A kind of astragalus mongolicus is nursed young plants in hothouses technology
Technical field:
The present invention relates to technical field of facility agriculture, particularly relate to a kind of astragalus mongolicus seedling growing process.
Background technology:
Inner Mongolia of China, northern foot, Daqunshan Mountains are the Genuine producing area of astragalus mongolicus, the artificial planting astragalus mongolicus history that tool is certain and scale, take cultivating seedlings and transplanting method to plant astragalus mongolicus more.One of key link of cultivating seedlings and transplanting method is nursery, and the seedling-cultivating method adopted at present is traditional field seedling raising, carries out sowing seeds nursery, dig transplantation of seedlings April in Second Year annual the first tenday period of a month May in spring.Because northern area temperature is low, frost-free season is short, and rainwater is few, dry, and this seedling-cultivating method every mu sowing quantity is large, and seeding ratio is low, and seedling percent is low, and vegetative period is short, to produce rice shoot length short, bifurcated is many, and quality can not be guaranteed.Transplant with this seedling, to produce its length of astragalus mongolicus medicinal material corresponding shorter, diameter is comparatively thin, yields poorly.Therefore, change traditional seedling-cultivating method of astragalus mongolicus, adopt new method to carry out nursery, quality and the output of astragalus mongolicus can be improved, reduce seedling cost, improve plantation income.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention, according to geography and climate feature, adopts intelligent greenhouse or greenhouse by solar heat and adopts seedling bed to carry out astragalus mongolicus nursery, with improve traditional seedling-cultivating method produce the deficiency that the quality of seedlings cannot ensure.
For solving the problem, the present invention by the following technical solutions, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) greenhouse is built: the company's of construction intelligent greenhouse or greenhouse by solar heat.Greenhouse span 6 ~ 12 meters, the standard width of a room in an old-style house 4 meters, eaves height 3 ~ 5 meters, ridge is high 3.7 ~ 5.9 meters, and agent structure adopts cold rolling hot dip galvanizing tubing matter, and galvanizing bolt connects, west three, southeast face wall body adopts double layer glass, north body of wall adopts brick mix structure outer cover thermal insulating composite panel, and top covers antiultraviolet anti-condensation and gathers carbon polyester hollow sheeting, shade in configuration as required heat-insulation system, external sunshade cooling system, pad and fan cooling system, heating system, ventilating system, spray irrigation system etc.;
(2) seedbed makes: adopt length 100cm, width 80cm, the plastic seeding culturing groove of height 40 ~ 50cm, and bottom open pore is some, hole diameter 1 ~ 2mm;
(3) nursery soil preparation: select fertile, the non-second crop soil soil of lower floor having removed surface soil not disease carrying germ as nursery soil matrix material, soil is dug, break up the clods, remove grass roots, stone, by the proportions nursery soil of soil 70% ~ 80%, the farmyard manure 10% ~ 20% fully become thoroughly decomposed, ash 5% ~ 10%;
(4) seed treatment: put by astragalus mongolicus seed in 60 ~ 70 DEG C of warm water and soak, places 24 hours, pulls out and drain, and mix fine sand mixing, seed fine sand ratio is 1: 2 ~ 4;
(5) seeding and seedling raising: be sown in equably on seedbed by the seed handled well, every square meter sowing quantity 5 ~ 10g, above covers fine sand 1 ~ 2cm, opens sprinkling irrigation 0.5 ~ l hour, keeps sprinkling irrigation later every day 0.5 ~ 1 hour until seed germination is unearthed.The general sowing time is in the annual the first tenday period of a month in May.
(6) seedling management: after seed sprouting, regulates warm indoor temperature, humidity, and temperature controls within 18 ~ 30 DEG C, relative moisture must not continuous 48 hours more than 90%, otherwise ventilating system should be opened in time and ventilate; Until seedling root growth to moving to outside greenhouse by seedbed during 20cm or at the beginning of 7 months, nursery groove is directly placed on slowly drained soil, and surrounding soil in bottom covers, and depending on the suitable spray water of seedbed medium soil moisture content, keeps seedbed medium moist;
(7) transplantation of seedlings is dug: dig out seedling by the end of April at the beginning of Second Year precontract in the beginning of spring to 5 month for transplanting land for growing field crops.
