JP2006320296A - Method for raising tea seedling - Google Patents

Method for raising tea seedling Download PDF

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JP2006320296A
JP2006320296A JP2005171606A JP2005171606A JP2006320296A JP 2006320296 A JP2006320296 A JP 2006320296A JP 2005171606 A JP2005171606 A JP 2005171606A JP 2005171606 A JP2005171606 A JP 2005171606A JP 2006320296 A JP2006320296 A JP 2006320296A
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tea
seedlings
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JP4169131B2 (en
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Tomoyoshi Kondo
知義 近藤
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Shiga Prefectural Government.
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for raising tea seedlings, comprising culturing the tea seedlings with a nutritious solution by a method suitable for raising the tea seedlings in pots, by which years for raising tea seedlings can be reduced. <P>SOLUTION: This method for raising the tea seedlings 9 comprises planting tea scions 14 in pots 15 filled with seedling-raising soil and put on a culture bed 1, subjecting the seedlings to a water-spraying culture using water-spraying nozzles 6 for the first prescribed period just after the insertion of the seedlings, and then subjecting the cultured seedlings to a circulation type nutritious solution culture using a nutritious solution stored in a nutritious solution tank 2 for the second prescribed period until transplanted. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、チャのポット苗を育苗するチャの育苗方法に関する。  The present invention relates to a tea seedling raising method for raising tea pot seedlings.

茶業では、苗を圃場へ定植してから茶葉が安定生産できるまでの茶樹育成年数の短縮が大きな課題となっている。茶樹の育成年数の短縮には、土壌条件、定植方法、茶樹の仕立て方法、肥培管理、気象条件や病虫害等の他、苗の種類や品質が大きく関与しており、良質な苗を育成することで茶樹育成年数の短縮が図れる。  In the tea industry, shortening the number of years of tea planting until the stable production of tea leaves after planting seedlings in the field has become a major issue. In order to shorten the growing years of tea trees, soil type, planting methods, tea tree tailoring methods, fertilizer management, weather conditions, disease and pest damage, etc. are greatly related to seedling type and quality, and good quality seedlings should be nurtured. In this way, the number of years of tea planting can be shortened.

現在最も一般的に行われているチャの育苗方法は、ビニル被覆挿し木法(非特許文献1参照)で、十分に灌水した挿し木床に穂木を挿し木した後、トンネル式にビニルフィルムで完全に密閉して育苗する方法であるが、この方法では苗の掘り起こし作業中に根に損傷を与えることが多く、茶樹の初期生育が抑制される。また、苗の育成に通常2年を要することも課題である。この点を改善した方法としてペーパーポット育苗法(非特許文献2参照)があり、このペーパーポット育苗法は、育苗土を充填したペーパーポットに穂木を挿し木した後、灌水して、若しくは、トンネル式にビニルフィルムで完全に密閉して、育苗する方法であり、根の損傷が無く、定植後に根が垂直方向へ伸育する特徴を有し、苗の生育が比較的良好であることから、定植後の生育に優れると言われている。しかしながら、それでもなお、茶葉を安定生産できるまでに早い茶園で5年、一般的に6〜8年を要しており、育成年数短縮が未だに重要な課題となっている。  The most commonly used method for raising tea seedlings is the vinyl-covered cutting method (see Non-Patent Document 1). After cutting the ears on a sufficiently irrigated cutting floor, the tunnel is completely covered with a vinyl film. Although it is a method for raising seedlings in a sealed manner, this method often damages the roots during excavation work of seedlings, thereby suppressing the initial growth of tea trees. Another problem is that it usually takes 2 years to grow seedlings. As a method for improving this point, there is a paper pot nursery method (see Non-Patent Document 2). This paper pot nursery method is a method of cutting a spike into a paper pot filled with seedling soil, irrigating, or tunneling. It is a method of completely sealing with a vinyl film in the formula and raising seedlings, there is no damage to the roots, the roots grow vertically after planting, and the growth of the seedlings is relatively good, It is said to be excellent in growth after planting. However, it takes 5 years, generally 6 to 8 years, at a tea plantation to be able to produce tea leaves stably, and shortening the growing years is still an important issue.

一方、野菜類や花卉類を中心に行われている養液栽培は、土壌病害による連作障害がないこと、装置化・機械化により労働時間が節減できること等の他、肥料成分を効率的に利用でき生産量の増大・高品質化が図れるメリットがある。このため、養液栽培によってチャの育苗を行えば、肥料成分の効率的利用による苗の良質化が図れ、茶樹育成年数の短縮に寄与できるものと考えられる。  On the other hand, hydroponic cultivation, which is conducted mainly for vegetables and flowers, can effectively use fertilizer components in addition to the fact that there are no continuous cropping failures due to soil diseases, labor hours can be reduced by equipment and mechanization. There is an advantage that the production volume can be increased and the quality can be improved. For this reason, if tea seedlings are grown by hydroponics, it is considered that the seedlings can be improved in quality by efficient use of fertilizer components, and the tea tree growing years can be shortened.

チャの養液栽培では、噴霧耕栽培(非特許文献3参照)が知られている。これは、茶樹を水耕ベットへ移植し、例えば表1に示された要素を含有する養液を、図6のごとく空間に形成された茶樹の根圏に向けて毎時15分間噴霧して栽培する方法である。

Figure 2006320296
In the hydroponic cultivation of tea, spray cultivation (see Non-Patent Document 3) is known. This is done by transplanting the tea plant to a hydroponics bed and spraying a nutrient solution containing the elements shown in Table 1 for 15 minutes per hour toward the root zone of the tea plant formed in the space as shown in FIG. It is a method to do.
Figure 2006320296

しかしながら、チャの育苗を養液栽培により行った例はこれまでになく、養液栽培によるチャの育苗方法は確立されていないのが現状である。  However, there has never been an example of growing tea seedlings by hydroponics, and there is no established method for raising tea seedlings by hydroponic cultivation.

