CN106386126A - Stem-inserting cultivation method for succulent - Google Patents
Stem-inserting cultivation method for succulent Download PDFInfo
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- CN106386126A CN106386126A CN201610816824.5A CN201610816824A CN106386126A CN 106386126 A CN106386126 A CN 106386126A CN 201610816824 A CN201610816824 A CN 201610816824A CN 106386126 A CN106386126 A CN 106386126A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0299—Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a stem-inserting cultivation method for succulent. The method includes: adopting a vegetative propagation technique, selecting mother plants, performing yellowing treatment, cutting scions, performing rooting treatment, preparing a substrate, raising seedlings, managing a greenhouse (air and humidity control and illumination control), and performing disease and pest comprehensive control. A large-scale planting method for the succulent in a greenhouse is established. Based on the greenhouse cultivation principle, the method can reduce the cultivation cost by fully utilizing a growth season, can acquire high-quality high-yield succulent in short time, is simple, and is low in cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation field is and in particular to a kind of succulent stem plants culture method.
Background technology
Succulent refers to that a class nutrition organs is loose, has xeromorphy leaf, aqueous tissue, crassulacean acid metabolism approach
Higher plant, be otherwise known as " desert plant ".The succulent of common cultivation has Cactaceae, Aizoaceae, Crassulaceae, the root of Beijing euphorbia
Section, Eremurus chinensis section, Agavaceae and composite family.Succulent majority is mainly grown in drought environment or the sand of more than 200 meters of height above sea level
Unconcerned area, is sustained life using its flourishing parenchymal tissue storage moisture；Happiness yang-energy is waited, and long-term temperature is maintained at 15～25 DEG C then
Robust growth, growth retardation when winter temperature is down to 10 DEG C；Drought-resistant barren；It has extremely strong ground field selectivity, needs containing
The grown on soil having abundant humus or calcium carbonate slant acidity is optimal.
At present, succulent has the wide in variety, advantage such as rich color, ornamental value height so as to afforest in landscape garden
Apply more and more extensive in engineering.Adopting leaf to insert the reproduction technique of succulent and seed sowing more.Its part succulent leaf
Easily generate amicine in the sun containing substantial amounts of chlorophyll, cause leaf slotting breeding rooting rate low, or even have influence on mother
The growth of strain.The nineties in 20th century, with deepening continuously of succulent cultivation technique research, the artificial training to succulent
The technology that breeding is planted is rapidly developed.Wang Quan, Zuo Zhiyu, Song Xiaotao et al. are to the Liliaceae succulent U.S. Ji longevity within 2008
Tissue culture and rapid proliferation is studied, and by inquiring into condition of culture, growth and differentiation situation, obtains a result：In temperature
（25±2）DEG C, light application time 8 h d-1, total intensity of illumination about 60 mol m-2∙s-1, rooting rate is more than 90%.During 2011 plant
Hardwood, He Lihong, remaining Soil unit et al. have studied Sedum alfredii Hance stem under different plant hormones and different air humidity combination and insert breeding
Insert breeding with the leaf of different substrates, obtain a result：At intensity of illumination 80% and 20 ~ 25 DEG C of temperature, Sedum alfredii Hance leaf inserts cuttings in leech
Stone:Perlite=1:Taking root in 1 matrix, the fastest, the longest root length is the longest, root amount most, survival rate highest；It is wet that stem is inserted in 60% air
The fastest through taking root of processing of IBA 500mg/L under degree, survival rate and accumulative germination percentage highest, root amount is most.Zhu Mu in 2013
Blue, Ma Li and Li Sheng tri- people discloses a kind of method that crassulaceae plants are quickly bred in vitro, selects germination in vitro seedling, in short-term
The interior seedling that can induce is continued to be divided into the many seedlings of single by original single list seedling, greatly shortens the breeding cycle.Field in 2014
Quick, Wu Xue is luxuriant, Zhang Shaoliang et al. has invented the propagation method that a kind of succulent leaf inserts two secondary roots, by the new life that leaf is inserted
Plant carries out after-treatment, makes leaf insert the succulent kind being difficult to take root and takes root.In July, 2015 Cheng Yuanhui proposes a kind of raw stone
The implantation methods of raw flower, using plantation seeding method, and do not need often to apply fertilizer, are easy to maintenance.The same year, the Chaoyang invention of December Huang
A kind of succulent cottage method, inserts method using leaf, the method for mulching plant soil after taking root.
Above-mentioned succulent cultural method, in addition to leaf inserts method and seeding method, is all many with the acquisition of callus breeding method
Meat plant aseptic plant, but it is high to environmental requirement in the course of cultivation, and cultivation period is longer, cultivates high cost, and temperature,
Under illumination, moisture condition and natural environment, succulent planting environment there is also larger gap, continuous with agricultural economy
Development, more and more people find the advantage of greenhouse cultivation method.In booth, stem plants training succulent, can make full use of Growing season
Section, increases plant cultivated area coefficient, improves the efficiency of light energy utilization, level of increasing soil fertility, reaches effect of increasing production, realize scale
Metaplasia is produced.Therefore, find the restriction that can break away from traditional cultivation, tissue cultures, carry out succulent under greenhouse-environment on a large scale
The method that stem inserts plantation is particularly significant.
