CN110896815A

CN110896815A - Method for cultivating coptis under forest

Info

Publication number: CN110896815A
Application number: CN201811084843.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张勇
Original assignee: Nanchong Gaoping Fenghuangzhai Ecological Sightseeing Agriculture Co Ltd
Current assignee: Nanchong Gaoping Fenghuangzhai Ecological Sightseeing Agriculture Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-09-18
Filing date: 2018-09-18
Publication date: 2020-03-24

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating coptis under a forest, which comprises the steps of selecting a forest land, arranging a sunshelter, preparing soil and making furrows, growing seedlings, transplanting, managing the field, preventing and treating diseases and pests, and harvesting and processing, and is characterized in that (1) the forest land is selected, green Chinese holly which has larger shading degree and does not leave leaves of natural forest tree species in the whole year is selected, (2) the sunshelter is arranged to completely cut off dead branches, small trees and couch grass of the forest land and leave shrubs and short trees, (3) the soil is prepared and made into furrows, and before the soil is prepared, residual branches, fallen leaves and stones on surface soil are raked out of the forest by using a rake, bamboo roots, small tree roots and couch grass roots in the forest are removed completely, (4) the seedlings are grown, (5) the field are transplanted, (6) the disease and pest control is performed, (7) the diseases and pests of the coptis mainly have southern blight, powdery mildew and root rot, and the diseases and the pests are prevented and treated according to a conventional method; (8) the method for cultivating the coptis chinensis saves labor, materials and investment, and has low labor intensity and high economic benefit compared with a shed building cultivation method.

Description

Method for cultivating coptis under forest

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for cultivating medicinal plants, in particular to a method for cultivating coptis under forest.

Background

The Chinese goldthread is one of rare Chinese medicinal materials. The rhizome is cold in nature and bitter in taste, has the functions of clearing heat, drying dampness, purging fire and detoxifying, and recently researches prove that the coptis has the functions of inhibiting bacteria, enhancing phagocytosis of white blood cells, reducing blood pressure, promoting urination, tranquilizing and easing pain. The wild coptis chinensis grows in valley cool and wet shading dense forests with the elevation of 1000-1800 meters, and due to the reason that people excessively harvest for a long time, the wild coptis chinensis is difficult to see at present, people adopt a manual shed building method to cultivate the coptis chinensis in order to meet market demands, but the method consumes much labor and materials, has large investment, and has high labor intensity of planting personnel and low economic benefit.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for cultivating coptis under forest with labor saving, material saving, small investment, small labor intensity and high economic benefit, and the invention aims to be realized by the following technical scheme, and the method for cultivating coptis under forest comprises the steps of selecting forest land, arranging shade sheds, preparing soil and making furrows, raising seedlings, transplanting, managing fields, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and harvesting and processing, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

1. selecting a forest land, selecting a dwarf arbor forest land which has larger shading degree and does not lose leaves of natural forest varieties in the whole year and is about 3.3 meters high, and taking artificial fir forest land as a planting land by taking soil which has continuous crowns, is about 3.3 meters high, has a gradient of 20-25 degrees, is deep in humus, rich in organic matters and loose at the top and solid at the bottom;

2. the method comprises the following steps that (1) in the arrangement of the pergola, dead branches, small trees and couch grass of a forest land are completely cut off for a natural forest, shrubs and short and small trees are left, small branches less than 2 meters away from the ground are trimmed, the shading degree is kept between 70% and 80%, and for an artificially cultivated fir forest, young forest lands are selected, and branch connection is basically achieved;

3. preparing soil and making furrows, before preparing the soil, raking residual branches, fallen leaves and stones on the surface soil out of the forest by using a wooden rake, removing bamboo roots, small tree roots and couch grass roots in the forest, shallowly digging for 1 time for artificially cultured fir forest, removing grass roots and stones, ridging the soil lacking around the trees, ditching and making furrows, opening straight ditches from top to bottom, lifting the soil at the bottoms of the ditches on the furrows at two sides, and raking the soil;

4. seedling culturing, namely uniformly stirring the stored coptis seeds and fine rotten soil in the middle and late ten days of 11 months, scattering the mixture on the surface of a furrow, covering a layer of 0.5cm rotten cow dung after sowing, and transplanting when seedlings grow to two leaves in the spring of the next year, wherein the distance between the seedlings is 4-5cm, and the seedlings can be transplanted when the coptis seedlings grow to 12 leaves;

5. transplanting, namely selecting more than 12 leaves of two-year-old coptis seedlings from the seedlings planted under the forest, transplanting the seedlings within the transplanting time, wherein the transplanting can be started in evergreen trees and coniferous forest lands with the Qingming festival;

6. field management, (1) weeding and topdressing: the furrow surface is kept free of weeds, the early removal and the small removal are achieved, the nitrogen fertilizer application is mainly carried out in the first year and the second year after the cultivation, and the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer application are mainly carried out in the later period: (2) earthing up and mud feeding: after the coptis chinensis seedlings survive, uniformly spreading a layer of cake manure 25 kg and smoked soil on the surface of the furrow every 667 square meters (1 mu), spreading fine soil on the surface of the furrow after autumn in combination with cow dung application, and respectively spreading soil and hilling a layer of soil in summer and autumn every year according to the situation; (3) picking dry branches and fallen leaves: the withered leaves are carefully raked to the middle of the plant-row spacing of the coptis chinensis in autumn and spring every year, and a little soil is scattered on the leaves; (4) cutting branches and thinning: after the coptis chinensis is planted, the light transmission is only 20% -25% in the first year, the light transmission is 35% -40% in the second and third years, the light transmission is increased to about 60% in the fourth year, the greenhouse is fully lighted in the fifth year to promote the accumulation of dry matters underground, and pruning and thinning are generally carried out in winter;

7. controlling diseases and pests, wherein the diseases and pests of the coptis chinensis mainly comprise southern blight, powdery mildew and root rot, and the pests mainly comprise cutworms, and the diseases and pests are controlled by a conventional method;

8. harvesting and processing, wherein the coptis chinensis is harvested 4-5 years after field planting, the harvesting time is 11 months, the coptis chinensis is dug out on sunny days, silt is removed, leaves and petioles are cut off, and the coptis chinensis is dried.

