CN109699380A - A kind of diversiform-leaved poplar is nursed young plants in hothouses method - Google Patents
A kind of diversiform-leaved poplar is nursed young plants in hothouses method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
It nurses young plants in hothouses method the present invention provides a kind of diversiform-leaved poplar, belongs to plant artificial propagation techniques field.Diversiform-leaved poplar provided by the invention is nursed young plants in hothouses saline and alkaline mass content≤0.3% of method choice, and grogs diameter≤2mm builds greenhouse, ditching, ridging in loam soil；The elite stand for selecting 8~15 years age of trees collects son to be sowed when seed length to flesh pink；It is sowed in 5~June, into ditch, flood irrigation is watered 1 time after sowing, and the control water surface grows seedling after 3~5 days lower than 2~3cm at the top of the face of ridge, sowing；Then carrying out the later period management such as pours water, leaks informaton.Method provided by the invention carries out nursery to diversiform-leaved poplar using greenhouse, and frequency of irrigation is reduced, and output of seedling is up to 4~50,000 plants per acre and emergence is neat, it is overwintering after storage rate up to 90% or more.Method provided by the invention overcomes the environmental constraints of arid, the windy high temperature low humidity in pole arid area, reduces seedling cost while improving diversiform-leaved poplar seedling percent, has the characteristics of simple and easy, use easy to spread.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant artificial breeding technology fields, and in particular to a kind of diversiform-leaved poplar is nursed young plants in hothouses method.
Background technique
Diversiform-leaved poplar (Populus euphratica) belongs to Salicaceae, Populus, the medium-sized natural arbor of falling leaves, diameter up to 1.5 meters,
Because growth period different leaves are different, also referred to as cotton tree.Have it is drought-enduring waterlogging, it is heat resistanceheat resistant cold-resistant, anti-blown sand, salt resistance alkali, anti-
The characteristics such as barren are most original, most ancient tree species in Populus, in China in the first batch 388 kinds of determining rare or endangered species
" vulnerable species ".Diversiform-leaved poplar is distributed in Desert Regions river bank more, can grow into forest in Arid&semi-arid area；Global diversiform-leaved poplar be distributed in north African,
The salt lick on the riverbank and low humidity of the Middle East and arid region in northwest China is the important arbor species of Desert Area.China is current
The country that diversiform-leaved poplar distribution is maximum, quantity is most in the world.It is only natural in the in store large area diversiform-leaved poplar in China Desert Regions at present
Forest land, for integrated distribution in Tarim Basin and Inner Mongol Heihe River basin, becoming maintenance improves Northwest arid district ecological environment, protection
The natural barrier of economic construction；Especially southern Xinjiang, the Natural Populus Euphratica around the Takla Makan Desert limit flowing
The expansion on property sand dune, is the important component of China's natural ecological barrier.Diversiform-leaved poplar is important because its characteristic becomes Desert Area
Windproof tree species are the main preferred tree species of afforestation under the exceedingly odious natural conditions such as desert, salt-soda soil.Diversiform-leaved poplar Yin Qiujiye simultaneously
Piece turns yellow and the duration is long, has high ornamental value.Now, the ground such as Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongol rely on diversiform-leaved poplar development
Naturally it travels, produces high economic benefit.
Diversiform-leaved poplar wildwood substitutes slowly naturally now, and young growth lacks.Artificial breeding can not only alleviate this problem, help to protect
Deposit and restore Natural Populus Euphratica；And can realize artificial diversiform-leaved poplar check winds and fix drifting sand forest belt construction, play protection desert Vulnerable Ecological, change
The effect of the bad natural conditions of good and evil.Diversiform-leaved poplar ornamental value is strong, is mostly used in afforestation, implements diversiform-leaved poplar biological engineering, to exploitation diversiform-leaved poplar
Landscape tourism and afforestation have positive effect, have given full play to the economic value and ornamental value of diversiform-leaved poplar.
