CN109496751A - A kind of ecology planting method that the coptis gently simplifies - Google Patents
A kind of ecology planting method that the coptis gently simplifies Download PDFInfo
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- CN109496751A CN109496751A CN201910042728.3A CN201910042728A CN109496751A CN 109496751 A CN109496751 A CN 109496751A CN 201910042728 A CN201910042728 A CN 201910042728A CN 109496751 A CN109496751 A CN 109496751A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ecology planting methods that the coptis gently simplifies, and the use of sunshade net, concrete stake and iron wire are material scaffolding shade, and this scaffolding mode reduces workload and working strength compared with coptis tradition lumbers scaffolding shade, reduces labor intensity；The present invention, which also passes through applying organic manure, reduces fertilizer application frequency, the application of organic fertilizer can replace the effect of tradition ridging, new implantation methods will no longer be required to earth up, and soil texture is improved significantly, shorten the crop rotation time limit, while reducing Heavy Metals in Soils, improves quality of medicinal material, compared to traditional planting technology, new technology will improve 10% or more coptis yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular to a kind of coptis gently simplifies ecology planting method.
Background technique
Tujia Autonomous County of Shizhu, Chongqing City be go through the contained Ranunculaceae coptis plant coptis of version " Chinese Pharmacopoeia " (Coptis chinensisFranch. the original place of production) has advantageous geographical natural condition, and element is long with cultivation history, plants
Scale is big, yield first is national, best in quality and enjoy great prestige domestic and international.A Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households coptis in the whole county more than 30,000, is maintained at glutinous rehmannia throughout the year
It is even more than 50,000 mu, average annual newly to plant and harvest 10000 mu of the coptis, 1800 tons of yield or so, account for about the 40% of 60% and the world in the whole nation.
The Product Marketing whole nation (including Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan area), exports South Korea, Japan, Southeast Asian countries.Stone column belongs to mountain farming county, state
County is flooded in Jia Ji poor county, ethnic minority autonomous county and reservoir area of Three Gorges, and using the coptis as the big county of the Producing medicinal herbs of representative.It is yellow
Pillar industry in the county Lian Shi, be material base and whole county national economy that tens of thousands of peasant households depend on for existence and fiscal revenues not
The important component that can or lack.
The coptis harvests the time at least needing 5 years half as a kind of perennial herb medicinal material, from sowing, being transplanted to.Stone column
It is all by " coptis GAP standardized planting technical operation in stone column coptis producing region after county passes through coptis GAP authentication of base in 2004
Regulation " carries out coptis production.By operating instruction and traditional cultivation mode, coptis seed needs weeding 5 times before being seeded into transplanting,
It is at least weeding 4 times~5 times annual in 1 year~2 years after transplanting, it must not be less than 3 times within the 3rd year to the 4th year.Coptis seed is from being seeded into
It applies fertilizer to the subsoil before transplanting 1 time, spraying fertilizer 3 times；Transplanting basal dressing 1 time；Transplant the 1st year spraying fertilizer 4 times, the 2nd year 3 times, the 3rd Nian Zhi
4 years 2 times.The coptis of transplanting 1 year~4 years, should earth up (after applying more winter top dressing) primary, each 3cm or so before entering the winter every year.Cause
This, the coptis from sow, be transplanted to harvest need in total weeding 20 times, apply fertilizer 16 times, earth up 4 times.The coptis is raw as a kind of yin
Medicinal material also needs shade of puing up a shed in planting process.At present stone column producing region tradition scaffolding mode be all by fall trees into
Row scaffolding shade (including chop at a tree, cut stake, cut lid material, put up canopy), entire process workload of puing up a shed are very big.In order to save scaffolding material
Material and in view of frame bear wind and snow ability producing region coptis canopy height it is generally all lower, generally 1.4 meters~1.5 meters it
Between, therefore, medicinal herb grower requires curved waist and operates in the entire planting process such as coptis site preparation, transplanting, fertilising, weeding, this
Labor intensive has been aggravated significantly.In addition it in the entire growth course of the coptis, also needs to safeguard coptis canopy every year, prevents from collapsing
It collapses.In conclusion the entire cultivation time length of the coptis, heavy workload.Coptis producing region it is popular a kind of saying " coptis is bitter, kind
The coptis is more bitter ".Especially under the overall background of population urbanization transfer, the labour for being engaged in Coptis planting is constantly reduced.