Compared with the method of building a shed, the method for cultivating the coptis chinensis saves labor, materials and investment, and has low labor intensity and high economic benefit.

Detailed Description

Embodiment 1, an understory cultivation method for coptis chinensis includes selecting forest land, arranging shade sheds, preparing soil and making furrows, raising seedlings, transplanting, managing fields, preventing and treating diseases and pests, harvesting and processing, and is carried out according to the following methods:

2. the method comprises the following steps that (1) in the arrangement of the sunshelter, dead branches, small trees and couch grass of a forest land are completely cut off for a natural forest, shrubs and short and small trees are left, small branches less than 2 meters away from the ground are trimmed, the shading degree is kept between 70% and 80%, for an artificially cultivated fir forest, young forest lands are selected, the branches are basically connected, and if skylight appears in some places, the shading effect can be achieved only by inserting the branches around coptis chinensis;

3. preparing soil and making furrows, before preparing the soil, raking residual branches, fallen leaves and stones on the surface soil out of the forest by using a wooden rake, removing bamboo roots, small tree roots and couch grass roots in the forest, shallowly digging for 1 time for artificially cultured fir forest, removing weed roots and stones, ridging the trees with soil lacking, and not exposing the roots outside, ditching and making furrows, opening straight ditches from top to bottom, wherein the width of each ditch is 23 cm, the depth of each ditch is 10 cm, and soil at the bottom of each ditch is lifted and placed on the furrows at two sides and raked flat;

Claims

1. A method for cultivating coptis under forest includes such steps as choosing forest land, trimming shed, preparing soil, making furrows, growing seedlings, transplanting, managing field, preventing and treating diseases and pests, harvesting and processing

(1) Selecting a forest land, selecting a dwarf arbor forest land which has larger shading degree and does not lose leaves of natural forest varieties in the whole year and is about 3.3 meters high, and taking artificial fir forest land as a planting land by taking soil which has continuous crowns, is about 3.3 meters high, has a gradient of 20-25 degrees, is deep in humus, rich in organic matters and loose at the top and solid at the bottom;

(2) the method comprises the following steps that (1) in the arrangement of the pergola, dead branches, small trees and couch grass of a forest land are completely cut off for a natural forest, shrubs and short and small trees are left, small branches less than 2 meters away from the ground are trimmed, the shading degree is kept between 70% and 80%, and for an artificially cultivated fir forest, young forest lands are selected, and branch connection is basically achieved;

(3) preparing soil and making furrows, before preparing the soil, raking residual branches, fallen leaves and stones on the surface soil out of the forest by using a wooden rake, removing bamboo roots, small tree roots and couch grass roots in the forest, shallowly digging for 1 time for artificially cultured fir forest, removing grass roots and stones, ridging the soil lacking around the trees, ditching and making furrows, opening straight ditches from top to bottom, lifting the soil at the bottoms of the ditches on the furrows at two sides, and raking the soil;

(4) seedling culturing, namely uniformly stirring the stored coptis seeds and fine rotten soil in the middle and late ten days of 11 months, scattering the mixture on the surface of a furrow, covering a layer of 0.5cm rotten cow dung after sowing, seedling growing in the spring of the next year until two leaves grow, and transplanting the seedlings when the distance between the seedlings is 4-5cm and the coptis seedlings grow to 12 leaves;

(5) transplanting, namely selecting more than 12 leaves of two-year-old coptis seedlings from the seedlings planted under the forest, transplanting the seedlings within the transplanting time, wherein the transplanting can be started in evergreen trees and coniferous forest lands with the Qingming festival;

(6) ① topdressing with weed-drawing top dressing, namely keeping the surface of a furrow free of weeds to remove early and small weeds, mainly applying nitrogen fertilizer in the first year and the second year after planting, mainly applying phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in the later period, ② soil-dressing, namely after coptis chinensis seedlings survive, thinly spreading a layer of cake fertilizer 25 kg mixed with smoked soil on the surface of the furrow every 667 square meters (1 mu), spreading a layer of soil-dressing on the surface of the furrow in summer and autumn in combination with cow dung and spreading a few fine soils on the surface of the furrow, and then spreading a layer of soil-dressing soil in summer and autumn every year according to the conditions, ③ picking up withered branches and dropping leaves, namely spreading the withered leaves in autumn and spring to the middle of the row spacing of the coptis chinensis by hands carefully digging the leaves in autumn and spring every year, spreading a little soil on the branches and cutting interval ④, wherein the light transmission is only 20-25% in the first year after planting the coptis chinensis, the light transmission is 35-40% in the second year and the third year, the light transmission is increased to about 60% in the fourth year, the dry matter is fully bright shed in the fifth year, and;

(7) controlling diseases and pests, wherein the diseases and pests of the coptis chinensis mainly comprise southern blight, powdery mildew and root rot, and the pests mainly comprise cutworms, and the diseases and pests are controlled by a conventional method;

(8) harvesting and processing, wherein the coptis chinensis is harvested 4-5 years after field planting, the harvesting time is 11 months, the coptis chinensis is dug out on sunny days, silt is removed, leaves and petioles are cut off, and the coptis chinensis is dried.