Diversiform-leaved poplar sexual propagation is easy to operate, and cost is relatively low, is conducive to promote.There is field seedling raising to diversiform-leaved poplar seedling-raising technique at present
(CN201510464788.6), half shading nursery (CN201510768095.6), cuttage (CN201510070225.9) etc., simultaneously
There is more correlative study and technical patent about diversiform-leaved poplar grafting；Existing seedling raising manners are more demanding to moisture condition, and recklessly
Poplar is distributed in arid pole arid area using more area, and moisture condition is poor, and dust storm is big, and is influenced by soil property and high temperature,
Under blend that evaporation capacity is very big, and water consumption is big in entire seedling raising process, irrigation frequency increases tending management cost more, dust storm drop
Low survival rate, there are problems in popularization and application.
Summary of the invention
The problem of in view of background technique, nurses young plants in hothouses method the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of diversiform-leaved poplar,
Diversiform-leaved poplar output of seedling is improved, nursery water requirement is reduced, while effectively evading the interference of the external conditions such as dust storm, high temperature, is being reduced the cost
While improve yield；So that temperature, humidity are easy regulation, so as to shorten growing-seedling period, extend diversiform-leaved poplar seedling raise period, increase children
Seedling growth period improves degree of lignification, it is ensured that and it is overwintering, guarantee transplanting survival rate.
It nurses young plants in hothouses method, includes the following steps: the present invention provides a kind of diversiform-leaved poplar
(1) saline and alkaline mass content≤0.3% is selected, the loam soil grogs diameter≤2mm builds greenhouse, ditches
Ridge；For the depth of the ditch relative to being 35~45cm at the top of the face of ridge, the gradient on the ridge is 35~45 °；
(2) elite stand for selecting 8~15 years age of trees acquires when seed length to flesh pink, obtains son to be sowed；
(3) in 5~June, son to be sowed described in step (2) is seeded at the top of the ridge face on step (1) described ridge, to institute
It states flood irrigation in ditch to water 1 time, the control water surface grows seedling after 3~5 days lower than 2~3cm at the top of the face of ridge, sowing；
(4) final-period management will be carried out after the seedling；The final-period management includes pouring water and leaking informaton；
It pours water and includes the following steps: in the step (4)
1. after sowing 3~5 days, watering keeps ridge face Top humid, the frequency of the watering is 2~3 times/day；It spills every time
The amount of water is 7~12L/m2；
2. after sowing 6~8 days, flood irrigation is watered 1 time in Xiang Suoshu ditch, the control water surface is lower than 2~3cm at the top of the face of ridge；
3. after sowing 9~11 days, at interval of flood irrigation watering 1 time into the ditch in 2~3 days, the control water surface was pushed up lower than ridge face
2~3cm of portion；
4. after sowing 19~21 days, at interval of flood irrigation watering 1 time into the ditch in 6~8 days, the control water surface was pushed up lower than ridge face
2~3cm of portion；
Leak informaton in the step (4) and includes the following steps:
I. it after sowing 3~5 days, carries out segment and leaks informaton, the time that the segment leaks informaton is daily 12:00~15:00；
II. it after sowing 9~11 days, carries out middle section and leaks informaton, the time that the middle section is leaked informaton is daily 11:00~16:00；
III. after sowing 19~21 days, big Duan Fangfeng is carried out, the big time leaked informaton is daily 10:00~17:
00；
The step (1) and step (2) are limited without chronological order.
Preferably, the step (2) obtains after sowing son, further includes the storage wait sow son；It is described wait sow son
Storage container is the glass container equipped with charcoal；The temperature of the seed storage to be broadcast is -4~-2 DEG C.
It preferably, further include to the seed disinfection to be broadcast before step (3) sowing；The seed disinfection to be broadcast is with disappearing
Venom includes the potassium permanganate that the copper-bath that mass concentration is 0.1 ‰~0.3 ‰, mass concentration are 0.4%~0.6%
500~1000 times of liquid of solution or Tuzet；The time of the seed disinfection to be broadcast is 15~30min.