Therefore, urgent need is big to this labor intensive of the coptis, program is cumbersome, the traditional cultivation mode of destruction ecological environment changes
Into." a kind of ecology planting method that the coptis gently simplifies " is the product for complying with stone column coptis industrialization sustainable development.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of coptiss gently to simplify ecology planting method, this method reduces labor
Power investment, increases income.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of coptis gently simplifies ecology planting method, including scaffolding shade, site preparation make compartment, plant transplantation of seedlings, block canopy side, fill the gaps with seedlings, removing
Grass loosens the soil, top dressing, sunshade square is taken to connect, mends the bright canopy of canopy and defloration tongue fur；
The scaffolding is the concrete column for selecting long 250cm, the high 7cm × 7cm of width, is 6 ~ 7 meters by the pilespacing between compartment and compartment, along compartment
The distance between face stake and stake are 3 ~ 4 meters of pile anchorings, and along bracing wire between compartment face and compartment and compartment, both ends are by hanging over cement
On iron wire in stake, after having drawn iron wire, putting up for sunshade net is carried out along compartment face direction, along compartment face between sunshade net and sunshade net
Direction is connected in a manner of beating slip-knot with nylon rope every 30cm；
The top dressing specifically: First Year applies urea 7.5Kg per acre, existed with thin branch after broadcast application 15 days or so after cultivation
It is gently swept on the face of compartment once, fertiliser granulates is swept and are fallen in soil, in case fertilizer burns leaf；Ten to November is by 1000Kg will be decomposed per acre
Cow and bullock manure is uniformly spread on compartment face and is used as " more winter top dressing "；The second year March by applying urea 10Kg per acre；Ten to November is by every
Decomposed cow and bullock manure is uniformly spread on compartment face as " more winter top dressing " by mu 1000Kg；Third Nian Shizhi November is by 1000Kg per acre
Decomposed cow and bullock manure is uniformly spread on compartment face as " more winter top dressing "；4th year the same as third year；If the 5th year does not harvest, topdressing method
With the 4th year；If the current year of harvesting, then no longer need to apply fertilizer.
Preferably, the site preparation includes the following steps: as compartment
1) it harrows first time slag: with the wooden wooden fork or mountain rake, the residue in surface soil being raked off outside canopy or outside woods, stone, burning in heaps are removed
Smoked soil digs first of soil: using catch up with digging method that ground surface soil in canopy is dug 20cm or so depth from bottom to up；Near canopy pile foundation foot
It is sure not to deep-cut；
2) it harrows the second ballast aggregate: tree root, bamboo root, the grass roots, stone dug out when digging first of soil, being raked off outside canopy with mountain, and will
Large clod is smashed；Shallow cut from top to bottom, it is thin to dig second soil, soil block is smashed leveling；
3) trench digging do compartment: first do positive compartment, after do side compartment；Straight flute, wide 15cm are opened from top to down, and deep 10cm mentions ditch subsoil to two
Traverse furrow just, after side compartment straight flute ends, is being opened further according to landform, traverse furrow depth 10cm, wide 30cm avoid compartment ditch from being opened in stake row in side compartment face
On；It is harrowed after traverse furrow ends, then the soil on compartment side toward centre, makes compartment face at a watt antiform；
4) it excavates gutter: opening a gutter in the upper end of canopy, connect the two sides valley in compartment, 30~45cm of furrow width, deep 25~
30cm, rainwater can be flow under slope from column gully, and the purpose in the gully Kai Lan is that mountain torrents caused by avoiding heavy rain wash out the coptis in canopy
Seedling.
