CN213073761U

CN213073761U - Peach tree cultivation system

Info

Publication number: CN213073761U
Application number: CN202021665894.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨玉; 李青峰; 罗赛男; 张文; 周宇霞; 王春发; 陈为峰; 廖琼
Original assignee: Hunan Institute Of Horticulture
Current assignee: Hunan Institute Of Horticulture
Priority date: 2020-08-12
Filing date: 2020-08-12
Publication date: 2021-04-30
Anticipated expiration: 2030-08-12

Abstract

The utility model discloses a peach cultivation system, this system include the big-arch shelter, the subaerial having seted up of big-arch shelter runs through the cistern of big-arch shelter, the water inlet and the gap of overflow of cistern are located respectively the both ends of big-arch shelter, the cistern both sides be provided with the peach cultivation container of cistern intercommunication, peach cultivation container is from up including permeating water the matrix layer, making fertile matrix layer and cultivation matrix layer down in proper order, and pass through permeate water the matrix layer with the cistern communicates with each other, the water level of cistern is in cultivation matrix layer with make more than the boundary line on fertile matrix layer the peach cultivation container height 45% with below the boundary line between the 30% of peach cultivation container height. The peach tree cultivation system can effectively relieve dormancy, is fast in forming and high in yield, is purely natural in planting and free of pollution, and improves product quality.

Description

Peach tree cultivation system

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the fruit tree is planted, especially, relate to a peach cultivation system.

Background

The facility cultivation of the peach trees changes the traditional peach tree cultivation system, adjusts the supply of fresh fruits, enriches the market, generates good social and economic benefits, and is an important branch of peach tree cultivation science. The peach tree facility cultivation means that the peach tree production target is artificially regulated by changing or controlling the environmental factors (including illumination, temperature, moisture, carbon dioxide, soil conditions and the like) of the growth and development of the peach trees by utilizing a greenhouse, a plastic greenhouse or other facilities. Peach is considered to be one of the tree species having facility cultivation value. The research on the facility cultivation of peaches and nectarines begins in the early 70 th of the 20 th century, and starts earlier in italy, japan, australia, the (former) soviet union and other countries, and the research is deeper. The peach tree belongs to a deciduous peach tree, can successfully complete dormancy only by meeting the requirement of cold energy at low temperature, is an important stage which must be experienced when the next growth and development cycle (particularly normal flowering and fruiting) is carried out, if the cold energy is not enough, the plant can not normally complete the whole process of natural dormancy, the growth and development obstacle is inevitably caused, even if the conditions are proper, the plant can not germinate in proper period, or germinate irregularly, and the flower organ is deformed or seriously aborted, so the quality and the yield of the fruit are influenced, therefore, the proper regulation and control for releasing the dormancy are 1 key technical links for solving the problems of protected cultivation of facility peach trees and annual supply of the fruit. At present, aiming at the problem of dormancy breaking of facility peach trees, two suitable solutions are mainly environment regulation and chemical substance application.

The temperature is the most important climate parameter influencing the dormancy of the buds, and the low-temperature environment required by the dormancy can be created by adopting simple and economic manual measures. After the peach trees fall off leaves, fruit growers in northern areas of China immediately adopt a method of covering a film on a straw curtain in the daytime and uncovering the film at night to artificially cool and create a low-temperature environment, so that the peach trees can pass through the dormancy stage as soon as possible, and the dormancy of the fallen leaves of the peach trees can be broken through by short-time high-temperature treatment in southern areas of China. Soaking dormant short branches of fructus Persicae and fructus Mali Pumilae in 45 deg.C water bath to release dormancy; the grape branch can be placed in 50 deg.C hot water for 30min to achieve sleep breaking effect. Since this temperature range is the temperature at which heat shock induces the production of heat shock proteins, the release of dormancy may be associated with the appearance of heat shock proteins. Dennis research shows that at least 2 temperature-sensitive systems exist in a plant body, one of the systems can be activated at 5 ℃, the other system can be activated at about 25 ℃, and as long as 1 system is unobstructed, germination can be started. The dormancy of the deciduous peach tree can be broken by applying the chemical agent, people find that the dormant bud can be promoted to germinate and grow by the ether trichloromethane steam as early as the beginning of the 20 th century, and a unified statement has not been formed so far about the effective ways of influencing the physiological and biochemical basis of the dormancy of the deciduous peach tree bud and artificial regulation by the chemical agent, and the conclusions are different, so that the application mechanism and the universality of the exogenous chemical agent are still to be further researched. The relationship between the control of tree vigor and the coordination of vegetative growth and reproductive growth is one of the key factors for determining the success of peach and nectarine facility cultivation. The peach facility planting density is high, if the peach tree crown is too large and the inner chamber is closed, the fruiting part is moved outwards, and great difficulty is brought to management, so that the crown control is one of key technologies of peach facility cultivation, the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth can be coordinated through growth regulation and tree vigor control, and high quality, high yield and stable yield are promoted. In the case of peaches and nectarines without suitable dwarfing stocks and dwarfing varieties, the balancing of the tree is regulated only by manual pruning and application of plant growth regulators. Currently, potential control measures that have been studied and attempted are paclobutrazol application, summer pruning, autumn girdling, artificial drought stress, root cutting, root thinning, and the like. Paclobutrazol is the most studied and widely applied 1 plant growth regulator in recent years, plays a good role in controlling crown and promoting flower in the protected peach cultivation, is a low-toxicity hormone substance, although the report that paclobutrazol has toxic and side effects on human bodies is not seen, the application of paclobutrazol does not meet the requirements of green fruits, therefore, 1 alternative substance or technology, such as dwarfing anvil, dwarfing variety and the like, must be found to achieve the pollution-free production of the protected peach cultivation.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the problem, the utility model provides a peach cultivation system can effectively relieve dormancy, and it is fast to take shape, and output is high, and pure natural planting does not have the pollution moreover, improves the quality of product.

