CN113179840A - Method for rapidly cultivating willow big crown original crown engineering seedlings by minimally invasive technology - Google Patents
Method for rapidly cultivating willow big crown original crown engineering seedlings by minimally invasive technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN113179840A CN113179840A CN202110484212.1A CN202110484212A CN113179840A CN 113179840 A CN113179840 A CN 113179840A CN 202110484212 A CN202110484212 A CN 202110484212A CN 113179840 A CN113179840 A CN 113179840A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of seedling cultivation, in particular to a method for quickly cultivating willow big crown original crown engineering seedlings by utilizing a minimally invasive technology, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a nursery; (2) arranging nursery lands; (3) seed strip selection and collection; (4) preparing cutting slips; (5) cutting and raising seedlings; (6) cultivating and managing; (7) processing by a minimally invasive technique; (8) d, outplanting the nursery stock; the method comprises the steps of designing cuttage density according to the specification of cultivation of commercial seedlings, wherein the cuttage row spacing is 200-250 cm, and the plant spacing is 200-250 cm; the willow seedlings bred by cutting do not need secondary transplanting and stem cutting and cap growing, and are directly cultivated into commodity willows, so that the rapid growth of seedlings is facilitated, and the cultivation period is shortened; the position thickness of the pruning cut is not more than 0.5cm by the minimally invasive technology treatment, the whole seedling has no wound and scar, and the disease resistance, insect resistance and wind resistance of the seedling are enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seedling cultivation, in particular to a method for quickly cultivating willow big crown original crown engineering seedlings by a minimally invasive technology.
Background
Willow is deciduous and broad-leaved tree of Salix in Salicaceae, has beautiful tree appearance, developed root system, rapid growth, easy reproduction, wide distribution and strong stress resistance, has the effects of improving alkali, treating water, preventing wind, fixing sand, beautifying environment and improving nature, and has wide application prospect in water and soil conservation, saline-alkali soil improvement, heavy metal contaminated soil and water body restoration, urban landscaping, industrial forest construction and energy forest construction, etc. In particular, the transplanting of the big willow seedlings is easy to survive and quick in effect, and is often adopted in greening engineering. However, the method for cultivating the big crown seedlings in the market at present is a stem cutting cultivation method, namely, the seedlings are cut at a preset stem height and a height position after a branch zone is left, and the stem cutting cultivation method has the following problems: firstly, the nursery stock needs to be transplanted for the second time before being outplanted, the cultivation period of the nursery stock is long, and the cultivation period of the nursery stock is long, wherein the cultivation period is at least 5 years for cultivating the cut-stem willow nursery stock with the diameter at breast height of 8 cm; secondly, the cut-off wound is large, the cut-off wound can not heal up when a rainy season comes, even can not heal up for 3 to 4 years, the invasion of plant diseases and insect pests is serious, the tree vigor is weak, and the service life is shortened; thirdly, the main lateral branches of the willows cultivated by the trunk cutting method are easy to wind and break, and the formed greening engineering landscape effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of long cultivation period and large trunk cutting wound existing in trunk cutting cultivation of the engineering willow seedling in the prior art, the invention provides a method for quickly cultivating the engineering willow big crown seedling by utilizing a minimally invasive technology, secondary transplanting and trunk cutting cap launching are not needed in the method, the cultivation of the engineering willow big crown seedling with the diameter at breast height of 8cm only needs 3 years, and the cultivation period of the seedling is greatly shortened; after the treatment by the minimally invasive technology, the whole seedling has no wound and scar, and the commodity, disease resistance, insect resistance and wind resistance of the seedling are obviously enhanced.
