JP2019170179A - Seedling raising method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a seedling raising method capable of efficiently and inexpensively raising a seedling on which a sufficiently grown root clump is formed with high fixation ratio after planting.SOLUTION: The seedling raising method for raising a seedling on a container for forming root clump uses a delayed effective fertilizer as a fertilizer to be put into the container, the delayed effective fertilizer has a fertilizer response period in which a fertilizer is eluted being shorter than a seedling raising period in the container, thereby providing a period in which a fertilizer is short in a latter half of the raising period.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for raising seedlings having good rhizome development.

  For the purpose of forest conservation such as the production of timber used for industrial activities, stabilization of the ground and securing of water resources, transplanting trees to the target mountainous areas and parks has been done conventionally, usually The seedlings are sown and grown to a certain size, and the obtained seedlings are transferred to the target area for planting.

  In addition, as a seedling raising method, seedling or transplanting separately germinated shoots in a seedling container with fertilizer and soil spread, and in an appropriate environment until sufficient root pots are formed in the container A method for growing seedlings by using a method (see Patent Document 1 and the like) and a method for mass-producing seedlings at low cost by planting seedlings in a soil mainly composed of vermiculite at a low cost (see Patent Document 2) Etc. are conventionally known.

Japanese Patent No. 4757084 JP2015-146743A

  In the seedling raising method of the above-mentioned document 1, it is possible to easily grow a seedling for planting in which a root pot is formed. However, especially when the seedling is a first year, the height of the seedling and the development of the root pot are insufficient. The seedling rate that shows the proportion of seedlings satisfying the specified standard is low, and when the seedlings are in the second grade, there is a problem that it takes time and cost to grow seedlings while improving the seedling rate, In the seedling raising method of the above-mentioned document 2, seedlings for planting can be efficiently grown in large quantities, but there is a problem that the fixing rate after transplanting the obtained seedlings may not be sufficient.

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a seedling raising method capable of efficiently and inexpensively growing seedlings in which a well-developed above-ground part (stems and branches) and root pots having good rooting ratio and growth after planting are formed. It is an issue.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, first, in the seedling raising method for growing seedlings in a container for forming a root pot, using a fertilizer adjustment type fertilizer as a fertilizer to be put together with the soil in the container, the fertilization adjustment type The fertilizer is characterized in that a fertilizer deficiency period is provided in the latter half of the seedling period by using a fertilizer that has a fertilization period shorter than the seedling period in the container.

  Second, it is characterized in that an annual seedling is grown by transplanting a seedling or a separately germinated seedling into the container.

  3rdly, the said fertilization effect adjustment type fertilizer used the thing of the fertilization effect period about 160-200 days, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  4thly, the said fertilizer adjustment type fertilizer is characterized by mixing and using the thing with a fertilization period of about 80-120 days.

  Fifth, the fertilizer to be put into the container is characterized in that no additional fertilization is performed only with the fertilization effect adjustment type fertilizer to be fed at the start of seedling raising.

  Sixth, in a container where a single seedling is grown, 150 to 300 cc of soil and the fertilizer with adjusted fertilizer configured to have a nitrogen content of 0.2 to 0.8 g were charged. It is characterized by that.

  Seventhly, a second-year seedling is grown by transplanting a first-year seedling grown in a nursery into the container.

  Eighth, the above-mentioned soil is characterized by using a mixture of coco pate or coco pate old, pearlite, and kanuma earth so that the ratio is 3 to 7: 1 to 4: 1 to 4. .

  According to the seedling raising method described above, by using a fertilizer adjustment-type fertilizer as a fertilizer that is put together with the soil in the container, by providing a period in which a large amount of fertilizer is not supplied to the seedling, the root pot is sufficiently developed and planted. It has been found that seedlings with good settlement rate and growth can be easily and inexpensively raised.