Preferably, step (4) middle and later periods management includes spraying foliar fertilizer；The foliar fertilizer that sprays is in sowing 19~21
It carries out, was sprayed every 15~20 days primary after it；The foliar fertilizer includes the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and/or urea that concentration is 0.3%,
The amount of spraying of the foliar fertilizer is 0.4~0.6L/m2。
Preferably, step (4) middle and later periods management includes thinning；It is 6~10cm that seedling spacing is stayed after the thinning；It is described
Stay seedling number higher by 10~20% than plan production seedling number；It is 4~50,000 plants/acre that the plan, which produces seedling number,.
Preferably, step (4) middle and later periods management includes the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is in sowing 20~25
It is carried out after it, 500~800 times of liquid of a triazolone was sprayed every 14~16 days, spray the amount of triazolone dilution per acre every time
For 40~60kg, spray in total 2~3 times.
Preferably, the area of application of the method for culturing seedlings includes the Inner Mongol.
The utility model has the advantages that nurse young plants in hothouses method the present invention provides a kind of diversiform-leaved poplar, the method select saline and alkaline mass content≤
0.3%, grogs diameter≤2mm build greenhouse, ditching, ridging in loam soil；The elite stand of 8~15 years age of trees is selected, it is long to seed
Son to be sowed is collected when to flesh pink；It is sowed in 5~June, into ditch, flood irrigation is watered 1 time after sowing, controls water
Face grows seedling after 3~5 days lower than 2~3cm at the top of the face of ridge, sowing；Then carrying out the later period management such as pours water, leaks informaton.The present invention
The method of offer carries out nursery to diversiform-leaved poplar using greenhouse, and frequency of irrigation is reduced, and output of seedling is up to 4~50,000 plants per acre and emergence is neat,
Storage rate is up to 90% or more after overwintering.Method provided by the invention overcomes the ring of arid, the windy high temperature low humidity in pole arid area
Border restricts, and reduces seedling cost while improving diversiform-leaved poplar seedling percent, has simple and easy, the spy easy to spread used
Point.
Specific embodiment
It nurses young plants in hothouses method, includes the following steps: the present invention provides a kind of diversiform-leaved poplar
(1) saline and alkaline mass content≤0.3% is selected, the loam soil grogs diameter≤2mm builds greenhouse, ditches
Ridge；The depth of the ditch is 35~45cm, and the gradient on the ridge is 35~45 °；
(2) elite stand for selecting 8~15 years age of trees acquires when seed length to flesh pink, obtains son to be sowed；
(3) in 5~June, son to be sowed described in step (2) is seeded at the top of the ridge face on step (1) described ridge, to
Flood irrigation is watered 1 time in the ditch, and the control water surface grows seedling after 3~5 days lower than 2~3cm at the top of the face of ridge, sowing；
(4) final-period management is carried out after obtaining seedling；The final-period management includes pouring water and leaking informaton；
It pours water and includes the following steps: in the step (4)
1. after sowing 3~5 days, watering keeps ridge face Top humid, the frequency of the watering is 2~3 times/day；It spills every time
The amount of water is 7~12L/m2；
2. after sowing 6~8 days, flood irrigation is watered 1 time in Xiang Suoshu ditch, the control water surface is lower than 2~3cm at the top of the face of ridge；
3. after sowing 9~11 days, at interval of flood irrigation watering 1 time into the ditch in 2~3 days, the control water surface was pushed up lower than ridge face
2~3cm of portion；
4. after sowing 19~21 days, at interval of flood irrigation watering 1 time into the ditch in 6~8 days, the control water surface was pushed up lower than ridge face
2~3cm of portion；
Leak informaton in the step (4) and includes the following steps:
I. it after sowing 3~5 days, carries out segment and leaks informaton, the time that the segment leaks informaton is daily 12:00~15:00；
II. it after sowing 9~11 days, carries out middle section and leaks informaton, the time that the middle section is leaked informaton is daily 11:00~16:00；
III. after sowing 19~21 days, big Duan Fangfeng is carried out, the big time leaked informaton is daily 10:00~17:
00；
The step (1) and step (2) are limited without chronological order.