The invention provides a method for rapidly cultivating willow big crown original crown engineering seedlings by utilizing a minimally invasive technology, which comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery selection
Selecting a land block with flat terrain, loose soil, higher fertility, watering condition and convenient traffic as a nursery garden;
(2) nursery garden arrangement
Arranging nursery gardens and ditches according to seedling raising targets and test planning to reach the standards of drought energy irrigation and waterlogging energy drainage, uniformly scattering fertilizers on the ground surface, mechanically rotary tillage or deep ploughing for 25-30 cm, leveling the land, and paving a plastic black mulching film on the ground surface of the planting rows of the cuttings;
(3) seed selection and collection
Selecting seedling stems of annual willows which are robust in growth, good in lignification, free of diseases and insect pests and free of mechanical damage as cutting seed strips, collecting the seed strips in the dormant period of the early spring willows, and soaking the lower ends of the collected seed strips in water for later use;
(4) preparation of cutting slips
When preparing cutting slips, removing parts with insufficient shoot tissues and poor lignification degree of the seed branches, selecting seedling stems with the thickness of 1.5-2 cm, respectively shearing the seedling stems into cutting slips with the thickness of 12-17 cm, respectively cutting the upper cuts 1-1.5 cm away from the uppermost buds, cutting the cuts smoothly, cutting the lower cuts 1-1.5 cm away from the lowermost buds, truncating the upper and lower ends, grading according to the thickness, respectively placing the cutting slips at the upper, middle and lower parts of the seedling stem with the same thickness, bundling the cutting slips into a bundle according to 30-50 ears, placing the bundle in a shady place, and using wet sand for standby;
(5) cutting seedling raising
After the soil is thawed in spring, before the seedlings do not sprout, the hard branch cutting propagation is carried out by utilizing the seedling stems, during cutting, the seedlings are cut after rain or when the soil is irrigated in advance and the moisture content is good, the seedlings are respectively cut and separately grown according to the classification of the cutting slips strictly, and the phenomenon that the sizes of the seedlings are not uniform is avoided; cutting according to the cutting density according to the standard for cultivating commercial seedlings, wherein the cutting row spacing is 200-250 cm, and the plant spacing is 200-250 cm; vertically inserting the cutting with the big head facing downwards and the small head facing upwards into the soil; trampling during cuttage, wherein the buds at the upper end just expose out of the ground after watering, and the buds expose out 1-1.5 cm;
(6) cultivation management
Timely final singling, wherein when the tender branches of the cutting shoot grow to 15-20 cm, the final singling is intensively carried out, each plant selects and remains a strong and upright branch as the trunk of the willow, and the rest tender branches are all cut from the base of the germinated branch of the cutting shoot;
(7) minimally invasive technical treatment
When the trunk of the willow grows to 2.8-3.0 m, manual topping is carried out to limit the growth of terminal buds, and the height of the willow is reasonably controlled; under the condition that the growth of lateral branches affects the crown type, the branches need to be trimmed in time, the uniformity of the crown is kept, the thickening of the trunk and the growth of the crown are promoted, the position thickness of a pruning trunk trimming cut is not more than 0.5cm, the trimming cut needs to be smooth, and splitting is strictly prevented;
(8) nursery for nursery of nursery stock
When the breast diameter of the willow in the nursery land is 6-8 cm, the standard of outplanting the big-crown full-crown greening nursery stock is achieved, and when the willow is outplanted, the big-crown full-crown willow seedling is transported to a greening construction site for planting according to the conventional transplanting method and standard of the willow.
Further, after a plastic black mulching film is laid, a soil pressing film with the thickness of 2-3 cm is covered, the soil covering area reaches more than 60%, and the purposes of wind prevention, moisture preservation, temperature improvement and weeding are achieved.
Further, the thickness of the plastic black mulching film in the step (2) is 0.03-0.05 mm. Can preserve heat and moisture, improve the growth environment of the root system and effectively prevent the harm of diseases, insects and weeds.
Further, the fertilizer in the step (2) is one or more of a soil mixed fertilizer, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer or diammonium phosphate.
Furthermore, the diameter at breast height of the annual willow seedling in the step (3) is 1.5-2 cm, and the cuttage survival rate is high.
Further, the cutting mode in the step (5) is straight cutting or oblique cutting, and straight cutting is preferred.
Further, the row spacing of the cuttage in the step (5) is 230cm, and the plant spacing is 200 cm. The planting density is determined according to the specification of the cultivated commodity seedling, the willow seedling after cuttage propagation does not need secondary transplanting and stem cutting and cap raising, the engineering seedling is directly cultivated, the seedling is cultivated to the mature seedling in one step, and the willow cutting shoot can be rapidly cultivated into the high-quality big crown original crown landscape seedling required by the engineering.
Further, the step (5) also comprises the steps of watering, then covering soil at the seam, and after watering, timely checking the state of the cutting slips, and if exposed, not loosening the soil; after the cutting slips are inserted into the ground, the cutting slips are positioned in cracks due to first watering, if exposed, the cutting slips need to be covered with soil and repaired in time, the cutting slips do not loosen the soil, and once the cutting slips are touched, the cutting slips cannot survive.
