CN108243864A - A kind of fructus citri wilsonii planting technique - Google Patents
A kind of fructus citri wilsonii planting technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN108243864A CN108243864A CN201810108297.1A CN201810108297A CN108243864A CN 108243864 A CN108243864 A CN 108243864A CN 201810108297 A CN201810108297 A CN 201810108297A CN 108243864 A CN108243864 A CN 108243864A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fructus citri wilsonii planting techniques, by select soil, culturing and transplanting seedlings, water and fertilizer management, management, transplant planting, trimming branch, defloration and harvest and etc. completion, compared with prior art, the citrus medic L. planted by the method for the present invention is good with fruit quality, the characteristics of yield is high, medical value can be improved by improving the quality of citrus medic L., be had the value of popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of medicinal material planting technology more particularly to a kind of fructus citri wilsonii planting techniques.
Background technology
Fructus citri wilsonii also known as river Fructus Aurantii, river Fructus Aurantii are the almost ripe fruit of Rutaceae (Rulaceae) plant citrus medic L..Citrus medic L.
Fructus Aurantii surface brown or sepia usually have a circle money ring around style residue.7~13 millimeters of cross section pericarp thickness, in
Pericarp is in canescence or white；10~12 valve of pulp；Newel is 4~7 millimeters wide.Gas is fragrant, and juice born of the same parents are sour then bitter.Fructus citri wilsonii
Main component is volatile oil, flavonoids and organic bases etc., is chiefly used in clinic, and the traditional Chinese medical science is vomitted, only for alleviating stomach abdominal distention and pain
The diseases such as cough.Citrus medic L. likes the weather of warm and moist, and the fructus citri wilsonii in China is mainly distributed on the Changjiang river areas to the south, wherein main product
Area is distributed in Southern Shaanxi, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Anhui, zhejiang and other places area.Citrus medic L. is because its is medicinal, make medicine materical crude slice, extracts essence and sight
The values such as reward, are increasingly liked by broad masses.Citrus medic L. planting technology of the prior art is less, and effect is poor, in order to
Plantation quality of finished is improved, there are rooms for improvement.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is that solve the above-mentioned problems and provides a kind of fructus citri wilsonii planting technique.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose：
The present invention includes the following steps：
(1) soil is selected：Select soil layer not less than 1 meter, soil acidity or alkalinity pH value between 5.5-7；
(2) culturing and transplanting seedlings：It is the soil of sandy loam as nursery to select soil property, and fine day is deep ploughed and leveled land,
Furrow are done according to wide 0.6m；And combine and turn over, mu applies 800-1000kg of well-rotted farmyard manure before sowing；Select the prime of life of no disease and pests harm
The ripening fruits tied on tree adopts seed, storage of drying in the shade, and late Febuary to early March presses 10 centimetres of drillings of line-spacing, about 1-2 lis of earthing
Rice, patting upper soll layer makes seed be tightly engaged into soil, and appropriate mulching straw stalk simultaneously waters, and after emergence, carries out artificial weeding；
After growth of seedling 2 years, the strong sprout of no disease and pests harm is selected, 20 centimetres of transplant plantings of seeding row spacing are pressed in summer；
(3) water and fertilizer management：Drought weather then carries out ridge furrow irrigation, water using upper soll layer moistening as standard, in addition to
Other than winter, in other seasons, a foliar fertilizer will be imposed every other month, foliar fertilizer can select water-soluble chemical fertilizer, with
Every 0.3 gram is watered 3.5 kilograms and is advisable, and spraying time is preferably selected 3 points to 5 points in 8 points to 10 points of the morning or afternoon, with
Blade face is sprayed to one time completely for standard；
(4) just for the seedling of transplant survival every the Bordeaux's thin liquid of 600 times of sprinkling in 7 days, continuous spray is anti-three times；
(5) overwinter management：After the Frost's Descent lowest temperature down to -5 spend when need to put up sunshade net, and in the surrounding of sunshade net