The present invention selects the soil for nursing young plants in hothouses.In the present invention, the soil is salt alkali content≤0.3%, soil
Grain diameter≤2mm loam soil, this soil are conducive to retain water and nutrients and seed attachment.In the present invention, the loam
Preferably sandy loam or sticky loam, the source of the loam preferably (avoid in diversiform-leaved poplar timbered soil far from diversiform-leaved poplar forest land
Existing germ etc. causes disease to diversiform-leaved poplar seedling；Meanwhile the nutrient of suitable diversiform-leaved poplar growth has been absorbed in Populus Euphratica soil, no
Conducive to diversiform-leaved poplar growth, the soil far from Populus Euphratica is selected to can ensure that original nutrient is sufficient in soil).
Greenhouse is built after choosing soil, the present invention is not particularly limited the building method in the greenhouse, and this field is conventional
The building method in greenhouse.The present invention carries out ditching, ridging to the soil for nursing young plants in hothouses.In the present invention, described
The depth of ditch is 35~45cm, preferably 40cm.The gradient on the ridge is 35~45 °, preferably 40 °.Between the bottom surface of the ditch
Away from preferably 0.5~1.0m, more preferably 0.6~0.8m.
The present invention selects the son to be sowed for nursing young plants in hothouses.In the present invention, described wait sow sub- picking from 8~15 years
The elite stand of the age of tree；Described is in flesh pink when sowing son in picking, and capsule pericarp is preferably in by green flavescence, has a small amount of cracking to spit
The stage of fringe.It obtains after sowing son, the present invention preferably treats sowing and stores.In the present invention, the son to be sowed
Storage container be preferably that the glass container of charcoal is housed；The temperature of the seed storage to be broadcast is preferably -4~-2 DEG C, more
Preferably -3 DEG C.
After choosing the soil and seed for nursing young plants in hothouses, the son to be sowed is seeded into the ditching, ridging by the present invention
Ridge face at the top of on.In the present invention, it is preferably included before the sowing to the seed disinfection to be broadcast.The seed disinfection to be broadcast
It is preferably one of copper-bath, liquor potassic permanganate and Tuzet dilution with thimerosal.The copper-bath
Mass concentration is preferably 0.1 ‰~0.3 ‰, more preferably 0.2 ‰.The mass concentration of the liquor potassic permanganate is preferably
0.4%~0.6%, more preferably 0.5%.The extension rate of the Tuzet dilution is preferably 500~1000 times, more preferably
It is 800 times.In the present invention, the time of the seed disinfection to be broadcast determines according to the type of thimerosal.When the thimerosal is
When copper-bath or liquor potassic permanganate, the time of the disinfection is preferably 15~30min, more preferably 20~25min.
When the thimerosal is Tuzet dilution, the time of the disinfection is preferably 15~30min, more preferably 16~18min.
In the present invention, the amount of the sowing is preferably 1.5~2.0kg/ mus, more preferably 1.6~1.8kg/ mus.The side of the sowing
Formula is preferably broadcasted sowing.The time of the sowing is preferably 18:00~21:00, more preferably 19:00~20:00.The present invention is in institute
It before stating sowing, preferably pours water into the ditch, the amount poured water is preferably the 1/2~3/4 of ditch depth, more preferably the 2/ of ditch depth
3.After planting in Xiang Suoshu ditch water 1 time described by flood irrigation by the present invention, and the control water surface is lower than 2~3cm (diversiform-leaved poplar kind at the top of the face of ridge
Son is smaller, extremely light, and water level can make seed be attached to wet ridge face lower than ridge top, keeps appropriate humidity that seed delay can be promoted to sprout
Hair；If flood irrigation water level is excessively high, soil moisture is larger while seed being spread with water, is unfavorable for diversiform-leaved poplar seed and sprouts life
It is long), sowing obtained seedling after 3~5 days.