Further, the step (6) also comprises fertilizer and water management, and during the growth period of the nursery stock, the standard of the conventional nursery stock is referred, and the fertilizer and the water are applied and watered at proper time to meet the normal growth requirement of the nursery stock.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method comprises the steps of designing cuttage density according to the specification of cultivation of commercial seedlings, wherein the cuttage row spacing is 200-250 cm, and the plant spacing is 200-250 cm; the willow seedlings bred by cutting do not need secondary transplanting and stem cutting and cap growing, and are directly bred into willows, so that the rapid growth of seedlings is facilitated, and the breeding period is shortened; the position thickness of the pruning cut is not more than 0.5cm by the minimally invasive technology treatment, the whole seedling has no wound and scar, and the disease resistance, insect resistance and wind resistance of the seedling are enhanced; the fixed stem height of the willow at the seedling stage can reduce the waste of photosynthetic active substances of the willow, promote the rapid growth of the willow and increase the additional value of single seedlings;
(2) compared with the conventional method for culturing the big-crown willow seedlings, the method has the advantages that the secondary transplantation of the willow seedlings bred by cutting is not needed, the rapid growth of seedlings is facilitated, and the culture period of the seedlings is shortened; the nursery stock does not need to cut a trunk and a cap, the position thickness of a pruning cut is not more than 0.5cm through minimally invasive technology treatment, no scar is left on the whole tree, not only can a good original crown tree shape of the nursery stock of the willow be shaped, but also the damage to the willow can be reduced, and the cutting shoot of the willow can be quickly cultivated into a high-quality large-crown original crown engineering seedling required by greening engineering.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for rapidly cultivating willow big crown original crown engineering seedlings by utilizing a minimally invasive technology comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery selection
Selecting a land block with flat terrain, loose soil, higher fertility, watering condition and convenient traffic as a nursery garden;
(2) nursery garden arrangement
According to the seedling raising target and experimental planning, nurseries and ditches are tidied to reach the standard of drought irrigation and waterlogging drainage, 2500kg of mixed soil fertilizer, 40kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 35kg of diammonium phosphate are applied to each mu of the nurseries, after the fertilizers are uniformly spread on the ground surface, the mechanical rotary tillage is carried out for 25cm, after the land is leveled, a plastic black mulching film with the thickness of 0.03mm is paved on the ground surface of the planting rows of the cutting, a soil pressing film with the thickness of 2cm is covered, the soil covering area reaches more than 60%, and the purposes of wind prevention, moisture preservation, temperature increase and weeding are achieved;
(3) seed selection and collection
Selecting annual big crown willow seedling stems which are robust in growth, good in lignification, free of diseases and insect pests and mechanical damage and have the diameter at breast height of 1.5-2 cm as cutting seed strips, collecting the seed strips in the dormancy stage of the early spring willow, namely collecting the seed strips before the early spring willow sap flows, and immediately soaking the lower ends of the collected seed strips into water for later use;
(4) preparation of cutting slips
When preparing cutting slips, removing parts with insufficient shoot tissues and poor lignification degree of the seed branches, selecting seedling trunks with the thickness of 1.5-2 cm, respectively cutting into cutting slips of 15cm, wherein the upper incision is 1cm away from the first bud, the incision is smooth, the lower incision is 1cm away from the lowest bud, the upper end and the lower end are truncated, then grading according to the thickness, respectively placing the cutting slips at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the seedling trunk with the same thickness, bundling the cutting slips into a bundle according to 30 ears, placing the bundle in a shady place, and using wet sand for standby;
(5) cutting seedling raising
After soil is thawed in spring and before the seedlings germinate, hard branch cutting propagation is carried out by utilizing the seedling stems, cutting is carried out by adopting an artificial direct cutting mode, cutting is carried out after rain or when soil moisture is well irrigated in advance during cutting, cutting is respectively carried out according to the classification of cutting slips strictly, seedling is separately raised, and the phenomenon that the sizes of the seedlings are not uniform is avoided; performing cuttage seedling raising according to the standard for cultivating commercial seedlings, wherein the cuttage density is 145 plants/mu, the cuttage row spacing is 230cm, and the plant spacing is 200 cm; vertically inserting the cutting with the big head facing downwards and the small head facing upwards into the soil; trampling during cuttage, wherein the buds at the upper end just expose 1cm of the ground after watering; after watering, covering soil at the seams, and after watering, timely checking the state of the cutting slips, and if exposed, timely covering the soil; after the cutting slips are inserted into the ground, the cutting slips are positioned in cracks due to first watering, so that the cutting slips are dehydrated and dead without loosening the soil, and once the cutting slips are touched, the cutting slips cannot survive;
