JP2006320296A - Method for raising tea seedling - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for raising tea seedlings, comprising culturing the tea seedlings with a nutritious solution by a method suitable for raising the tea seedlings in pots, by which years for raising tea seedlings can be reduced. <P>SOLUTION: This method for raising the tea seedlings 9 comprises planting tea scions 14 in pots 15 filled with seedling-raising soil and put on a culture bed 1, subjecting the seedlings to a water-spraying culture using water-spraying nozzles 6 for the first prescribed period just after the insertion of the seedlings, and then subjecting the cultured seedlings to a circulation type nutritious solution culture using a nutritious solution stored in a nutritious solution tank 2 for the second prescribed period until transplanted. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a tea seedling raising method for raising tea pot seedlings.

  In the tea industry, shortening the number of years of tea planting until the stable production of tea leaves after planting seedlings in the field has become a major issue. In order to shorten the growing years of tea trees, soil type, planting methods, tea tree tailoring methods, fertilizer management, weather conditions, disease and pest damage, etc. are greatly related to seedling type and quality, and good quality seedlings should be nurtured. In this way, the number of years of tea planting can be shortened.

  The most commonly used method for raising tea seedlings is the vinyl-covered cutting method (see Non-Patent Document 1). After cutting the ears on a sufficiently irrigated cutting floor, the tunnel is completely covered with a vinyl film. Although it is a method for raising seedlings in a sealed manner, this method often damages the roots during excavation work of seedlings, thereby suppressing the initial growth of tea trees. Another problem is that it usually takes 2 years to grow seedlings. As a method for improving this point, there is a paper pot nursery method (see Non-Patent Document 2). This paper pot nursery method is a method of cutting a spike into a paper pot filled with seedling soil, irrigating, or tunneling. It is a method of completely sealing with a vinyl film in the formula and raising seedlings, there is no damage to the roots, the roots grow vertically after planting, and the growth of the seedlings is relatively good, It is said to be excellent in growth after planting. However, it takes 5 years, generally 6 to 8 years, at a tea plantation to be able to produce tea leaves stably, and shortening the growing years is still an important issue.

  On the other hand, hydroponic cultivation, which is conducted mainly for vegetables and flowers, can effectively use fertilizer components in addition to the fact that there are no continuous cropping failures due to soil diseases, labor hours can be reduced by equipment and mechanization. There is an advantage that the production volume can be increased and the quality can be improved. For this reason, if tea seedlings are grown by hydroponics, it is considered that the seedlings can be improved in quality by efficient use of fertilizer components, and the tea tree growing years can be shortened.

In the hydroponic cultivation of tea, spray cultivation (see Non-Patent Document 3) is known. This is done by transplanting the tea plant to a hydroponics bed and spraying a nutrient solution containing the elements shown in Table 1 for 15 minutes per hour toward the root zone of the tea plant formed in the space as shown in FIG. It is a method to do.

  However, there has never been an example of growing tea seedlings by hydroponics, and there is no established method for raising tea seedlings by hydroponic cultivation.

Toshio Sakata, Koji Aoki, Masami Kiri, “Labor Saving Sashiki Method by Vinyl Covering of Tea”, Tea Industry Research Report, 1971, No. 35, p. 42-49 Toshio Sakata, Shinichiro Nakamura, Yasuo Kamiya, “Paper pot use for tea sashiki”, Tea Industry Research Report, 1973, No. 39, p. 8-13 Shigeru Konishi, “Nutritional characteristics of tea and the practice of hydroponics”, Agriculture and Horticulture, 1987, Vol. 62, No. 1, p. 223-232

