CN110622788A - Rhodiola rosea cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of rhodiola, which comprises the following steps: selecting land, preparing land, breeding, managing field, and preventing and controlling diseases and pests. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of high growth speed, high survival rate, integration from planting to seed reserving and good market value.

Description

Rhodiola rosea cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of rhodiola rosea.

Background

Rhodiola rosea (academic name: Rhodiola rosea L.), alias: rhodiola rosea, scandent macburl (Tibetan name), etc.; is a perennial herb plant with a height of 10-20 cm. Thick root, cone shape, fleshy, brownish yellow, root neck with most fibrous root, short rhizome, thick shape, cylindrical shape, covered by most of the tile-shaped arranged scaly leaves. [1] The ecological floating bed grows in a high and cold non-pollution area with the altitude of 1800-2500 m, and the growth environment is severe, so that the ecological floating bed has strong vitality and special adaptability. Can be used as a medicine, can tonify qi, clear away the lung-heat, benefit intelligence and nourish the heart, and is a traditional Chinese medicine with wide effect. It also has good skin caring effect, and can be used as skin care product or edible product.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, has high growth speed and high survival rate, integrates the planting and seed reserving, and has good market value.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a cultivation method of rhodiola rosea comprises the following steps:

1. selecting and preparing land

The rhodiola sachalinensis has low requirements on soil, and is cultivated in mountain areas with high altitude, cold climate, short frost-free period and large day and night temperature difference in summer, and low-altitude plain areas and areas with high temperature and raininess in summer and long frost-free period are not suitable for cultivation. The specific cultivation land should be selected from soil or sandy loam with rich humus, deep soil layer, sufficient sunlight and good drainage, can be cultivated in forest collecting land or wasteland in mountainous area, and can also be cultivated in northeast area with old ginseng land. The seedling raising land is preferably selected from a land block which is fertile and loose in quality and is close to a water source, the transplanting land is selected from a hilly land which has good drainage and slightly more sand in soil, and the clay, saline-alkali soil and low-lying water accumulation land are not suitable for cultivation.

After selecting land, deeply turning 30-40 cm, removing field impurities, breaking soil blocks, making beds along the slope, wherein the width of each bed is 1-1.2 meters, the height of each bed is 20-25 cm, the width of each operation road is 50-70 cm, generally, no fertilizer is applied, if the soil is too lean, a proper amount of decomposed farmyard manure can be applied, and no chemical fertilizer is applied. If the old ginseng land is selected for cultivation, the soil is disinfected before sowing.

2. The propagation method mainly uses seeds for propagation in production, the seedlings are intensively grown in the first year, the seedlings are transplanted in the second year, and the seedlings are harvested after 4 years of growth. And then breeding by using rootstocks, and harvesting after 2 years of growth.

(l) Seedling raising

And (3) selecting fresh and mature seeds to be sown in spring or autumn, wherein the spring sowing time is from 3 late ten days to 4 early days, the autumn sowing time is from 10 middle ten days to before freezing, the sowing in autumn is early in seedling emergence and full in seedling, and the seeds do not need to be treated. The seeds are soaked in water in spring, and the method comprises soaking the seeds in clean cloth bag in normal water for 40-50 hr, changing water 2-4 times per day, removing surface water from the soaked seeds in cool and ventilated place, and immediately sowing when the seeds are naturally dispersed. During sowing, firstly, the surface soil of a seedling bed is scraped by a wood board, transverse furrows with the row spacing of 8-10 cm are dug, the depth of each furrow is 3-5 mm, seeds are uniformly scattered in the furrow, the sowing amount per square meter is 1.5-2.0 g, the fine soil covered by a sieve is 2-3 mm, the upper part of the furrow is compacted by hands or the wood board, and then a layer of straws or pine trees are covered on the bed surface for moisturizing.

