniently. After transplanting, water is injected into the field to make the water holding capacity in the ditch equal to the compartment surface, so that the water content and soil humidity of the field are equal to those of the planted rice. The test time is 1/8/10/15/2018, the growth conditions of the saururus chinensis are observed once every 15 days, and the saururus chinensis growth conditions comprise the base germination rate (the number of base sprouting branches/the number of test total branches), the lateral bud sprouting rate (the number of branches sprouting by lateral buds/the number of test total branches), the average longest new branch length (the longest new branch length and/or the number of test total branches of test branches) and the average maximum leaf area (the maximum leaf area of branches/the number of test total branches). 8, 1 to 9, 30 days, the average temperature of the test field at night is 26 ℃, and the average temperature of the test field at day is 34 ℃; the average temperature was 29 ℃ in 10 months and 19 ℃ in the night. The average sunshine duration of 8 months is 13h, the average sunshine duration of 9 months is 12.5h, and the average sunshine duration of 10 months is 11.5 h.
8, 16The saururus chinensis cutting shoots new buds from the ground of the base part, the germination rate of the base part reaches 50%, the lateral bud sprouting rate is 70%, new branches grow out at the first section nearest to the cut, the average longest new branch length is 5cm, and the average largest leaf area is 9cm2(ii) a Rainstorm is carried out for 30 days in 8 months, and after sunny days in 1 day in 9 months, the cuttage survival rate of overground stem branches is 100%, the base germination rate is 100%, the overground stem branches grow rapidly, the lateral bud shoot rate is 100%, the average longest new branch length is 9cm, and the average largest leaf area is 15cm2(ii) a Rainstorm is caused by typhoon in 16 days in 9 months, the average longest new branch length is 15cm, and the average largest leaf area is 25cm when the rainstorm is observed in 18 days in 9 months after sunny days2(ii) a 10 months and 3 days, the average longest new branch length is 22cm, and the average maximum leaf area is 30cm2. 10 months and 15 days, the average length of the longest new branch is 30cm, the longest new branches of 90 percent of branches are branches which sprout from the base part, and the average maximum leaf area is 42cm2。
The situation of the Chinese lizardtail grass seedling just transplanted into the field is shown in figure 6, and the growth situation of the Chinese lizardtail grass seedling after being transplanted into the field for 45 days is shown in figure 7.
Example 3
On the day of 15.8.2018, overground stems of Saururus chinensis are collected on the bank of the Nantang village of the fourth meeting, Zhaoqing, Guangdong province. At the moment, the saururus chinensis is withered for about 1 and half month, leaves at the top ends of the stems are slightly withered and yellow, tender overground stems with the thickness of about 1cm are selected, stem sections with the length of about 25cm of the base parts of the overground stems (namely the stem sections from the base parts of the overground stems to the base parts of about 25 cm) are cut, all the leaves are removed, the stem sections with dense base parts are reserved, and the stem sections are used as cuttings to be planted in greenhouse of south China plant gardens of China, academy of sciences. The test time is 8/15/9/12/2018, and the total time is 4 weeks, the growth conditions of the saururus chinensis are regularly observed every week, and the growth conditions comprise the germination rate (number of germinating branches/total number of branches), the average germination number (total number of buds/total number of branches), the average leaf number (total number of leaves/total number of branches), and the average longest new branch length (total length of the longest new branches/total number of branches to be observed). The average temperature of the sun at 8 months is 33 ℃, the average temperature of the night is 26 ℃, and the average sunshine duration is 13 h.
Mixing peat soil: pond sludge: the sand is uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio of 5:2:1, and is placed in a planting bag with the diameter of 40cm and the height of 30cm, and the depth of the culture medium is about 25 cm. Horizontally and horizontally placing the cuttings used in the test on a culture medium, wherein each pot contains 3 cuttings and 10 cuttings; the planting bag is soaked in water, and the water is about 1cm higher than the surface of the soil.
The germination rate of the upper stem branches of the 1 st week saururus chinensis field is 100 percent, the average germination number is 3, and the average leaf number is 0; the average number of sprouts in week 2 was 4, the average number of leaves was 10, and the average maximum leaf area was 5cm2The average longest stem length is 4 cm; the average number of sprouts in week 3 was 4, the average number of leaves was 15, and the average maximum leaf area was 14cm2The average longest stem length is 7 cm; at week 4, the average number of sprouts was 4, the average number of leaves was 18, and the average maximum leaf area was 30cm2The average longest stem length was 12 cm.