Content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of succulent stem to plant culture method, is planted by the fleshiness setting up scale under greenhouse-environment
The method that species are planted, so as to the cultivation meeting succulent requires, is realized reducing cultivation cost, the purpose increased economic efficiency；
Meanwhile, this method also can avoid leaf to plant in training and partly be difficult the loss causing of taking root, and simple to operate, with low cost, permissible
Obtain high-quality, the succulent of high yield within a short period of time.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of succulent stem plants culture method, comprises the following steps：
1）Maternal plant selects：Select life in 1 ~ 2 year, disease-free, robust growth, the fleshiness plant with side shoot in annual 2 ~ April；
2）Yellow is processed：After the base portion of the maternal plant chosen branch being wrapped up in cover 14 days with double-deck black shading screen, take off black and shade
Net, keeps antecedent soil moisture；
3）Cutting cuttings：Blade tool and 15mL blake bottle are carried out high-temperature sterilization 30min at 121 DEG C, makes after overnight cooling down
With；Select, in nice and cool, without sunlight direct irradiation place, to cross blade along step 2 with high-temperature sterilization）Maternal plant basal part of stem upwards 5～
Cut sth. askew down at 6cm, cuttings leaves 1-5 piece leaf, wins the blade of cuttings base portion；The oblique lower cut of cuttings is urinated with the different hydrogen of 50% chlorine bromine
1200 ~ 1500 times of dilutions of acid are smeared, and place shady place 4 days；The otch of maternal plant branch is with the 1200 of 50% chlorine bromine isocyanuric acid
~ 1500 times of dilutions are smeared, and place shady place, keep antecedent soil moisture；
4）Rooting treatment：The oblique lower cut of cuttings is with, after 100mg/L 3- indolebutyric acid solution impregnation 1.5h, upright insertion 15mL trains
In foster bottle empty bottle mouth, and keep in the air humidity 80%, be positioned in 15 ~ 24 DEG C of spaces of room temperature and treat that it is taken root in 8 ~ 10 days；
5）Prepared by matrix：Select the black nutrition pot for seedling culture of high 8 cm × diameter 8cm, alms bowl bottom first spreads the coconut husk of one layer of 2 cm；
Select the yellowish-brown soil containing abundant humus or calcium carbonate slant acidity, apply fertilizer by 300 ~ 800kg/ mu, subsoiling is digged, shine
Dry；Prepare composite soil by nutritive cube volume, mix, pour in nutritive cube it is ensured that loosing soil；
6）Nursery：Take step 4）In 3 ~ 4 cm in the cuttings insertion matrix taken root, compacting, the aqueous strong liver moss of even guarantee for a person given by a shopkeeper, a basin
1 plant of insertion, placing cool place has the position of astigmatism, before 10 points of every morning or backward aerial spraying water smoke at 16 points in afternoon, with
Air is kept to reach humidity 80%, in 23 DEG C of spaces of dislocation room temperature when young shoot grows；Dislocation room after maternal plant branch young shoot grows
In warm 23 DEG C of spaces；
7）Booth manages：After the shoot growth 2 weeks of maternal plant and cuttings, water in liver moss position；Spring treats that it grows blade, often
Day illumination 1.5 ~ 2.5h, the color of its bud becomes micro- red, keeps air to reach humidity 70%, monthly with 10 ~ 15kg/ mu composite fertilizer
The dilute solution being dissolved in 10000mL water sprays blade face once, and plant enters growth animated period, periodically waters in liver moss position, and
Keep nutritive cube ground moistening loose；Summer daily illumination 1 ~ 2h, air reaches humidity 80%, waters once every first quarter moon, monthly
Matrix is sprayed with 1000 ~ 1500 times of dilutions of 1 50% chlorine bromine isocyanuric acid, keeps indoor shady and cool, ventilation；Autumn treats its leaf
Color recovers the color of script plant, and its sturdy surface of stem meat assumes bottle green, daily illumination 1.5 ~ 2.5h, every first quarter moon with 10 ~
The dilute solution that 15kg/ mu composite fertilizer is dissolved in 10000mL water sprays blade face once, waters once every first quarter moon, keeps matrix excellent
Good ventilating drainage, promotes plant strain growth；Winter plant enter rest period, daily illumination 2 ~ 3h so as to leaf color present micro- red,
Water weekly 1 time, monthly spray blade face once with the dilute solution that 10 ~ 15kg/ mu composite fertilizer is dissolved in 10000mL water, keep room
15 ~ 18 DEG C of interior temperature, relative air humidity is not less than 70%, and earthing is cold-proof；In growth course autumn and winter season at noon when pour
Water, summer waters before at 10 points in the morning or after at 16 points in afternoon, all waters when matrix is dried；
8）Integrated pest prevention and control：The excessive potting soil that easily causes of air humidity is hardened, easily causes plant root or stem rotten
Rotten, processing method：Cut away at once, cutter and hand before treatment after will sterilize in order to avoid infecting other plant, fungal infection
Then spray plant with bactericide, wound just can bury after must be perfectly dry；Occur between blade yellowish-brown spot or withered and yellow come off,
It mostly is insect pest red spider to lead to, spray preventing and treating with 1000 ~ 1500 times of liquid of 40% dicofol wettable powder.