Preferably, described kind of transplantation of seedlings specifically: transplanting is selected in 5~June, first lifting: fine day carries out choosing healthy and strong, cyclopentadienyl
The seedlings of Sheng are softly pulled up by strain, shrug off soil, and one plant of strain fitly takes, and rhizome alignment, every 100 plants or so are bundled into
Being contained with bamboo basket；Fibrous root is trimmed again: before coptis kind transplantation of seedlings, fibrous root being cut short with scissors, stays 1.4 ~ 1.6cm long；When cutting
It avoids cutting and hurts rhizome；Before plant, the bundled seedling for having trimmed fibrous root is opened, washed once in clear water, it will be appended on seedling
Dust silt washes away completely, then transplants again；Then the seeding row spacing for using 10cm × 10cm, uses hand with 6~70,000 young plants per acre
Refer to plantation seedling, specifically holds the handle leaf of seedling with left hand, 1 plant of right hand seedling taking, and push down seedling rhizome into soil with right hand index finger and insert
After lower half revolution, takes out finger and stay in even seedling in hole, then seedling righting, the hole earthing that finger leaves is filled out into lid
At once, transplanting depth was just stopped up at rhizome with native table as degree.
Preferably, the canopy side of blocking is to cover sunshade net in canopy week after the coptis plants seedling.
Preferably, described fill the gaps with seedlings is filled the gaps with seedlings in two times；It fills the gaps with seedlings for the first time: mending first time seedling in the autumn of transplanting current year；Second
Secondary to fill the gaps with seedlings: the next spring after transplanting mends second of seedling.
Preferably, the weeding is loosened the soil using artificial weeding, in first and second after transplanting year, annual weeding 4~5 times,
After third and fourth year, it is annual only need to be after spring, summer collect seed and autumn respectively pulls careless primary, the 5th Nian Yihou, it is not necessary to weeding,
While uprooting weed, in conjunction with loose surface soil is prized, with the regeneration of sharp young leaves.
Preferably, described that sunshade square is taken to connect specifically: before annual December snows, sunshade net from frame
It removes and covers on coptis plant.
Preferably, described that sunshade square is taken to connect specifically: to remove the iron hook hung on each concrete stake, iron wire and screening
Screened postive monolith is removed, and translation is covered on coptis plant vertically downward, then the iron hook at iron wire both ends is hung in winding iron wire
On corresponding concrete stake；In annual March, the sunshade net covered on plant and iron wire are removed and ridden on frame again.
Preferably, the bright canopy of canopy of mending is in 1~4 year after the coptis is planted, and after cold, sunshade one is studied for a second time courses one has flunked in inspection
It is secondary, the last year of harvesting, remove sunshade net.
Preferably, the defloration tongue fur is to extract flower tongue.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention is material scaffolding shade using sunshade net, concrete stake and iron wire, this
Kind scaffolding mode (is calculated according to one mu) below compared with coptis tradition lumbers scaffolding shade:
(1) shading of tradition scaffolding needs lumber scaffolding workload and great work intensity.Currently, being mainly two in stone column coptis producing region
Kind of scaffolding mode: 1. wooden frame: entire shade from frame to lid material is put up by the trees of felling.This shade
It is substantially and does not need to buy other scaffolding materials by gathering materials on the spot, it mainly includes cutting that scaffolding, which puts into all labour costs,
It sets, cuts stake, cut lid material, put up labour cost needed for canopy.Scaffolding needs 25 works, 150 yuan of each work, cost of puing up a shed: 150 in total
First * 25=3750 yuan/mu.2. pre-cast concrete stake frame: this shading frame soldier piles are concrete stake, and crossbearer is timber, and lid material is
Branch.Scaffolding needs to buy concrete stake 140 (long 200cm, thickness 7cm × 7cm), iron wire (No. 10 iron wire 35Kg, No. 12 iron wires
45Kg), need 15 are put up a shed manually.Scaffolding cost: 140 * 20 yuan of concrete stake/root+iron wire 80kg * 10 yuan/kg+artificial 150
First * 15=5850 yuan/mu).Scaffolding mode of the invention is simple, and the amount of labour used and working strength reduce significantly.Shading is taken by new method
Canopy needs to buy sunshade net 700m2, concrete stake 50 (long 250cm, thickness 7cm × 7cm), iron wire 10kg(14)；Scaffolding needs 8
A work, removes sunshade net for 4 years and lid sunshade net needs 4 works.Scaffolding cost: 500 yuan/mu of sunshade net+50 * 20 yuan of concrete stake/
Root+10 yuan/kg of iron wire 15kg *+artificial 150 yuan of * 12=2950 yuan/mu).In terms of cost input of puing up a shed, new sunshade net
Scaffolding will save 800 yuan compared with wooden frame, save 2100 yuan compared with pre-cast concrete stake frame.