Example 4
In 2018, 9 and 10, Saururi herba overground stems are collected at the bank of the Nantang village in Quhui city, Zhaoqing, Guangdong province, the thickness is about 2cm, 80% of leaves at the top ends of the stems are seriously withered and yellow, and the stems and leaves below 1/2 are robust and whole, and belong to old and coarse overground stems. And (3) intercepting stem sections with the length of about 25-30 cm from the base part of the stem (namely stem sections from the base part of the stem on the ground to about 25-30 cm above the base part), removing all leaves, and keeping the stem sections with dense base part sections, so that the stem sections are used as cuttings for carrying out cultivation tests in greenhouse of south China plant orchard of China academy of sciences. The test time is from 9 months to 10 months and 8 days in 2018, and the test period is 4 weeks in total, the growth conditions of the saururus chinensis baill are regularly observed every week, and the saururus chinensis baill comprises the germination rate (number of germinated branches/total branches), the average germination number (total number of germinated branches/total number of branches), the average leaf number (total number of leaves/total number of branches), the average maximum leaf area (sum of maximum leaf areas on each cutting/total number of branches) and the average longest new branch length (sum of longest new branch lengths on each cutting/total number of branches). The average temperature of the sun at 9 months is 33 ℃, the average temperature of the night is 25 ℃, and the average sunshine duration is 13 h.
The stem segments (cuttings) used in the test were soaked transversely in a water body with nutrient soil (peat soil: pond mud: sand 5:2:1m/m) at the lower part, 3 per pot, for 5 pots. In the first week, the burls of the saururus chinensis floating on the water surface grow new buds, the germination rate is close to 50%, and no leaves are unfolded; second week, of test shootsThe survival rate reaches 100%, the germination rate reaches 100%, the average germination number is 3.3, the average number of leaves is 6, and the average maximum leaf area is 10cm2The average longest stem (new branch) reached 4 cm. At this time, the strain is transferred into nutrient soil (peat soil: pond sludge: sand ═ 5:2:1m/m) to be cultured continuously, and the disinfection mode of the nutrient soil is as follows: 5g of 25% wettable daphniphyllum powder is added with 5kg of water, the mixture is uniformly mixed and then sprayed with 100kg of nutrient soil, the mixture is uniformly mixed while being sprayed, and after 2 hours of accumulation, the transplanting can be carried out, wherein the cultivation mode is horizontal transverse burying, the soil covering depth is about 2cm, and the cultivation distance is about 10 cm; watering once every evening to ensure sufficient water without water accumulation; in week 4, the average number of sprouts was 3.8, the average number of leaves was 11, and the average maximum leaf area was 40cm2The average longest stem is up to 18 cm. And (5) transplanting seedlings and planting after the seedlings are about 25cm high. Dividing the stem into 2-3 sections according to the position of the new branch, wherein each section is 7-10 cm long, the cut is not too close to the new branch, and treating the cut with carbendazim diluted by water with the volume ratio of 1:1000 to avoid wound infection. Transplanting the new seedlings into a planting bag for planting, pricking holes on the periphery of the planting bag, placing the planting bag into a water pool, wherein the height of a planting substrate (peat soil: pond mud: sand is 5:2:1m/m) in the bag is 25cm, the soil covering depth of the seedlings is 8-10 cm, and the water depth of the water pool is about 10 cm. Watering the planting bags once a day 3 days before transplanting, watering the planting bags once every 2-3 days after transplanting to supplement the evaporation capacity, and keeping the water depth about half of the soil height.
The comparison effect of the growth condition of the saururus chinensis after water culture and moved into nutrient soil and the growth condition of vertical cuttage is shown in figure 8.