坂田寿生、青木彦二、桐明政美、「茶のビニル被覆による省力さし木法」、茶業研究報告、1971年、第35号、p.42−49Toshio Sakata, Koji Aoki, Masami Kiri, “Labor Saving Sashiki Method by Vinyl Covering of Tea”, Tea Industry Research Report, 1971, No. 35, p. 42-49 坂田寿生、中村晋一郎、神屋勇雄、「茶さし木へのペーパーポット利用」、茶業研究報告、1973年、第39号、p.8−13Toshio Sakata, Shinichiro Nakamura, Yasuo Kamiya, “Paper pot use for tea sashiki”, Tea Industry Research Report, 1973, No. 39, p. 8-13 小西茂毅、「チャの栄養特性と養液栽培の実際」、農業および園芸、1987年、第62巻、第1号、p.223−232Shigeru Konishi, “Nutritional characteristics of tea and the practice of hydroponics”, Agriculture and Horticulture, 1987, Vol. 62, No. 1, p. 223-232

チャの養液栽培では、上記のとおり非特許文献3の例がみられる。この方法に用いる養液は、pHが低く、窒素成分をアンモニア態窒素で施用し、アルミニウムを添加することにより生育が優れるという茶樹の吸収利用特性に適しており、養液栽培によるチャの育苗に利用できるものと考えられる。しかし、養液栽培方法については、育苗段階の終了した茶樹の養液栽培方法であって、育苗に適した方法とは言えない。なぜなら、チャの育苗では挿し木してから苗が発根するまでの約1ヶ月間の根圏の湿度や温度が発根に対して重要な作用を示すため、非特許文献3の方法のように、空間に形成された茶樹の根圏に向けて噴霧することだけで、苗からの発根を促すことは困難なためである。また、定植時に苗の根が乾燥するとその後の生育が阻害されるため、苗の根圏は土等により包まれているのが良く、また、苗を運搬しやすいものが望ましいことから、ポットを用いて行う養液栽培であることが求められる。こうしたことから、非特許文献3の養液栽培方法をチャの育苗に利用することは難しいと考えられる。  In the hydroponic culture of tea, the example of nonpatent literature 3 is seen as mentioned above. The nutrient solution used in this method is suitable for the absorption and utilization characteristics of tea trees that have a low pH, nitrogen component is applied with ammonia nitrogen, and the growth is excellent by adding aluminum. It can be used. However, the hydroponics method is a hydroponics method for tea plants that have completed the seedling raising stage, and is not a suitable method for raising seedlings. This is because, in tea seedlings, the humidity and temperature of the rhizosphere for about one month from cutting to rooting of seedlings have an important effect on rooting. This is because it is difficult to promote rooting from seedlings only by spraying toward the root zone of the tea tree formed in the space. In addition, if the roots of seedlings are dried at the time of planting, the subsequent growth is hindered, so the root zone of the seedlings should be wrapped with soil, etc. It is required to be hydroponics that is used. For these reasons, it is considered difficult to use the hydroponics method of Non-Patent Document 3 for tea seedlings.

本発明は、上記のような従来技術の問題点を鑑み、チャのポット苗の育苗に適した方式により養液栽培することで、茶樹育成年数の短縮を図れるチャの育苗方法を提供することを目的とする。  In view of the problems of the prior art as described above, the present invention provides a method for raising a tea seedling that can reduce the number of years of tea planting by hydroponically cultivating it using a method suitable for raising seedlings of tea pot seedlings. Objective.

本発明の発明者は、上記目的を達成するために、鋭意研究を重ねた結果、挿し木直後から第1所定期間は散水ノズルによる散水栽培を行い、その後定植までの第2所定期間は養液槽に蓄えた養液を給液する循環式養液栽培を行うことによって、従来のペーパーポット苗に比べて苗の生育および定植後の生育が優れ、茶樹育成年数の短縮に寄与できるポット苗が育成できることを見出した。  The inventor of the present invention has conducted diligent research to achieve the above object, and as a result, the first predetermined period immediately after cutting has been sprinkled with a watering nozzle, and then the second predetermined period until planting is a nutrient solution tank. By carrying out the circulation type hydroponic cultivation that supplies the nutrient solution stored in the plant, the growth of the seedlings that grow better than the conventional paper pot seedlings and the growth after planting, and that can contribute to shortening the number of years of tea planting I found out that I can do it.

即ち、本発明の請求項1に記載のチャの育苗方法は、育苗土を充填して栽培ベットへ載置したポットにチャの穂木を挿し木し、挿し木直後から第1所定期間は散水ノズルによる散水栽培で、その後定植までの第2所定期間は養液槽に蓄えた養液を給液する循環式養液栽培で、チャのポット苗を育苗することを特徴とする。  That is, in the method for raising tea according to claim 1 of the present invention, the ears of tea are cut into a pot filled with seedling soil and placed on a cultivation bed, and a water spray nozzle is used for a first predetermined period immediately after cutting. It is characterized by growing tea pot seedlings in the circulation type hydroponic culture in which the nutrient solution stored in the nutrient solution tank is supplied during the second predetermined period until the planting in sprinkling cultivation.

さらに、本発明の請求項2に記載のチャの育苗方法は、前記ポットに黒色ポットを用いることを特徴とする。  Further, the tea seedling raising method according to claim 2 of the present invention is characterized in that a black pot is used as the pot.