(2) tradition scaffolding in order to save scaffolding material generally highly between 1.4 meters -1.5 meters, need to bend in canopy into
Row operation, work inconvenience, large labor intensity；New scaffolding method canopy is a height of between 1.7 meters -1.8 meters, and can stand erectly behaviour in canopy
Make, reduces labor intensity；
(3) new scaffolding method does not need felling woods scaffolding, protects ecological environment.
(4) new implantation methods reduce fertilizer application frequency, and fertilizer application frequency is reduced to 9 times by traditional 16 times, the amount of labour used
It by original 20 works (150 yuan of * 20=3000 yuan/mu), is reduced to 8 works (150 yuan of * 8=1200 yuan/mu), new method will save
Save fertilising 1800 yuan/mu of cost of labor.
(5) application of organic fertilizer can replace the effect of tradition ridging, and new implantation methods will no longer be required to earth up；
Ridging number is reduced to 0 time by traditional 4 times, is reduced 6 works (150 yuan of * 6=900 yuan/mu), and new method will be saved and be trained
Native 900 yuan/mu of cost of labor.
(6) traditional cultivation method applied a large amount of chemical fertilizer and cause that producing region coptis soil acidification is hardened, increases disease pest
(soil environment in medicinal plant cultivation plantation deteriorates and control strategy for harmful generation；Guo Lanping).New method, which is removed, proposes seedling application
The organic fertilizer after fermentation is all applied outside a small amount of urea, on the one hand will improve soil texture significantly, is shortened the crop rotation time limit, is reduced simultaneously
Heavy Metals in Soils improves quality of medicinal material.
(4) compared to traditional planting technology, new technology will improve 10% or more coptis yield.By producing region coptis average product
250kg/ mus, increase by 10%, i.e. 25kg, the 120 yuan/kg of coptis market price in 2018 is calculated, kg=3000 120 yuan/kg*25
Member/mu.New planting technology is by 3000 yuan of additional income.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the coptis gently simplifies ecologic planting plantation map.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further explained in the light of specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can be better
Understand the present invention and can be practiced, but illustrated embodiment is not as a limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of coptis gently simplifies ecology planting method, and planting site is as shown in Figure 1, include the following steps (by taking stone column as an example):
(1) scaffolding shade: scaffolding material prepares (by one mu of calculating): concrete stake: long 250cm, thickness (7cm × 7cm), and 50.Iron
Silk: No. 14 iron wire about 15Kg.70% sunshade net 700m of shade density2/ mu.The coptis is using growing on hill-side, and terrain differences are big, therefore take
The mode of canopy should be depending on landform.Scaffolding sequence is: then sunshade net is covered from bottom to top and is taken by first pile anchoring, rear bracing wire
At canopy lid.Specific step is as follows: 1. pile anchoring: before pile anchoring, planning should be performed according to landform, arranges compartment according to draining is conducive to
Orientation.Pilespacing between compartment and compartment is 6 ~ 7 meters, is 3~4 meters along the distance between the stake of compartment face and stake.2. bracing wire: suitable
Compartment face bracing wire, iron wire both ends are fixed in stake top portion.Iron wire laterally is pulled at the top of concrete stake between compartment and compartment, pays attention to iron wire
Both ends are made into hook-shaped, while along two circle iron wire of concrete stake top winding, will hang on the iron wire on concrete stake, this peace
Dress method be easy for winter snow before connect iron wire and remove sunshade net.3. taking sunshade net: after having drawn iron wire, being hidden along compartment face direction
Screened postive is put up, and along compartment face direction between sunshade net and sunshade net, is linked in a manner of beating slip-knot with nylon rope every 30cm,
Selecting this movable connection type also to allow for facilitates annual winter to take sunshade net.Note: between sunshade net and sunshade net
Seam crossing should be arranged between compartment and compartment, it is therefore an objective to facilitate operation.