  In the hydroponic culture of tea, the example of nonpatent literature 3 is seen as mentioned above. The nutrient solution used in this method is suitable for the absorption and utilization characteristics of tea trees that have a low pH, nitrogen component is applied with ammonia nitrogen, and the growth is excellent by adding aluminum. It can be used. However, the hydroponics method is a hydroponics method for tea plants that have completed the seedling raising stage, and is not a suitable method for raising seedlings. This is because, in tea seedlings, the humidity and temperature of the rhizosphere for about one month from cutting to rooting of seedlings have an important effect on rooting. This is because it is difficult to promote rooting from seedlings only by spraying toward the root zone of the tea tree formed in the space. In addition, if the roots of seedlings are dried at the time of planting, the subsequent growth is hindered, so the root zone of the seedlings should be wrapped with soil, etc. It is required to be hydroponics that is used. For these reasons, it is considered difficult to use the hydroponics method of Non-Patent Document 3 for tea seedlings.

  In view of the problems of the prior art as described above, the present invention provides a method for raising a tea seedling that can reduce the number of years of tea planting by hydroponically cultivating it using a method suitable for raising seedlings of tea pot seedlings. Objective.

  The inventor of the present invention has conducted diligent research to achieve the above object, and as a result, the first predetermined period immediately after cutting has been sprinkled with a watering nozzle, and then the second predetermined period until planting is a nutrient solution tank. By carrying out the circulation type hydroponic cultivation that supplies the nutrient solution stored in the plant, the growth of the seedlings that grow better than the conventional paper pot seedlings and the growth after planting, and that can contribute to shortening the number of years of tea planting I found out that I can do it.

  That is, in the method for raising tea according to claim 1 of the present invention, the ears of tea are cut into a pot filled with seedling soil and placed on a cultivation bed, and a water spray nozzle is used for a first predetermined period immediately after cutting. It is characterized by growing tea pot seedlings in the circulation type hydroponic culture in which the nutrient solution stored in the nutrient solution tank is supplied during the second predetermined period until the planting in sprinkling cultivation.

  Further, the tea seedling raising method according to claim 2 of the present invention is characterized in that a black pot is used as the pot.

  Further, the tea seedling raising method according to claim 3 of the present invention is characterized in that a polyethylene pot is used as the pot.

  Furthermore, the tea seedling raising method according to claim 4 of the present invention is characterized in that a liquid supply hole is provided at the bottom of the pot and a vent hole is provided at a side of the pot.

  Furthermore, the tea seedling raising method according to claim 5 of the present invention is characterized in that the first predetermined period is 2 to 3 months.

  Furthermore, the tea seedling raising method according to claim 6 of the present invention is characterized in that the second predetermined period is 6 to 7 months.

  The tea seedling raising method according to claim 7 of the present invention is characterized in that the watering nozzle is installed immediately above the cultivation bed.

  According to the tea seedling raising method described in claim 1 of the present invention, since watering cultivation with a watering nozzle is performed for the first predetermined period immediately after cutting, rooting of the pot seedling is uniformly promoted by watering cultivation, and Since the circulation type hydroponic cultivation is performed in the second predetermined period after the sprinkling cultivation, the pot seedling efficiently absorbs the fertilizer component by the hydroponic cultivation after rooting, and cultivates in this way. It is possible to grow excellent annual seedlings with a lot of growth, and the growth of tea trees after planting is thriving, deepening the roots of tea trees and contributing to the shortening of the growing years of tea trees. Moreover, since it is a pot seedling, there is little damage of the root at the time of planting, and it is excellent in workability of planting.

  Furthermore, according to the tea seedling raising method according to claim 2 of the present invention, since a black pot is used as a pot for raising seedlings, root growth inhibition due to greening of roots and generation of algae can be suppressed. As a result, the root amount of the pot seedling is increased, and the growth of the pot seedling can be further improved.

  Furthermore, according to the method for raising seedlings of tea according to claim 3 of the present invention, since a pot made of polyethylene is used as a pot for raising seedlings, there is little deterioration of the pot after raising seedlings, and handling such as carrying is easy. The labor can be reduced, and the pot can be collected after planting and reused for the next seedling.