After obtaining seedling, the present invention carries out final-period management to the seedling.In the present invention, the final-period management includes filling
Water and leak informaton.
Described pour water preferably includes following steps:
1. after sowing 3~5 days, watering keeps ridge face Top humid；
2. after sowing 6~8 days, flood irrigation is watered 1 time in Xiang Suoshu ditch, the control water surface is lower than 2~3cm at the top of the face of ridge；
3. after sowing 9~11 days, at interval of flood irrigation watering 1 time into the ditch in 2~3 days, the control water surface was pushed up lower than ridge face
2~3cm of portion；
4. after sowing 19~21 days, at interval of flood irrigation watering 1 time into the ditch in 6~8 days, the control water surface was pushed up lower than ridge face
2~3cm of portion.
In the present invention, the frequency that 1. is step is sprinkled water preferably 2~3 times/day；The amount sprinkled water every time is preferably 7~
12L/m2, more preferably 10L/m2。
In the present invention, 2., 3. and 4. the flood irrigation preferably controls the water surface lower than 2~3cm of ridge top to step.Controlled flooding water
Face lower than ridge push up the reason of include: a, diversiform-leaved poplar rudiment initial stage root system is shorter, take root it is shallower, flood irrigation to ridge top make it possible to seedling
It is impacted by water flowing, reduces survival rate；Dilutional hyponatremia is poured in b, flood irrigation, and soil water permeability is deteriorated in greenhouse, while temperature is high, humidity
Greatly, infiltration rate is slow, influences root growth, unfavorable to diversiform-leaved poplar seed germination and growth；C, when flood irrigation to ridge is pushed up, water is to the soil erosion
Compacting, can be such that the crumb structure of soil is destroyed, cause soil hardening, be unfavorable for diversiform-leaved poplar it is raw；D, many germs pass with water
It broadcasts, flood irrigation can increase the probability of seed infection germ to ridge top.The present invention pushes up 2~3cm, energy lower than ridge by the controlled flooding water surface
Good solution is made to the above problem simultaneously.
The frequency of the present invention poured water and irrigation quantity are reduced compared to conventional diversiform-leaved poplar method for culturing seedlings, are had water-saving
Characteristic.
In the present invention, described leak informaton preferably includes following steps:
I. it after sowing 3~5 days, carries out segment and leaks informaton；
II. it after sowing 9~11 days, carries out middle section and leaks informaton；
III. after sowing 19~21 days, big Duan Fangfeng is carried out.
In the present invention, the time that the segment leaks informaton is preferably daily 12:00~15:00；What the middle section was leaked informaton
Time is preferably daily 11:00~16:00；The big time leaked informaton is preferably daily 10:00~17:00.This hair
The bright operation of leaking informaton has the function of cooling down, wet down, and the seedling body of the excessively high initiation of day temperature is avoided to burn or disease.
It is also preferable to include spray foliar fertilizer, thinning and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control for final-period management of the present invention.
In the present invention, the foliar fertilizer that sprays preferably carries out after sowing 19~21 days.The frequency for spraying foliar fertilizer
Rate preferably sprayed every 15~20 days primary；The foliar fertilizer preferably includes the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and/or urine that concentration is 0.3%
Element, the amount of spraying of the foliar fertilizer are preferably 0.4-0.6L/m2, more preferable 0.5L/m2。
In the present invention, the spacing for seedling being stayed after the thinning is preferably 6~10cm, more preferably 7~8cm；It is described to stay seedling
Number is preferably higher by 10~20% than plan production seedling number, and it is high by 15% more preferably to produce seedling number than plan；The plan produce seedling number be preferably 4~
50000 plants/acre, more preferably 4.5 ten thousand plants/acre.