(2) Transplanting

Transplanting seedlings after 1 year of growth, wherein the transplanting time is after the overground part withers in autumn of the current year or before the seedlings turn green in spring of the next year, the spring transplanting effect is good, the transplanting is generally carried out when the seedlings do not germinate in the late 3 th to the early 4 th months, all the seedlings are dug out, the seedlings are respectively transplanted according to the sizes of planting, the planting row spacing is 20 cm, the plant spacing is 10-12 cm, transverse furrows are opened, the depth of the furrows is 10-12 cm, the top buds of the planting are planted upwards into the furrows, the covering soil thickness is 2-3 cm, the top buds are covered, slightly pressed after the planting, watering is carried out after the planting when the soil is too dry, about 50 large seedlings are planted per square meter, and 60 small seedlings can be planted.

(3) Rhizome propagation

Collecting wild rhizome or cutting off large rhizome when collecting for planting, cutting rhizome into 3-4 cm long rhizome segments, airing in shade for 4-6 hr to heal wound surface, planting according to the above transplanting time and method, placing the top bud of the rhizome segment in the ditch obliquely with thickness of 5-6 cm, cutting, and pressing to obtain the final product with survival rate over 95%.

3. Management of field

(l) Seedling raising land

The seedlings grow slowly at the early stage of emergence, the seedlings which come out for 20 days are only 2 cotyledons and are very small, and weeds grow fast at the moment and are removed from the field in time. The bed should be kept wet in the seedling stage, and should be watered with a fine-hole watering can at any time in drought. When the seedlings come out, the straw covered on the bed surface is removed in the morning or evening, and the seedlings are properly irradiated with light. After overground stems grow, depending on the emergence, over-dense seedlings are grown among the overground stems, or the overground stems are replanted elsewhere.

(2) The transplanted field needs to be loosened and weeded frequently in all growth periods, so that no weeds are generated in the field. And (4) properly applying farmyard manure according to the growth condition in the second year after transplanting, particularly applying a proper amount of plant ash or phosphate fertilizer before and after the flowering period to promote the growth of the underground part. In high-temperature rainy seasons, attention must be paid to field drainage, and under certain conditions, a shed can be built on the bed surface to shade and rain, or dead branches and fallen leaves are covered between plant rows on the upper part of the bed surface to prevent rain and reduce temperature. Before winter, the bed cover is covered with a 2-3 cm cold-proof agent to facilitate winter.

4. Pest control

The rhodiola sachalinensis is cultivated in a suitable environment, the plant diseases and insect pests are less during the growth period, a small amount of aphids are occasionally harmful to tender stems and leaves in arid seasons, and the control can be realized by using 1800 times of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable solution 1500-. And secondly, a small amount of grubs and mole crickets are harmful to underground parts sometimes, and can be artificially trapped or killed by poison baits. During 3-4 years of seedling growth, root rot often occurs in high-temperature and humid seasons, sometimes, the growth of plants and the yield of medicinal parts are seriously influenced, during the early stage of disease occurrence, leaves turn yellow firstly, the whole plant slowly withers yellow, brown disease spots appear firstly on roots and rhizomes of the underground part, the whole plant is rotted to become brown or black in the later stage, and finally the whole plant dies. The preventing and controlling method mainly includes selecting land according to requirements, preferably disinfecting soil before transplanting, timely pulling out and burning out diseased plants in the field, disinfecting diseased holes with lime, irrigating roots with 1000 times of mancozeb or carbendazim liquid medicine or spraying, wherein the spraying is performed once every 10 days for 3-4 times in the initial period of disease onset.

(IV) harvesting and processing

The seeds are used for propagation and growth for 4 years and then harvested, the roots and the stems are used for propagation and growth for 2 years and then harvested, after overground parts wither in autumn in a harvesting season, overground withered stem leaves are firstly removed, underground parts are dug out, soil is removed, the underground parts are washed clean by water and dried at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, or the cleaned medicinal materials are subjected to steel steaming for 7-10 minutes and then dried in the sun or in a drying chamber, when the medicinal materials are dried to seven or eight parts, the roots and the stems are straightened in an orderly manner, the tops of the roots and the stems are aligned, a plurality of the stems are bundled into small bundles, and then the roots and the stems are dried to be completely dried.