  Furthermore, according to the tea seedling raising method according to claim 4 of the present invention, since the liquid supply hole is provided at the bottom of the pot and the ventilation hole is provided at the side thereof, the root zone of the pot seedling is moderate. The moisture content, oxygen concentration, and temperature are maintained, and the survival rate of the pot seedling is increased, and the growth of the pot seedling can be further improved.

  Furthermore, according to the method for raising seedlings of tea according to claim 5 of the present invention, since the first predetermined period for sprinkling cultivation immediately after cutting is 2 to 3 months, the rooting alignment of the pot seedlings that have been cut is excellent. The efficient use of fertilizer components by subsequent hydroponics can be maintained for a long time. Moreover, the survival rate of pot seedlings can be increased.

  Furthermore, according to the method for raising seedlings of tea according to claim 6 of the present invention, since the second predetermined period of 6 to 7 months for circulating hydroponic cultivation after sprinkling cultivation, Sufficient nutrients can be given to promote the growth of tea and shorten the cultivation period after planting.

  Furthermore, according to the tea seedling raising method according to claim 7 of the present invention, since the watering nozzle is installed immediately above the cultivation bed, water can be uniformly sprayed on the pot seedling placed on the cultivation bed. The rooting alignment is excellent, and the survival rate of pot seedlings can be increased.

  The seedling raising method according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. An example of the pot used for the seedling raising method by this invention is typically shown in FIG. The illustrated pot 15 is made of a material that can withstand a long-term flooding condition, but is preferably made of polyethylene. The color of the pot 15 is not limited, but it is preferable to use a black one that does not inhibit the growth of roots in the pot 15 and can suppress the generation of algae. Such a pot 15 has a substantially cylindrical outer diameter, the upper end is formed somewhat larger than the lower end, and the upper end has a diameter of about 5 to 10 cm so as not to block vigorous growth of the roots. The length is about 15 to 20 cm. A liquid supply hole 16 is provided at the bottom of the pot 15, that is, the bottom of the side surface of the bottom surface portion 12 and the side portion 11 (for example, a portion from the bottom surface portion 12 to about 3 cm), and the remaining portion (side surface) of the side portion 11 is provided. Ventilation holes 13 are provided in the middle part and the upper part of the side surface. The liquid supply hole 16 and the vent hole 13 may have a diameter of about 5 mm, for example. The shape of the pot 15 is not limited to a substantially circular shape, and may be an appropriate shape such as a substantially square shape, and the shape and size of the liquid supply hole 16 and the vent hole 13 may be an appropriate shape and size. .

  When cultivating cha-hogi 14, for example, river sand, vermiculite, rice husk charcoal, peat moss, or seedling soil mixed with them, it is possible to support hogi 14 and it is difficult to contaminate the nutrient solution during hydroponics Is used as seedling soil, and such seedling soil is filled in the pot 15.

  Thus, the pot 15 filled with the seedling soil is placed on the cultivation bed 1 of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus schematically illustrated in FIG. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, tea pots 14 are inserted into these pots 15. The hogi 14 has about 2 tea leaves 17 attached, and the length of the hogi 14 is about 4 to 8 cm.