さらに、本発明の請求項3に記載のチャの育苗方法は、前記ポットにポリエチレン製ポットを用いることを特徴とする。  Further, the tea seedling raising method according to claim 3 of the present invention is characterized in that a polyethylene pot is used as the pot.

さらに、本発明の請求項4に記載のチャの育苗方法は、前記ポットの底部に給液用孔が設けられ、前記ポットの側部に通気用孔が設けられていることを特徴とする。  Furthermore, the tea seedling raising method according to claim 4 of the present invention is characterized in that a liquid supply hole is provided at the bottom of the pot and a vent hole is provided at a side of the pot.

さらに、本発明の請求項5に記載のチャの育苗方法は、前記第1所定期間は2〜3ヶ月間であることを特徴とする。  Furthermore, the tea seedling raising method according to claim 5 of the present invention is characterized in that the first predetermined period is 2 to 3 months.

さらに、本発明の請求項6に記載のチャの育苗方法は、前記第2所定期間は6〜7ヶ月であることを特徴とする。  Furthermore, the tea seedling raising method according to claim 6 of the present invention is characterized in that the second predetermined period is 6 to 7 months.

さらに、本発明の請求項7に記載のチャの育苗方法は、前記散水ノズルが栽培ベットの直上に設置されていることを特徴とする。  The tea seedling raising method according to claim 7 of the present invention is characterized in that the watering nozzle is installed immediately above the cultivation bed.

本発明の請求項1に記載のチャの育苗方法によれば、挿し木直後から第1所定期間は散水ノズルによる散水栽培が行われるので、散水栽培によりポット苗の発根が一律に促され、また散水栽培の後の第2所定期間は循環式養液栽培が行われるので、発根後の養液栽培によりポット苗が肥料成分を効率的に吸収し、このように栽培することによって、根量の多い優れた1年生苗を育成することができ、定植後の茶樹の生育も旺盛で、茶樹の根の深層化を図れ、茶樹の育成年数の短縮に寄与することができる。また、ポット苗であることから、定植時の根の損傷が少ない他、定植の作業性に優れる。  According to the tea seedling raising method described in claim 1 of the present invention, since watering cultivation with a watering nozzle is performed for the first predetermined period immediately after cutting, rooting of the pot seedling is uniformly promoted by watering cultivation, and Since the circulation type hydroponic cultivation is performed in the second predetermined period after the sprinkling cultivation, the pot seedling efficiently absorbs the fertilizer component by the hydroponic cultivation after rooting, and cultivates in this way. It is possible to grow excellent annual seedlings with a lot of growth, and the growth of tea trees after planting is thriving, deepening the roots of tea trees and contributing to the shortening of the growing years of tea trees. Moreover, since it is a pot seedling, there is little damage of the root at the time of planting, and it is excellent in workability of planting.

さらに、本発明の請求項2に記載のチャの育苗方法によれば、育苗に用いるポットに黒色ポットを用いるので、根の緑化や藻類の発生による根の生育阻害を抑制することができ、これによって、ポット苗の根量がより多くなり、ポット苗の生育をさらに向上させることができる。  Furthermore, according to the tea seedling raising method according to claim 2 of the present invention, since a black pot is used as a pot for raising seedlings, root growth inhibition due to greening of roots and generation of algae can be suppressed. As a result, the root amount of the pot seedling is increased, and the growth of the pot seedling can be further improved.

さらに、本発明の請求項3に記載のチャの育苗方法によれば、育苗に用いるポットにポリエチレン製ポットを用いるので、育苗後のポットの劣化が少なく、持ち運びなど取り扱いが容易で、定植作業の労力が軽減でき、定植後にポットを回収することで次の育苗に再利用することができる。  Furthermore, according to the method for raising seedlings of tea according to claim 3 of the present invention, since a pot made of polyethylene is used as a pot for raising seedlings, there is little deterioration of the pot after raising seedlings, and handling such as carrying is easy. The labor can be reduced, and the pot can be collected after planting and reused for the next seedling.

さらに、本発明の請求項4に記載のチャの育苗方法によれば、ポットの底部に給液用孔を設け、その側部に通気用孔を設けたので、ポット苗の根圏が適度な水分含有率、酸素濃度および温度に保持され、ポット苗の生存率が高まるとともに、ポット苗の生育をさらに向上させることができる。  Furthermore, according to the tea seedling raising method according to claim 4 of the present invention, since the liquid supply hole is provided at the bottom of the pot and the ventilation hole is provided at the side thereof, the root zone of the pot seedling is moderate. The moisture content, oxygen concentration, and temperature are maintained, and the survival rate of the pot seedling is increased, and the growth of the pot seedling can be further improved.

さらに、本発明の請求項5に記載のチャの育苗方法によれば、挿し木直後から散水栽培する第1所定期間が2〜3ヶ月間であるので、挿し木したポット苗の発根の揃いが優れ、その後の養液栽培による肥料成分の効率的利用を長期間保持できる。また、ポット苗の生存率を高めることができる。  Furthermore, according to the method for raising seedlings of tea according to claim 5 of the present invention, since the first predetermined period for sprinkling cultivation immediately after cutting is 2 to 3 months, the rooting alignment of the pot seedlings that have been cut is excellent. The efficient use of fertilizer components by subsequent hydroponics can be maintained for a long time. Moreover, the survival rate of pot seedlings can be increased.

さらに、本発明の請求項6に記載のチャの育苗方法によれば、散水栽培の後に循環式養液栽培する第2所定期間が6〜7ヶ月であるので、発根の優れたポット苗に充分な養分を与えてチャの育成を促進し、定植後の育成期間の短縮化を図ることができる。  Furthermore, according to the method for raising seedlings of tea according to claim 6 of the present invention, since the second predetermined period of 6 to 7 months for circulating hydroponic cultivation after sprinkling cultivation, Sufficient nutrients can be given to promote the growth of tea and shorten the cultivation period after planting.

