CN104604506A - Ancient tea rapid cultivation method - Google Patents
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- CN104604506A CN104604506A CN201510061529.9A CN201510061529A CN104604506A CN 104604506 A CN104604506 A CN 104604506A CN 201510061529 A CN201510061529 A CN 201510061529A CN 104604506 A CN104604506 A CN 104604506A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention provides an ancient tea rapid cultivation method. The method comprises the steps of 1, site selection of nursery land, wherein dry land, paddy soil land, sandy loam soil land or yellow soil land which is flat, capable of achieving drainage and irrigation, fertile, deep, good in structure and high in air permeability is selected; 2, establishment of a seedbed; 3, building of a sun shelter; 4, cuttage, wherein cutting wood is 3-4 cm long with a leaf reserved, a 100 mg/L solution is prepared with rooting powder, and the root of the cutting wood is soaked for 2 hours; 5, application of a film; 6, management of the nursery land; 7, outplanting. According to the method, female parent cultivation is not needed during cutting wood picking, and practice proves that cultivation cost is low, the basic characters of cultivated plants can be guaranteed, survival rate is high, operation is easy, cultivation time is short and is shortened by one third compared with a traditional cuttage method, and transplanting survival rate is increased especially so that requirements for storage, utilization and research of ancient tea germplasm resources can be met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the mating system of plant, particularly a kind of ancient tea tree fast breeding method.
Background technology
Ancient tea tree refers to more than growth a century, and have the veteran of certain culture background, they are the elderlys person for whom a birthday celebration is being held in tea tree family, flourishing so far, and robust growth can be rated as the rarity in ancient and well-known trees.Present artificial planting tea tree is in the asexual cuttage breeding method reproductive process of employing, and need to cultivate maternal plant garden elite stand, this is adding cultivation cost virtually; So to the ancient and well-known trees of laying special stress on protecting object, if adopt fringe advance row artificial culture, then can cause ancient tea tree and to a certain degree injure, be unfavorable for that ancient tea tree is protected.And current traditional mating system survival rate is lower, cultivation cycle is also longer.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of ancient tea tree fast breeding method, solving that current mating system cost is higher, survival rate is low and the problem such as cultivation cycle is longer.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of ancient tea tree fast breeding method, comprises the following steps of carrying out in order:
[1] nursery lot addressing: select smooth, the hidding and sunny side of physical features, can arrange can fill with, soil property is fertile, soil layer is deep, well-formed, the good nonirrigated farmland of permeability, paddy soil, sandy loam or yellow earth, its temperature should reach year-round average temperature >=14 DEG C, year effective accumulated temperature >=3500 DEG C; Tea tree nursery should not be done in same soil year after year, should with green manure and floods and droughts normal crop rotation;
[2] seedbed is set up:
A. seedbed overall ploughing: the degree of depth, at 30 more than ㎝, rear hack of turning over, to be raked; It is wide that seedbed surrounding opens 50 ㎝, the irrigation and drainage ditch that 20 ㎝ are dark; Long 15m ~ the 20m of furrow, wide 120 ㎝ of furrow, high 10 ㎝ of furrow;
B. seedbed arranges: seedbed mu is executed the cake fertilizer 100-150 ㎏ that becomes thoroughly decomposed and mixed and execute superphosphate 20 ㎏, or joins with the fertilizer of 100-150 ㎏ the import composite fertilizer executing 50 ㎏ and make base manure, fully mixes and stirs rear smooth furrow face; Spreading subsoil thereon again, cubsoil option table soil layer 30 ㎝ ~ 50 below ㎝, PH is about 4.5 ~ 5.5, not containing chad, with red soil or the yellow soil of the sieved sieve of aperture 2 ㎝ iron, evenly pave furrow face, and thickness 3-5 ㎝, after completing, pour water or water, make it fully moistening, treat slightly dry, with plank suitably beat, strike off, compacting a little;
