CA2923364C - Method for cultivating rape seedlings - Google Patents
Method for cultivating rape seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CA2923364C CA2923364C CA2923364A CA2923364A CA2923364C CA 2923364 C CA2923364 C CA 2923364C CA 2923364 A CA2923364 A CA 2923364A CA 2923364 A CA2923364 A CA 2923364A CA 2923364 C CA2923364 C CA 2923364C
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/04—Arranging seed on carriers, e.g. on tapes, on cords ; Carrier compositions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/04—Arranging seed on carriers, e.g. on tapes, on cords ; Carrier compositions
- A01C1/044—Sheets, multiple sheets or mats
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
A method for cultivating seedlings is disclosed, which includes: preparing a seedling-raising field: select a flat concrete court, a flat clay land or artificial greenhouse; preparing bed soil: the soil is derived from parcel of rice fields, fertilizer and plant fiber are stirred in the soil, and sterilization is carried out; laying the bed soil: seedlings are raised by a seeding tray, or by a frame made on the seedling-raising field; treating seeds: seeds are dressed by adding a seed-treating agent in the seeds; sowing: the seeds are evenly distributed; managing water: when the seedlings are raised by a seeding tray, it is required as follows: sowing is carried out in the case of enough moisture, the seeds are covered in the case of optimum moisture, the moisture is kept by folding the tray, moisture is supplemented by covering, and water is controlled by uncovering; managing the fertilizer; and transplanting.
Description
METHOD FOR CULTIVATING RAPE SEEDLINGS
BACKGROUND
Technical Field The present invention relates to the field of agricultural technologies, and in particular, to a method for cultivating seedlings.
Related Art Rape is one of the main oil crops in the world, and can be planted by direct seeding and seedling transplantation. The rape has high direct seeding efficiency and a low cost, so this is mostly used in single cropping areas for planting. The problem of direct seeding is that seedling emergence after sowing is greatly affected by natural disasters such as drought, waterlogging and low temperatures, and sometimes devastating losses may even occur. In addition, in some high latitude areas, due to low temperatures, the effective accumulative temperature in the growing period of the rape is insufficient, and it is difficult to achieve high yield. The seedling transplantation can effectively solve the problem in the direct seeding. However, the conventional rape seedling transplantation uses seedbed seedling and artificial picking and transplanting, which not only requires more labor and great labor intensity, has low production efficiency, but also increases the production cost. In recent years, various rape transplanting machines and tools have been developed, but they still cannot meet the demand for extensive production in terms of improving transplanting efficiency and controlling the cost and thus cannot be applied to large-scale production.
Therefore, to realize mechanization of the rape planting process, it is necessary to readjust the solution, that is, to convert one-way adaptability research from agricultural machinery to agronomy to two-way adaptability research between agricultural machinery and agronomy.
A mechanical transplanting technology that uses high speed cutting is realized by cultivating blanket seedlings in rice, which has a high degree of automation and high efficiency. Reference can be made to the Chinese Invention Patent Application No.
201110129961.9 for related contents. Although this method increases the cost for raising seedlings and purchasing transplanting machines, use of the method is still cost-efficient because it increases the rice yield and reduces the labor input.
To transplant the rape as rapidly and conveniently as to transplant the rice, and to realize mechanization, it is a worthwhile attempt to cultivate blanket rape seedlings similar to the blanket rice seedlings and properly modify a rice planter to adapt to the need for planting the blanket rape seedlings in dry land. However, the biological characteristics of rape and rice differ greatly. Firstly, their root system structures are totally different. The rice has a fibrous root system, which does not have a main root but has lots of thick and long lateral roots; the root system is developed, and it is very easy for roots to be entangled with roots and with soil into a whole, to form seedling pieces. The rape has a tap root system, in which the main root is developed, but lateral roots are thin and short; the total number of the roots is fewer, and under normal circumstances, the seedling block formed by intertwining of the root system has insufficient strength, is easy to loosen, and is difficult to be mounted onto the machine for transplanting. Secondly, the rice is a monocot crop, and the rice leaves are elongated, which occupy less space individually and can grow under high density conditions. The rape is a dicotyledon crop, and the rape leaves are similar to the oval, which occupy great space individually. In the case of large density, the root collar and the basal internode of the seedlings are easy to extend, to form linear seedlings, and this must be avoided for cultivating robust rape seedlings.
However, if high-density sowing cannot be realized, it means that the area of seedlings transplanted to the land per unit area will increase, the seedling cost will increase, and the transplanting efficiency will decrease, thereby increasing the application cost of the technology. In addition, the rice is an aquatic crop, while the rape is a xerophytic crop, so their demands for water in the seedling stage are different, and thus the seedling raising techniques also differ greatly.