さらに、本発明の請求項7に記載のチャの育苗方法によれば、散水ノズルを栽培ベットの直上に設置したので、栽培ベットに載置したポット苗に均一に散水でき、これによって、ポット苗の発根の揃いが優れ、ポット苗の生存率が高めることができる。  Furthermore, according to the tea seedling raising method according to claim 7 of the present invention, since the watering nozzle is installed immediately above the cultivation bed, water can be uniformly sprayed on the pot seedling placed on the cultivation bed. The rooting alignment is excellent, and the survival rate of pot seedlings can be increased.

以下に本発明による育苗方法を図面を参照して説明する。本発明による育苗方法に用いるポットの一例を図2に模式的に示す。図示のポット15は、長期間の湛水状態に耐え得る材質のものを使用するが、ポリエチレン製のものを使用するのが好ましい。ポット15の色は制限されることはないが、ポット15内の根の伸育が阻害されず、藻類の発生を抑えられる黒色のものを用いるのが好ましい。このようなポット15は外径が略円筒状で、上端側が下端側よりも幾分大きく形成され、根の旺盛な生育を遮ることの無いよう、上端の直径が5〜10cm程度で、その高さが15〜20cm程度であるのが用いられる。このポット15の底部、即ち底面部12および側部11の側面下部(例えば、底面部12から3cm程度までの部位)に給液用孔16が設けられ、その側部11の残りの部分(側面中間部および側面上部)に通気用孔13が設けられている。給液用孔16および通気用孔13は、例えば直径約5mmの大きさでよい。ポット15の形状は略円形状に限定されず、略四角状などの適宜の形状でよく、また給液用孔16および通気用孔13の形状、大きさについても適宜の形状、大きさでよい。  The seedling raising method according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. An example of the pot used for the seedling raising method by this invention is typically shown in FIG. The illustrated pot 15 is made of a material that can withstand a long-term flooding condition, but is preferably made of polyethylene. The color of the pot 15 is not limited, but it is preferable to use a black one that does not inhibit the growth of roots in the pot 15 and can suppress the generation of algae. Such a pot 15 has a substantially cylindrical outer diameter, the upper end is formed somewhat larger than the lower end, and the upper end has a diameter of about 5 to 10 cm so as not to block vigorous growth of the roots. The length is about 15 to 20 cm. A liquid supply hole 16 is provided at the bottom of the pot 15, that is, the bottom of the side surface of the bottom surface portion 12 and the side portion 11 (for example, a portion from the bottom surface portion 12 to about 3 cm), and the remaining portion (side surface) of the side portion 11 is provided. Ventilation holes 13 are provided in the middle part and the upper part of the side surface. The liquid supply hole 16 and the vent hole 13 may have a diameter of about 5 mm, for example. The shape of the pot 15 is not limited to a substantially circular shape, and may be an appropriate shape such as a substantially square shape, and the shape and size of the liquid supply hole 16 and the vent hole 13 may be an appropriate shape and size. .

チャの穂木14を栽培する場合、例えば川砂、バーミキュライト、籾殻くん炭、ピートモスなど、若しくはそれらを混合した育苗土など、穂木14を支持でき、養液栽培中の養液を汚濁しにくいものが育苗土として用いられ、このような育苗土がポット15に充填される。  When cultivating cha-hogi 14, for example, river sand, vermiculite, rice husk charcoal, peat moss, or seedling soil mixed with them, it is possible to support hogi 14 and it is difficult to contaminate the nutrient solution during hydroponics Is used as seedling soil, and such seedling soil is filled in the pot 15.

このように育苗土を充填したポット15を図1に模式的に例示された養液栽培装置の栽培ベット1へ載置する。そして、これらポット15に、図2に示すように、チャの穗木14を挿し木する。穂木14は、2枚程度の茶葉17が付きものが用いられ、その穂木14の長さは4〜8cm程度である。  Thus, the pot 15 filled with the seedling soil is placed on the cultivation bed 1 of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus schematically illustrated in FIG. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, tea pots 14 are inserted into these pots 15. The hogi 14 has about 2 tea leaves 17 attached, and the length of the hogi 14 is about 4 to 8 cm.