[3] shading shed is taken: shading shed post high (2.3 ± 0.1) m, the pin of column diameter 8 ㎝ ~ 10 ㎝ or the concrete column of 13 ㎝ × 13 ㎝ do column, concrete column or pin spacing are 3m × 4m or m × 4m, with No. 10 iron wire tensions between pillar, be buried in the earth 40 ㎝, the virgin materials sunshade net ageing-resistant at the rack lid 75% ~ 85% that shades shades, and compresses;
[4] tloig-cutlage: fringe bar derives from the branch of ancient tea tree, get off by lignified branch clip, cut as 3-4cm length, leave a leaf, upper and lower clip is level and smooth, and do not hinder axillalry bud, fringe bar lower end clip is parallel with leaf growth direction, position is near node, and upper end clip should higher than axillalry bud 2 millimeters; Be mixed with 100 ㎎/L solution with root-inducing powder, fringe bar base portion soaked 2 hours, cuttage subsequently;
[5] lid film: cuttage is complete, with long 6.3 ± 0.1m, wide 1.5 ㎝ bamboo chips, take arc frame, arc frame distance from top ground level 40 ㎝, spacing 60 ± 0.1 ㎝, covered with plastic film heat and moisture preserving on bamboo canopy, and surrounding compresses;
[6] nursery bed management:
A. keep seedbed table soil moistening, do not whiten with furrow face, furrow ditch not ponding is advisable;
B. in Small plastic shed, temperature is no more than 40 DEG C, exceedes and should open wide two ends heat radiation in time, the spacious film of timing, ventilation;
C. when tea shoot has 85% ~ 95% new root to grow, start spraying fertilizer when young sprout is sprouted, first light rear dense principle, throws off Small plastic shed film, and every 20d fertilising once, based on N, P, K composite fertilizer, each consumption is 5 ㎡ ~ 8, ㎏/667 ㎏/667 ㎡;
D. cool canopy management: take off film hardening April, remove insulation film made, in mid-July, recession removes sunshade net;
E. tea shoot is pinched: mid-July, pinches when tea shoot grows to more than 20 ㎝ height, cuts 20 ㎝ with upper part, promotes branch;
[7] outplanting: plant in 10-11 in next year month lifting.
Good effect of the present invention: the present invention cultivates without the need to carrying out female parent when winning fringe bar, and through facts have proved breed cost low, can ensure to breed that plant Elemental characters, survival rate are high, simple to operate, the short more traditional cottage method shortening 1/3rd of cultivation cycle, particularly ensure the raising of transplanting survival rate, thus reach the requirement of satisfied ancient Tea Germplasm preservation and research on utilization.
Embodiment
Below to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of ancient tea tree fast breeding method, comprises the following steps of carrying out in order:
(1) nursery lot addressing:
Nursery lot preferably possesses following five conditions: (1) terrain should select that traffic convenience, physical features are smooth, hidding and sunny side, can arrange the place that can fill with.(2) soil should select soil property fertile, and soil layer is deep, well-formed, the good nonirrigated farmland of permeability, paddy soil, sandy loam or yellow earth.(3) temperature should reach year-round average temperature >=14 DEG C, year effective accumulated temperature >=3500 DEG C.(4) year-round average temperature should reach >=14 DEG C, year effective accumulated temperature >=3500 DEG C.(5) tea tree nursery should not be done in same soil year after year, should with green manure and floods and droughts normal crop rotation.
(2) seedbed is set up:
(1) seedbed overall ploughing: seedbed overall ploughing: the degree of depth, at 30 more than ㎝, rear hack of turning over, to be raked; It is wide that seedbed surrounding opens 50 ㎝, the irrigation and drainage ditch that 20 ㎝ are dark; Long 15m ~ the 20m of furrow, wide 120 ㎝ of furrow, high 10 ㎝ of furrow.(2) seedbed arranges: seedbed mu is executed the cake fertilizer 100-150 ㎏ that becomes thoroughly decomposed and mixed and execute superphosphate 20 ㎏, or joins with the fertilizer of 100-150 ㎏ the import composite fertilizer executing 50 ㎏ and make base manure, fully mixes and stirs rear smooth furrow face; Spreading subsoil thereon again, cubsoil option table soil layer 30 ㎝ ~ 50 below ㎝, PH is about 4.5 ~ 5.5, not containing chad, with red soil or the yellow soil of the sieved sieve of aperture 2 ㎝ iron, evenly pave furrow face, and thickness 3-5 ㎝, after completing, pour water or water, make it fully moistening, treat slightly dry, with plank suitably beat, strike off, compacting a little.