It is the flowchart which showed from the raising of the seedling based on this invention to distribution. It is the principal part sectional side view which showed a part of container for raising seedlings. An example of the above-ground standard of a seedling and the root pot standard is shown. (A) thru | or (C) is the graph compared for every fertilization period of the fertilization adjustment type fertilizer which mixed the height of the saplings measured in the growth process after planting of the saplings as the original fertilizer with the cultivation soil. (A) is a graph showing the above-ground standard number rate, (B) is a graph showing the root pot standard number rate, and (C) is a graph showing the seedling yield. (A) is the graph which showed the period elution rate and the cumulative elution rate at the time of using the fertilization effect type | mold fertilizer whose fertilization period is 160-200 days, (B) is a fertilization period 160-200. It is the graph which showed the period elution rate and cumulative elution rate at the time of using the fertilizer which combined the day and the fertilization effect type fertilizer of 80-120 days.

  As a result of intensive studies, the inventors of the present invention have developed a fertilizer effect adjustment type fertilizer in which the fertilizer continues to elute little by little as a fertilizer to be put into the seedling container when raising the seedling in the seedling container (container) 2 (Slow-acting fertilizer) 3, the fertilization period during which elution of fertilizer from the fertilizer-adjustable fertilizer 3 continues is shorter than the seedling raising period in the seedling container 2, We found that the root pots grew and developed more than usual without increasing the tree height by providing a period during which fertilizer decreased in the second half. As a result, it is possible to grow an annual seedling in which the tree height and root pot are optimally and sufficiently developed with a high probability.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing from seedling growth to distribution according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a principal side sectional view showing a part of a seedling container. As shown in the drawing, in the seedling raising method of the present invention, a seedling container 2 for growing seedlings 1 is laid with a mixture of the soil 4 and the fertilizer 3 for adjusting the fertilization effect. It has a preparatory process for transplanting seedlings or separately germinated buds, a growing process for growing the seedling 1 using the seedling-raising container 2, and a shipping process for shipping the grown seedlings.

  The preparatory step is usually performed during the period from September to March (before buds emerge), such as laying the seedling 4 and the fertilizer control type fertilizer 3 in the seedling container 2 and sowing. Prepare for the seedling raising period.

  In the present embodiment, the seedling container 2 is a container container called a multi-cavity, and the container container has a plurality of (usually about 40) cavities that function as the seedling container 2 recessed. Yes. The cavity 2 is formed with a slit (not shown) for preventing root winding in the depth direction on the peripheral surface side, and is cut on the bottom surface side when the root extends below the cavity bottom surface. A hole 2a is formed (see FIG. 2).

  The seedling container 2 may be a seedling pot formed into a pot shape using a resin such as polyethylene or a biodegradable nonwoven fabric.

  The culture soil 4 uses, as a substrate, coco pate, coco peat old, peat moss, black peat moss zeolite, vermiculite, kanuma soil, red sardine, bamboo powder, bamboo chips, wood chips, waste fungus beds, etc., but is not limited thereto.

  In addition, as the selected soil 4, 1-50% of zeolite, vermiculite, Kanuma soil, Akadama soil, bamboo powder, bamboo chips, wood chips, waste fungus bed, etc. are mixed to provide fertilizer, breathability and drainage. You may use what improved the property. Specifically, in the present invention, cocopyate (or cocopy old), pearlite, and Kanuma soil are mixed at a ratio of 3-7: 1 to 4: 1 to 4, more preferably at a ratio of 6: 2: 2. It was found that the formation of the roots and the growth of the root diameter were improved by using the above-mentioned ones.

  The fertilization effect adjusting type fertilizer 3 is configured such that the fertilizer in the resin gradually elutes over a long period of time by coating the fertilizer base with a resin or the like. More specifically, the resin film covering the fertilizer base has fine holes through which moisture in the culture medium passes, and the water that has penetrated into the film through the holes, the fertilizer base inside the film. A part is melt | dissolved and it is comprised so that the dissolved fertilizer component may ooze out from the hole of a film little by little. Thereby, this fertilizer adjustment type fertilizer 3 keeps eluting fertilizer in the cultivation soil 4 during the fertilization period preset by the thickness of a film, the number of holes, etc., without additional fertilization. Can do.