ここで、図1を参照して一例の養液栽培装置について説明すると、図示の養液栽培装置は、一定量の養液を滞水できる栽培ベット1、養液を蓄える養液槽2、養液を栽培ベッド1に供給するための給液ポンプ3、養液中のゴミなどの不純物を除去するためのストレーナ4、栽培ベッド1から養液槽2に排水される排液量を調整するための排液調整バルブ5、および水を散布するための散水ノズル6で構成されている。養液槽2と栽培ベッド1とは給液管7を介して接続され、給液管7の吸入部(養液槽2の養液に浸漬された部分)に給液ポンプ3が配設され、給液管7の中間部にストレーナ4が配設されている。また、栽培ベッド1と養液槽2とは排液管8を介して接続され、この排液管8に排液調整バルブ5が配設されている。このように構成されているので、養液槽2に蓄えられた養液が給液ポンプ3により給液管7を通して栽培ベット1へ給液され、栽培ベッド1に供給された養液は排液管8を通して養液槽2へ排水される。また、散水ノズル6は、給水管18に軸方向に間隔をおいて複数取り付けられ、この給水管18を介して水供給源(図示せず)に接続されている。このように構成されているので、水供給源からの水は給水管18を通して複数の散水ノズル6に供給され、これら散水ノズル6から栽培ベッド1の上面(具体的には、栽培ベッド1に載置されたポット苗9(ポット15に挿し木された穂木14をポット苗9という)に向けて散水する。これら散水ノズル6は栽培ベット1内の隅々まで実質上均一に散水できるように栽培ベット1の直上に配置するのが好ましい。  Here, an example of the nutrient solution cultivation apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The illustrated nutrient solution cultivation apparatus includes a cultivation bed 1 that can hold a certain amount of nutrient solution, a nutrient solution tank 2 that stores the nutrient solution, and a nutrient solution. In order to adjust the amount of drainage discharged from the cultivation bed 1 to the nutrient solution tank 2 and the strainer 4 for removing impurities such as dust in the nutrient solution, the feed pump 3 for supplying the solution to the cultivation bed 1 The drainage adjustment valve 5 and the watering nozzle 6 for spraying water are comprised. The nutrient solution tank 2 and the cultivation bed 1 are connected via a solution supply pipe 7, and a solution supply pump 3 is disposed in the suction portion (portion immersed in the nutrient solution of the nutrient solution tank 2) of the solution supply pipe 7. The strainer 4 is disposed in the middle of the liquid supply pipe 7. Moreover, the cultivation bed 1 and the nutrient solution tank 2 are connected via a drainage pipe 8, and a drainage adjustment valve 5 is disposed in the drainage pipe 8. Since it is comprised in this way, the nutrient solution stored in the nutrient solution tank 2 is supplied to the cultivation bed 1 through the supply pipe 7 by the supply pump 3, and the nutrient solution supplied to the cultivation bed 1 is drained. It is drained into the nutrient solution tank 2 through the pipe 8. A plurality of watering nozzles 6 are attached to the water supply pipe 18 at intervals in the axial direction, and are connected to a water supply source (not shown) via the water supply pipe 18. Since it is comprised in this way, the water from a water supply source is supplied to the some watering nozzle 6 through the water supply pipe | tube 18, The upper surface (specifically, it mounts on the cultivation bed 1) from these watering nozzles 6 Water is sprayed toward the placed pot seedling 9 (the panicle 14 inserted into the pot 15 is referred to as the pot seedling 9.) These watering nozzles 6 are cultivated so that water can be sprayed substantially uniformly throughout the cultivation bed 1. It is preferable to arrange it directly above the bed 1.

栽培ベット1に載置したポット15へ穂木14を挿し木し、挿し木直後から第1所定期間散水ノズル6からポット苗9へ水を散水し栽培する(所謂、散水栽培する)。散水栽培における散水は、日中1時間おきに1分間程度行うものとするが、加湿による発根阻害や水分不足による枯死に注意しながら、散水量を適宜調節する。この第1所定期間は2〜3ヶ月であるのが好ましく、2〜3ヶ月の期間上述した散水栽培することによって、穂木14の根を充分に発達させて根量を多くすることができる。この散水栽培においては、ポット15の通気用孔13を通して育苗土に通気が行われるとともに、その給液用孔16を通しても育苗土に通気が行われる。尚、この散水栽培中は、養液槽2から養液が栽培ベッド1に供給されることはない。  A hot tree 14 is inserted into a pot 15 placed on the cultivation bed 1, and water is sprayed from the watering nozzle 6 to the pot seedling 9 for a first predetermined period immediately after cutting (so-called watering cultivation). Sprinkling in sprinkling cultivation is performed for about one minute every hour during the day, but the amount of sprinkling is adjusted as appropriate while paying attention to rooting inhibition due to humidification and death due to water shortage. This first predetermined period is preferably 2 to 3 months, and by carrying out the above-mentioned sprinkling cultivation for a period of 2 to 3 months, the roots of the hogi 14 can be sufficiently developed and the amount of roots can be increased. In this sprinkling cultivation, the seedling soil is ventilated through the vent hole 13 of the pot 15 and the seedling soil is also ventilated through the liquid supply hole 16. During the sprinkling cultivation, no nutrient solution is supplied from the nutrient solution tank 2 to the cultivation bed 1.

栽培ベット1に載置されたポット苗9を第1所定期間にわたって散水栽培した後、養液槽2に肥料成分を含有する養液を投入し、第2所定期間にわたってポット苗9を養液栽培装置による循環式養液栽培を行う(このとき、散水ノズル6から散水されることはない)。栽培ベット1への給液量および排液量は、例えば給液中の栽培ベット1内の水深が3〜5cmに維持される量とし、循環式養液栽培における給液時間は毎時10〜15分間程度として間断給液とするのが好ましい。循環式養液栽培は、ポット苗9を圃場へ定植するまでの間実施するが、この間、養液が循環過程で蒸発などにより減少した場合は、水または養液を適宜補充するとともに、養液のpHやECなどの調整も適宜行う。この第2所定期間は6〜7ヶ月であり、この第2所定期間にわたって循環式養液栽培することによって、必要な養分をポット苗9に与えて育成を促進することができる。この循環式養液栽培では、ポット15の給液用孔16を通して栽培ベッド1中の養液が育苗土に供給されるとともに、その通気用孔13を通して育苗土に通気が行われる。尚、養液栽培に用いる養液として、例えば上述した公知のものを用いることができる。  After watering cultivation of the pot seedling 9 placed on the cultivation bed 1 for a first predetermined period, a nutrient solution containing a fertilizer component is introduced into the nutrient solution tank 2, and the pot seedling 9 is hydroponically grown for a second predetermined period. Circulation type hydroponic cultivation is performed by the apparatus (at this time, water is not sprayed from the watering nozzle 6). The liquid supply amount and the drainage amount to the cultivation bed 1 are, for example, amounts such that the water depth in the cultivation bed 1 during supply is maintained at 3 to 5 cm, and the liquid supply time in the circulation type hydroponic cultivation is 10 to 15 per hour. It is preferable to use intermittent liquid supply for about a minute. Circulation type nutrient solution cultivation is carried out until the pot seedling 9 is planted in the field. During this time, if the nutrient solution is reduced by evaporation or the like in the circulation process, water or nutrient solution is appropriately supplemented and the nutrient solution is added. The pH and EC are adjusted appropriately. The second predetermined period is 6 to 7 months, and the cultivation can be promoted by supplying necessary nutrients to the pot seedling 9 by cultivating the circulation type hydroponics over the second predetermined period. In this circulation type nutrient solution cultivation, the nutrient solution in the cultivation bed 1 is supplied to the seedling soil through the liquid supply hole 16 of the pot 15 and the seedling soil is ventilated through the vent hole 13. In addition, as a nutrient solution used for nutrient solution cultivation, the well-known thing mentioned above, for example can be used.