Step 1）Described in maternal plant itself can carry out photosynthesis, be rich in auxin, there is enough nutrition deposits, provide slotting
Fringe is taken root required nutriment.
Step 2）Described in yellow process, may advantageously facilitate the measure of cuttage rooting, reduce amicine in maternal plant.
Step 5）Described composite soil is yellowish-brown native, pure husky, plant ash in mass ratio 1:2:1 preparation.
Step 7）Described composite fertilizer is nitrogenous fertilizer and urea in mass ratio 2:1 preparation.
Foundation using technical solution of the present invention：
A. it is best suitable for succulent when temperature is at 15 ~ 25 DEG C to take root, but succulent growth stops when temperature is down to 10 DEG C
Stagnant.2 ~ the April therefore selecting succulent growth the most vigorous carries out cuttage and seedling culture, makes cuttage survival rate high.
B. the stem of succulent contains a small amount of amicine, is conducive to taking root；If leading to plant growth inhibin more
Auxin is few, then rooting rate is low.Therefore, succulent selects stem to insert reproduction technique.Meanwhile, insert technology using stem to be conducive to keeping
Original breediness.
C. succulent be suitable for being grown on humus enrich or calcium carbonate slant acidity soil.Therefore, select water-retaining property strong,
Weak acid yellow umber.
D. utilize indolebutyric acid solution impregnation, promote cell division and the differentiation of succulent cuttings, be conducive to fleshiness to plant
Thing is taken root, and improves radix tetrastigme cuttage survival rate.
E. utilize liver moss water holding capacity strong, resist cold drought-enduring, favourable to succulent growth.Adopt booth pattern to plant simultaneously
Training, makes full use of the season of growth, strengthens ventilation water drainage ability, prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
F. add plant ash, the micronutrient element such as its contained abundant potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium in the preparation of composite soil, have
Send out axillary bud, preventing and treating succulent fallen leaves beneficial to succulent cuttings, suppress pest and disease damage.
The present invention has the advantages that：
（1）The present invention can effectively adjust succulent required air humidity, illumination condition using booth mode cultivation, and increase is taken root
Rate, improves the efficiency of light energy utilization, improves humidity utilization rate and production benefit, improves planting environment.
（2）The present invention passes through to cultivate succulent under greenhouse-environment, strengthens the resistance of succulent, reduces nature calamity
Evil loss, stable yields is protected and is received.
（3）The method of the present invention also can avoid the loss that in traditional cultivation, ponding causes, and obtains Gao Pin within a short period of time
Matter, the succulent of high yield, realize reducing cultivation cost, the purpose increased economic efficiency.
Specific embodiment
In order that the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become apparent from, detailed retouching is carried out to embodiments of the invention
State.
The embodiment of the present invention with succulent cultivation as research object, using booth mode cultivation, protect by final ecology of realizing
Shield benefit and the purpose of agricultural performance doulbe-sides' victory.Following embodiments are intended to further illustrate the present invention, and the unrestricted present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of succulent stem plants culture method, comprises the following steps：
1）Maternal plant selects：Select life in 1 year, disease-free, robust growth, the fleshiness plant with side shoot in annual 2 months（For example, husky
Unconcerned rose, Zi Longjiao, euphorbia milii, Euphorbia trigona, African prickly pear, blue or green peak etc.）；Do not select complete yellow, aging, lignifying, open
Plant in florescence is it is impossible to provide the nutrient content required for plant establishment to shift with auxin；
2）Yellow is processed：After the base portion of the maternal plant chosen branch being wrapped up in cover 14 days with double-deck black shading screen, take off black and shade
Net, keeps antecedent soil moisture；After yellow process, the chlorophyll of plant disappears, organizes yellow, cortex thickens, parenchyma cell increases, and has
Differentiation beneficial to root substance and taking root；
3）Cutting cuttings：Blade tool and 15mL blake bottle are carried out high-temperature sterilization（121 DEG C, 30min）, make after overnight cooling down
With；Select, in relatively more nice and cool, without sunlight direct irradiation place, to cross blade along step 2 with high-temperature sterilization）Maternal plant basal part of stem is upwards
Cut sth. askew down at 5cm, cuttings at most leaves 5 leaves, wins the blade of cuttings base portion, prevent nursery leaf from rotting to bring disaster to stem portion
Point；The oblique lower cut of cuttings is smeared with 1200 times of dilutions of 50% chlorine bromine isocyanuric acid, places shady place 4 days, prevents cuttings wound
Rot；The otch of maternal plant branch is smeared with 1200 times of dilutions of 50% chlorine bromine isocyanuric acid, places shady place, prevents cuttings to hinder
Mouth rots, and keeps antecedent soil moisture；
4）Rooting treatment：The oblique lower cut of cuttings is with, after 100mg/L 3- indolebutyric acid solution impregnation 1.5h, upright insertion 15mL trains
In foster bottle empty bottle mouth, be conducive to being colonized in the future, and keep in the air humidity 80%, be positioned in 15 DEG C of spaces of room temperature and treat it in 10 days
Root grows to 1cm；Wherein, 100mg/L 3- indolebutyric acid maceration extract configuration：Take 0.5 g indolebutyric acid to be placed in beaker, be first dissolved in few
In amount absolute ethyl alcohol, add a small amount of pure water, stir and evenly mix, be placed in 50 mL volumetric flask constant volumes.