(V) seed reserving technology

The seeds begin to mature after the middle ten days of July, the seedlings grow more and are more fruity in 3-4 years, the seeds are harvested along with the maturity, when the surfaces of the fruits become brown, the fruit peels are dry, and the top ends of the fruits are about to crack, the seeds can be harvested, the fruit ears are firstly cut off, the fruits are placed in a shade and airing place to be dried, the seeds are cut off by a stick, the fruit peels and impurities are removed, and the seeds are placed in a shade and ventilated and dry place to be stored.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of high growth speed, high survival rate, integration from planting to seed reserving and good market value.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

Example 1:

a cultivation method of rhodiola rosea comprises the following steps:

1. selecting and preparing land

The rhodiola sachalinensis has low requirements on soil, and is cultivated in mountain areas with high altitude, cold climate, short frost-free period and large day and night temperature difference in summer, and low-altitude plain areas and areas with high temperature and raininess in summer and long frost-free period are not suitable for cultivation. The specific cultivation land should be selected from soil or sandy loam with rich humus, deep soil layer, sufficient sunlight and good drainage, can be cultivated in forest collecting land or wasteland in mountainous area, and can also be cultivated in northeast area with old ginseng land. The seedling raising land is preferably selected from a land block which is fertile and loose in quality and is close to a water source, the transplanting land is selected from a hilly land which has good drainage and slightly more sand in soil, and the clay, saline-alkali soil and low-lying water accumulation land are not suitable for cultivation.

After selecting land, deeply turning 30-40 cm, removing field impurities, breaking soil blocks, making beds along the slope, wherein the width of each bed is 1-1.2 meters, the height of each bed is 20-25 cm, the width of each operation road is 50-70 cm, generally, no fertilizer is applied, if the soil is too lean, a proper amount of decomposed farmyard manure can be applied, and no chemical fertilizer is applied. If the old ginseng land is selected for cultivation, the soil is disinfected before sowing.

2. The propagation method mainly uses seeds for propagation in production, the seedlings are intensively grown in the first year, the seedlings are transplanted in the second year, and the seedlings are harvested after 4 years of growth. And then breeding by using rootstocks, and harvesting after 2 years of growth.

(l) Seedling raising

And (3) selecting fresh and mature seeds to be sown in spring or autumn, wherein the spring sowing time is from 3 late ten days to 4 early days, the autumn sowing time is from 10 middle ten days to before freezing, the sowing in autumn is early in seedling emergence and full in seedling, and the seeds do not need to be treated. The seeds are soaked in water in spring, and the method comprises soaking the seeds in clean cloth bag in normal water for 40-50 hr, changing water 2-4 times per day, removing surface water from the soaked seeds in cool and ventilated place, and immediately sowing when the seeds are naturally dispersed. During sowing, firstly, the surface soil of a seedling bed is scraped by a wood board, transverse furrows with the row spacing of 8-10 cm are dug, the depth of each furrow is 3-5 mm, seeds are uniformly scattered in the furrow, the sowing amount per square meter is 1.5-2.0 g, the fine soil covered by a sieve is 2-3 mm, the upper part of the furrow is compacted by hands or the wood board, and then a layer of straws or pine trees are covered on the bed surface for moisturizing.

(2) Transplanting

Transplanting seedlings after 1 year of growth, wherein the transplanting time is after the overground part withers in autumn of the current year or before the seedlings turn green in spring of the next year, the spring transplanting effect is good, the transplanting is generally carried out when the seedlings do not germinate in the late 3 th to the early 4 th months, all the seedlings are dug out, the seedlings are respectively transplanted according to the sizes of planting, the planting row spacing is 20 cm, the plant spacing is 10-12 cm, transverse furrows are opened, the depth of the furrows is 10-12 cm, the top buds of the planting are planted upwards into the furrows, the covering soil thickness is 2-3 cm, the top buds are covered, slightly pressed after the planting, watering is carried out after the planting when the soil is too dry, about 50 large seedlings are planted per square meter, and 60 small seedlings can be planted.