(3) shading shed is taken: shading shed post high (2.3 ± 0.1) m, the pin of column diameter 8 ㎝ ~ 10 ㎝ or the concrete column of 13 ㎝ × 13 ㎝ do column, concrete column or pin spacing are 3m × 4m or m × 4m, with No. 10 iron wire tensions between pillar, be buried in the earth 40 ㎝, the virgin materials sunshade net ageing-resistant at the rack lid 75% ~ 85% that shades shades, and compresses;
(4) fringe bar clip: fringe bar derives from the branch of the ancient tea tree in Mount Fanjing region, namely lignified branch clip gets off, cut as 3-4cm, leave a leaf, upper and lower clip is level and smooth, and do not hinder axillalry bud, cuttings lower end clip is parallel with leaf growth direction, position is near node, and upper end clip should higher than axillalry bud 2 millimeters.Fringe bar branch should keep fresh, and its quality standard preferably meets table 1 set quota.Be mixed with 100 ㎎/L solution with root-inducing powder, fringe bar base portion is soaked 2 hours, fringe bar, with cutting with inserting, being cut and being finished the same day same day.
Table 1 fringe bar quality index
(5) cottage method: the tloig-cutlage time be August ~ October, temperature, at 20-30 DEG C, specifically should be determined according to temperature.Should fully sprinkle water in the front seedbed of cuttage, after oozing under moisture through 2-3 hour, soil is in " wetting and do not glue "; During cuttage, pinch short fringe upper end with thumb and forefinger, in vertical insertion soil, expose petiole and axillalry bud; Limit insert edge finger is by fringe bar base portion soil compaction, and fine day carries out before at 11 in the morning or when afternoon, sunlight turned weak, and after inserting, watering is shaded in time.Spacing in the rows 1.2 ㎝ ~ 1.8 ㎝, line-spacing is 8-10 centimetre, is advisable so that the blade of front and rear row is not overlapping.
(6) lid film: cuttage is complete, with long 6.3 ± 0.1m, wide 1.5 ㎝ bamboo chips, take arc frame, arc frame distance from top ground level 40 ㎝, spacing 60 ± 0.1 ㎝, covered with plastic film heat and moisture preserving on bamboo canopy, and surrounding compresses;
(7) nursery bed management: six aspect management are preferably carried out in nursery: (1) water management: keep seedbed table soil moistening, do not whiten with furrow face, furrow ditch not ponding is advisable.(2) temperature treatment: in Small plastic shed, temperature is no more than 40 DEG C, exceedes and should open wide two ends heat radiation in time, the spacious film of timing, ventilation.(3) fertilizing management: when tea shoot has 85% ~ 95% new root to grow, starts spraying fertilizer when young sprout is sprouted, first light rear dense principle, Small plastic shed film is thrown off, every 20d fertilising once, based on N, P, K composite fertilizer, each consumption is 5 ㎡ ~ 8, ㎏/667 ㎏/667 ㎡.(4) weeding is except flower bud: artificial removal's weeds in field, prevents weeds and tea shoot to win honour for fertilizer; Weeding can be carried out after cuttage rooting, sees that grass just pulls out, accomplish except early, except little, except; During weeding, hand is pinned the earth on careless limit, water once after weeding, tea shoot root system and soil are close to.When bud appears in tea shoot, must extract gently in time with hand.(5) cool canopy management: take off film hardening April, remove insulation film made, in mid-July, recession removes sunshade net.(5) tea shoot is pinched: mid-July, pinches when tea shoot grows to more than 20 ㎝ height, cuts off 20 ㎝ with upper part, promotes branch.(6) anti-worm of curing the disease: after tloig-cutlage, first sprays a concentration 0.7% lime half amount formula bordeaux mixture, and notices that disease worm is observed, timely with medicament control after finding disease worm; April ~ September, the insect pests such as keypoint control smaller green leaf hopper, mite class.
(8) outplanting: in Mount Fanjing region, ancient Tea Clone cutting propagation tea shoot is planted in 10-11 in next year month lifting, and seedling quality preferably meets table 2 requirement.