5）Prepared by matrix：Select the black nutrition pot for seedling culture of high 8 cm × diameter 8 cm, alms bowl bottom first spreads one layer of 2 cm's
Coconut husk, is easy to root system and penetrates absorption nutrient, plays drainage blanket effect；Select abundant containing humus or calcium carbonate slant acidity Huang
Umber, succulent cultivating soil pH value requires：Slant acidity 5.0, yellowish soil pH value is 4.64；Apply organic by 300kg/ mu
Fertilizer, subsoiling is digged, and dries；Prepare composite soil by nutritive cube volume, mix, pour in nutritive cube it is ensured that loosing soil；
Described composite soil is yellowish-brown soil, sharp sand, plant ash in mass ratio 1:2:1 preparation.
6）Nursery：Take step 4）In 3 cm in the cuttings insertion matrix taken root, compacting, the aqueous strong liver moss of even guarantee for a person given by a shopkeeper, one
Basin inserts 1 plant, and placing cool place has the position of astigmatism, before 10 points of every morning or backward aerial spraying water smoke at 16 points in afternoon,
To keep air to reach humidity 80%, in 23 DEG C of spaces of dislocation room temperature when growing to young shoot；
7）Booth manages：After the shoot growth 2 weeks of maternal plant and cuttings, water in liver moss position, maintain growing process institute
Need moisture；Spring treats that it grows blade, daily illumination 1.5h, and the color of its bud becomes micro- red, keeps air to reach humidity 70%,
Monthly spray blade face once with the dilute solution that 10kg/ mu composite fertilizer is dissolved in 10000mL water, plant enters growth animated period, fixed
Phase waters in liver moss position, and keeps nutritive cube ground moistening loose；Summer daily illumination 1h, air reaches humidity 80%, every
First quarter moon waters once, and monthly matrix is sprayed with 1000 times of dilutions of 1 50% chlorine bromine isocyanuric acid, keeps indoor shady and cool, logical
Wind；Autumn treats that its leaf color recovers the color of script plant, and its sturdy surface of stem meat assumes bottle green.Daily illumination 1.5h, every half
Month with 10kg/ mu composite fertilizer be dissolved in 10000mL water dilute solution spray blade face once, water once every first quarter moon, keep base
Good ventilating drainage of fine quality, promotes plant strain growth；Winter plant enter rest period, daily illumination 2h so as to leaf color present micro-
Red, water weekly 1 time, monthly spray blade face once with the dilute solution that 10kg/ mu composite fertilizer is dissolved in 10000mL water, keep room
15 DEG C of interior temperature, relative air humidity is not less than 70%, and earthing is cold-proof；In growth course autumn and winter season at noon when water, the summer
Season waters before at 10 points in the morning or after at 16 points in afternoon, all waters when matrix is dried；Composite fertilizer be nitrogenous fertilizer and urea in mass ratio
2:1 preparation；
8）Integrated pest prevention and control：The excessive potting soil that easily causes of air humidity is hardened, easily causes plant root or stem rotten
Rotten；Occur between blade yellowish-brown spot or withered and yellow come off, mostly insect pest red spider leads to.
Root rot Symptoms are：Scouring rush's fusarium cause of disease causes succulent plant root yellow black rotten, aerial part stem
First withered, seriously lead to complete stool dead, prevent and treat root rot measure：Cut away at once, cutter and hand before treatment after will sterilize
In order to avoid infecting other plant, every mu of early stage is dissolved in 50000mL water with 41g 50% thiophanate methyl soluble powder and is diluted to
800 ~ 1200 times of spray solutions 1 ~ 3 time, sprayed 1 time every 10 days, pulled out diseased plant and with the sick cave of lime disinfection, and plant wound is necessary
Just can bury after being completely dried；
Leaf spot Symptoms are：It mostly is the juice that insect pest red spider sucks plant children's young stem and leaf with mouthpart, so that leaf is occurred yellowish-brown
Color spot trace or withered and yellow come off, scar is forever stayed and is not taken off, and leaf back cobweb and has the worm's ovum of small dead color, leads to when serious
Complete stool blade is withered, prevents and treats leaf spot measure：Early stage is dissolved in 40000mL with 30g 40% dicofol wettable powder
Water is diluted to 1000 ~ 1500 times of spray solutions 1 time, and high stadium need to continuously be sprayed 2 ~ 3 times, and every 5 ~ 7 days sprays once, and wipe out disease
Leaf burns in time, increases air humidity simultaneously, mitigates the incidence of disease；
Mycosis Symptoms are：In wet environment, succulent growth is excessively vigorous, is layering excessively close between blade
Collection, stuffy, now, easily white hypha group in blade lower surface, leads to succulent dead in flakes when serious；Preventing and treating is mould
Bacterium disease measure：Early stage is wiped out disease leaf and is burnt in time, and is dissolved in every mu of 40g 50% chlorine bromine isocyanuric acid soluble powder
24000mL water is diluted to 600 ~ 800 times of spray solution blades, continuously sprays 2 ~ 3 times.