  In particular, in the seedling raising method of the present invention, the fertilization period of the fertilizer-adjustable fertilizer 3 was selected to be shorter than the seedling raising period (usually from March to November, sometimes from September to November in the following year). . More specifically, the fertilizer-adjustable fertilizer 3 uses the fertilizer-adjustable fertilizer 3 having a fertilization period of about 160 to 200 days (more preferably around 180 days), so that the latter half of the seedling period (8 (Month-November), a period in which the fertilizer is reduced or deficient in the seedling raising container 2 is provided.

  In addition, the fertilizer 3 of the fertilizer effect adjustment type fertilizer 3 has a single capacity of 150 to 300 cc in a cavity (per one seedling) by appropriately setting the amount of fertilization, so that the ground portion (tree height) and root of the seedling 1 The acquisition rate (hereinafter referred to as the seedling rate) of seedlings that satisfy the standard that the pot portion becomes the shipping standard can be further improved. Specifically, by setting the nitrogen amount to 0.2 to 0.7 g (more preferably 0.3 g) within a single cavity (per one seedling), the seedling yield should be particularly high. I found. In addition, the fertilization effect adjustment type fertilizer 3 suitable for a raising seedling can be obtained by adding 0.18-0.65g of phosphorus and 0.3-0.9g of potassium to said nitrogen amount. Details will be described later.

  Furthermore, since the fertilizer adjustment type fertilizer 3 is adjusted so that the elution amount of the fertilizer per unit time is substantially constant, the accumulated elution amount of the fertilizer is a linear type, but the fertilizer of different fertilization periods is used. By combining the effect adjustment type fertilizer 3, it is possible to make adjustments such as concentrating the elution amount of the fertilizer within a predetermined period. Details will be described later.

  Incidentally, in the preparation step, seedlings or separately sprouted shoots are transplanted to the culture soil 4 laid in the seedling-raising container 2 to grow seedlings. You may grow cuttings by planting.

  In this case, the cuttings are made from the branches that become cuttings from March to early April, and the branches are cut so that the length is about 5 to 35 cm. The cut end of the cutting head is made with a sharp blade, and the cut end is immersed overnight in a solution diluted with oxyberon solution. Moreover, it makes it easy to make a root by making a damage | wound about 3-4 cm above a cut end. The cutting head thus created is planted in a hole formed in the cultivating soil 4 in the seedling raising container 2. In addition, the structure which is planted in the container 2 for raising seedlings after rooting may be sufficient.

  In the growing process, the seedlings (buds) prepared in the preparation process are grown until around November of that year in a house or open space where the environment is controlled, so that an annual seedling in which a transplantable root pot is formed is formed. Can be produced. In addition, the seedling 1 of the seedling 1 using the seedling container 2 can be grown at any time by appropriately adjusting the room temperature and the like. You can also grow seedlings.

  Moreover, in this breeding process, during the seedling raising period for growing seedlings (from April to November), irrigation work is appropriately performed using sprinklers and other sprinklers, while topdressing in the seedling container 2 is not performed at all. First, the seedlings are grown only with the fertilizer effect-adjusted fertilizer 3 introduced in the preparation process.

  In the shipping process, the seedlings with root pots that have been sufficiently cultivated are extracted from the seedling raising container 2 together with the root pots using a manual or dedicated machine (not shown) and then planted in the target area. The root pots are wrapped in wraps and packed so that they do not dry out or the root pots collapse.

  The seedlings with root pots that have been shipped are planted using a special instrument (not shown), so that they can be planted more quickly and smoothly at any time than when planting ordinary seedlings. In addition, since the root pots of seedlings are sufficiently developed, the establishment rate of seedlings after planting is also good.

  By the way, in the shipping process, whether or not the seedlings obtained in the growing process have grown to such a degree that they can be established smoothly when planted (whether they have grown to a size that can be shipped) is determined on the ground part of the seedlings. A uniform determination is made based on whether the length (seedling length, tree height) and the diameter of the root are larger than a predetermined standard. That is, it is determined that the seedling has grown to a size that can be shipped when both the above-ground standard and the root pot standard are satisfied.