The beneficial effect of employing technique scheme is: the present invention carries out astragalus mongolicus nursery by adopting installation agriculture technology, percentage of seedgermination can be made to be increased to more than 90%, seedling percent reaches more than 95%, thus saving seed, simultaneously to produce seedling quality even, length is between 35 ~ 40cm, and bifurcated is few, is conducive to the Quality and yield improving field-transplanting astragalus mongolicus.
Embodiment:
Below implement for illustration of the present invention, but be not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) nursery place is selected: Gou Xiang public house village is won victory as nursery base in Wuchuan County, Inner Mongol Huhehaote City by the first tenday period of a month in May, 2012.
(2) greenhouse is built: greenhouse span 8 meters, the standard width of a room in an old-style house 4 meters, shoulder height 3.5 meters, height overall 5.3 meters, length 45 meters, totally two, area 360m
2.Agent structure adopts cold rolling hot dip galvanizing tubing matter, galvanizing bolt connects, west three, southeast face wall body adopts double layer glass, north body of wall adopts brick mix structure outer cover thermal insulating composite panel, top covers antiultraviolet anti-condensation and gathers carbon polyester hollow sheeting, the heat-insulation system that shades in configuration, pad and fan cooling system, ventilating system, spray irrigation system etc.;
(3) seedbed makes: adopt length 100cm, width 80cm, the plastic seeding culturing groove of height 45cm, and bottom open pore is some, hole diameter 2mm;
(4) nursery soil preparation: adopt sun light green house breeding and seedling nursing with equipment, select fertile, the non-second crop soil soil of lower floor having removed surface soil not disease carrying germ as nursery soil matrix material, soil is dug, break up the clods, remove grass roots, stone, by the proportions nursery soil of soil 75%, the farmyard manure 15% fully become thoroughly decomposed, ash 10%;
(5) Seeds preprocess: put by astragalus mongolicus seed in 65 DEG C of warm water and soak, places 24 hours, pulls out and drain, and mix fine sand mixing, seed fine sand ratio is 1: 3.
(6) sow: be sown in equably on seedbed by the seed handled well, the average sowing quantity 7g of every square meter, above covers fine sand 2cm,
(7) seedling management: spray first and after planting carrying out, sprays 0.5 hour, keeps sprinkling irrigation later every day 0.5 hour until seed germination is unearthed.After seed sprouting, regulate warm indoor temperature, humidity, temperature controls within 18 ~ 30 DEG C, relative moisture must not continuous 48 hours more than 90%, otherwise ventilating system should be opened in time to ventilate, depending on the suitable spray water of seedbed medium soil moisture content, seedbed medium humidity is kept to enable seedling continued growth.
(8) transplant: Second Year digs out seedling for transplanting land for growing field crops at the beginning of 5 months, common property seedling 500kg, seedling average length 37cm, bifurcated is few.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment 2 and embodiment 1 use same greenhouse, comprise with the difference of embodiment 1:
(1) nursery soil preparation: select fertile, the non-second crop soil soil of lower floor having removed surface soil not disease carrying germ as nursery soil matrix material, soil is dug, break up the clods, remove grass roots, stone, by the proportions nursery soil of soil 70%, the farmyard manure 15% fully become thoroughly decomposed, ash 15%;
(2) seed treatment: put by astragalus mongolicus seed in 60 DEG C of warm water and soak, places 24 hours, pulls out and drain, and mix fine sand mixing, seed fine sand ratio is 1: 2.5;
(3) seeding and seedling raising: be sown in equably on seedbed by the seed handled well, every square meter sowing quantity 8g, above covers fine sand 2cm, opens sprinkling irrigation 0.5 hour, keeps sprinkling irrigation later every day 0.5 hour until seed germination is unearthed.After seed sprouting, regulate warm indoor temperature, humidity, temperature controls within 18 ~ 30 DEG C, relative moisture must not continuous 48 hours more than 90%, otherwise ventilating system should be opened in time to ventilate, depending on the suitable spray water of seedbed medium soil moisture content, seedbed medium humidity is kept to enable seedling continued growth.
(4) transplantation of seedlings is dug: Second Year digs out seedling for transplanting land for growing field crops at the beginning of 5 months, common property seedling 520kg, seedling average length 36cm, bifurcated is few.