(3) Rhizome propagation

Collecting wild rhizome or cutting off large rhizome when collecting for planting, cutting rhizome into 3-4 cm long rhizome segments, airing in shade for 4-6 hr to heal wound surface, planting according to the above transplanting time and method, placing the top bud of the rhizome segment in the ditch obliquely with thickness of 5-6 cm, cutting, and pressing to obtain the final product with survival rate over 95%.

3. Management of field

(l) Seedling raising land

The seedlings grow slowly at the early stage of emergence, the seedlings which come out for 20 days are only 2 cotyledons and are very small, and weeds grow fast at the moment and are removed from the field in time. The bed should be kept wet in the seedling stage, and should be watered with a fine-hole watering can at any time in drought. When the seedlings come out, the straw covered on the bed surface is removed in the morning or evening, and the seedlings are properly irradiated with light. After overground stems grow, depending on the emergence, over-dense seedlings are grown among the overground stems, or the overground stems are replanted elsewhere.

(2) The transplanted field needs to be loosened and weeded frequently in all growth periods, so that no weeds are generated in the field. And (4) properly applying farmyard manure according to the growth condition in the second year after transplanting, particularly applying a proper amount of plant ash or phosphate fertilizer before and after the flowering period to promote the growth of the underground part. In high-temperature rainy seasons, attention must be paid to field drainage, and under certain conditions, a shed can be built on the bed surface to shade and rain, or dead branches and fallen leaves are covered between plant rows on the upper part of the bed surface to prevent rain and reduce temperature. Before winter, the bed cover is covered with a 2-3 cm cold-proof agent to facilitate winter.

4. Pest control

The rhodiola sachalinensis is cultivated in a suitable environment, the plant diseases and insect pests are less during the growth period, a small amount of aphids are occasionally harmful to tender stems and leaves in arid seasons, and the control can be realized by using 1800 times of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable solution 1500-. And secondly, a small amount of grubs and mole crickets are harmful to underground parts sometimes, and can be artificially trapped or killed by poison baits. During 3-4 years of seedling growth, root rot often occurs in high-temperature and humid seasons, sometimes, the growth of plants and the yield of medicinal parts are seriously influenced, during the early stage of disease occurrence, leaves turn yellow firstly, the whole plant slowly withers yellow, brown disease spots appear firstly on roots and rhizomes of the underground part, the whole plant is rotted to become brown or black in the later stage, and finally the whole plant dies. The preventing and controlling method mainly includes selecting land according to requirements, preferably disinfecting soil before transplanting, timely pulling out and burning out diseased plants in the field, disinfecting diseased holes with lime, irrigating roots with 1000 times of mancozeb or carbendazim liquid medicine or spraying, wherein the spraying is performed once every 10 days for 3-4 times in the initial period of disease onset.

(IV) harvesting and processing

The seeds are used for propagation and growth for 4 years and then harvested, the roots and the stems are used for propagation and growth for 2 years and then harvested, after overground parts wither in autumn in a harvesting season, overground withered stem leaves are firstly removed, underground parts are dug out, soil is removed, the underground parts are washed clean by water and dried at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, or the cleaned medicinal materials are subjected to steel steaming for 7-10 minutes and then dried in the sun or in a drying chamber, when the medicinal materials are dried to seven or eight parts, the roots and the stems are straightened in an orderly manner, the tops of the roots and the stems are aligned, a plurality of the stems are bundled into small bundles, and then the roots and the stems are dried to be completely dried.