The utility model provides a pair of peach cultivation system, including the big-arch shelter, the subaerial reservoir of running through the big-arch shelter of having seted up of big-arch shelter, the water inlet and the gap of overflow of reservoir are located respectively the both ends of big-arch shelter, the reservoir both sides be provided with the peach cultivation container of reservoir intercommunication, peach cultivation container is from up including the matrix layer that permeates water, making fertile matrix layer and cultivation matrix layer down in proper order, and pass through permeate water the matrix layer with the reservoir communicates with each other, the water level of reservoir is in cultivation matrix layer with make more than the boundary line of fertile matrix layer the peach cultivation container height 45% with below the boundary line between 30% of peach cultivation container height.

Preferably, in the peach tree cultivation system, the height ratio of the cultivation substrate layer to the fertilizer making substrate layer is 1: 0.55 to 1: 0.70.

Preferably, in the peach tree cultivation system, the cultivation substrate layer comprises a seedling substrate and soil.

Preferably, in the peach tree cultivation system, the fertilizer making substrate layer comprises crushed plant straws, leaves, weeds, mushroom dregs, wormcast and bio-organic fertilizer.

Preferably, in the above peach tree cultivation system, the water-permeable matrix layer includes gravel, perlite and sand.

Preferably, in the peach tree cultivation system, the reservoir is a reservoir for cultivating aquatic products.

Preferably, in the peach tree cultivation system, an included angle between the side surface of the peach tree cultivation container and the vertical direction is 15 to 30 degrees.

According to the description, the utility model provides an above-mentioned peach cultivation system, owing to include the subaerial cistern that runs through the big-arch shelter of seting up of big-arch shelter, the water inlet and the gap of overflow of cistern are located respectively the both ends of big-arch shelter, the cistern both sides be provided with the peach cultivation container of cistern intercommunication, peach cultivation container from down up includes in proper order the matrix layer that permeates water, makes fertile matrix layer and cultivation matrix layer, and through permeate water the matrix layer with the cistern communicates with each other, the water level of cistern is in cultivation matrix layer with make more than the boundary line of fertile matrix layer above the 45% of peach cultivation container height with below the boundary line between the 30% of peach cultivation container height, consequently can make the interior peach of container through circulating soaking and drought stress, control tree vegetative growth, change endogenous hormone level and the change law in the peach fruit development, the formation of flower buds is promoted, so that dormancy can be effectively released, the forming is fast, the weight and the yield of a single fruit are improved, and the pure natural planting is realized, so that the pollution is avoided, and the quality of the product is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of an embodiment of a peach tree cultivation system provided by the present invention;

fig. 2 is a top view of an embodiment of a peach tree cultivation system provided by the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view illustrating connection among a plurality of greenhouses according to an embodiment of the peach tree cultivation system provided by the present invention;

fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a peach tree cultivation container according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The core of the utility model is to provide a peach cultivation system can effectively relieve dormancy, and it is fast to take shape, and output is high, and pure natural planting does not have the pollution moreover, improves the quality of product.