Comparative example 1
In 2018, 25 months, Saururi herba is collected at the bank of the Nantang village of the fourth meeting city of Zhaoqing, Guangdong province, flowers wither, the top leaf part is obviously withered and yellow, the Saururi herba nursery stock with strong main stem is pulled out, the thickness is about 1.5cm, the stem section with the base part of 25-30 cm (namely the stem section from the stem base part on the ground to the base part of 25-30 cm) is taken, all the leaves are removed, the section with dense bottom sections is reserved, and a water culture test is carried out. The test water is the wastewater from pig farm cultivation, and the wastewater is contained in blue water tanks, wherein each tank contains 60L of water, and 15 saururus chinensis branches are horizontally placed on the water surface to enable the saururus chinensis branches to float and grow freely. The test time is 26 days in 8 months to 1 day in 10 months in 2018 years for 5 weeks, and the growth conditions of the saururus chinensis baill are regularly observed every week, including the germination rate (number of germinating branches/total number of branches) and the seedling height. The place is a simple greenhouse with good illumination and ventilation in the southern pond village of the four-party city, the average temperature at night in the greenhouse is 26 ℃, the average temperature per day in the greenhouse is 34 ℃, and the average sunshine time is 13 hours.
In the first week, the germination rate of the upper stem of the saururus chinensis is 40%, and the node near the basal part buds quickly; in the second week, the germination rate reaches 100%, 70% of nodes on each branch have buds, partial leaves are unfolded, and the average seedling height is 3.5 cm; in the third week, the leaves are further unfolded and grow up, and the average seedling height is 6 cm; in the fourth week, the average seedling height is 10 cm; in the 5 th week, new branches grow vigorously, the height of seedlings reaches 15cm, a large number of new roots grow on the tested branches, new transverse stems germinate at the dense parts of the bottom nodes, and the biomass increases rapidly.
Comparative example 2
In 2018, 8 and 1, 3 saururus chinensis sample plots of 1.5m × 1m are drawn on the bank of the Nantang village in the four-meeting city of Zhaoqing, Guangdong province for field observation. At this time, saururus chinensis was withered for about 1 month, and slight withering and yellowing of the top leaves occurred. The test time is 1 day at 8 months and 15 days at 10 months in 2018 years, the growth condition of the saururus chinensis in the field is observed every 15 days, and the growth condition comprises the base germination rate (the number of the base budding branches/the total number of the test branches), the lateral bud shoot rate (the number of the branches germinated by the lateral buds/the total number of the test branches), the average longest new branch length (the longest new branch length of the test branches and/or the total number of the test branches) and the average maximum leaf area (the maximum leaf area of the branches/the total number of the test branches). 8, 1 to 9, 30 months, the average temperature of the field at night is 26 ℃, and the average temperature of the field at day is 34 ℃; the average temperature was 29 ℃ in 10 months and 19 ℃ in the night. The average sunshine duration of 8 months is 13h, the average sunshine duration of 9 months is 12.5h, and the average sunshine duration of 10 months is 11.5 h.
Selecting saururus chinensis of 1/2 areas in the sample plot, cutting from the height of about 30cm near the basal part, randomly selecting 10 saururus chinensis as observation objects, hanging label plates, and observing the growth condition of saururus chinensis in the field every 15 days. The base of partial branch sprouts out from the ground in 8 months and 16 days, the sprouting rate of the base reaches 30 percent, the lateral bud sprouting rate is 70 percent, the new branch grows out at the node nearest to the cut, the average longest new branch length is 3cm, and the average largest new branch length isThe leaf area is 6cm2(ii) a Rainstorm is carried out for 30 days in 8 months, a Saururi herba sample plot is submerged in water, the whole plant is completely soaked in water for 2 days, and after the water is cooled down in 1 day in 9 months, the germination rate of a base part is 50%, the lateral bud sprouting rate is 80%, the average longest new branch length is 5cm, and the average maximum leaf area is 10cm2(ii) a Rainstorm is caused by typhoon in 16 days in 9 months, the saururus chinensis Franch sample plot is submerged again, the survival rate of saururus chinensis Franch branches is 100 percent, the basal germination rate is 60 percent, the lateral bud sprouting rate is 100 percent, the average longest new branch length is 10cm, and the average maximum leaf area is 18cm after the water is cooled down in 18 days in 9 months2(ii) a 10 months and 3 days, the average longest new branch length is 14cm, and the average maximum leaf area is 30cm2. 10 months and 15 days, the average longest new branch length is 20cm, and 70 percent of the average maximum leaf area of lateral branch germination is 38cm2。
Selecting the saururus chinensis with 1/2 areas in the sample plot without any treatment, randomly selecting 10 saururus chinensis as observation objects, hanging label plates, and observing the growth condition of the saururus chinensis in the wild every 15 days. In 16 days after 8 months, almost no new buds sprout in the soil at the base of the branch in the sample plot, and the leaves at the top of the stem are slightly withered and yellow; rainstorm occurs in 30 days in 8 months, the sample plot of the saururus chinensis is submerged in water, the whole plant is completely soaked in the water for 2 days, and when the water is cooled down in 1 day in 9 months, 80% of leaves at the top end of the stem are obviously withered and yellow, parts of the leaves fall off, and the whole stem and leaves at the height below the branch 1/2 are strong; rainstorm is caused by typhoon in 16 days in 9 months, the Saururi herba sample plot is submerged again, and after water is removed in 18 days in 9 months, the leaves at the top of the stem are observed to wither 90%, and the whole stem and leaves at the height below the branch 1/3 are stronger; after 10 months and 3 days, all the leaves wither, and 90 percent of the stems are hollow and turn black; after 10 months and 15 days, the Chinese lizardtail herb is laid on the ground, the whole plant is rotten and dies, and the survival rate of the overground stems of the Chinese lizardtail herb is 0.