Embodiment 2
A kind of succulent stem plants culture method, comprises the following steps：
1）Maternal plant selects：Select life in 2 years, disease-free, robust growth, the fleshiness plant with side shoot in annual April（For example, husky
Unconcerned rose, Zi Longjiao, euphorbia milii, Euphorbia trigona, African prickly pear, blue or green peak etc.）；Do not select complete yellow, aging, lignifying, open
Plant in florescence is it is impossible to provide the nutrient content required for plant establishment to shift with auxin；
2）Yellow is processed：After the base portion of the maternal plant chosen branch being wrapped up in cover 14 days with double-deck black shading screen, take off black and shade
Net, keeps antecedent soil moisture；After yellow process, the chlorophyll of plant disappears, organizes yellow, cortex thickens, parenchyma cell increases, and has
Differentiation beneficial to root substance and taking root；
3）Cutting cuttings：Blade tool and 15mL blake bottle are carried out high-temperature sterilization（121 DEG C, 30min）, make after overnight cooling down
With；Select, in relatively more nice and cool, without sunlight direct irradiation place, to cross blade along step 2 with high-temperature sterilization）Maternal plant basal part of stem is upwards
Cut sth. askew down at 6cm, cuttings at most leaves 5 leaves, wins the blade of cuttings base portion, prevent nursery leaf from rotting to bring disaster to stem portion
Point；The oblique lower cut of cuttings is smeared with 1500 times of dilutions of 50% chlorine bromine isocyanuric acid, places shady place 4 days, prevents cuttings wound
Rot；The otch of maternal plant branch is smeared with 1500 times of dilutions of 50% chlorine bromine isocyanuric acid, places shady place, prevents cuttings to hinder
Mouth rots, and keeps antecedent soil moisture；
4）Rooting treatment：The oblique lower cut of cuttings is with, after 100mg/L 3- indolebutyric acid solution impregnation 1.5h, upright insertion 15mL trains
In foster bottle empty bottle mouth, be conducive to being colonized in the future, and keep in the air humidity 80%, be positioned in 24 DEG C of spaces of room temperature and treat its root in 8 days
Grow to 2cm；Wherein, 100mg/L 3- indolebutyric acid maceration extract configuration：Take 0.5 g indolebutyric acid to be placed in beaker, be first dissolved in a small amount of
In absolute ethyl alcohol, add a small amount of pure water, stir and evenly mix, be placed in 50 mL volumetric flask constant volumes.
5）Prepared by matrix：Select the black nutrition pot for seedling culture of high 8 cm × diameter 8 cm, alms bowl bottom first spreads one layer of 2 cm's
Coconut husk, is easy to root system and penetrates absorption nutrient, plays drainage blanket effect；Select abundant containing humus or calcium carbonate slant acidity Huang
Umber, succulent cultivating soil pH value requires：Slant acidity 6.8, yellowish soil pH value is 6.14；Apply organic by 800kg/ mu
Fertilizer, subsoiling is digged, and dries；Prepare composite soil by nutritive cube volume, mix, pour in nutritive cube it is ensured that loosing soil；
Described composite soil is yellowish-brown soil, sharp sand, plant ash in mass ratio 1:2:1 preparation.
6）Nursery：Take step 4）In 4 cm in the cuttings insertion matrix taken root, compacting, the aqueous strong liver moss of even guarantee for a person given by a shopkeeper, one
Basin inserts 1 plant, and placing cool place has the position of astigmatism, before 10 points of every morning or backward aerial spraying water smoke at 16 points in afternoon,
To keep air to reach humidity 80%, in 23 DEG C of spaces of dislocation room temperature when growing to young shoot；
7）Booth manages：After the shoot growth 2 weeks of maternal plant and cuttings, water in liver moss position, maintain growing process institute
Need moisture；Spring treats that it grows blade, daily illumination 2.5h, and the color of its bud becomes micro- red, keeps air to reach humidity 70%,
Monthly spray blade face once with the dilute solution that 15kg/ mu composite fertilizer is dissolved in 10000mL water, plant enters growth animated period, fixed
Phase waters in liver moss position, and keeps nutritive cube ground moistening loose；Summer daily illumination 2h, air reaches humidity 80%, every
First quarter moon waters once, and monthly matrix is sprayed with 1500 times of dilutions of 1 50% chlorine bromine isocyanuric acid, keeps indoor shady and cool, logical
Wind；Autumn treats that its leaf color recovers the color of script plant, and its sturdy surface of stem meat assumes bottle green.Daily illumination 2.5h, every half
Month with 15kg/ mu composite fertilizer be dissolved in 10000mL water dilute solution spray blade face once, water once every first quarter moon, keep base
Good ventilating drainage of fine quality, promotes plant strain growth；Winter plant enter rest period, daily illumination 3h so as to leaf color present micro-
Red, water weekly 1 time, monthly spray blade face once with the dilute solution that 15kg/ mu composite fertilizer is dissolved in 10000mL water, keep room
18 DEG C of interior temperature, relative air humidity is not less than 70%, and earthing is cold-proof；In growth course autumn and winter season at noon when water, the summer
Season waters before at 10 points in the morning or after at 16 points in afternoon, all waters when matrix is dried；Composite fertilizer be nitrogenous fertilizer and urea in mass ratio
2:1 preparation；
8）Integrated pest prevention and control：The excessive potting soil that easily causes of air humidity is hardened, easily causes plant root or stem rotten
Rotten；Occur between blade yellowish-brown spot or withered and yellow come off, mostly insect pest red spider leads to.