In the present invention, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control preferably carries out after sowing 20~25 days.The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is preferred
By the way of spraying triazolone dilution.The extension rate of the triazolone dilution is preferably 500~800 times of liquid, more excellent
It is selected as 500 times of liquid.The frequency of the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control was preferably sprayed every 14~16 days once, sprayed triazolone per acre every time
The amount of dilution is preferably 40~60kg, more preferably 50kg, is sprayed in total 2~3 times.
Method for culturing seedlings provided by the invention has certain Local Adaptation, is preferably implemented in Inner Mongolia, makees
It is obvious with effect.
A kind of diversiform-leaved poplar method of nursing young plants in hothouses provided by the invention is described in detail below with reference to embodiment, but not
They can be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of technology that diversiform-leaved poplar is nursed young plants in hothouses is selected including seed, is handled, mounting the throne, type of seeding, time and after planting
Management, specific steps are as follows:
A) prepare before sowing:
Selection of land: operating a forest farm Inner Mongol Alashan League Ejina Banner is state-run, select far from diversiform-leaved poplar forest land, irrigate it is convenient,
Traffic convenience, water conservation water holding be good, sandy loam containing saline and alkaline low (be no more than 0.3%) or sticky loam field are most appropriate.
Site preparation: it is built in selected nursery according to condition and adds simple plastic green house, use sufficient base fertilizer before site preparation；It ploughs deeply
30cm or more rakes the soil level 2-3 times, removes weeds, smooth suppression, it is ensured that grogs diameter is less than 2mm.
Trench digging: ditching, ridging, bottom of trench spacing 0.5-1.0m, ditch depth 40cm or so, ridge slope is gentle, is advisable with 40 °；Smooth out slope
Face is broken up the clods, and is conducive to seed and is adhered to.
B) type of seeding:
Acquire seed and processing: the selection age of tree is in the no disease and pests harm of 8-15, the elite stand of robust growth, generally in 7 months
At the beginning of ten days to August, it is acquired when capsule pericarp cracks earing, seed in flesh pink by green flavescence, on a small quantity.By fruit ear after seed collecting
It is placed in the indoor shady place of aeration-drying, avoids and is exposed to the sun；It stacks with a thickness of 5-10cm, stir prevents internal temperature from increasing in time influences
Seed activity.It is put into after capsule all cracking earing and plays kind of a machine processing, -3 DEG C of glass container equipped with charcoal are put into after impurity elimination
Cryo-conservation.Second year germination percentage is up to 20% or so.
Sowing time: 5~June of next year.
Seed disinfection: seed will be by selected, inspection, disinfection before sowing.It is sterilized after impregnating 2 hours, disinfection is available
0.1 ‰ -0.3 ‰ copper-baths are soaked seed 20-30 minutes, the solution seed soaking of 0.5% potassium permanganate 20-30 minutes or Tuzet
800 times of liquid are soaked seed 15-20 minutes, can sow seed in 1:30 ratio mix with dry sand after disinfection treatment.
Sowing: diversiform-leaved poplar is poured water before sowing for 1-2 days using broadcasting sowing, and after all soaking at ridge top following 2/3, is pushed up in ridge face
It is broadcasted sowing in portion；One broadcast after flood irrigation at once, control water, can not cover at the top of the face of ridge, it is ensured that seed sticks together on soil.Sowing
A small amount of germination after 24 hours, seedling all sprouts within 3-4 days.For rationally with planting and guaranteeing that stocking is suitable for, application rate control exists
1.5-2.0 kilograms of sowing quantity or so of mu (adjusts) according to percentage of seedgermination, cleanliness.
C) breeding management:
Entire seedling stage, temperature are controlled at 35-40 DEG C or so, and humidity is maintained at 45-55%.
It pours water: is sprinkled water 2-3 times daily after 3-4 days using spilling pot, keep ground wet；The thin water flood irrigation after taking root of 7 days seedling
Once, make seedling row neat；10 to 20 days, a 2-3 days water；20 to 30 days, a Monday water, thin water flood irrigation kept ridge face Top humid
?.