Comparative example 3
On 15/8/2018, Saururus chinensis shoots (overground stems) were collected on the bank of the Nantang village of the Quhui city, Zhaoqing, Guangdong province. At the moment, the saururus chinensis is withered for about 1 and half month, leaves at the top end of the stem are slightly withered and yellow, tender branches (overground stems) with the thickness of about 1cm are selected, stem sections with the length of about 25cm close to the base (namely stem sections from the overground stem base to the base for 25 cm) are cut, all the leaves are removed, and sections with dense base sections are reserved and used as cuttings for carrying out cultivation tests in greenhouse greenhouses of plant gardens of south China, Chinese academy of sciences. The test time is 8/15/9/12/2018, and the total time is 4 weeks, the growth conditions of the saururus chinensis are regularly observed every week, and the growth conditions comprise the germination rate (number of germinating branches/total number of branches), the average germination number (total number of buds/total number of branches), the average leaf number (total number of leaves/total number of branches), and the average longest new branch length (total length of the longest new branches/total number of branches to be observed). The average temperature of the sun at 8 months is 33 ℃, the average temperature of the night is 26 ℃, and the average sunshine duration is 13 h.
Mixing peat soil: pond sludge: the sand is uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio of 5:2:1, and is placed in a planting bag with the diameter of 40cm and the height of 30cm, and the soil depth is 25 cm. Vertically cutting branches (cuttings) used in the test in a culture medium, wherein the cutting depth is 1/3 branches long, 3 branches are planted in each pot, and 10 pots are total; the planting bag is soaked in water, and the water is about 1cm higher than the surface of the soil.
The germination rate in week 1 is 75%, the average germination number is 1, and the average leaf number is 0; the germination rate in week 2 is 100%, the average germination number is 2, the average leaf number is 4, and the average maximum leaf area is 4cm2The average longest stem length is 3 cm; the average number of sprouts in week 3 was 2, the average number of leaves was 6, and the average maximum leaf area was 12cm2The average longest stem length is 6 cm; in week 4, the average number of sprouts was 3, the average number of leaves was 15, and the average maximum leaf area was 30cm2The average longest stem length was 10 cm.
Comparative example 4
In 2018, 9 and 10, Saururus chinensis shoots (overground stems) are collected at the bank of the river in Nantang village of Quhui, Zhaoqing, Guangdong province, the thickness is about 2cm, 80% of leaves at the top of the stems are seriously withered and yellow, and the stems and leaves at the part below 1/2 of the shoots are robust and belong to old and thick shoots. And (3) intercepting stem sections with the length of 25-30 cm from the base of the stem (namely stem sections from the base of the stem on the ground to 25-30 cm above the base), removing all leaves, reserving the stem sections with dense soil surface sections, and performing a cultivation test in a greenhouse of a south China plant garden of Chinese academy of sciences as cuttings. The test time is from 9 months to 10 months and 8 days in 2018, and the test period is 4 weeks in total, the growth conditions of the saururus chinensis baill are regularly observed every week, and the saururus chinensis baill comprises the germination rate (number of germinated branches/total branches), the average germination number (total number of germinated branches/total number of branches), the average leaf number (total number of leaves/total number of branches), the average maximum leaf area (sum of maximum leaf areas on each cutting/total number of branches) and the average longest new branch length (sum of longest new branch lengths on each cutting/total number of branches). The average temperature of the sun at 9 months is 33 ℃, the average temperature of the night is 25 ℃, and the average sunshine duration is 13 h.