In view of the above, by using a standardized and large-scale seedling raising manner to cultivate high-density and robust blanket rape seedlings and using the existing mature rice planter for transplanting, high efficiency and a low cost can be achieved, which can
BACKGROUND
Technical Field The present invention relates to the field of agricultural technologies, and in particular, to a method for cultivating seedlings.
Related Art Rape is one of the main oil crops in the world, and can be planted by direct seeding and seedling transplantation. The rape has high direct seeding efficiency and a low cost, so this is mostly used in single cropping areas for planting. The problem of direct seeding is that seedling emergence after sowing is greatly affected by natural disasters such as drought, waterlogging and low temperatures, and sometimes devastating losses may even occur. In addition, in some high latitude areas, due to low temperatures, the effective accumulative temperature in the growing period of the rape is insufficient, and it is difficult to achieve high yield. The seedling transplantation can effectively solve the problem in the direct seeding. However, the conventional rape seedling transplantation uses seedbed seedling and artificial picking and transplanting, which not only requires more labor and great labor intensity, has low production efficiency, but also increases the production cost. In recent years, various rape transplanting machines and tools have been developed, but they still cannot meet the demand for extensive production in terms of improving transplanting efficiency and controlling the cost and thus cannot be applied to large-scale production.
Therefore, to realize mechanization of the rape planting process, it is necessary to readjust the solution, that is, to convert one-way adaptability research from agricultural machinery to agronomy to two-way adaptability research between agricultural machinery and agronomy.
A mechanical transplanting technology that uses high speed cutting is realized by cultivating blanket seedlings in rice, which has a high degree of automation and high efficiency. Reference can be made to the Chinese Invention Patent Application No.
201110129961.9 for related contents. Although this method increases the cost for raising seedlings and purchasing transplanting machines, use of the method is still cost-efficient because it increases the rice yield and reduces the labor input.
To transplant the rape as rapidly and conveniently as to transplant the rice, and to realize mechanization, it is a worthwhile attempt to cultivate blanket rape seedlings similar to the blanket rice seedlings and properly modify a rice planter to adapt to the need for planting the blanket rape seedlings in dry land. However, the biological characteristics of rape and rice differ greatly. Firstly, their root system structures are totally different. The rice has a fibrous root system, which does not have a main root but has lots of thick and long lateral roots; the root system is developed, and it is very easy for roots to be entangled with roots and with soil into a whole, to form seedling pieces. The rape has a tap root system, in which the main root is developed, but lateral roots are thin and short; the total number of the roots is fewer, and under normal circumstances, the seedling block formed by intertwining of the root system has insufficient strength, is easy to loosen, and is difficult to be mounted onto the machine for transplanting. Secondly, the rice is a monocot crop, and the rice leaves are elongated, which occupy less space individually and can grow under high density conditions. The rape is a dicotyledon crop, and the rape leaves are similar to the oval, which occupy great space individually. In the case of large density, the root collar and the basal internode of the seedlings are easy to extend, to form linear seedlings, and this must be avoided for cultivating robust rape seedlings.
However, if high-density sowing cannot be realized, it means that the area of seedlings transplanted to the land per unit area will increase, the seedling cost will increase, and the transplanting efficiency will decrease, thereby increasing the application cost of the technology. In addition, the rice is an aquatic crop, while the rape is a xerophytic crop, so their demands for water in the seedling stage are different, and thus the seedling raising techniques also differ greatly.
In view of the above, by using a standardized and large-scale seedling raising manner to cultivate high-density and robust blanket rape seedlings and using the existing mature rice planter for transplanting, high efficiency and a low cost can be achieved, which can
2 effectively solve the problem existing during production of direct-seeding rape and seedling-transplantation rape. Meanwhile, although successful research has been carried out on cultivation of the blanket rice seedlings, which can provide referential experience for raising rape seedlings, the rape and the rice have lots of differences, and there are lots of technical difficulties to solve.
SUMMARY
An objective of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating blanket rape seedlings suitable for machine transplanting.
To achieve the objective, the present invention uses the following technical solution:
1. Prepare a seedling-raising field.
The seedling-raising field can be selected according to actual situations:
the field may be a flat concrete court, a flat soil land or artificial greenhouse; which has no shading around, is easy to supply water, and has smooth drainage. In the case of raising seedlings by using a seedling tray, the seedlings are directly arranged on the concrete court;
in the case of raising seedlings by using a frame, a layer of a thin-film material, such as a plastic film, is first spread on the ground, and when a connection strength of a root system of cultivated seedling blocks is not sufficient to form blanket seedlings, it is possible to cut the thin-film material and then pick the thin-film material together with the seedling blocks, which assists in forming a one-piece seedling block. In the case of raising seedlings on the soil land, the plastic film can also prevent the root system of the seedlings from going deeply below the ground, thereby preventing difficult seedling picking and damage to the root system during seedling picking.