  FIG. 3 shows an example of the above-ground standard and root pot standard of seedlings. FIG. 3 shows examples of the above-ground standard and root pot standard of cedar, cypress, red pine, and black pine seedlings, but can be adjusted according to the situation. In the case of other tree seedlings, it is set to approximately the same level.

  According to the seedling raising method of the present invention described above, when raising seedlings using the seedling container 2, the fertilization period is the seedling period as the fertilizer adjustment type fertilizer 3 to be put into the seedling container 2. A fertilizer with a long fertilization period so that a large amount of fertilizer can be eluted even in the latter half of the seedling period by using a shorter one and configured so that the fertilizer is reduced or depleted in the latter half of the seedling period. Compared with the case of using or when topdressing within the seedling raising period, the height and root pot of the seedling can be further grown and developed. In addition, since the fertilizer is deficient after the seedling raising period, it is possible to suppress the chief.

  According to this configuration, normally, seedlings of seedlings that have been planted until around November of that year after sowing, transplanting seedlings and cuttings in a container for raising seedlings are often insufficient in height and root pot development, In order to ship seedlings that can be planted, it was necessary to cultivate second-year seedlings that had been cultivated for more than one year. According to the seedling method of the present invention, Even if it exists, a high seedling rate of 80% or more can be obtained.

  That is, according to the seedling raising method described above, a seedling having a higher rooting rate at the time of afforestation and having a sufficiently developed root pot without increasing the tree height is grown at a low cost with less fertilizer and without the need for additional fertilization. can do.

  The seedlings to be cultivated are mainly planted tree species, such as Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress, Japanese pine, Japanese red pine, Japanese black pine, Japanese larch, Japanese pine, Japanese red pine, Metasequoia, Japanese pine, etc. Examples include, but are not limited to, chestnuts, quail, konara, kunugi, sendan, onigurumi, white birch, tamo, kemponashi, chanchinmodoki, chanchin, willow, eucalyptus.

  By the way, in the above-mentioned example, by transplanting the seedlings (hair seedlings) sowed or germinated by the seedling raising container in 2-3 months, the annual seedlings were grown around November of that year. By transplanting the first-year seedlings to the container for raising seedlings, the second-year seedlings may be raised by the same method for raising seedlings.

  Further, the growing period of the first-year or second-year seedlings obtained by the above-mentioned seedling raising method may be extended for another year, and the seedlings may be grown until they become large seedlings of about 70 to 100 cm before being shipped. This makes it difficult for deer and rabbits to eat the planted seedlings.

  In this case, specifically, after the start of seedling and one growth period has elapsed, the fertilization-adjustable fertilizer with a fertilization period of about 100 to 180 days is applied with a nitrogen amount of 0.05 to 0 per seedling. Additional fertilization was performed to obtain 2 g. Thereby, a large sapling can also be grown.

  Next, since a comparative experiment was performed for the purpose of confirming the superiority of the seedling raising method of the present invention, the contents and results of the experiment will be described. 4 (A), 4 (B), and 4 (C) are graphs in which the height of the seedlings measured in the growth process after planting the seedlings is compared for each fertilization period of the fertilizer adjustment type fertilizer mixed with the soil.

(Experiment 1)
Seedling seedlings of cedar were bred using the seedling raising method of the present invention. Specifically, first, a container container is used as the seedling container 2, and the cocopy to old (trade name: Top Cocopy Toold, manufactured by Top Co.) used as the soil, the fertilizer adjustment type fertilizer 3 and water are used. Stirring with a stirrer (not shown), the resulting mixture was firmly laid in each cavity of the container container, and by March 2015, cedar seeds were planted and germinated in the mixture laid in the container container. (Preparation process). After that, by growing seedlings of cedar that had sprouted until around November of that year (about 8-9 months) without additional fertilization, an annual cedar seedling (seedling seedling) was produced (nurturing process) . Then, in April 2016, the following year, the first-year seedlings were planted in the forest.