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The embodiment of the peach tree cultivation system provided by the present invention is shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of an embodiment of a peach tree cultivation system provided by the present invention, fig. 2 is a top view of an embodiment of a peach tree cultivation system provided by the present invention, fig. 3 is a schematic view of connections between a plurality of greenhouses of an embodiment of a peach tree cultivation system provided by the present invention, fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a peach tree cultivation container of an embodiment of a peach tree cultivation system provided by the present invention, wherein the peach tree cultivation system comprises a greenhouse 1, a reservoir 2 penetrating through the greenhouse 1 is provided on the ground, fish can be raised in the reservoir, better ecological cycle can be realized, a water inlet 3 and a water overflow 4 of the reservoir 2 are respectively located at two ends of the greenhouse, that is, water is introduced from a water inlet 3 of the greenhouse, then the peach tree water flows out from an overflow port 4 at the other end of the greenhouse, and enters from a water inlet of an adjacent greenhouse, and enters into each greenhouse in sequence, peach tree cultivation containers 5 communicated with the water reservoir 2 are arranged on two sides of the water reservoir 2, each peach tree cultivation container 5 comprises a water-permeable matrix layer 501, a fertilizer making matrix layer 502 and a cultivation matrix layer 503 from bottom to top in sequence, and is communicated with the water reservoir 2 through the water-permeable matrix layers 501, the water level of the water reservoir 2 is between 45% of the height of the peach tree cultivation container above a boundary line of the cultivation matrix layers 503 and the fertilizer making matrix layers 502 and 30% of the height of the peach tree cultivation container below the boundary line, further, the water level of the water reservoir 2 can be preferably on the boundary line of the cultivation matrix layers 503 and the fertilizer making matrix layers 502, and under the condition, the aim of.

It should be noted that all greenhouses can preferentially use the rainwater collected by the greenhouse, in the stepped greenhouse system, the redundant rainwater can be connected with the water inlet of the next greenhouse through the overflow hole of the previous greenhouse through the inverted siphon, and the overflow port of the last greenhouse can pump water to the reservoir at the top through the water pump, so that the interconnection and intercommunication of water among the multiple greenhouses can be realized.

As can be seen from the above description, in the embodiment of the above peach tree cultivation system provided by the present invention, since the above peach tree cultivation system comprises the reservoir formed on the ground of the greenhouse and penetrating through the greenhouse, the water inlet and the water overflow port of the reservoir are respectively located at the two ends of the greenhouse, the peach tree cultivation containers communicated with the reservoir are arranged at the two sides of the reservoir, the peach tree cultivation containers sequentially comprise the permeable matrix layer, the fertilizer making matrix layer and the cultivation matrix layer from bottom to top and are communicated with the reservoir through the permeable matrix layer, the water level of the reservoir is between 45% of the height of the peach tree cultivation container above the boundary of the cultivation matrix layer and the fertilizer making matrix layer and 30% of the height of the peach tree cultivation container below the boundary, the peach tree in the container can be subjected to cyclic water immersion and drought stress, the vegetative growth of the tree body can be controlled, the endogenous hormone, therefore, dormancy can be effectively released, the forming is fast, the weight and the yield of a single fruit are improved, and the pure natural planting is realized, so that the pollution is avoided, and the product quality is improved.

In one embodiment of the peach tree cultivation system, the height ratio of the cultivation substrate layer 503 to the fertilizing substrate layer 502 is 1: 0.55 to 1:0.70, further, the ratio can be preferably 1:0.618, namely the 'gold water level', in the planting practice, the average number of flower buds per plant in the gold water level directional branch pulling cultivation can reach 400-. The content of soluble solid is more than 10 percent, the contrast cases are 273, 3.6kg, 900kg, 37.6 percent and 9.9 percent respectively, the yield of the golden water level directional branch pulling cultivation is increased by 200 percent compared with the contrast case, the full red fruit rate is improved by 60 percent, and thus the golden water level facility cultivation changes the endogenous hormone level and the change rule thereof in the fruit development of the peaches and nectarines.