  Here, an example of the nutrient solution cultivation apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The illustrated nutrient solution cultivation apparatus includes a cultivation bed 1 that can hold a certain amount of nutrient solution, a nutrient solution tank 2 that stores the nutrient solution, and a nutrient solution. In order to adjust the amount of drainage discharged from the cultivation bed 1 to the nutrient solution tank 2 and the strainer 4 for removing impurities such as dust in the nutrient solution, the feed pump 3 for supplying the solution to the cultivation bed 1 The drainage adjustment valve 5 and the watering nozzle 6 for spraying water are comprised. The nutrient solution tank 2 and the cultivation bed 1 are connected via a solution supply pipe 7, and a solution supply pump 3 is disposed in the suction portion (portion immersed in the nutrient solution of the nutrient solution tank 2) of the solution supply pipe 7. The strainer 4 is disposed in the middle of the liquid supply pipe 7. Moreover, the cultivation bed 1 and the nutrient solution tank 2 are connected via a drainage pipe 8, and a drainage adjustment valve 5 is disposed in the drainage pipe 8. Since it is comprised in this way, the nutrient solution stored in the nutrient solution tank 2 is supplied to the cultivation bed 1 through the supply pipe 7 by the supply pump 3, and the nutrient solution supplied to the cultivation bed 1 is drained. It is drained into the nutrient solution tank 2 through the pipe 8. A plurality of watering nozzles 6 are attached to the water supply pipe 18 at intervals in the axial direction, and are connected to a water supply source (not shown) via the water supply pipe 18. Since it is comprised in this way, the water from a water supply source is supplied to the some watering nozzle 6 through the water supply pipe | tube 18, The upper surface (specifically, it mounts on the cultivation bed 1) from these watering nozzles 6 Water is sprayed toward the placed pot seedling 9 (the panicle 14 inserted into the pot 15 is referred to as the pot seedling 9.) These watering nozzles 6 are cultivated so that water can be sprayed substantially uniformly throughout the cultivation bed 1. It is preferable to arrange it directly above the bed 1.

  A hot tree 14 is inserted into a pot 15 placed on the cultivation bed 1, and water is sprayed from the watering nozzle 6 to the pot seedling 9 for a first predetermined period immediately after cutting (so-called watering cultivation). Sprinkling in sprinkling cultivation is performed for about one minute every hour during the day, but the amount of sprinkling is adjusted as appropriate while paying attention to rooting inhibition due to humidification and death due to water shortage. This first predetermined period is preferably 2 to 3 months, and by carrying out the above-mentioned sprinkling cultivation for a period of 2 to 3 months, the roots of the hogi 14 can be sufficiently developed and the amount of roots can be increased. In this sprinkling cultivation, the seedling soil is ventilated through the vent hole 13 of the pot 15 and the seedling soil is also ventilated through the liquid supply hole 16. During the sprinkling cultivation, no nutrient solution is supplied from the nutrient solution tank 2 to the cultivation bed 1.

  After watering cultivation of the pot seedling 9 placed on the cultivation bed 1 for a first predetermined period, a nutrient solution containing a fertilizer component is introduced into the nutrient solution tank 2, and the pot seedling 9 is hydroponically grown for a second predetermined period. Circulation type hydroponic cultivation is performed by the apparatus (at this time, water is not sprayed from the watering nozzle 6). The liquid supply amount and the drainage amount to the cultivation bed 1 are, for example, amounts such that the water depth in the cultivation bed 1 during supply is maintained at 3 to 5 cm, and the liquid supply time in the circulation type hydroponic cultivation is 10 to 15 per hour. It is preferable to use intermittent liquid supply for about a minute. Circulation type nutrient solution cultivation is carried out until the pot seedling 9 is planted in the field. During this time, if the nutrient solution is reduced by evaporation or the like in the circulation process, water or nutrient solution is appropriately supplemented and the nutrient solution is added. The pH and EC are adjusted appropriately. The second predetermined period is 6 to 7 months, and the cultivation can be promoted by supplying necessary nutrients to the pot seedling 9 by cultivating the circulation type hydroponics over the second predetermined period. In this circulation type nutrient solution cultivation, the nutrient solution in the cultivation bed 1 is supplied to the seedling soil through the liquid supply hole 16 of the pot 15 and the seedling soil is ventilated through the vent hole 13. In addition, as a nutrient solution used for nutrient solution cultivation, the well-known thing mentioned above, for example can be used.

  The grown pot seedling 9 is transported to a field where planting is performed using a tray or the like, and the pot 15 is removed at the time of planting, and the seedling is transplanted to the field with the seedling soil covering the rhizosphere. The pot 15 which has been planted is collected and reused for the next seedling.