(6) cultivation management
In the seedling growth period, the standard of the conventional seedlings is referred, and the fertilizer and the water are applied and watered in time to meet the normal growth requirement of the seedlings; timely final singling, wherein when the tender branches of the cutting shoot grow to 15-20 cm, the final singling is intensively carried out, each plant selects and remains a strong and upright branch as the trunk of the willow, and the rest tender branches are all cut from the base of the germinated branch of the cutting shoot;
(7) minimally invasive technical treatment
When the trunk of the willow grows to 3.0m, manual topping is carried out to limit the growth of terminal buds, and the height of the willow is reasonably controlled; under the condition that the growth of a lateral branch affects the crown type, the branch needs to be trimmed in time, the uniformity of a crown is kept, the thickening of a trunk and the growth of the crown are promoted, the position thickness of a pruning cut is not more than 0.5cm, the trimming cut needs to be smooth, and splitting is strictly prevented;
(8) nursery for nursery of nursery stock
When the breast diameter of the willow in the nursery land is 8cm, the standard of outplanting the big crown full-crown greening nursery stock is achieved, and willow seedlings can be sequentially outplanted in batches from 10 th month later to the next 4 months. When the willow leaves the garden, the big crown full-crown willow seedlings are transported to a greening construction site for planting according to the conventional transplanting method and standard of the willow.
Comparative example 1
Cutting seedling and later management are carried out according to the traditional stem cutting cultivation method, which mainly comprises the following steps:
carrying out hardwood cutting propagation by utilizing seedling trunks after soil is unfrozen in spring and before seed strips germinate, wherein the cutting density is 6600 plants/mu, the cutting row spacing is 50cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm; in the next 3 months, performing diluted seedling transplanting, wherein the transplanting density is 145 plants/mu, the row spacing is 230cm, and the plant spacing is 200cm, and the diluted seedling transplanting method is performed according to the conventional cultivation method of willows; cutting off a dry hair cap when the breast diameter of the willow in the garden grows to 6-8 cm; and then, continuing to cultivate for 1-2 years, and after the standard of outplanting the big-crown willow seedlings is reached, transporting the big-crown willow seedlings to a greening construction site for planting according to the conventional transplanting method and standard of willows.
Test example 1
And (3) characterizing the growth and commodity of the willow aiming at different treatment modes. The results are shown in Table 1.
According to the method, the cuttage density is designed according to the specification of the cultivated commercial seedlings, namely the cuttage row spacing is 200-250 cm, and the plant spacing is 200-250 cm; the willow seedlings bred by cutting do not need to be transplanted for the second time, and are directly cultivated into willows, so that the rapid growth of seedlings is facilitated, and the cultivation period is shortened; the nursery stock does not need to cut the trunk and the hair cap, the position thickness of the pruning, trunk trimming and cutting opening is not more than 0.5cm through the minimally invasive technology treatment, the whole nursery stock has no wound and scar, and the disease resistance, the insect resistance and the wind resistance of the nursery stock are enhanced; the fixed stem height of the willow at the seedling stage can reduce the waste of photosynthetic active substances of the willow, promote the rapid growth of the willow and increase the added value of single seedlings.
Compared with the conventional method for culturing the willow big crown seedlings, the method does not need to cut off the stems, has no scars on the whole tree, can not only shape the good original crown tree shape of the willow seedlings, but also reduce the damage to the willows, and can also quickly culture the willow cuttings into high-quality big crown original crown engineering seedlings required by greening engineering. For example, in the new area of Xiongan of China, 26 tens of thousands of tree seedlings are planted in 2018 in 12 months, all the tree seedlings are original crown seedlings, no cut-off seedlings are planted, so that a front curtain of the original crown seedlings needed by greening engineering is opened, meanwhile, the landscape effect of the greening engineering requires instant effect, and the cultivation of the original crown seedlings of big crown is just the main development direction of the seedlings for landscaping engineering.