The branches (cuttings) used in the test are transversely soaked in a water body with nutrient soil (peat soil: pond mud: sand ═ 5:2:1m/m) at the lower part, 3 branches are soaked in each pot, and 5 pots are total. In the first week, the burls of the saururus chinensis floating on the water surface grow new buds, the germination rate is close to 50%, and no leaves are unfolded; in the second week, the germination rate reaches 100%, the survival rate of branches reaches 100%, the average germination number is 3.3, the average number of leaves is 6, and the average maximum leaf area is 10cm2Average longest stem of up to 4 cm; in week 4, the average number of sprouts was 3.5, the average number of leaves was 7, and the average maximum leaf area was 15cm2With an average longest stem of up to 10 cm.
The branches (cuttings) used in the test are vertically inserted into nutrient soil (peat soil: pond mud: sand ═ 5:2:1m/m) in a total of 5 pots, with 3 branches per pot. The cutting depth is 1/3 with long branches, the cultivation distance is 10cm, and water is poured once every evening to keep sufficient water. The germination rate in the first week is 0; in the second week, the germination percentage was 70%, the average germination number was 1, the average leaf number was 1, and the average maximum leaf area was 1.5cm2Average longest stem up to 1 cm; in week 4, the germination percentage was 90%, the average germination number was 1.5, the average leaf number was 2, and the average maximum leaf area was 6cm2。
As can be seen from the above example 1 and comparative example 1, the above-ground stem base (stem is not hollow) of the saururus chinensis has strong germination and regeneration capacity in a water culture environment no matter in the vigorous growth period (5-7 months) or in the seedling withering period (8-9 months), the germination rate can reach 100% in two weeks of water culture, but the branches growing vigorously in 5-7 months germinate faster and the growth speed of new branches is higher.
As can be seen from the above example 2 and comparative example 2, when the overground stem of the saururus chinensis is still strong, the main stem is cut off from about 30cm near the basal part, so that the lateral buds can be promoted to germinate to form new branches, and the ornamental period and the harvesting period of the saururus chinensis are prolonged; when the saururus chinensis is transplanted into a test field from the wild, the connection with the underground transverse stem is cut off, so that the overground stem base part of the saururus chinensis can be promoted to sprout at the dense position, and new branches grow out of the field; sprouts buried in the soil base germinated slower than the lateral sprouts exposed in the air, but once they grew, they grew rapidly.
As can be seen from the above example 3 and comparative example 3, saururus chinensis is resistant to water logging, the germination rate of branches subjected to horizontal cuttage is higher than that of branches subjected to vertical cuttage, the yield of buds on each test branch is higher, the growth vigor is better, and the method is favorable for improving the seedling propagation efficiency and reducing the cultivation and maintenance cost.
As can be seen from the above example 4 and comparative example 4, the hydroponic saururus chinensis is significantly better than the vertical cuttage in the aspects of germination rate, germination number and growth rate of new branches; transplanting the saururus chinensis branches into nutrient soil after being hydroponically planted for 6-10 cm, and horizontally and shallowly burying the saururus chinensis branches to be beneficial to growth and later-stage plant division propagation of the saururus chinensis. The method improves the efficiency of seedling propagation by at least 3 times compared with the conventional vertical cuttage, especially in the withered season of the Chinese lizardtail seedling.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for rapidly propagating by utilizing overground stems of saururus chinensis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) obtaining overground stems of saururus chinensis, reserving the most dense stem sections at the joints of the soil surface layer and the air, cutting the stem sections from the bases of the overground stems to the positions 25-30 cm above the bases, and removing most or all leaves to obtain cuttings;
(2) horizontally and horizontally placing the cuttings in a fertile water body or Hoagland nutrient solution, and carrying out suspension water culture for 2-3 weeks to obtain new branches;
(3) directly cultivating and growing the obtained new branches or horizontally burying the new branches and transplanting the new branches into nutrient soil which is sterilized in advance for cultivation to obtain seedlings;
(4) and (5) carrying out field planting cultivation on the obtained seedlings.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fertile water is pig farm wastewater or water containing nutrient soil.