Root rot Symptoms are：Scouring rush's fusarium cause of disease causes succulent plant root yellow black rotten, aerial part stem
First withered, seriously lead to complete stool dead, prevent and treat root rot measure：Cut away at once, cutter and hand before treatment after will sterilize
In order to avoid infecting other plant, every mu of early stage is dissolved in 50000mL water with 41g 50% thiophanate methyl soluble powder and is diluted to
800 ~ 1200 times of spray solutions 1 ~ 3 time, sprayed 1 time every 10 days, pulled out diseased plant and with the sick cave of lime disinfection, and plant wound is necessary
Just can bury after being completely dried；
Leaf spot Symptoms are：It mostly is the juice that insect pest red spider sucks plant children's young stem and leaf with mouthpart, so that leaf is occurred yellowish-brown
Color spot trace or withered and yellow come off, scar is forever stayed and is not taken off, and leaf back cobweb and has the worm's ovum of small dead color, leads to when serious
Complete stool blade is withered, prevents and treats leaf spot measure：Early stage is dissolved in 40000mL with 30g 40% dicofol wettable powder
Water is diluted to 1000 ~ 1500 times of spray solutions 1 time, and high stadium need to continuously be sprayed 2 ~ 3 times, and every 5 ~ 7 days sprays once, and wipe out disease
Leaf burns in time, increases air humidity simultaneously, mitigates the incidence of disease；
Mycosis Symptoms are：In wet environment, succulent growth is excessively vigorous, is layering excessively close between blade
Collection, stuffy, now, easily white hypha group in blade lower surface, leads to succulent dead in flakes when serious；Preventing and treating is mould
Bacterium disease measure：Early stage is wiped out disease leaf and is burnt in time, and is dissolved in every mu of 40g 50% chlorine bromine isocyanuric acid soluble powder
24000mL water is diluted to 600 ~ 800 times of spray solution blades, continuously sprays 2 ~ 3 times.
Embodiment 3
A kind of succulent stem plants culture method, comprises the following steps：
1）Maternal plant selects：Select life in 2 years, disease-free, robust growth, the fleshiness plant with side shoot in annual March（For example, husky
Unconcerned rose, Zi Longjiao, euphorbia milii, Euphorbia trigona, African prickly pear, blue or green peak etc.）；Do not select complete yellow, aging, lignifying, open
Plant in florescence is it is impossible to provide the nutrient content required for plant establishment to shift with auxin；
2）Yellow is processed：After the base portion of the maternal plant chosen branch being wrapped up in cover 14 days with double-deck black shading screen, take off black and shade
Net, keeps antecedent soil moisture；After yellow process, the chlorophyll of plant disappears, organizes yellow, cortex thickens, parenchyma cell increases, and has
Differentiation beneficial to root substance and taking root；
3）Cutting cuttings：Blade tool and 15mL blake bottle are carried out high-temperature sterilization（121 DEG C, 30min）, make after overnight cooling down
With；Select, in relatively more nice and cool, without sunlight direct irradiation place, to cross blade along step 2 with high-temperature sterilization）Maternal plant basal part of stem is upwards
Cut sth. askew down at 6cm, cuttings at most leaves 5 leaves, wins the blade of cuttings base portion, prevent nursery leaf from rotting to bring disaster to stem portion
Point；The oblique lower cut of cuttings is smeared with 1400 times of dilutions of 50% chlorine bromine isocyanuric acid, places shady place 4 days, prevents cuttings wound
Rot；The otch of maternal plant branch is smeared with 1300 times of dilutions of 50% chlorine bromine isocyanuric acid, places shady place, prevents cuttings to hinder
Mouth rots, and keeps antecedent soil moisture；
4）Rooting treatment：The oblique lower cut of cuttings is with, after 100mg/L 3- indolebutyric acid solution impregnation 1.5h, upright insertion 15mL trains
In foster bottle empty bottle mouth, be conducive to being colonized in the future, and keep in the air humidity 80%, be positioned in 20 DEG C of spaces of room temperature and treat its root in 9 days
Grow to 2cm；Wherein, 100mg/L 3- indolebutyric acid maceration extract configuration：Take 0.5 g indolebutyric acid to be placed in beaker, be first dissolved in a small amount of
In absolute ethyl alcohol, add a small amount of pure water, stir and evenly mix, be placed in 50 mL volumetric flask constant volumes.