(V) seed reserving technology

The seeds begin to mature after the middle ten days of July, the seedlings grow more and are more fruity in 3-4 years, the seeds are harvested along with the maturity, when the surfaces of the fruits become brown, the fruit peels are dry, and the top ends of the fruits are about to crack, the seeds can be harvested, the fruit ears are firstly cut off, the fruits are placed in a shade and airing place to be dried, the seeds are cut off by a stick, the fruit peels and impurities are removed, and the seeds are placed in a shade and ventilated and dry place to be stored.

The invention has the advantages of high growth speed, high survival rate, integration from planting to seed reserving and good market value.

Claims (1)

1. A cultivation method of rhodiola is characterized in that: the cultivation steps of the rhodiola are as follows:

1. selecting and preparing land

The rhodiola sachalinensis has low requirements on soil, and is cultivated in mountain areas with high altitude, cold climate, short frost-free period and large day and night temperature difference in summer, and low-altitude plain areas and areas with high temperature and raininess in summer and long frost-free period are not suitable for cultivation. The specific cultivation land should be selected from soil or sandy loam with rich humus, deep soil layer, sufficient sunlight and good drainage, can be cultivated in forest collecting land or wasteland in mountainous area, and can also be cultivated in northeast area with old ginseng land. The seedling raising land is preferably selected from a land block which is fertile and loose in quality and is close to a water source, the transplanting land is selected from a hilly land which has good drainage and slightly more sand in soil, and the clay, saline-alkali soil and low-lying water accumulation land are not suitable for cultivation.

After selecting land, deeply turning 30-40 cm, removing field impurities, breaking soil blocks, making beds along the slope, wherein the width of each bed is 1-1.2 meters, the height of each bed is 20-25 cm, the width of each operation road is 50-70 cm, generally, no fertilizer is applied, if the soil is too lean, a proper amount of decomposed farmyard manure can be applied, and no chemical fertilizer is applied. If the old ginseng land is selected for cultivation, the soil is disinfected before sowing.

2. The propagation method mainly uses seeds for propagation in production, the seedlings are intensively grown in the first year, the seedlings are transplanted in the second year, and the seedlings are harvested after 4 years of growth. And then breeding by using rootstocks, and harvesting after 2 years of growth.

(l) Seedling raising

And (3) selecting fresh and mature seeds to be sown in spring or autumn, wherein the spring sowing time is from 3 late ten days to 4 early days, the autumn sowing time is from 10 middle ten days to before freezing, the sowing in autumn is early in seedling emergence and full in seedling, and the seeds do not need to be treated. The seeds are soaked in water in spring, and the method comprises soaking the seeds in clean cloth bag in normal water for 40-50 hr, changing water 2-4 times per day, removing surface water from the soaked seeds in cool and ventilated place, and immediately sowing when the seeds are naturally dispersed. During sowing, firstly, the surface soil of a seedling bed is scraped by a wood board, transverse furrows with the row spacing of 8-10 cm are dug, the depth of each furrow is 3-5 mm, seeds are uniformly scattered in the furrow, the sowing amount per square meter is 1.5-2.0 g, the fine soil covered by a sieve is 2-3 mm, the upper part of the furrow is compacted by hands or the wood board, and then a layer of straws or pine trees are covered on the bed surface for moisturizing.

(2) Transplanting

Transplanting seedlings after 1 year of growth, wherein the transplanting time is after the overground part withers in autumn of the current year or before the seedlings turn green in spring of the next year, the spring transplanting effect is good, the transplanting is generally carried out when the seedlings do not germinate in the late 3 th to the early 4 th months, all the seedlings are dug out, the seedlings are respectively transplanted according to the sizes of planting, the planting row spacing is 20 cm, the plant spacing is 10-12 cm, transverse furrows are opened, the depth of the furrows is 10-12 cm, the top buds of the planting are planted upwards into the furrows, the covering soil thickness is 2-3 cm, the top buds are covered, slightly pressed after the planting, watering is carried out after the planting when the soil is too dry, about 50 large seedlings are planted per square meter, and 60 small seedlings can be planted.