3. The method for rapidly propagating by utilizing the overground stems of saururus chinensis as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the nutrient soil is peat soil: pond sludge: sand is a mixture of 5:2:1 by weight.
4. The method for rapidly propagating by utilizing the overground stems of saururus chinensis as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the step (3) of sterilizing the nutrient soil is specifically as follows: 5g of 25% wettable daphniphora powder is mixed with 5kg of water, mixed uniformly, sprayed with 100kg of nutrient soil, mixed uniformly while spraying, and stacked for 2 hours.
5. The method for rapid propagation of saururus chinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil covering depth for horizontal transverse burying in step (3) is 2cm, and the cultivation distance is 10 cm.
6. The method for rapid propagation of saururus chinensis baill on ground stems according to claim 1, wherein water is poured once a day in the cultivation process of the step (3) to ensure sufficient water and no water accumulation.
7. The method for rapidly propagating through overground stems of saururus chinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting cultivation of the obtained seedlings in the step (4) is carried out by cutting the stem segments into 2-3 segments according to the positions of new branches, wherein each segment is 7-10 cm long, treating the cut with carbendazim diluted by the volume ratio of 1:1000, and then transplanting the cut into a field or a planting bag for cultivation and planting.
8. The method for rapidly propagating by utilizing the overground stems of saururus chinensis as claimed in claim 7, wherein the transplanting into a field for cultivation and field planting specifically comprises the following steps: selecting a field block with sufficient water source and convenient drainage and irrigation as a field; spraying a broad-spectrum biocidal herbicide once a week before the field is ploughed; leveling a large field compartment surface and ditching to form a compartment when the large field is ploughed, wherein the width of the compartment surface is 1.5-2 m, the width of a groove between the compartments is 30-40 cm, and the depth of the groove is 15-30 cm; the cultivation distance is 20-30 cm, and the soil covering depth is 8-10 cm; pouring water to the surface of the compartment once in the morning and at night respectively one week before transplanting, and injecting water into the ditch to ensure that the water depth is 1/2 of the ditch depth; injecting water into the field after transplanting for one week to make the water holding capacity in the ditch equal to the compartment surface and make the water content and soil humidity of the field equal to those of the planted rice.
9. The method for rapidly propagating by utilizing the overground stems of saururus chinensis as claimed in claim 7, wherein the transplanting in the planting bags for cultivation and planting specifically comprises the following steps: pricking holes around the planting bag, and placing the planting bag in a water pool, wherein the height of a culture medium in the bag is 25cm, the depth of soil covering for the nursery stock is 8-10 cm, and the depth of water in the water pool is 10 cm; watering the planting bags once a day 3 days before transplanting, watering once every 2-3 days after transplanting to supplement evaporation capacity, and keeping the water depth to be half of the soil height.
10. The method for rapid propagation by utilizing overground stems of saururus chinensis as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the time for obtaining the overground stems of saururus chinensis is 5-7 months.
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| KR100475428B1 (en) * | 2004-08-19 | 2005-03-14 | 이성호 | Culture method of a perennial platycodon grandiflorum contained high saponin content using various oriental medicinal remnants |
| CN105993535A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-10-12 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Rapid expanding propagation method for potamogeton crispus single-section stem fragments |
| KR20160136196A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2016-11-29 | 홍범식 | Growing methods of Saururus chinensis Baill as an alternative crop of hot pepper cultivated in rural, mountainous and remote areas near rivers or lakes |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100475428B1 (en) * | 2004-08-19 | 2005-03-14 | 이성호 | Culture method of a perennial platycodon grandiflorum contained high saponin content using various oriental medicinal remnants |
| KR20160136196A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2016-11-29 | 홍범식 | Growing methods of Saururus chinensis Baill as an alternative crop of hot pepper cultivated in rural, mountainous and remote areas near rivers or lakes |
| CN105993535A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-10-12 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Rapid expanding propagation method for potamogeton crispus single-section stem fragments |
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