(2) site preparation makees compartment: should dig site preparation after putting up the coptis and covering canopy, then open compartment again and make compartment.Specific steps
It is as follows:
1. harrowing first time slag: the wooden wooden fork or mountain rake can be used, the residue in surface soil is raked off outside canopy or outside woods, stone is removed, it is in heaps to burn
Smoked soil is burnt, first of soil is dug: ground surface soil in canopy being dug into 20cm or so depth from bottom to up；To avoid the loam by surface from ploughing under
Lower layer, Ying Caiyong catch up with digging method, i.e., will not dig surface soil and rush to and dig ground and cover, such lid when digging, motionless soil layer, and tree
Root, bamboo root, grass roots eliminate, and bottom is dug and is put down, face is flattened.It is sure not to deep-cut near canopy pile foundation foot, in order to avoid influence its stability.
2. rake second bits: tree root, bamboo root, grass roots, the stone etc. dug out when digging first of soil, raking off canopy with mountain
Outside, and by large clod it smashes；Dig second soil: i.e. thin to dig, soil block, is smashed leveling by shallow cut from top to bottom.
3. trench digging do compartment: first do positive compartment, after do side compartment；Straight flute, wide 15cm are opened from top to down, and deep 10cm mentions ditch subsoil
To both sides compartment face, just, after side compartment straight flute ends, traverse furrow is being opened further according to landform.Traverse furrow depth 10cm, wide 30cm.It should be noted that compartment ditch is cut
It is not opened on stake row, otherwise influence draining is unobstructed, washes out footing soil, causes the canopy that collapses, or rush the coptis seedling on rotten side, causes to lack
Seedling, nor convenient for operation.It is harrowed after traverse furrow ends, then the soil on compartment side toward centre, makes compartment face at a watt antiform.
4. excavating gutter: opening a gutter in the upper end of canopy, connect the two sides valley in compartment, 30~45cm of furrow width is deep
25~30cm, rainwater can be flow under slope from column gully, and the main purpose in the gully Kai Lan is that mountain torrents caused by avoiding heavy rain wash out
Coptis seedling in canopy.
(3) plant transplantation of seedlings: the coptis is transplanted to be preferred for 5~June；Lifting: fine day choose healthy and strong, luxuriant seedlings by strain
It softly pulls up, shrugs off soil, one plant of strain fitly takes, and rhizome alignment, every 100 plants or so are bundled into handle, are contained with bamboo basket
Dress；Trimming fibrous root: before continuous cropping seedling heaves out transplanting, fibrous root need to be cut short with scissors, about stays 1.4~1.6cm long；First palpus when cutting
Root, which is made in order, hurts rhizome in order to avoid cutting；The benefit for cutting root is: root is short, convenient for plant；Because the stimulation of trimming promotes new root, mentions
High kind of shoot survival percent.Planting density: using the seeding row spacing of 10cm × 10cm, uses seedling 6~70,000 plant per acre.Transplanting depth: big according to seedling
Depending on small and transplanting time, seedling is planted shallowly, and seedlings are planted deep.It can plant deeply when its drought, generally just be stopped up at rhizome with native table
It is too deep to be shallowly all not suitable for excessively for degree.When planting seedling, it should be noted that young plant root or petiole bending cannot be planted, also do not planted
Double plants of seedlings, bad meticulous seedling are not planted simply, a brood of cannot plant double strains or more plants of seedlings.Before planting seedling, by compartment
Face is combed one time with tooth harrow, and grass roots stone is carefully combed and is gone.Compartment face must do into the low watt antiform of middle high side simultaneously, in case draining.
It is generally adopted by finger plantation seedling at present, i.e., holds the handle leaf of seedling with left hand, 1 plant of right hand seedling taking, and pushed down with right hand index finger
After seedling rhizome inserts lower half revolution into soil, takes out finger and stay in even seedling in hole, then seedling righting, finger is stayed
Under hole earthing fill out lid at once.
(4) block canopy side: the seedling children just planted is tender, most fearness strong illumination, is easily dried up.To guarantee there is foot in coptis canopy
Enough covers arboricity, after the coptis plants seedling, also to cover sunshade net in canopy week, is covered with benefit.