  The seedlings of tea grown by hydroponics after sprinkling cultivation become excellent annual seedlings with a large amount of roots, and by planting such seedlings, tea planting after planting is thriving, and the roots of tea trees As a result, it is possible to shorten the number of years for growing tea trees, and the required number of years for growing 6 to 8 years is 3 to 5 years, which is about 3 years. Can do.

Example 1
A pot seedling raising experiment was conducted using the pot of the form illustrated in FIG. 2 and the hydroponic cultivation apparatus illustrated in FIG. In Example 1, the pot used was a colorless and transparent polyvinyl pot (width: 9 cm, depth: 9 cm, height: 15 cm), provided with a plurality of liquid supply holes at the bottom, and a plurality of holes at the side. Ventilation holes were provided. This pot was filled with seedling soil mixed with equal amounts (volume ratio) of river sand, vermiculite and rice husk charcoal, and this pot was placed on the cultivation bed of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus. Then, tea pots were cut into these pots in early July, and water was sprinkled from a watering nozzle for two months immediately after cuttings (sprinkling cultivation). And after this sprinkling cultivation, the nutrient solution was filled in the nutrient solution tank, and the nutrient solution was intermittently supplied from the nutrient solution tank and cultivated (nutritional solution cultivation). The nutrient solution shown in Table 1 was used. About 9 months after cutting, that is, at the beginning of April of the following year, pot seedlings were planted in a field and cultivated by a general method.

(Example 2)
As Example 2, seedling raising, planting and cultivation were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the watering period from the watering nozzle, that is, the watering period was 3 months.

(Example 3)
As Example 3, raising seedlings, planting and cultivating were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a black polyvinyl pot was used instead of the colorless and transparent polyvinyl pot.

Example 4
As Example 4, seedling raising, planting and cultivation were carried out in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the watering period from the watering nozzle, that is, the watering period was 3 months.

(Example 5)
Example 5 was the same as Example 3 except that a black substantially cylindrical columnar polyethylene pot (diameter: 9 cm, height: 20 cm) was used instead of the black approximately square columnar polyvinyl pot. Planted, planted and cultivated.

(Example 6)
As Example 6, seedlings were grown in the same manner as Example 5 except that the seedling soil was mixed with river sand and peat moss in a ratio of 3: 7.

(Comparative Example 1)
As Comparative Example 1, seedlings, planting and cultivation were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that watering from the watering nozzle (watering cultivation) was not performed.

(Comparative Example 2)
As Comparative Example 2, a paper pot (diameter: 6 cm, height: 15 cm) is filled with seedling soil mixed with equal amounts (volume ratio) of river sand, vermiculite, and rice husk charcoal, and the ear of tea is added in early July. After cutting, the seedling was raised by mist irrigation. In accordance with the general method, fertilization was performed by applying liquid fertilizer in early September, 2 months after cutting, and applying organic chemical fertilizer in mid-September. About 9 months after cutting, that is, at the beginning of April of the following year, pot seedlings were planted in a field and cultivated by a general method.

(Comparative Example 3)
As Comparative Example 3, seedlings were grown in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2 except that the seedling soil was mixed with river sand and peat moss in a ratio of 3: 7.

The growth cultivation results of the pot seedlings in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4. Moreover, the root system development situation of a pot seedling is shown in FIG.

  From the results of Table 2, in the case of Example 1 and Example 2, it was clarified that a good quality 1-year pot seedling with a large amount of roots could be raised compared to Comparative Example 2 of the prior art. Compared to the case of Comparative Example 1 in which seedlings were nurtured only by hydroponics without watering, rooting was promoted, so that the survival rate was high and the root amount of seedlings was increased.

  Also, from the results of Table 2 and FIG. 3, when using a black pot as in Example 3 and Example 4, the root amounts were 279% and 136% higher than in Comparative Example 2 of the prior art, respectively. Compared with Example 1 and Example 2, the seedling root amount was remarkably large.