2. Prepare bed soil.
(2.1) Soil of the bed soil is taken from parcel of a field whose previous crop is a non-crucifer crop; the soil should be sieved, and the texture of the soil is fine and uniform.
The rape is the crucifer crop, and to reduce transfer of disease sources, the soil whose previous crop is a crucifer crop should be avoided. The purpose of the sieving is to remove the stone, grass and large particles in the soil. The texture of the soil is fine and uniform, so
SUMMARY
An objective of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating blanket rape seedlings suitable for machine transplanting.
To achieve the objective, the present invention uses the following technical solution:
1. Prepare a seedling-raising field.
The seedling-raising field can be selected according to actual situations:
the field may be a flat concrete court, a flat soil land or artificial greenhouse; which has no shading around, is easy to supply water, and has smooth drainage. In the case of raising seedlings by using a seedling tray, the seedlings are directly arranged on the concrete court;
in the case of raising seedlings by using a frame, a layer of a thin-film material, such as a plastic film, is first spread on the ground, and when a connection strength of a root system of cultivated seedling blocks is not sufficient to form blanket seedlings, it is possible to cut the thin-film material and then pick the thin-film material together with the seedling blocks, which assists in forming a one-piece seedling block. In the case of raising seedlings on the soil land, the plastic film can also prevent the root system of the seedlings from going deeply below the ground, thereby preventing difficult seedling picking and damage to the root system during seedling picking.
2. Prepare bed soil.
(2.1) Soil of the bed soil is taken from parcel of a field whose previous crop is a non-crucifer crop; the soil should be sieved, and the texture of the soil is fine and uniform.
The rape is the crucifer crop, and to reduce transfer of disease sources, the soil whose previous crop is a crucifer crop should be avoided. The purpose of the sieving is to remove the stone, grass and large particles in the soil. The texture of the soil is fine and uniform, so
3 as to ensure that the seedlings come out evenly.
(2.2) Stir fertilizers in the soil. 0.3 g to 0.8 g of pure nitrogen, 0.2 g to 0.5 g of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, 0.02 g to 0.04 g of borax and 5 g to 25 g of rotten organic fertilizer are stirred in each liter of bed soil and mixed evenly.
Stirring the rotten organic fertilizer in the bed soil helps to form a micelle structure in the bed soil, which is beneficial to plant growth and continuous supply of fertilizer effect. The benefit of maturity of the organic fertilizer is that it can eliminate some pathogens.
(2.3) Add plant fibers. The plant fibers of non-crucifer crops, for example, 2.5 g to 10 g of crushed rice straw, are stirred in each liter of the bed soil and mixed evenly. A length of the fibers is 10 mm to 30 mm, and a diameter thereof is 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm.
Effects of adding the plant fibers are as follows: making up insufficient number and strength of vegetable seedling roots, serving as a connection link between the soil and between the root systems and the soil, and enhancing a connection strength of the seedling blocks; improving water retaining capacity of the bed soil, and reducing the number of times of watering in a seedling stage; and reducing a weight of the bed soil, to facilitate transportation and handling.
(2.4) Sterilize the bed soil. The bed soil is sterilized by using a fungicide such as carbendazim, and this step is important and necessary. One of the most important characteristics of cultivating rape seedlings according to this method is that the density is very high, and the seedling amount per square meter is up to 2000-8000 strains. Under high-density conditions, the seedlings have weak quality and poor resistance, and are vulnerable to infection of pathogenic bacteria to cause widespread dead seedlings. If the bed soil is disinfected and sterilized with a certain concentration of fungicide, the dead seedling phenomenon almost disappears.
The above four points are important techniques of raising seedlings under high-density rape conditions. This seedling raising method has very strict requirements for the bed soil, as good bed soil is the basic guarantee for cultivating high-quality rape seedlings.
3. Lay the bed soil.
(2.2) Stir fertilizers in the soil. 0.3 g to 0.8 g of pure nitrogen, 0.2 g to 0.5 g of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, 0.02 g to 0.04 g of borax and 5 g to 25 g of rotten organic fertilizer are stirred in each liter of bed soil and mixed evenly.
Stirring the rotten organic fertilizer in the bed soil helps to form a micelle structure in the bed soil, which is beneficial to plant growth and continuous supply of fertilizer effect. The benefit of maturity of the organic fertilizer is that it can eliminate some pathogens.
(2.3) Add plant fibers. The plant fibers of non-crucifer crops, for example, 2.5 g to 10 g of crushed rice straw, are stirred in each liter of the bed soil and mixed evenly. A length of the fibers is 10 mm to 30 mm, and a diameter thereof is 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm.