5）Prepared by matrix：Select the black nutrition pot for seedling culture of high 8 cm × diameter 8 cm, alms bowl bottom first spreads one layer of 2 cm's
Coconut husk, is easy to root system and penetrates absorption nutrient, plays drainage blanket effect；Select abundant containing humus or calcium carbonate slant acidity Huang
Umber, succulent cultivating soil pH value requires：Slant acidity 6.0, yellowish soil pH value is 5.0；Apply fertilizer by 500kg/ mu,
Subsoiling is digged, and dries；Prepare composite soil by nutritive cube volume, mix, pour in nutritive cube it is ensured that loosing soil；
Described composite soil is yellowish-brown soil, sharp sand, plant ash in mass ratio 1:2:1 preparation.
6）Nursery：Take step 4）In 4 cm in the cuttings insertion matrix taken root, compacting, the aqueous strong liver moss of even guarantee for a person given by a shopkeeper, one
Basin inserts 1 plant, and placing cool place has the position of astigmatism, before 10 points of every morning or backward aerial spraying water smoke at 16 points in afternoon,
To keep air to reach humidity 80%, in 23 DEG C of spaces of dislocation room temperature when growing to young shoot；
7）Booth manages：After the shoot growth 2 weeks of maternal plant and cuttings, water in liver moss position, maintain growing process institute
Need moisture；Spring treats that it grows blade, daily illumination 2h, and the color of its bud becomes micro- red, keeps air to reach humidity 70%, often
Month with 12kg/ mu composite fertilizer be dissolved in 10000mL water dilute solution spray blade face once, plant enter growth animated period, periodically
Water in liver moss position, and keep nutritive cube ground moistening loose；Summer daily illumination 2h, air reaches humidity 80%, Mei Geban
The moon waters once, and monthly matrix is sprayed with 1200 times of dilutions of 1 50% chlorine bromine isocyanuric acid, keeps indoor cool place, divulges information；
Autumn treats that its leaf color recovers the color of script plant, and its sturdy surface of stem meat assumes bottle green.Daily illumination 2h, every first quarter moon is used
The dilute solution that 12kg/ mu composite fertilizer is dissolved in 10000mL water sprays blade face once, waters once every first quarter moon, keeps matrix excellent
Good ventilating drainage, promotes plant strain growth；Winter plant enter rest period, daily illumination 2.5h so as to leaf color present micro- red,
Water weekly 1 time, monthly spray blade face once with the dilute solution that 13kg/ mu composite fertilizer is dissolved in 10000mL water, keep Indoor Temperature
16 DEG C of degree, relative air humidity is not less than 70%, and earthing is cold-proof；In growth course autumn and winter season at noon when water, summer exists
Water before at 10 points in the morning or after at 16 points in afternoon, all water when matrix is dried；Composite fertilizer is nitrogenous fertilizer and urea in mass ratio 2:1 joins
System；
8）Integrated pest prevention and control：The excessive potting soil that easily causes of air humidity is hardened, easily causes plant root or stem rotten
Rotten；Occur between blade yellowish-brown spot or withered and yellow come off, mostly insect pest red spider leads to.
Root rot Symptoms are：Scouring rush's fusarium cause of disease causes succulent plant root yellow black rotten, aerial part stem
First withered, seriously lead to complete stool dead, prevent and treat root rot measure：Cut away at once, cutter and hand before treatment after will sterilize
In order to avoid infecting other plant, every mu of early stage is dissolved in 50000mL water with 41g 50% thiophanate methyl soluble powder and is diluted to
800 ~ 1200 times of spray solutions 1 ~ 3 time, sprayed 1 time every 10 days, pulled out diseased plant and with the sick cave of lime disinfection, and plant wound is necessary
Just can bury after being completely dried；
Leaf spot Symptoms are：It mostly is the juice that insect pest red spider sucks plant children's young stem and leaf with mouthpart, so that leaf is occurred yellowish-brown
Color spot trace or withered and yellow come off, scar is forever stayed and is not taken off, and leaf back cobweb and has the worm's ovum of small dead color, leads to when serious
Complete stool blade is withered, prevents and treats leaf spot measure：Early stage is dissolved in 40000mL with 30g 40% dicofol wettable powder
Water is diluted to 1000 ~ 1500 times of spray solutions 1 time, and high stadium need to continuously be sprayed 2 ~ 3 times, and every 5 ~ 7 days sprays once, and wipe out disease
Leaf burns in time, increases air humidity simultaneously, mitigates the incidence of disease；
Mycosis Symptoms are：In wet environment, succulent growth is excessively vigorous, is layering excessively close between blade
Collection, stuffy, now, easily white hypha group in blade lower surface, leads to succulent dead in flakes when serious；Preventing and treating is mould
Bacterium disease measure：Early stage is wiped out disease leaf and is burnt in time, and is dissolved in every mu of 40g 50% chlorine bromine isocyanuric acid soluble powder
24000mL water is diluted to 600 ~ 800 times of spray solution blades, continuously sprays 2 ~ 3 times.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of succulent stem plant culture method it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