It is covered with straw；
(6) citrus medic L. seedling needs to carry out transplant planting after the growth of 4-5, and the time of transplanting is usually chosen in 2 months
The middle ten days is to late March；
(7) transplant planting：During transplanting, selection is healthy and strong, plant of the same size, is directly dug out seedling with spade, digs
Miao Shi makes iron Chinese catalpa from seedling root far point, to avoid root is hurt, with reference to plant size, according to 3-4 meters of line-spacing, spacing in the rows as possible
2-3 meters carry out fixed point and open cave, cave depth 50-70cm, wide 80cm；It digs after good hole, seedling is put in and is filled up hole with soil, then
A root water is also poured, water is unsuitable excessive preferably irrigating, it should be noted that seedling is had to righting and planted directly；Plant
Before, it often spreads manuer in holes into 50 kilograms decomposed of barnyard manure as base manure, to the seedling that field planting does not survive, to re-start benefit and plant mid-April
Field planting；
(8) branch is trimmed：Determine major branch：The major branch tree of each tree is advisable with 3-4, and by than more uniform angle to 3
A direction is stretched out, and the angle between major branch is advisable with 45 degree of -60 degree；Each major branch stays 2-3 secondary major branch respectively outward, complete to set about 7-
8 distributions needed to pay attention between secondary major branch in orientation, preferably inside and outside staggeredly leave and take；
(9) fertilizer and water management：It during summer hot and dry weather, to be poured every 2-3 days once, to ensure that the normal physiological of nursery stock is given birth to
It is long, to mid or late May, once-combined fertilizer is applied using the method spreaded manuer in holes, it is 2-3 lis to dig a depth in plant surrounding before fertilising
The ditch of rice, then, fertilizer is spread in ditch, quantity, for standard, is covered composite fertilizer with soil after having spread with 0.25 kilogram every plant
；
(10) defloration：When citrus medic L. nursery stock First Year is bloomed, bud is removed in time, them is made to gather nutrient, enhancing tree
Gesture beats next good tree body basis to breed fruit in the future.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The present invention is a kind of fructus citri wilsonii planting technique, compared with prior art, the perfume (or spice) planted by the method for the present invention
Circle has the characteristics of fruit quality is good, and yield is high, and medical value can be improved by improving the quality of citrus medic L., has the valency promoted and applied
Value.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below：
Edaphic condition：Citrus medic L. is wider to the accommodation of soil, and the requirement to soil depth is medium, and soil layer is not less than 1
Rice can plant, and soil acidity or alkalinity is advisable with pH value between 5.5-7, it is desirable that soil aeration is good.Citrus Root mainly divides
Cloth is in the soil layer of 0.9 meter of underground, and most aerobic activity Root Distributions are in the soil layer on 30 centimetres of surface layer.
Weather conditions：
Temperature：Citrus medic L. likes warm and moist environment, and the optimum temperature that they grow is between 23 DEG C -29 DEG C, when under temperature
Drop to less than 10 DEG C or during more than 40 DEG C, plant can stop growing, while citrus medic L. is also relatively cold-resistant, and winter temperature is not less than subzero 25
It degree Celsius can safe overwintering.
Rainfall and air humidity：Citrus medic L. is evergreen species, no rest period, their growth will rely on sufficient moisture,
Annual rainfall generally is required between 1000-1500 millimeters, and field capacity will reach 70% or so, excessive rainfall or arid
All it is unfavorable for the normal growth of citrus medic L..
Illumination：Citrus medic L. belongs to the seeds of short-day type, likes diffused light, more resistance to shade, and illumination is too strong or too weak is unfavorable for giving birth to
Length is solid, and it is -1500 hours 1200 hours to require within 1 year sunshine time.
Slope aspect and height above sea level：Citrus medic L. accommodation is relatively wide with respect to accommodation for Rutaceae other kinds, sea
Pulling out can plant no more than 800 meters, but the area for having freeze injury in winter should select Nan Po or southeast slope to plant.