  At this time, as the fertilizer adjustment type fertilizer 3, the coated fertilizer (trade name: High Control, Jacom) whose fertilization periods are 180 days, 360 days, and 700 days (both fertilization periods at 25 ° C.). Using Agri), seedlings were grown in separate sections, and the height of the seedlings was measured and compared at each growth stage after planting. Thereby, when the fertilization effect type fertilizer 3 has a fertilization period of about 180 days, the fertilizer is deficient in the second half of the seedling period before planting (from August to November 2015). When a fertilizer with a fertilization period of about 360,700 days is used, the fertilizer is continuously supplied from the fertilizer 3 on the root pot side for a while after planting from the seedling period. Has been.

  According to this experimental result, as shown in FIGS. 4 (A), (B), and (C), in April, which is immediately after planting the seedlings, the height of the seedlings is greatly different from each other in excess of 40 cm. (Survey date: April 2016). On the other hand, around November of that year (after planting, at the time of one growth period from spring to autumn), the height of the seedling is 180-day type with a short fertilization period as fertilizer adjustment type fertilizer 3 The height of the seedlings was highest, and the height of the seedlings became lower in order of the 360-day type and the 700-day type (survey date: November 2016). In addition, the height of the seedlings using the 180-day type with a short fertilization period as the fertilizer adjustment type fertilizer 3 was the highest when two seasons passed after planting the seedlings (survey date: November 2017).

  That is, when raising seedlings of cedar from April to November, fertilizer is used in the latter half of the seedling period (August to November) using the fertilizer adjustment type fertilizer 3 having a fertilization period of about 180 days. By providing a period of decrease / deficiency, it was confirmed that the rhizomes developed more extensively and the tree height was higher than those in which fertilizer was continuously supplied to the root pot even after planting.

  In addition, when a fertilizer with a fertilization period of 360 days or 700 days is used, the formation of root pots becomes insufficient even when the ground portion grows to a height that can be shipped. The percentage of seedlings that cannot be shipped for planting has increased.

  Next, based on FIG. 5, the fertilizer amount suitable for growing one seedling with a root pot will be examined. FIG. 5 (A) is a graph showing the above-ground standard number rate, FIG. 5 (B) is a graph showing the root pot standard number rate, and FIG. 5 (C) shows the seedling yield. It is a graph.

(Experiment 2)
As the fertilizer adjustment type fertilizer 3 to be put into the seedling container together with the soil, fertilizer with a fertilization period of 160 to 200 days is used. Seeds of cedar are planted in the soil 4 spread in the cavity and germinated, and then the germinated cedar buds are grown in the house or on the open field until around November of that year (about 8-9 months) without additional fertilization. By raising seedlings, annual cedar seedlings (seedling seedlings) were produced.

  At this time, what changed the fertilization amount (nitrogen amount) of the said fertilization effect type | mold fertilizer 3 thrown in for every cavity (per seedling) between 0-1.4g is set to another division (each different container container) ), And compared and examined the proportion of seedlings (obtained seedling rate) that fulfilled both the above-ground standard as the shipping standard and the root pot standard from the grown seedlings.

  In this experiment, in the case of seedlings of first-year cedar, the above-ground standard is a seedling length of 30 cm or more, and the root pot standard is a root diameter of 3.5 mm or more (see FIG. 3). ). Moreover, what satisfy | filled both the above-ground part specification and the root pot specification was defined as the seedling which can be shipped, and the obtained seedling rate which showed the ratio by which the seedling which can be shipped was acquired was compared for every said fertilization amount.

  According to the experimental results, as shown in FIGS. 5 (A) to (C), the number of seedlings satisfying the above-ground standard and the number of seedlings satisfying the root pot standard are based on the amount of fertilizer applied. It shows a different trend.

  Specifically, the above-ground part standard number ratio that satisfies the above-ground part standard is 80% or more when the nitrogen amount per seedling is 0.2 to 0.8 g (peak is 0.3 g). The ratio was high (see FIG. 5A). On the other hand, the root pot standard number ratio that satisfied the root pot standard was 80% or higher when the nitrogen amount per seedling was 0.1 to 0.3 g, but the fertilizer application amount It was confirmed that the number of lines satisfying the standard gradually decreased as the number increased (see FIG. 5B).