育成したポット苗9は、トレー等を使用して定植を行う圃場へ輸送し、定植する際にポット15を取り外し、育苗土が根圏を包んだ状態で苗を圃場へ移植する。定植が終了したポット15は、回収し次の育苗に再利用する。  The grown pot seedling 9 is transported to a field where planting is performed using a tray or the like, and the pot 15 is removed at the time of planting, and the seedling is transplanted to the field with the seedling soil covering the rhizosphere. The pot 15 which has been planted is collected and reused for the next seedling.

このように散水栽培の後に養液栽培したチャの苗は、根量の多い優れた1年生苗となり、このような苗を定植することによって、定植後の茶樹の育成も旺盛で、茶樹の根の深層化を図ることができ、その結果、茶樹の育成年数の短縮化を図ることができ、従来必要としていた6〜8年の育成年数が3〜5年となり、約3年程度短縮することができる。  The seedlings of tea grown by hydroponics after sprinkling cultivation become excellent annual seedlings with a large amount of roots, and by planting such seedlings, tea planting after planting is thriving, and the roots of tea trees As a result, it is possible to shorten the number of years for growing tea trees, and the required number of years for growing 6 to 8 years is 3 to 5 years, which is about 3 years. Can do.

(実施例1)
図2に例示した形態のポットと図1に例示した養液栽培装置を用いて、ポット苗の育苗実験を行った。実施例1では、用いたポットは無色透明のポリビニル製ポット(幅:9cm、奥行き:9cm、高さ:15cm)で、その底部に複数の給液用孔が設けられ、その側部に複数の通気用孔が設けられていた。このポットに川砂とバーミキュライトと籾殻くん炭を等量(容量比)で混ぜた育苗土を充填し、このポットを養液栽培装置の栽培ベットへ載置した。そして、これらポットへチャの穂木を7月上旬に挿し木し、穂木の挿し木直後から2ヶ月間散水ノズルから水を散水して栽培した(散水栽培)。そして、この散水栽培後、養液槽に養液を充填し、養液槽から養液を間断給液して栽培した(養液栽培)。なお、養液は、上記表1に示されているものを使用した。挿し木してから約9ヶ月後、即ち、翌年の4月上旬にポット苗を圃場へ定植し一般法により栽培した。
Example 1
A pot seedling raising experiment was conducted using the pot of the form illustrated in FIG. 2 and the hydroponic cultivation apparatus illustrated in FIG. In Example 1, the pot used was a colorless and transparent polyvinyl pot (width: 9 cm, depth: 9 cm, height: 15 cm), provided with a plurality of liquid supply holes at the bottom, and a plurality of holes at the side. Ventilation holes were provided. This pot was filled with seedling soil mixed with equal amounts (volume ratio) of river sand, vermiculite and rice husk charcoal, and this pot was placed on the cultivation bed of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus. Then, tea pots were cut into these pots in early July, and water was sprinkled from a watering nozzle for two months immediately after cuttings (sprinkling cultivation). And after this sprinkling cultivation, the nutrient solution was filled in the nutrient solution tank, and the nutrient solution was intermittently supplied from the nutrient solution tank and cultivated (nutritional solution cultivation). The nutrient solution shown in Table 1 was used. About 9 months after cutting, that is, at the beginning of April of the following year, pot seedlings were planted in a field and cultivated by a general method.

(実施例2)
実施例2として、散水ノズルからの散水期間、即ち散水栽培の期間を3ヶ月間とした点を除いて、実施例1と同様の方法で、育苗、定植および栽培した。
(Example 2)
As Example 2, seedling raising, planting and cultivation were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the watering period from the watering nozzle, that is, the watering period was 3 months.

(実施例3)
実施例3として、無色透明のポリビニル製ポットに代えて黒色のポリビニル製ポットを用いた点を除いて、実施例1と同様の方法で、育苗、定植および栽培した。
(Example 3)
As Example 3, raising seedlings, planting and cultivating were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a black polyvinyl pot was used instead of the colorless and transparent polyvinyl pot.

(実施例4)
実施例4として、散水ノズルからの散水期間、即ち散水栽培の期間を3ヶ月間とした点を除いて、実施例3と同様の方法で、育苗、定植および栽培した。
Example 4
As Example 4, seedling raising, planting and cultivation were carried out in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the watering period from the watering nozzle, that is, the watering period was 3 months.

(実施例5)
実施例5として、黒色の略四角柱状ポリビニル製ポットに代えて黒色の略円筒柱状ポリエチレン製ポット(直径:9cm、高さ:20cm)を用いた点を除いて、実施例3と同様の方法で、育苗、定植および栽培した。
(Example 5)
Example 5 was the same as Example 3 except that a black substantially cylindrical columnar polyethylene pot (diameter: 9 cm, height: 20 cm) was used instead of the black approximately square columnar polyvinyl pot. Planted, planted and cultivated.