Seedling-wood breeding：
Culturing and transplanting seedlings：It is the soil of sandy loam as nursery to select soil property, and fine day is deep ploughed and leveled land, according to
Wide 0.6m does furrow.And combine and turn over, mu applies 800-1000kg of well-rotted farmyard manure before sowing.It selects on the prime of life tree of no disease and pests harm
The ripening fruits of knot adopts seed, storage of drying in the shade, late Febuary to early March press 10 centimetres of drillings of line-spacing, about 1-2 centimetres of earthing, gently
Clapping upper soll layer makes seed be tightly engaged into soil, and appropriate mulching straw stalk simultaneously waters, and after emergence, carries out artificial weeding.Treat children
After seedling is grown 2 years, the strong sprout of no disease and pests harm is selected, 20 centimetres of transplant plantings of seeding row spacing are pressed in summer.
Water and fertilizer management：In this period, the water requirement of seedling is little, if meeting with drought weather in summer and autumn, carries out
Ridge furrow irrigation, water is using upper soll layer moistening as standard, winter and spring, without being irrigated.Other than winter, in other seasons
Section, we will impose a foliar fertilizer every other month, and foliar fertilizer can select water-soluble chemical fertilizer, and 3.5 are watered with every 0.3 gram
Kilogram it is advisable, spraying time is preferably selected 3 points to 5 points in 8 points to 10 points of the morning or afternoon, and blade face is sprayed completely
One time is standard.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：The pest and disease damage of all citrus medic L. nursery stocks all aims at prevention, and the seedling of firm transplant survival is every 7
Its Bordeaux's thin liquid of 600 times of sprinkling, continuous spray is anti-three times, and good prevention effect can be played to pest and disease damage.
Overwinter management：General citrus medic L. nursery stock naturally safe can pass the winter.But some areas winter temperature is relatively low, frost
Influence to citrus medic L. nursery stock is larger, to ensure nursery stock safe overwintering, after the Frost's Descent lowest temperature down to -5 spend when need put up
Sunshade net, and being covered in the surrounding of sunshade net with straw, can safety the severe cold for spending winter.To the spring in the coming year,
Timely sunshade net of dismantling.
The selection of citrus medic L. plantation and site preparation：In the sand that the selection draining of citrus medic L. normal region is good, the soil is porous, soil layer is deep
The hillside fields or level land of matter loam or alluvial soil are as citrus medic L. milpa, the area selection Nan Po's or southeast slope for having freeze injury generation
It is planted in hillside fields.Leveling earth in advance, and remove weeds in field.
Transplant planting：
Transplanting time：Citrus medic L. seedling needs to carry out transplant planting after the growth of 4-5, and the time of transplanting generally selects
In mid-February to late March, this period, spring bud is not yet sprouted, and is the preferably opportunity of transplant planting.
Transplant planting：During transplanting, selection is healthy and strong, plant of the same size, is directly dug out seedling with spade, digs seedling
When, making iron Chinese catalpa as possible, to avoid root is hurt, seedling can be carried out field planting after digging from seedling root far point.
With reference to plant size, carry out fixed point according to 3-4 meters of line-spacing, 2-3 meters of spacing in the rows and open cave, depth 50-70 centimeters of cave, wide 80 is public
Point.It digs after good hole, seedling is put in and is filled up hole with soil, then also to pour a root water, water is preferably irrigating, no
It is preferably excessive, it should be noted that seedling is had to righting and planted directly.Before plant, often spread manuer in holes into 50 kilograms decomposed of barnyard manure as base manure.
It to the seedling that field planting does not survive, to re-start benefit and plant field planting mid-April.
The management of citrus medic L. trees：
Trim branch：The second year time in the early spring after field planting carries out a spring pruning, makes suitable control, it is therefore an objective to be
Culture skeleton branch controls tree-like, tree crown, they are trimmed to natural open centre shape, i.e., our proverbs are said " umbrella shape ", this
Sample is easier high and stable yield after being conducive to, and the fruit quality grown might as well.First have to do is exactly to determine major branch, often
The major branch tree of tree is advisable, and press and stretched out than more uniform angle to 3 directions with 3-4, the angle between major branch with 45 degree-
60 degree are advisable；Each major branch stays 2-3 secondary major branch respectively outward, complete to set about 7-8 it should be noted that between secondary major branch in orientation
Distribution is preferably inside and outside staggeredly left and taken.