In another embodiment of the peach tree cultivation system, the cultivation substrate layer 503 may include a seedling substrate and soil, and the fertilizer making substrate layer may include crushed plant stalks, leaves, weeds, mushroom dregs, wormcast and bio-organic fertilizer. It should be noted that the traditional facility cultivation is highly intensive, and has high dependence on chemical fertilizers, but long-term single and large-scale application of chemical fertilizers can cause deterioration of physical and chemical properties and biological environment of soil in the facility, so that the tree resistance is poor, the yield is reduced, the quality is deteriorated, and nitrite pollution in water is caused, thereby endangering the ecological environment. In the embodiment, the efficient bio-organic fertilizer is used, agricultural sustainable development can be realized, humus formed in the organic fertilizer in the decomposition process is combined with inorganic colloid in the soil body to form organic-inorganic colloid complexThe soil layer can be cured by the combination body, the formation of a water-stable granular structure is promoted, the water, fertilizer, gas and heat conditions of the soil body are adjusted, and the root growth is stimulated. The organic fertilizer contains a large amount of biological beneficial bacteria, forms various natural growth factors or physiologically active substances which are required by crops and can promote the growth of the crops, such as amino acid, humic acid, nucleotide, glucose, vitamin and the like in the fermentation process, contains enzymes and the like which can inhibit plant diseases and insect pests, and has more comprehensive nutrition. The biological organic fertilizer is additionally applied, the fertilizer is reduced, and the problem of secondary salinization of soil in increasingly serious facilities can be prevented and relieved. The application of the high-efficiency organic fertilizer in the facility can increase the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, and the beneficial microorganisms can decompose harmful substances existing in the continuous cropping soil or compete with specific pathogenic bacteria for nutrition and space to reduce the number of the pathogenic bacteria, form a biological barrier at the rhizosphere and promote seedlings to generate immune function, thereby reducing the occurrence of rhizosphere diseases and effectively overcoming the continuous cropping problem in facility cultivation. The biological organic fertilizer has mineralization effect and can generate a large amount of CO in soil₂The gas can not only improve the photosynthetic efficiency of the peaches, but also play a role in loosening the soil, improving the thermal property of the soil and adjusting the temperature of the soil, so that the temperature variation of the soil is reduced; secondly, the soil color is deepened, the absorption of the soil to solar radiation energy is increased, meanwhile, a large amount of soil microorganisms breathe and release heat to improve the soil temperature, and the heat preservation performance of the soil is improved. The soil has enhanced fertilizer, water and heat preservation performance, thereby improving the soil fertility. The organic fertilizer can improve the physical properties of soil, improve microbial population structure and obviously increase the quantity of actinomycetes and bacteria; promoting the generation and growth of root systems on the surface layer (0-20 cm) of the soil, and particularly remarkably increasing the number of fine roots on the surface layer of the soil; the early-stage ground temperature is increased by 2-3 ℃, so that the temperature is coordinated with the ground temperature, the flowering is promoted to be obviously advanced compared with the germination, the phenomenon of 'bud first and flower later' is effectively avoided, and the flowering rhythm is tidy. Compared with the peach tree cultivated in the open air, the flowering and sprouting time interval of the peach tree cultivated in the facility is shortened, but the length of the single-flower flowering period is prolonged, so that the chances of pollination and fertilization are increased, the fruit setting rate is improved by 45.6%, the young shoots grow strongly, the 1 st fruit expansion period is prolonged, the hard core period of the fruits is shortened, and the fruit quality is improvedThe mature period of the fruits is advanced by l 0-12 days, the uniformity and the average single fruit weight of the fruits are improved, and the quality of the fruits is improved.

In another embodiment of the peach tree cultivation system, the water permeable matrix layer may include gravel, perlite and sand, which can ensure both water permeability and root rot, and may be selected from other types according to actual needs, without limitation.

It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the reservoir may be a reservoir for aquatic products, i.e. the reservoir is kept constantly filled with water in order to promote the beneficial ecological circulation of the fish or shrimp or other aquatic products with the peach tree. In addition, in a preferred embodiment of the peach tree cultivation system, the included angle between the side surface of the peach tree cultivation container and the vertical direction is 15 degrees to 30 degrees, which can better ensure that the peach tree is in a good basic environment, and of course, other included angles can be set according to actual needs, and are not limited herein.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a peach cultivation system, its characterized in that, includes the big-arch shelter, the subaerial cistern that runs through the big-arch shelter of having seted up of big-arch shelter, the water inlet and the gap of overflow of cistern are located respectively the both ends of big-arch shelter, the cistern both sides be provided with the peach cultivation container of cistern intercommunication, peach cultivation container is from up including the matrix layer that permeates water, making fertile matrix layer and cultivation matrix layer down in proper order, and pass through permeate water the matrix layer with the cistern communicates with each other, the water level of cistern is in cultivation matrix layer with make more than the boundary line on fertile matrix layer the peach cultivation container height 45% with below the boundary line between 30% of peach cultivation container height.

2. The peach tree cultivation system of claim 1, wherein a height ratio of the cultivation substrate layer and the fertilizing substrate layer is 1: 0.55 to 1: 0.70.

3. A peach tree cultivation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reservoir is a reservoir for aquatic products.

4. A peach tree cultivation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the side of the peach tree cultivation container is at an angle of 15 to 30 degrees to the vertical.