(実施例6)
実施例6として、育苗土に川砂とピートモスを容量比3:7の割合で混ぜたものを用いた点を除いて、実施例5と同様の方法で、育苗した。
(Example 6)
As Example 6, seedlings were grown in the same manner as Example 5 except that the seedling soil was mixed with river sand and peat moss in a ratio of 3: 7.

(比較例1)
比較例1として、散水ノズルからの散水(散水栽培)を行わなかった点を除いて、実施例1と同様の方法で、育苗、定植および栽培した。
(Comparative Example 1)
As Comparative Example 1, seedlings, planting and cultivation were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that watering from the watering nozzle (watering cultivation) was not performed.

(比較例2)
比較例2として、ペーパーポット(直径:6cm、高さ:15cm)に川砂とバーミキュライトと籾殻くん炭を等量(容量比)で混ぜた育苗土を充填し、7月上旬にチャの穂木を挿し木した後、ミスト灌水による育苗を行った。施肥は、一般法に準じて、挿し木2ヶ月後の9月上旬に液肥を施用し、9月中旬には有機化成肥料を施用した。挿し木してから約9ヶ月後、即ち翌年の4月上旬にポット苗を圃場へ定植し一般法により栽培した。
(Comparative Example 2)
As Comparative Example 2, a paper pot (diameter: 6 cm, height: 15 cm) is filled with seedling soil mixed with equal amounts (volume ratio) of river sand, vermiculite, and rice husk charcoal, and the ear of tea is added in early July. After cutting, the seedling was raised by mist irrigation. In accordance with the general method, fertilization was performed by applying liquid fertilizer in early September, 2 months after cutting, and applying organic chemical fertilizer in mid-September. About 9 months after cutting, that is, at the beginning of April of the following year, pot seedlings were planted in a field and cultivated by a general method.

(比較例3)
比較例3として、育苗土に川砂とピートモスを容量比3:7の割合で混ぜたものを用いた点を除いて、比較例2と同様の方法で、育苗した。
(Comparative Example 3)
As Comparative Example 3, seedlings were grown in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2 except that the seedling soil was mixed with river sand and peat moss in a ratio of 3: 7.

実施例1〜6および比較例1〜3におけるポット苗の生育栽培結果を表2、表3および表4に示す。また、ポット苗の根系発達状況を図3に示す。

Figure 2006320296
Figure 2006320296
Figure 2006320296
The growth cultivation results of the pot seedlings in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4. Moreover, the root system development situation of a pot seedling is shown in FIG.
Figure 2006320296
Figure 2006320296
Figure 2006320296

表2の結果から、実施例1および実施例2の場合、従来技術の比較例2に比べて、根量が多い良質な1年生ポット苗を育苗できることが明らかとなった。散水を行わずに養液栽培だけで育苗した比較例1の場合と比べても、発根が促されたことから、生存率が高く、苗の根量が多くなることがわかった。  From the results of Table 2, in the case of Example 1 and Example 2, it was clarified that a good quality 1-year pot seedling with a large amount of roots could be raised compared to Comparative Example 2 of the prior art. Compared to the case of Comparative Example 1 in which seedlings were nurtured only by hydroponics without watering, rooting was promoted, so that the survival rate was high and the root amount of seedlings was increased.

また、表2および図3の結果から、実施例3および実施例4のように黒色のポットを用いた場合、従来技術の比較例2に比べて、それぞれ根量が279%、136%多く、実施例1および実施例2と比較しても苗の根量が顕著に多かった。  Also, from the results of Table 2 and FIG. 3, when using a black pot as in Example 3 and Example 4, the root amounts were 279% and 136% higher than in Comparative Example 2 of the prior art, respectively. Compared with Example 1 and Example 2, the seedling root amount was remarkably large.

また、表3の結果から、実施例5のように養液栽培に供するポットにポリエチレン製ポットを用いた場合、従来技術の比較例2に比べて、根長と根量が顕著に優れ、実施例3と比較しても根長と根量で同等以上に優れることがわかった。  Moreover, from the result of Table 3, when using the pot made from polyethylene for the pot used for hydroponics like Example 5, compared with the comparative example 2 of a prior art, root length and root amount are remarkably excellent, and implementation Even when compared with Example 3, it was found that the root length and root amount were equivalent or better.

また、表4の結果から、実施例6のように育苗土に川砂とピートモスを容量比3:7の割合で混ぜたものを用いた場合、従来技術の比較例3に比べて、根長と根量が顕著に優れ、実施例5と比較しても新梢の生育が優れる傾向があり、同等以上の生育を示した。  Moreover, from the result of Table 4, when using what mixed river sand and peat moss in the ratio of 3: 7 to the nursery soil like Example 6, compared with the comparative example 3 of a prior art, root length and The amount of roots was remarkably excellent, and the growth of new shoots tended to be excellent even when compared with Example 5, indicating growth equivalent to or higher.