(5) fill the gaps with seedlings: in coptis cultivation, especially plantlet stage, often because canopy lid is excessively dilute or irregular, strong sunlight is shone
The place penetrated often dries up part and connects seedling；Or because of arid, freeze, cultivate the reasons such as improper, company of also resulting in seedling death and be short of seedling.It mends
Seedling is preferably accomplished to find to be short of seedling at any time to fill at any time, but generally fills the gaps with seedlings in two times in practice；It fills the gaps with seedlings for the first time: in transplanting current year
Autumn mend first time seedling.Sweltering heat and arid through incessantly summer after planting because of seedling, will necessarily dry up part seedling, therefore entering
After autumn, it is necessary to carry out looking into seedling in time and fill the gaps with seedlings once；Fill the gaps with seedlings for the second time: the next spring after transplanting mends second of seedling.
(6) weeding is loosened the soil: coptis weeding uses artificial weeding without exception, forbids to apply all kinds of chemical herbicides.Weeding number:
In 1 year after transplanting, at least weeding 4~5 times every year, it is desirable that be kept substantially on the face of compartment without weeds, to guarantee Huang
Company makes full use of fertilizer, moisture, illumination, makes its vigorous growth.After third and fourth year, Lian Miaoyi gradually grows up, grass also compared with
It is few, it is annual only need to after spring, summer collect seed and autumn respectively pull it is careless primary.5th Nian Yihou, generally need not weeding.In uprooting weed
Simultaneously, it is necessary in conjunction with loose surface soil is prized, with the regeneration of sharp young leaves, but should be noted that and even seedling sled pine cannot be avoided the dead of coptis seedling
It dies.
(7) top dressing: the coptis is because of growth year difference, and the requirement to fertilizer, soil is also different, and each year dressing time and method are such as
Under: First Year should apply fertilizer primary 15 days or so after cultivation, use urea 7.5Kg per acre, be with thin branch in compartment face after broadcast application
On gently sweep primary, fertiliser granulates are swept and are fallen in soil, in order to avoid fertilizer burns leaf；Time of the year when autumn changes into winter (ten to November) Shi Yici is " overwintering
Fertilizer ", " more winter top dressing " is that decomposed cow and bullock manure is uniformly spread on compartment face by 1000Kg per acre；It is primary that the second year March applies spring fertilizer,
Urea 10Kg；It is primary that ten to November applies winter top dressing again；Decomposed cow and bullock manure is uniformly spread on compartment face by 1000Kg per acre.Third
Year (the 4th year with third year), ten to November apply that winter top dressing is primary again, and decomposed cow and bullock manure is uniformly spread by 1000Kg per acre
In compartment face.If the 5th year does not harvest, topdressing method was the same as the 4th year.If the current year of harvesting, then no longer need to apply fertilizer.
(8) sunshade square is taken to connect
Before annual December snows, sunshade net is removed from frame and is covered on coptis plant.Take sunshade net be because
Sunshade net cannot bear crushing by snow；It is the purpose for playing sunshade on the coptis by sunshade square, prevents direct sunlight from causing plant dead
It dies.Specific steps: the iron hook hung on each concrete stake on sunshade net is removed, and iron wire and sunshade net monolith is removed, vertically
Translation is covered on coptis plant downwards, then the iron hook at iron wire both ends is hung on corresponding concrete stake to (each concrete stake leans on
Subaerial two circle iron wire of place winding, convenient for hanging the iron hook on sunshade net)；In annual spring (or so March), will cover
Sunshade net and iron wire on plant are removed to be ridden on frame again.
(9) the bright canopy of canopy is mended
In 1~4 year after the coptis is planted, it should be specifically noted that frame and sunshade net, cannot be allowed to collapse to fall, especially with cold it
Afterwards, it should more check and study for a second time courses one has flunked once.It should repair, adjust in time usually such as being opened by wind.To the 4th Nian Qiuhou, that is, what is harvested is upper
Year, it is necessary to sunshade net is removed, the coptis before making harvesting obtains abundant illumination, to inhibit coptis aerial growth, in favor of root
Stem enriches and quality improves.
(10) defloration tongue fur
The plant of son of not needing to reserve seed for planting should extract flower tongue, so as not to because bloom, it is solid consume a large amount of nutrients, and influence root growth.