  That is, when the fertilization amount (nitrogen amount) per seedling is 0.2 to 0.7 g (peak is approximately 0.3 g), it can be confirmed that a high yield rate of 80% or more can be obtained. (See FIG. 5C). In addition, as fertilization effect adjustment type fertilizer to use, what added 0.18-0.65g phosphorus and 0.3-0.9g potassium with respect to this nitrogen amount 0.2-0.7g. It is desirable to use it.

  By the way, in the case of growing a biennial cedar cutting seedling by the same method as described above, when the fertilization amount (nitrogen amount) per one is 0.15 to 0.3 g, it is as high as 80% or more. The seedling rate was obtained.

  Next, based on FIG. 6, the experimental result which confirmed the fertilization effect at the time of combining the fertilizer adjustment type fertilizer of a different fertilization period is demonstrated. FIG. 6 (A) is a graph showing the period elution rate and the cumulative elution rate when using a fertilizer with adjusted fertilization period of 160 to 200 days, and FIG. 6 (B) shows the fertilization period. Is the graph which showed the period elution rate and cumulative elution rate at the time of using the fertilizer which combined the fertilization effect type | mold fertilizer of 160-200 days and 80-120 days.

(Experiment 3)
As FIG. 6 shows, as the fertilization effect adjustment type fertilizer 3 used for the above-mentioned seedling raising method, the fertilization effect type fertilizer with a fertilization effect period of 160-200 days and the fertilization effect with a fertilization effect period of 160-200 days By using the mixture of the adjustment type fertilizer, the elution amount of the fertilizer can be increased from the early stage to the middle stage of the seedling period, and the elution of the fertilizer can be suppressed in the later stage of the seedling period.

  According to this configuration, since the formation of the above-ground part of the seedling can be further promoted in the middle stage of the seedling period and the formation of root pots can be further promoted by depleting the fertilizer in the latter stage of the seedling period, the above-mentioned seedling yield rate Even better. Moreover, the fertilization effect adjustment type fertilizer 3 to be used is mixed with the fertilization effect period of 160 to 200 days, and the fertilization effect adjustment type fertilizer to be used by mixing 80 to 120 days of a shorter fertilization effect period. The cost of 3 can be kept low.

  In addition, it is preferable that the fertilizer adjustment type fertilizer 3 of a different fertilization period mixes the ratio of the fertilization period 80-120 days: Fertilization period 160-200 days by the ratio of 3: 7-7: 3.

2 Containers for raising seedlings (containers)
3 Fertilizer with adjustable fertilizer effect

Claims (8)

In a seedling raising method for growing seedlings in a container for root pot formation,
Using fertilizer adjustment type fertilizer as a fertilizer to be put together with the soil in the container,
The fertilizer adjustment type fertilizer is characterized in that a fertilizer deficiency period is provided in the latter half of the seedling period by using a fertilizer that has a fertilization period shorter than the seedling period in the container. Seedling method. The seedling-raising method according to claim 1, wherein an annual seedling is grown by transplanting a seedling or a separately germinated seedling into the container. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer adjustment type fertilizer has a fertilization period of about 160 to 200 days. The seedling raising method according to claim 3, wherein the fertilizer adjustment type fertilizer is a mixture of fertilizers having a fertilization period of about 80 to 120 days.   The growing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fertilizer to be introduced into the container is not subjected to additional fertilization using only the fertilizer adjustment type fertilizer to be introduced at the start of seedling raising. The container for growing one seedling is charged with 150 to 300 cc of soil and the fertilizer with adjustable fertilizer configured so that the amount of nitrogen is 0.2 to 0.8 g. The growing method according to any one of 5. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein a second-year seedling is grown by transplanting a first-year seedling grown in a nursery into the container.   The culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a mixture of coco pate or coco peat old, pearlite, and kanuma soil is mixed so that the ratio is 3 to 7: 1 to 4: 1 to 4. The training method described.