Fertilizer and water management：Citrus medic L. trees water requirement is less, also more drought-enduring, does not need to be irrigated under normal circumstances, but
During summer hot and dry weather, to be poured every 2-3 days once, to ensure the normal physiological growth of nursery stock.To mid or late May, use
The method spreaded manuer in holes applies once-combined fertilizer, digs the ditch that a depth is 2-3 centimetres in plant surrounding before fertilising, then, fertilizer is spread
To in ditch, quantity, for standard, is covered composite fertilizer with soil after having spread with 0.25 kilogram every plant.
Weeding：To June, citrus medic L. needs to gather nutrient, promotes the sprouting of branch, the appearance of weeds can be grabbed in soil
Nutrient interferes their growth, therefore, in time to uproot weeds, and a good growing environment is provided for them.
Defloration：When citrus medic L. nursery stock First Year is bloomed, bud is removed in time, them is made to gather nutrient, enhanced tree vigo(u)r, be
Fruit is bred in the future beats next good tree body basis.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
Anthracnose：Anthracnose is the illness that most plants are all easier infection, and citrus medic L. is no exception, and anthracnose occurs
When, blade will appear filemot spot, serious to also result in leaf abscission, when finding symptom, with 800 times of Bordeaux
Thin liquid carries out sprinkling treatment, and blade to be sprayed one time for standard by water completely, in general, spraying once every 3 days, continuous 3 times
It can fully recover.
Resin disease：Resin is critically ill harmful branches and leaves, fruit, is strengthened the management of citrus medic L. plantation, is dredged gutter, increase top dressing, increases
Strong tree body disease resistance itself；Winter uses white-out agent brush tree, eliminates pathogen hibernacle；Dig up diseased plant in time or amputate withered
Dead disease branch is burnt；Affected part is administered in summer, autumn, strikes off germ until trunk xylem, is then coated with 1: 1: 100 Bordeaux mixture and prevents
It controls.
Sooty mould：Sooty mould endangers leaf, branch and fruit.Crineous mildew, shape after expansion occur on early stage, leaf and branch
Into the mould layer of black, photosynthesis is influenced；Fallen leaves, deadwood are caused when serious.It is easy to get when coccid, aleyrodid, aphid largely occur
This disease.Control method:(1) strengthen pest control, remove morbidity part in time and burn；(2) appropriate trimming, improves thorax in tree crown
Ventilation and penetrating light condition；(3) pay attention to draining, make tree vigo(u)r growth vigorous, enhance premunition.
Aphid and leaf miner：When finding aphid, 3000 thin liquids of imidacloprid wettable powder is selected to be sprayed, every
Sprinkling in 3 days is primary, and continuous 3-4 times i.e. divisible.
When leaf miner occurs, 2.5% 600 times of thin liquids of decis is selected to be sprayed, by the tow sides of blade
All sprinkling one time completely is standard, under normal circumstances, primary every sprinkling in three days, could be eliminated them for continuous 5-6 times.
Harvesting：Citrus medic L. seedling plants 8~10a and just enters the period of growth of the crop, and early and middle ten days in July is suitable for be picked in due course, then quality is good,
Drying rate and yield are also higher.After fine day dew is done, picked by hand or with band guard shank will be placed under fruit large bamboo or wicker basket or
Processing is taken back in woven bag.Collect the fruit that nature comes off daily before Fructus Aurantii acquires, big is split crosscutting, and small holding is complete
Whole, it is the dried immature fruit of citron orange to dry or dry.