(3) Rhizome propagation

Collecting wild rhizome or cutting off large rhizome when collecting for planting, cutting rhizome into 3-4 cm long rhizome segments, airing in shade for 4-6 hr to heal wound surface, planting according to the above transplanting time and method, placing the top bud of the rhizome segment in the ditch obliquely with thickness of 5-6 cm, cutting, and pressing to obtain the final product with survival rate over 95%.

3. Management of field

(l) Seedling raising land

The seedlings grow slowly at the early stage of emergence, the seedlings which come out for 20 days are only 2 cotyledons and are very small, and weeds grow fast at the moment and are removed from the field in time. The bed should be kept wet in the seedling stage, and should be watered with a fine-hole watering can at any time in drought. When the seedlings come out, the straw covered on the bed surface is removed in the morning or evening, and the seedlings are properly irradiated with light. After overground stems grow, depending on the emergence, over-dense seedlings are grown among the overground stems, or the overground stems are replanted elsewhere.

(2) The transplanted field needs to be loosened and weeded frequently in all growth periods, so that no weeds are generated in the field. And (4) properly applying farmyard manure according to the growth condition in the second year after transplanting, particularly applying a proper amount of plant ash or phosphate fertilizer before and after the flowering period to promote the growth of the underground part. In high-temperature rainy seasons, attention must be paid to field drainage, and under certain conditions, a shed can be built on the bed surface to shade and rain, or dead branches and fallen leaves are covered between plant rows on the upper part of the bed surface to prevent rain and reduce temperature. Before winter, the bed cover is covered with a 2-3 cm cold-proof agent to facilitate winter.

4. Pest control

The rhodiola sachalinensis is cultivated in a suitable environment, the plant diseases and insect pests are less during the growth period, a small amount of aphids are occasionally harmful to tender stems and leaves in arid seasons, and the control can be realized by using 1800 times of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable solution 1500-. And secondly, a small amount of grubs and mole crickets are harmful to underground parts sometimes, and can be artificially trapped or killed by poison baits. During 3-4 years of seedling growth, root rot often occurs in high-temperature and humid seasons, sometimes, the growth of plants and the yield of medicinal parts are seriously influenced, during the early stage of disease occurrence, leaves turn yellow firstly, the whole plant slowly withers yellow, brown disease spots appear firstly on roots and rhizomes of the underground part, the whole plant is rotted to become brown or black in the later stage, and finally the whole plant dies. The preventing and controlling method mainly includes selecting land according to requirements, preferably disinfecting soil before transplanting, timely pulling out and burning out diseased plants in the field, disinfecting diseased holes with lime, irrigating roots with 1000 times of mancozeb or carbendazim liquid medicine or spraying, wherein the spraying is performed once every 10 days for 3-4 times in the initial period of disease onset.

(IV) harvesting and processing

The seeds are used for propagation and growth for 4 years and then harvested, the roots and the stems are used for propagation and growth for 2 years and then harvested, after overground parts wither in autumn in a harvesting season, overground withered stem leaves are firstly removed, underground parts are dug out, soil is removed, the underground parts are washed clean by water and dried at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, or the cleaned medicinal materials are subjected to steel steaming for 7-10 minutes and then dried in the sun or in a drying chamber, when the medicinal materials are dried to seven or eight parts, the roots and the stems are straightened in an orderly manner, the tops of the roots and the stems are aligned, a plurality of the stems are bundled into small bundles, and then the roots and the stems are dried to be completely dried.

(V) seed reserving technology

The seeds begin to mature after the middle ten days of July, the seedlings grow more and are more fruity in 3-4 years, the seeds are harvested along with the maturity, when the surfaces of the fruits become brown, the fruit peels are dry, and the top ends of the fruits are about to crack, the seeds can be harvested, the fruit ears are firstly cut off, the fruits are placed in a shade and airing place to be dried, the seeds are cut off by a stick, the fruit peels and impurities are removed, and the seeds are placed in a shade and ventilated and dry place to be stored.