Leak informaton: cooperation is poured water, and starts to leak informaton after 4 days after broadcasting, and 4 to 10 days daily 12-15 open air port and are aerated；10
To 20 days, when 11-16, leaked informaton；20 to 30 days, when 10-17, leaked informaton；Reduce greenhouse temperature and humidity by leaking informaton, prevent burn seedlings and
Foliage disease.
Fertilising: 20 days or so after seedling grows 4 true leaves, on a small quantity repeatedly for principle carry out fertilising urge seedling, mainly with
Based on foliar fertilizer, sprinkling in average 15-20 days is primary.
Weed with a hoe: loosening the soil in time after 10 days, weeding, keep that surface soil is loose, ventilation is good, garden without grass.But number is not
It is preferably excessive, it is advisable with 1-2 times, in case to slander root and surface soil excessively loose and eroded for weeding process.
Thinning: thinning 1 time after seedling all sprouts, thinning retains strain number 15% or so more than plan production seedling amount on unit area；
The 2nd time, the 3rd final singling are carried out according to growth of seedling situation later, every 10-20 plants of 1m Leaving seedling evenly of ridge face top, seedling spacing is protected
It holds in 6-10cm, produces the control of seedling amount at ten thousand plants/acre of 4-5.Seedling lower blade is removed during thinning in right amount, advantageous light and airing is prevented
Disease.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: keypoint control blade disease and defoliator, in greenhouse based on disease, predominantly leaf rust and leaf
Line pinta.Blade disease is mainly sprayed using fungicide, after 20-25 days seedling grow 3-4 true leaf, uses triazolone every 15 days
500 times of liquid sprinklings, it is 2-3 times continuous.Leafeating insect then is finding to be prevented and treated for early spray matrine etc. insecticides 2-3 times.Ground
Lower pest then tags to adult using phoxim pulvis.
Nursery stock transplanting: carrying out moving bed nursery when height of seedling 10cm, select robust growth, no disease and pests harm one year seedling on the 2nd year,
With digging with cultivation, be out of the garden first 7 days fill 1 time it is permeable, so that nursery stock is suctioned moisture, convenient for excavating, the main root length of nursery stock is greater than when digging seedling
15cm, lateral root is complete, root relief before planting, and root system retains 15cm and cuts off redundance, and by line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, trench digging is planted
It plants, righting nursery stock is poured water in time after cultivation, the 2nd water is followed by filled under seeping to water, with 1 water of filling in backsight soil moisture content every 20 days.Transplanting one
Top dressing, which can be carried out, after month urges seedling.Transplanting survival rate is up to 95% or more.
For the present embodiment from 2000 in the state-run implementation that operates a forest farm in Inner Mongol Alashan League Ejina Banner, current year nursery is secondary
Year can be transplanted.The experimental results showed that per acre output of seedling up to ten thousand plants of 4-5 and emergence it is neat, it is overwintering after conservation rate and transplanting at
Motility rate is up to 90% or more；This technology is extending diversiform-leaved poplar seedling raise period, lowers frequency of irrigation, solves arid pole arid area
The environmental constraints of windy high temperature low humidity reduce seedling cost while improving survival rate, simple and easy, use easy to spread.?
Different regions should suitably adjust the time number that leaks informaton of pouring water according to when ground temperature.
Comparative example 1
The difference from embodiment 1 is that:
Pour water: since sowing the same day daily use spill pot sprinkle water 2-3 time, holding ground moisten；7 days seedling are thin after taking root
Water flood irrigation is primary, keeps seedling row neat；Water, the thin water flood irrigation control water surface are lower than 2~3cm at the top of the face of ridge on every Mondays afterwards；
Keep ridge face Top humid.
Leak informaton: starting to leak informaton within 4 days after broadcasting, daily 12-16 opens air port and is aerated；20 to 30 days, when 10-17, leaked informaton；
Greenhouse temperature and humidity is reduced by leaking informaton, prevents burn seedlings and foliage disease.
Remaining nursery and step of transplanting seedlings are kept and example 1 is identical.