次に、実施例1〜5並びに比較例1および2におけるポット苗を圃場に定植した後の生育結果を表5および表6に示す。また、圃場に定植して3年目となった茶樹を掘り取り、生体重および根の伸長程度を調査した結果を図4および図5に示す。

Figure 2006320296
Figure 2006320296
Next, Tables 5 and 6 show the growth results after the pot seedlings in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were planted in the field. Further, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show the results of digging out a tea tree that has been planted in the field for 3 years and examining the living weight and the extent of root elongation.
Figure 2006320296
Figure 2006320296

表5の結果からわかるように、実施例1、実施例2、実施例3、および実施例4の場合、従来技術の比較例2に比べて、定植後の生育においても、せん枝量および主幹径で優れる傾向がみられた。また、実施例3と比較例2の茶樹を掘り取り、両者を比較すると、実施例3が、図4の結果からわかるように根重および地上部重で優れ、さらに、図5の結果からわかるように地下30〜45cmの木化根と細根、ならびに地下45〜60cmの木化根が有意に重くなり、地下深くほど根量が多い傾向がみられた。  As can be seen from the results in Table 5, in the case of Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4, compared to Comparative Example 2 of the prior art, the amount of twigs and the main trunk also in the growth after planting. There was a tendency to excel in diameter. In addition, when the tea trees of Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 were dug out and compared, Example 3 was excellent in root weight and ground weight as shown in the results of FIG. 4, and further understood from the results of FIG. As shown above, the roots and fine roots of 30 to 45 cm underground and the roots of 45 to 60 cm underground became significantly heavy, and there was a tendency that the deeper the underground, the greater the amount of roots.

また、表6の結果からわかるように、実施例5のように養液栽培に供するポットにポリエチレン製ポットを用いた場合、従来技術の比較例2に比べて、圃場に定植して2年目の生育において、茶樹の生育が総じて優れた。また、実施例3と比較しても、定植後の茶樹の生育は同等以上であり、実施例3と比べて、育苗後のポットの劣化が少なく、持ち運びなど取り扱いが容易で、定植作業の労力が軽減でき、定植後にポットを回収することで次の育苗に再利用できる利点がみられた。  Moreover, as can be seen from the results in Table 6, when a polyethylene pot is used as a pot for hydroponics as in Example 5, compared to Comparative Example 2 of the prior art, the second year after planting in the field. In general, the growth of tea plants was excellent. Compared to Example 3, the growth of tea plants after planting is equivalent or better, and compared to Example 3, there is less deterioration of pots after raising seedlings, easy handling, etc., and labor of planting work There was an advantage that the pot could be reused for the next seedling by collecting the pot after planting.

本発明による育苗方法に用いる養液栽培装置の一様態を示した図である。  It is the figure which showed the one aspect | mode of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus used for the seedling raising method by this invention. 本発明による育苗方法に用いるポットの一様態を示した図である。  It is the figure which showed the uniform state of the pot used for the seedling raising method by this invention. 育苗方法の違いによる定植前の苗の根系発達状況を示した写真である。  It is the photograph which showed the root system development situation of the seedling before fixed planting by the difference in the seedling raising method. 育苗方法の違いによる定植3年目の茶樹の根重と地上部重を示した図である。  It is the figure which showed the root weight and the above-ground part weight of the tea plant of the third year of fixed planting by the difference in the seedling raising method. 育苗方法の違いによる定植3年目の茶樹の根の垂直分布を示した図である。  It is the figure which showed the vertical distribution of the root of the tea tree of the third year of planting by the difference in the seedling raising method. 従来のチャ水耕装置の模式図である。  It is a schematic diagram of the conventional tea hydroponic apparatus.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 栽培ベット
2 養液槽
3 給液ポンプ
4 ストレーナ
5 排液調整バルブ
6 散水ノズル
7 給液管
8 排液管
9 ポット苗
10 槽架台
11 側部
12 底面部
13 通気用孔
14 穂木
15 ポット
16 給液用孔
17 茶葉
18 給水管
25 圧力計
26 ビニル(シルバー)
27 発砲スチロール
28 噴霧ノズル
29 ポリエチレンシート
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cultivation bed 2 Nutrient tank 3 Feeding pump 4 Strainer 5 Drainage adjustment valve 6 Sprinkling nozzle 7 Feeding pipe 8 Drainage pipe 9 Pot seedling 10 Tank mount 11 Side part 12 Bottom part 13 Ventilation hole 14 Hogi 15 Pot 16 Hole for liquid supply 17 Tea leaf 18 Water supply pipe 25 Pressure gauge 26 Vinyl (silver)
27 Styrofoam 28 Spray nozzle 29 Polyethylene sheet

Claims (7)

育苗土を充填して栽培ベットへ載置したポットにチャの穂木を挿し木し、挿し木直後から第1所定期間は散水ノズルによる散水栽培で、その後定植までの第2所定期間は養液槽に蓄えた養液を給液する循環式養液栽培で、チャのポット苗を育苗するチャの育苗方法。  A pot of tea seedlings is inserted into a pot filled with seedling soil and placed on a cultivation bed, and immediately after cutting, it is sprinkled with a watering nozzle for the first predetermined period, and then in a nutrient tank for the second predetermined period until planting. A seedling raising method for tea seedlings by circulating nutrient solution culture that supplies the stored nutrient solution. 前記ポットに黒色ポットを用いることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のチャの育苗方法。  The tea seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein a black pot is used as the pot. 前記ポットにポリエチレン製ポットを用いることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のチャの育苗方法。  3. The tea seedling raising method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a polyethylene pot is used as the pot. 前記ポットの底部に給液用孔が設けられ、前記ポットの側部に通気用孔が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のチャの育苗方法。  4. The tea seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein a liquid supply hole is provided at a bottom portion of the pot, and a ventilation hole is provided at a side portion of the pot. 前記第1所定期間は2〜3ヶ月であることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれかに記載のチャの育苗方法。  The tea seedling raising method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first predetermined period is 2 to 3 months. 前記第2所定期間は、6〜7ヶ月であることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれかに記載のチャの育苗方法。  The method for raising seedlings of tea according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second predetermined period is 6 to 7 months. 前記散水ノズルが栽培ベットの直上に設置されていることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6のいずれかに記載のチャの育苗方法。  The method for raising seedlings of tea according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the watering nozzle is installed immediately above a cultivation bed.
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