The preparation method of organic fertilizer of the present embodiment is as follows: the stalk of the cow dung mixing 10%-15% of 85%-90%, by twice
Hot fermentation, sufficiently it is decomposed.The disinfect pathogen death rate is in 99.g% or more, organic matter >=60%, nutrient >=5%, also containing calcium, magnesium,
The substances such as microelement and fulvic acid, brown rot element, black rotten element in sulphur, iron, zinc etc..
Then hardened soil acidification after the method for the present invention is planted, the crop rotation time limit, heavy metal-polluted soil and coptis yield are detected, and
It is compared in traditional cultivation method, the results are shown in Table 1:
| Conventional method | The present invention | |
| Soil acidification is hardened | PH:5.35；Humus content: 6.85% | PH:6.12；Humus content: 9.80% |
| Heavy metal-polluted soil (mg/kg) | Cadmium 0.13；Copper 25.62；Chromium 72.88；Arsenic 17.22；Mercury 0.15；Lead 31.2 | Cadmium 0.09；Copper 20.04；Chromium 50.90；Arsenic 9.55；Mercury 0.05；Lead 20.2 |
| The crop rotation time limit | 10 years | 5 years |
| Yield (dry to produce) | 250kg/ mus | 275kg/ mus |
The results show that improving soil texture significantly using method of the invention, the crop rotation time limit is shortened, while reducing soil weight
Metal residual improves quality of medicinal material.
Comparative example 1
According to the method with embodiment 1, difference is not cut root, then statistics hair new root time and kind shoot survival percent, as a result such as table 1
It is shown.
Table 1 does not cut root and cuts hair new root time and the kind shoot survival percent of root
| Do not cut root | Cut root | |
| The time required to sending out new root | 22 days | 15 days |
| Kind shoot survival percent | 94% | 100% |
The results show that coptis seedling trims fibrous root in transplanting, the stimulation of trimming will promote new root, improve kind of a shoot survival percent.
Embodiment described above is only to absolutely prove preferred embodiment that is of the invention and being lifted, protection model of the invention
It encloses without being limited thereto.Those skilled in the art's made equivalent substitute or transformation on the basis of the present invention, in the present invention
Protection scope within.Protection scope of the present invention is subject to claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of coptis gently simplifies ecology planting method, it is characterised in that: make compartment including scaffolding shade, site preparation, kind transplantation of seedlings, block
Canopy side, fill the gaps with seedlings, weeding is loosened the soil, top dressing, is taken sunshade square to connect, is mended the bright canopy of canopy and defloration tongue fur；
The scaffolding is the concrete column for selecting long 250cm, the high 7cm × 7cm of width, is 6~7 meters by the pilespacing between compartment and compartment, suitable
The distance between the stake of compartment face and stake are 3~4 meters of pile anchorings, and along bracing wire between compartment face and compartment and compartment, both ends are by hanging over
On iron wire on concrete stake, after having drawn iron wire, putting up for sunshade net is carried out along compartment face direction, suitable between sunshade net and sunshade net
Compartment face direction is connected in a manner of beating slip-knot with nylon rope every 30cm；
The top dressing specifically: First Year applies urea 7.5Kg per acre, existed with thin branch after broadcast application 15 days or so after cultivation
It is gently swept on the face of compartment once, fertiliser granulates is swept and are fallen in soil, in case fertilizer burns leaf；Ten to November is by 1000Kg will be decomposed per acre
Cow and bullock manure is uniformly spread on compartment face and is used as " more winter top dressing "；The second year March by applying urea 10Kg per acre；Ten to November is by every
Decomposed cow and bullock manure is uniformly spread on compartment face as " more winter top dressing " by mu 1000Kg；Third Nian Shizhi November is by 1000Kg per acre
Decomposed cow and bullock manure is uniformly spread on compartment face as " more winter top dressing "；4th year the same as third year；If the 5th year does not harvest, topdressing method
With the 4th year；If the current year of harvesting, then no longer need to apply fertilizer.