Output of seedling reaches ten thousand plants of 3-4 per acre at this time, and overwintering rear storage rate is between 60-75%.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
- A kind of method 1. diversiform-leaved poplar is nursed young plants in hothouses, which comprises the steps of:(1) saline and alkaline mass content≤0.3% is selected, greenhouse, ditching, ridging are built in the loam soil grogs diameter≤2mm；Institute It is 35~45cm that the depth for stating ditch is pushed up relative to ridge, and the gradient on the ridge is 35~45 °；(2) elite stand for selecting 8~15 years age of trees acquires when seed length to flesh pink, obtains son to be sowed；(3) in 5~June, son to be sowed described in step (2) is seeded at the top of the ridge face on step (1) described ridge, Xiang Suoshu ditch Middle flood irrigation is watered 1 time, and the control water surface grows seedling after 3~5 days lower than 2~3cm at the top of the face of ridge, sowing；(4) final-period management will be carried out after the seedling；The final-period management includes pouring water and leaking informaton；It pours water and includes the following steps: in the step (4)1. after sowing 3~5 days, watering keeps ridge face Top humid, the frequency of the watering is 2~3 times/day；It sprinkles water every time Amount is 7~12L/m2；2. after sowing 6~8 days, flood irrigation is watered 1 time in Xiang Suoshu ditch, the control water surface is lower than 2~3cm at the top of the face of ridge；3. after sowing 9~11 days, at interval of 2~3 days into the ditch flood irrigation water 1 time, the control water surface lower than at the top of the face of ridge 2~ 3cm；4. after sowing 19~21 days, at interval of flood irrigation watering 1 time into the ditch in 6~8 days, the control water surface was lower than at the top of the face of ridge 2 ~3cm；Leak informaton in the step (4) and includes the following steps:I. it after sowing 3~5 days, carries out segment and leaks informaton, the time that the segment leaks informaton is daily 12:00~15:00；II. it after sowing 9~11 days, carries out middle section and leaks informaton, the time that the middle section is leaked informaton is daily 11:00~16:00；III. after sowing 19~21 days, big Duan Fangfeng is carried out, the big time leaked informaton is daily 10:00~17:00；The step (1) and step (2) are limited without chronological order.
- 2. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (2) obtains after sowing son, further includes Wait sow the storage of son；The storage container wait sow son is the glass container equipped with charcoal；The seed storage to be broadcast Temperature be -4~-2 DEG C.
- 3. method for culturing seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include before the step (3) sowing to it is described to Broadcast seed disinfection；The seed disinfection thimerosal to be broadcast includes the copper-bath that mass concentration is 0.1 ‰~0.3 ‰, matter Measure 500~1000 times of liquid of solution or Tuzet for the potassium permanganate that concentration is 0.4%~0.6%；The seed disinfection to be broadcast Time is 15~30min.
- 4. method for culturing seedlings according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that step (4) middle and later periods management Including spraying foliar fertilizer；The foliar fertilizer that sprays carries out after sowing 19~21 days, sprays every 15~20 days primary；The leaf Leaven includes the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and/or urea that concentration is 0.3%, and the amount of spraying of the foliar fertilizer is 0.4~0.6L/m2。
- 5. method for culturing seedlings according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that step (4) middle and later periods management Including thinning；It is 6~10cm that seedling spacing is stayed after the thinning；It is described to stay seedling number higher by 10~20% than plan production seedling number；The meter Drawing and producing seedling number is 4~50,000 plants/acre.
- 6. method for culturing seedlings according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that step (4) middle and later periods management Including the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control carries out after sowing 20~25 days, and a triazolone was sprayed every 14~16 days 500~800 times of liquid, the amount for spraying triazolone dilution per acre every time is 40~60kg, is sprayed in total 2~3 times.
- 7. method for culturing seedlings according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the method for culturing seedlings applicablely Area includes the Inner Mongol.
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| CN114946420A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-08-30 | 北京林业大学 | Populus diversifolia seed treatment method |
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