Table 2 ancient tea tree seedling quality standard
Above-describedly be only the preferred embodiments of the present invention; be understood that; the explanation of above embodiment just understands method of the present invention and core concept thereof for helping; the protection domain be not intended to limit the present invention; all any amendments, equivalent replacement etc. made within thought of the present invention and principle, all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. an ancient tea tree fast breeding method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps of carrying out in order:
[1] nursery lot addressing: select smooth, the hidding and sunny side of physical features, can arrange can fill with, soil property is fertile, soil layer is deep, well-formed, the good nonirrigated farmland of permeability, paddy soil, sandy loam or yellow earth, its temperature should reach year-round average temperature >=14 DEG C, year effective accumulated temperature >=3500 DEG C; Tea tree nursery should not be done in same soil year after year, should with green manure and floods and droughts normal crop rotation.
[2] seedbed is set up:
A. seedbed overall ploughing: the degree of depth, at 30 more than ㎝, rear hack of turning over, to be raked; It is wide that seedbed surrounding opens 50 ㎝, the irrigation and drainage ditch that 20 ㎝ are dark; Long 15m ~ the 20m of furrow, wide 120 ㎝ of furrow, high 10 ㎝ of furrow;
B. seedbed arranges: seedbed mu is executed the cake fertilizer 100-150 ㎏ that becomes thoroughly decomposed and mixed and execute superphosphate 20 ㎏, or joins with the fertilizer of 100-150 ㎏ the import composite fertilizer executing 50 ㎏ and make base manure, fully mixes and stirs rear smooth furrow face; Spreading subsoil thereon again, cubsoil option table soil layer 30 ㎝ ~ 50 below ㎝, PH is about 4.5 ~ 5.5, not containing chad, with red soil or the yellow soil of the sieved sieve of aperture 2 ㎝ iron, evenly pave furrow face, and thickness 3-5 ㎝, after completing, pour water or water, make it fully moistening, treat slightly dry, with plank suitably beat, strike off, compacting a little;
[3] shading shed is taken: shading shed post high (2.3 ± 0.1) m, the pin of column diameter 8 ㎝ ~ 10 ㎝ or the concrete column of 13 ㎝ × 13 ㎝ do column, concrete column or pin spacing are 3m × 4m or m × 4m, with No. 10 iron wire tensions between pillar, be buried in the earth 40 ㎝, the virgin materials sunshade net ageing-resistant at the rack lid 75% ~ 85% that shades shades, and compresses;
[4] tloig-cutlage: fringe bar derives from the branch of ancient tea tree, get off by lignified branch clip, cut as 3-4cm length, leave a leaf, upper and lower clip is level and smooth, and do not hinder axillalry bud, fringe bar lower end clip is parallel with leaf growth direction, position is near node, and upper end clip should higher than axillalry bud 2 millimeters; Be mixed with 100 ㎎/L solution with root-inducing powder, fringe bar base portion soaked 2 hours, cuttage subsequently;
[5] lid film: cuttage is complete, with long 6.3 ± 0.1m, wide 1.5 ㎝ bamboo chips, take arc frame, arc frame distance from top ground level 40 ㎝, spacing 60 ± 0.1 ㎝, covered with plastic film heat and moisture preserving on bamboo canopy, and surrounding compresses;
[6] nursery bed management:
A. keep seedbed table soil moistening, do not whiten with furrow face, furrow ditch not ponding is advisable;
B. in Small plastic shed, temperature is no more than 40 DEG C, exceedes and should open wide two ends heat radiation in time, the spacious film of timing, ventilation;
C. when tea shoot has 85% ~ 95% new root to grow, start spraying fertilizer when young sprout is sprouted, first light rear dense principle, throws off Small plastic shed film, and every 20d fertilising once, based on N, P, K composite fertilizer, each consumption is 5 ㎡ ~ 8, ㎏/667 ㎏/667 ㎡;
D. cool canopy management: take off film hardening April, remove insulation film made, in mid-July, recession removes sunshade net;
E. tea shoot is pinched: mid-July, pinches when tea shoot grows to more than 20 ㎝ height, cuts 20 ㎝ with upper part, promotes branch;
[7] outplanting: plant in 10-11 in next year month lifting.