2. the coptis gently simplifies ecology planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: it includes as follows that the site preparation, which makees compartment,
Step:
1) it harrows first time slag: with the wooden wooden fork or mountain rake, the residue in surface soil being raked off outside canopy or outside woods, stone, burning in heaps are removed
Smoked soil digs first of soil: using catch up with digging method that ground surface soil in canopy is dug 20cm or so depth from bottom to up；Near canopy pile foundation foot
It is sure not to deep-cut；
2) it harrows the second ballast aggregate: tree root, bamboo root, the grass roots, stone dug out when digging first of soil, being raked off outside canopy with mountain, and will
Large clod is smashed；Shallow cut from top to bottom, it is thin to dig second soil, soil block is smashed leveling；
3) trench digging do compartment: first do positive compartment, after do side compartment；Straight flute, wide 15cm are opened from top to down, and deep 10cm mentions ditch subsoil to two
Traverse furrow just, after side compartment straight flute ends, is being opened further according to landform, traverse furrow depth 10cm, wide 30cm avoid compartment ditch from being opened in stake row in side compartment face
On；It is harrowed after traverse furrow ends, then the soil on compartment side toward centre, makes compartment face at a watt antiform；
4) it excavates gutter: opening a gutter in the upper end of canopy, connect the two sides valley in compartment, 30~45cm of furrow width, deep 25~
30cm, rainwater can be flow under slope from column gully, and the purpose in the gully Kai Lan is that mountain torrents caused by avoiding heavy rain wash out the coptis in canopy
Seedling.
3. the coptis gently simplifies ecology planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described kind of transplantation of seedlings specifically:
Transplanting is selected in 5~June, first lifting: fine day carries out choosing healthy and strong, luxuriant seedlings softly to be pulled up by strain, shrugs off soil, and one plant
Strain fitly takes, and rhizome alignment, every 100 plants or so are bundled into handle, are contained with bamboo basket；Fibrous root is trimmed again: coptis seedling
Before transplanting, fibrous root is cut short with scissors, stays 1.4~1.6cm long；It avoids cutting when cutting hurting rhizome；Before plant, fibrous root will have been trimmed
Bundled seedling open, washed once in clear water, dust silt appended on seedling washed away completely, is then transplanted again；Then
Using the seeding row spacing of 10cm × 10cm, seedling is planted using finger with 6~70,000 young plants per acre, the handle leaf of seedling is specifically held with left hand,
1 plant of right hand seedling taking, and pushed down under seedling rhizome is inserted into soil after half revolution with right hand index finger, even seedling is stayed in hole by taking-up finger
In cave, then seedling righting, the hole earthing that finger leaves is filled out into lid at once, transplanting depth was just stopped up at rhizome with native table
For degree.
4. the coptis gently simplifies ecology planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the canopy side of blocking is planted in the coptis
After seedling, sunshade net is covered in canopy week.
5. the coptis gently simplifies ecology planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described fill the gaps with seedlings is filled the gaps with seedlings in two times；
It fills the gaps with seedlings for the first time: mending first time seedling in the autumn of transplanting current year；Fill the gaps with seedlings for the second time: the next spring after transplanting is mended second
Seedling.
6. the coptis gently simplifies ecology planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the weeding is loosened the soil using artificial
Weeding, in 1 year after transplanting, annual weeding 4~5 times is annual only to collect seed in spring, summer after third and fourth year
Afterwards and autumn respectively pulls careless primary, the 5th Nian Yihou, it is not necessary to weeding, while uprooting weed, in conjunction with loose surface soil is prized, again with sharp young leaves
It is raw.
7. the coptis gently simplifies ecology planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described to take sunshade square to connect specific
Are as follows: before annual December snows, sunshade net is removed from frame and is covered on coptis plant.
8. the coptis gently simplifies ecology planting method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: described to take sunshade square to connect specific
Are as follows: the iron hook hung on each concrete stake is removed, iron wire and sunshade net monolith are removed, translation vertically downward is covered plants in the coptis
In strain, then by the iron hook at iron wire both ends be hung in winding iron wire corresponding concrete stake on；In annual March, by Gai Zhi
Sunshade net and iron wire in strain are removed to be ridden on frame again.
9. the coptis gently simplifies ecology planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the bright canopy of the benefit canopy is in the coptis
In 1~4 year after cultivation, after cold, inspection studies for a second time courses one has flunked that sunshade is primary, the last year of harvesting, removes sunshade net.
10. the coptis gently simplifies ecology planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the defloration tongue fur is to extract flower
Tongue fur.
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