Basic principle of the invention and main feature and advantages of the present invention has been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of fructus citri wilsonii planting technique, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) soil is selected：Select soil layer not less than 1 meter, soil acidity or alkalinity pH value between 5.5-7；
(2) culturing and transplanting seedlings：It is the soil of sandy loam as nursery to select soil property, and fine day is deep ploughed and leveled land, according to
Wide 0.6m does furrow；And combine and turn over, mu applies 800-1000kg of well-rotted farmyard manure before sowing；It selects on the prime of life tree of no disease and pests harm
The ripening fruits of knot adopts seed, storage of drying in the shade, late Febuary to early March press 10 centimetres of drillings of line-spacing, about 1-2 centimetres of earthing, gently
Clapping upper soll layer makes seed be tightly engaged into soil, and appropriate mulching straw stalk simultaneously waters, and after emergence, carries out artificial weeding；Treat children
After seedling is grown 2 years, the strong sprout of no disease and pests harm is selected, 20 centimetres of transplant plantings of seeding row spacing are pressed in summer；
(3) water and fertilizer management：Drought weather then carries out ridge furrow irrigation, and water is using upper soll layer moistening as standard, in addition to winter
In addition, in other seasons, a foliar fertilizer will be imposed every other month, foliar fertilizer can select water-soluble chemical fertilizer, with every 0.3
Gram being watered 3.5 kilograms is advisable, and spraying time is preferably selected 3 points to 5 points in 8 points to 10 points of the morning or afternoon, by leaf
It is standard that face sprays one time completely；
(4) just for the seedling of transplant survival every the Bordeaux's thin liquid of 600 times of sprinkling in 7 days, continuous spray is anti-three times；
(5) overwinter management：After the Frost's Descent lowest temperature down to -5 spend when need to put up sunshade net, and rice is used in the surrounding of sunshade net
Grass is covered；
(6) citrus medic L. seedling needs to carry out transplant planting after the growth of 4-5, and the time of transplanting is usually chosen in mid-February
To late March；
(7) transplant planting：During transplanting, selection is healthy and strong, plant of the same size, is directly dug out seedling with spade, when digging seedling,
Make iron Chinese catalpa as possible from seedling root far point, to avoid root is hurt, with reference to plant size, according to 3-4 meters of line-spacing, 2-3 meters of spacing in the rows
It carries out fixed point and opens cave, cave depth 50-70cm, wide 80cm；It digs after good hole, seedling is put in and is filled up hole with soil, then also
A root water is poured, water is unsuitable excessive preferably irrigating, it should be noted that seedling is had to righting and planted directly；Before plant, often
It spreads manuer in holes into 50 kilograms decomposed of barnyard manure as base manure, to the seedling that field planting does not survive, to re-start benefit and plant field planting mid-April；
(8) branch is trimmed：Determine major branch：The major branch tree of each tree is advisable with 3-4, and by than more uniform angle to 3 sides
To stretching, the angle between major branch is advisable with 45 degree of -60 degree；Each major branch stays 2-3 secondary major branch respectively outward, complete to set about 7-8
It should be noted that the distribution between secondary major branch in orientation, preferably inside and outside staggeredly leaves and takes；
(9) fertilizer and water management：During summer hot and dry weather, to pour once every 2-3 days, to ensure the normal physiological growth of nursery stock, arrive
Mid or late May applies once-combined fertilizer using the method spreaded manuer in holes, and it is 2-3 centimetres to dig a depth in plant surrounding before fertilising
Then ditch, fertilizer is spread in ditch, quantity, for standard, is covered composite fertilizer with soil after having spread with 0.25 kilogram every plant；
(10) defloration：When citrus medic L. nursery stock First Year is bloomed, bud is removed in time, them is made to gather nutrient, enhanced tree vigo(u)r, be
Fruit is bred in the future beats next good tree body basis.
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| CN201810108297.1A CN108243864A (en) | 2018-02-02 | 2018-02-02 | A kind of fructus citri wilsonii planting technique |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108812030A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-11-16 | 重庆驰实农业开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of citrus containing selenium |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106605558A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2017-05-03 | 重庆庆达药业有限公司 | Fructus aurantii seedling production method |
-
2018
- 2018-02-02 CN CN201810108297.1A patent/CN108243864A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106605558A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2017-05-03 | 重庆庆达药业有限公司 | Fructus aurantii seedling production method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 朱培林等: ""地道药材江枳壳规范化种植技术"", 《林业科技开发》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108812030A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-11-16 | 重庆驰实农业开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of citrus containing selenium |
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Application publication date: 20180706 |