2. the ancient tea tree fast breeding method of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step [4], the fringe bar standard of clip is as in the table below:
3. the ancient tea tree fast breeding method of one according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step [7], the Seedling Criterion of lifting is as following table:
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Cited By (13)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105052449A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-18 | 福建柘参种业有限公司 | Method for remarkably increasing survival rate of plant seedling raising via cutting |
| CN105794567A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-07-27 | 信阳农林学院 | Ancient tea tree breeding method |
| CN105850481A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-08-17 | 安徽省无为县鼎兴园艺有限责任公司 | Rapid rooting method for camellia in cuttage mode |
| CN106106003A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2016-11-16 | 广西壮族自治区桂林茶叶科学研究所 | A kind of mating system of YESHENG CHA nursery stock |
| CN106171349A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-12-07 | 合肥槟阳农业科技有限公司 | One utilizes Shading net covering to promote Flower Bud Differentiation of Strawberry method |
| CN108283067A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-07-17 | 日照市御园春茶业有限公司 | Promote the method for tea cutting seedling growth |
| CN108684407A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2018-10-23 | 四川米仓山茶业集团有限公司 | Tea tree Duan Miho cuttage raise seedling techniques and its specific garden management method |
| CN108812012A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-16 | 广西金秀瑶族自治县新元茶业有限公司 | A kind of mating system of white beef tea |
| CN109041837A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-12-21 | 江西省遂川县狗牯脑茶厂 | Tea tree single node cutting breeding method |
| CN109863931A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-06-11 | 贵州玉堂春农业发展有限责任公司 | A kind of propagation method of Gu tea tree |
| CN110637621A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-01-03 | 贵州省王母铁红茶业开发有限公司 | Eight-step tea cutting seedling cultivation method |
| CN113179840A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-30 | 滨州黄河三角洲高效生态产业现代技术研究院 | Method for rapidly cultivating willow big crown original crown engineering seedlings by minimally invasive technology |
| CN113678652A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-11-23 | 广东绿湖园艺股份有限公司 | Cutting seedling method of ancient tea trees |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105052449A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-18 | 福建柘参种业有限公司 | Method for remarkably increasing survival rate of plant seedling raising via cutting |
| CN105794567A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-07-27 | 信阳农林学院 | Ancient tea tree breeding method |
| CN105850481A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-08-17 | 安徽省无为县鼎兴园艺有限责任公司 | Rapid rooting method for camellia in cuttage mode |
| CN105850481B (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2018-11-13 | 安徽省无为县鼎兴园艺有限责任公司 | A kind of method of camellia cuttage Rapid Rooting |
| CN106171349A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-12-07 | 合肥槟阳农业科技有限公司 | One utilizes Shading net covering to promote Flower Bud Differentiation of Strawberry method |
| CN106106003A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2016-11-16 | 广西壮族自治区桂林茶叶科学研究所 | A kind of mating system of YESHENG CHA nursery stock |
| CN108684407A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2018-10-23 | 四川米仓山茶业集团有限公司 | Tea tree Duan Miho cuttage raise seedling techniques and its specific garden management method |
| CN108283067A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-07-17 | 日照市御园春茶业有限公司 | Promote the method for tea cutting seedling growth |
| CN108283067B (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2021-04-13 | 日照市御园春茶业股份有限公司 | Method for promoting growth of tea tree cutting seedlings |
| CN108812012A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-16 | 广西金秀瑶族自治县新元茶业有限公司 | A kind of mating system of white beef tea |
| CN109041837A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-12-21 | 江西省遂川县狗牯脑茶厂 | Tea tree single node cutting breeding method |
| CN109863931A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-06-11 | 贵州玉堂春农业发展有限责任公司 | A kind of propagation method of Gu tea tree |
| CN110637621A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-01-03 | 贵州省王母铁红茶业开发有限公司 | Eight-step tea cutting seedling cultivation method |
| CN113179840A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-30 | 滨州黄河三角洲高效生态产业现代技术研究院 | Method for rapidly cultivating willow big crown original crown engineering seedlings by minimally invasive technology |
| CN113678652A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-11-23 | 广东绿湖园艺股份有限公司 | Cutting seedling method of ancient tea trees |
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