  Moreover, from the result of Table 3, when using the pot made from polyethylene for the pot used for hydroponics like Example 5, compared with the comparative example 2 of a prior art, root length and root amount are remarkably excellent, and implementation Even when compared with Example 3, it was found that the root length and root amount were equivalent or better.

  Moreover, from the result of Table 4, when using what mixed river sand and peat moss in the ratio of 3: 7 to the nursery soil like Example 6, compared with the comparative example 3 of a prior art, root length and The amount of roots was remarkably excellent, and the growth of new shoots tended to be excellent even when compared with Example 5, indicating growth equivalent to or higher.

Next, Tables 5 and 6 show the growth results after the pot seedlings in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were planted in the field. Further, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show the results of digging out a tea tree that has been planted in the field for 3 years and examining the living weight and the extent of root elongation.

  As can be seen from the results in Table 5, in the case of Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4, compared to Comparative Example 2 of the prior art, the amount of twigs and the main trunk also in the growth after planting. There was a tendency to excel in diameter. In addition, when the tea trees of Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 were dug out and compared, Example 3 was excellent in root weight and ground weight as shown in the results of FIG. 4, and further understood from the results of FIG. As shown above, the roots and fine roots of 30 to 45 cm underground and the roots of 45 to 60 cm underground became significantly heavy, and there was a tendency that the deeper the underground, the greater the amount of roots.

  Moreover, as can be seen from the results in Table 6, when a polyethylene pot is used as a pot for hydroponics as in Example 5, compared to Comparative Example 2 of the prior art, the second year after planting in the field. In general, the growth of tea plants was excellent. Compared to Example 3, the growth of tea plants after planting is equivalent or better, and compared to Example 3, there is less deterioration of pots after raising seedlings, easy handling, etc., and labor of planting work There was an advantage that the pot could be reused for the next seedling by collecting the pot after planting.

  It is the figure which showed the one aspect | mode of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus used for the seedling raising method by this invention.   It is the figure which showed the uniform state of the pot used for the seedling raising method by this invention.   It is the photograph which showed the root system development situation of the seedling before fixed planting by the difference in the seedling raising method.   It is the figure which showed the root weight and the above-ground part weight of the tea plant of the third year of fixed planting by the difference in the seedling raising method.   It is the figure which showed the vertical distribution of the root of the tea tree of the third year of planting by the difference in the seedling raising method.   It is a schematic diagram of the conventional tea hydroponic apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cultivation bed 2 Nutrient tank 3 Feeding pump 4 Strainer 5 Drainage adjustment valve 6 Sprinkling nozzle 7 Feeding pipe 8 Drainage pipe 9 Pot seedling 10 Tank mount 11 Side part 12 Bottom part 13 Ventilation hole 14 Hogi 15 Pot 16 Hole for liquid supply 17 Tea leaf 18 Water supply pipe 25 Pressure gauge 26 Vinyl (silver)
27 Styrofoam 28 Spray nozzle 29 Polyethylene sheet

Claims (7)

  A pot of tea seedlings is inserted into a pot filled with seedling soil and placed on a cultivation bed, and immediately after cutting, it is sprinkled with a watering nozzle for the first predetermined period, and then in a nutrient tank for the second predetermined period until planting. A seedling raising method for tea seedlings by circulating nutrient solution culture that supplies the stored nutrient solution.   The tea seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein a black pot is used as the pot.   3. The tea seedling raising method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a polyethylene pot is used as the pot.   4. The tea seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein a liquid supply hole is provided at a bottom portion of the pot, and a ventilation hole is provided at a side portion of the pot.   The tea seedling raising method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first predetermined period is 2 to 3 months.   The method for raising seedlings of tea according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second predetermined period is 6 to 7 months.   The method for raising seedlings of tea according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the watering nozzle is installed immediately above a cultivation bed.

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