Although the present invention has been described in detail by way of preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be made on the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention/any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for rapidly cultivating willow big crown original crown engineering seedlings by using a minimally invasive technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) nursery selection
Selecting a land block with flat terrain, loose soil, higher fertility, watering condition and convenient traffic as a nursery garden;
(2) nursery garden arrangement
Arranging nursery gardens and ditches according to seedling raising targets and test planning to reach the standards of drought energy irrigation and waterlogging energy drainage, uniformly scattering fertilizers on the ground surface, mechanically rotary tillage or deep ploughing for 25-30 cm, leveling the land, and paving a plastic black mulching film on the ground surface of the planting rows of the cuttings;
(3) seed selection and collection
Selecting seedling stems of annual willows which are robust in growth, good in lignification, free of diseases and insect pests and free of mechanical damage as cutting seed strips, collecting the seed strips in the dormant period of the early spring willows, and soaking the lower ends of the collected seed strips in water for later use;
(4) preparation of cutting slips
When preparing cutting slips, removing parts with insufficient shoot tissues and poor lignification degree of the seed branches, selecting seedling stems with the thickness of 1.5-2 cm, respectively cutting the seedling stems into cutting slips with the thickness of 12-17 cm, respectively cutting the upper cuts 1-1.5 cm away from the buds at the upper ends, smoothing the cuts, cutting the lower cuts 1-1.5 cm away from the buds at the lower ends, truncating the upper and lower ends, grading according to the thickness, respectively placing the cutting slips at the upper, middle and lower parts of the seedling stems with the same thickness, bundling the cutting slips into a bundle according to 30-50 ears, and tidying the bundle for later use by wet sand at the shady place;
(5) cutting seedling raising
After the soil is thawed in spring, before the seed strips do not sprout, the seedling stems are utilized for hard branch cutting propagation, during cutting, the seedlings are cut after rain or when the soil is irrigated in advance and the moisture content is good, and the seedlings are respectively cut and separately raised strictly according to the classification of the cutting shoots; cutting according to the cutting density according to the standard for cultivating commercial seedlings, wherein the cutting row spacing is 200-250 cm, and the plant spacing is 200-250 cm; vertically inserting the cutting with the big head facing downwards and the small head facing upwards into the soil; trampling during cuttage, and exposing the buds at the upper end to the ground for 1-1.5 cm after watering;
(6) cultivation management
Timely final singling, wherein when the tender branches of the cutting shoot grow to 15-20 cm, the final singling is intensively carried out, each plant selects and remains a strong and upright branch as the trunk of the willow, and the rest tender branches are all cut from the base of the germinated branch of the cutting shoot;
(7) minimally invasive technical treatment
When the trunk of the willow grows to 2.8-3.0 m, manual topping is carried out to limit the growth of terminal buds, and the height of the willow is reasonably controlled; under the condition that the growth of a lateral branch affects the crown type, the branch needs to be trimmed in time, the uniformity of a crown is kept, the thickening of a trunk and the growth of the crown are promoted, the position thickness of a pruning cut is not more than 0.5cm, the trimming cut needs to be smooth, and splitting is strictly prevented;
(8) nursery for nursery of nursery stock
When the breast diameter of the willow in the nursery land is 6-8 cm, the tree reaches the standard of outplanting of the big-crown full-crown greening nursery, and the willow is planted according to the conventional transplanting method and the standard outplanting of the willow.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) further comprises covering a soil pressing film with the thickness of 2-3 cm after the plastic black mulching film is laid.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the plastic black plastic film in the step (2) is 0.03-0.05 mm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the fertilizer in step (2) is one or more of a miscellaneous fertilizer, a nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer or diammonium phosphate.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the diameter at breast height of the annual willow seedling in step (3) is 1.5-2 cm.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the cuttings in the step (5) is 230cm, and the plant spacing is 200 cm.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (5) further comprises the steps of covering soil on the joints after watering, timely checking the state of the cuttings after watering, and timely covering the soil if the cuttings are exposed, and not loosening the soil.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (6) further comprises management of fertilizer and water, and during the growth period of the nursery stock, the nursery stock is timely fertilized and watered according to the standard of a conventional nursery stock, so that the normal growth requirement of the nursery stock is met.
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