1）Maternal plant selects：Select life in 1 ~ 2 year, disease-free, robust growth, the fleshiness plant with side shoot in annual 2 ~ April；
2）Yellow is processed：After the base portion of the maternal plant chosen branch being wrapped up in cover 14 days with double-deck black shading screen, take off black and shade
Net, keeps antecedent soil moisture；
3）Cutting cuttings：Blade tool and 15mL blake bottle are carried out high-temperature sterilization 30min at 121 DEG C, makes after overnight cooling down
With；Select, in nice and cool, without sunlight direct irradiation place, to cross blade along step 2 with high-temperature sterilization）Maternal plant basal part of stem upwards 5～
Cut sth. askew down at 6cm, cuttings leaves 1-5 piece leaf, wins the blade of cuttings base portion；The oblique lower cut of cuttings is urinated with the different hydrogen of 50% chlorine bromine
1200 ~ 1500 times of dilutions of acid are smeared, and place shady place 4 days；The otch of maternal plant branch is with the 1200 of 50% chlorine bromine isocyanuric acid
~ 1500 times of dilutions are smeared, and place shady place, keep antecedent soil moisture；
4）Rooting treatment：The oblique lower cut of cuttings is with, after 100mg/L 3- indolebutyric acid solution impregnation 1.5h, upright insertion 15mL trains
In foster bottle empty bottle mouth, and keep in the air humidity 80%, be positioned in 15 ~ 24 DEG C of spaces of room temperature and treat that it is taken root in 8 ~ 10 days；
5）Prepared by matrix：Select the black nutrition pot for seedling culture of high 8 cm × diameter 8cm, alms bowl bottom first spreads the coconut husk of one layer of 2 cm；
Select the yellowish-brown soil containing abundant humus or calcium carbonate slant acidity, apply fertilizer by 300 ~ 800kg/ mu, subsoiling is digged, shine
Dry；Prepare composite soil by nutritive cube volume, mix, pour in nutritive cube it is ensured that loosing soil；
6）Nursery：Take step 4）In 3 ~ 4 cm in the cuttings insertion matrix taken root, compacting, the aqueous strong liver moss of even guarantee for a person given by a shopkeeper, a basin
1 plant of insertion, placing cool place has the position of astigmatism, before 10 points of every morning or backward aerial spraying water smoke at 16 points in afternoon, with
Air is kept to reach humidity 80%, in 23 DEG C of spaces of dislocation room temperature when young shoot grows；Dislocation room after maternal plant branch young shoot grows
In warm 23 DEG C of spaces；
7）Booth manages：After the shoot growth 2 weeks of maternal plant and cuttings, water in liver moss position；Spring treats that it grows blade, often
Day illumination 1.5 ~ 2.5h, the color of its bud becomes micro- red, keeps air to reach humidity 70%, monthly with 10 ~ 15kg/ mu composite fertilizer
The dilute solution being dissolved in 10000mL water sprays blade face once, and plant enters growth animated period, periodically waters in liver moss position, and
Keep nutritive cube ground moistening loose；Summer daily illumination 1 ~ 2h, air reaches humidity 80%, waters once every first quarter moon, monthly
Matrix is sprayed with 1000 ~ 1500 times of dilutions of 1 50% chlorine bromine isocyanuric acid, keeps indoor shady and cool, ventilation；Autumn treats its leaf
Color recovers the color of script plant, and its sturdy surface of stem meat assumes bottle green, daily illumination 1.5 ~ 2.5h, every first quarter moon with 10 ~
The dilute solution that 15kg/ mu composite fertilizer is dissolved in 10000mL water sprays blade face once, waters once every first quarter moon, keeps matrix excellent
Good ventilating drainage, promotes plant strain growth；Winter plant enter rest period, daily illumination 2 ~ 3h so as to leaf color present micro- red,
Water weekly 1 time, monthly spray blade face once with the dilute solution that 10 ~ 15kg/ mu composite fertilizer is dissolved in 10000mL water, keep room
15 ~ 18 DEG C of interior temperature, relative air humidity is not less than 70%, and earthing is cold-proof；In growth course autumn and winter season at noon when pour
Water, summer waters before at 10 points in the morning or after at 16 points in afternoon, all waters when matrix is dried；
8）Integrated pest prevention and control：The excessive potting soil that easily causes of air humidity is hardened, easily causes plant root or stem rotten
Rotten, processing method：Cut away at once, cutter and hand before treatment after will sterilize in order to avoid infecting other plant, fungal infection
Then spray plant with bactericide, wound just can bury after must be perfectly dry；Occur between blade yellowish-brown spot or withered and yellow come off,
It mostly is insect pest red spider to lead to, spray preventing and treating with 1000 ~ 1500 times of liquid of 40% dicofol wettable powder.
2. succulent stem according to claim 1 plant culture method it is characterised in that：Step 5）Described composite soil is
Yellowish-brown native, pure sandy soil, plant ash in mass ratio 1:2:1 preparation.
3. succulent stem according to claim 1 plant culture method it is characterised in that：Step 7）Described composite fertilizer is
Nitrogenous fertilizer and urea in mass ratio 2:1 preparation.
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| CN111066505A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-28 | 云南爱花多肉花卉有限公司 | Cutting cultivation method for succulent plants |
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