Effects of adding the plant fibers are as follows: making up insufficient number and strength of vegetable seedling roots, serving as a connection link between the soil and between the root systems and the soil, and enhancing a connection strength of the seedling blocks; improving water retaining capacity of the bed soil, and reducing the number of times of watering in a seedling stage; and reducing a weight of the bed soil, to facilitate transportation and handling.
(2.4) Sterilize the bed soil. The bed soil is sterilized by using a fungicide such as carbendazim, and this step is important and necessary. One of the most important characteristics of cultivating rape seedlings according to this method is that the density is very high, and the seedling amount per square meter is up to 2000-8000 strains. Under high-density conditions, the seedlings have weak quality and poor resistance, and are vulnerable to infection of pathogenic bacteria to cause widespread dead seedlings. If the bed soil is disinfected and sterilized with a certain concentration of fungicide, the dead seedling phenomenon almost disappears.
The above four points are important techniques of raising seedlings under high-density rape conditions. This seedling raising method has very strict requirements for the bed soil, as good bed soil is the basic guarantee for cultivating high-quality rape seedlings.
3. Lay the bed soil.
4 The bed soil for raising seedlings can be laid in the following forms:
(3.1) Seedling trays with a certain size are selected to raise the seedlings (FIG. 1), and a length, a width and a depth of the seedling tray are determined according to requirements of transplanting machinery. A bottom of the seedling tray is provided with a certain number of small holes, to facilitate discharge of excessive water in the seedling tray. A layer of a durable thin-film material is laid on the bottom of the seedling tray, for example, a plastic film or non-woven fabric. A width of the film is equal to the bottom of the seedling tray, a length thereof is slightly longer than that of the seedling tray, and it is required that there are still a small amount of thin film remaining outside on two ends after the bed soil is put into the seedling tray, so that two ends of the film can be held in hands to assist in picking seedlings. Effects of the thin-film material are as follows: 1. assisting in picking seedlings when an intertwining strength of the roots of the seedlings is not sufficient to form a seedling block that can be turned and picked; 2: preventing roots from growing to outside from the drain holes at the bottom of the seedling tray. The bed soil is put into the seedling tray, a height of the bed soil is slightly lower than that of the tray mouth, and a surface is smoothened. Multiple seedling trays are arranged in rows in the seedling-raising field, and suitable aisles are reserved in the middle for field management.
Alternatively, the seedling trays are three-dimensionally arranged within the artificial greenhouse for management.
(3.2) Prepare a seedling frame on the seedling-raising field (FIG. 2). A thick material is used for an outline frame, to form an enclosed rectangle, and the enclosed area depends on actual situations of the seedling-raising field and management convenience. A
light and thin material is used inside the enclosed area as spacer plates to divide the area into several small frames with a certain size, and the size and a height of the small frames are determined according to requirements of transplanting machinery. The spacer plates contact the ground, to separate the bed soil in each small frame from each other, so that seedling blocks independent of each other are cultivated. A manufacturing material of the seedling frame should be strong and not easy to deform, such as aluminum alloy and PVC, and a connection mode thereof should be easy to disassemble, to make the seedling frame easy to store and reusable, thereby reducing the seedling cost.
(3.1) Seedling trays with a certain size are selected to raise the seedlings (FIG. 1), and a length, a width and a depth of the seedling tray are determined according to requirements of transplanting machinery. A bottom of the seedling tray is provided with a certain number of small holes, to facilitate discharge of excessive water in the seedling tray. A layer of a durable thin-film material is laid on the bottom of the seedling tray, for example, a plastic film or non-woven fabric. A width of the film is equal to the bottom of the seedling tray, a length thereof is slightly longer than that of the seedling tray, and it is required that there are still a small amount of thin film remaining outside on two ends after the bed soil is put into the seedling tray, so that two ends of the film can be held in hands to assist in picking seedlings. Effects of the thin-film material are as follows: 1. assisting in picking seedlings when an intertwining strength of the roots of the seedlings is not sufficient to form a seedling block that can be turned and picked; 2: preventing roots from growing to outside from the drain holes at the bottom of the seedling tray. The bed soil is put into the seedling tray, a height of the bed soil is slightly lower than that of the tray mouth, and a surface is smoothened. Multiple seedling trays are arranged in rows in the seedling-raising field, and suitable aisles are reserved in the middle for field management.
Alternatively, the seedling trays are three-dimensionally arranged within the artificial greenhouse for management.
(3.2) Prepare a seedling frame on the seedling-raising field (FIG. 2). A thick material is used for an outline frame, to form an enclosed rectangle, and the enclosed area depends on actual situations of the seedling-raising field and management convenience. A
light and thin material is used inside the enclosed area as spacer plates to divide the area into several small frames with a certain size, and the size and a height of the small frames are determined according to requirements of transplanting machinery. The spacer plates contact the ground, to separate the bed soil in each small frame from each other, so that seedling blocks independent of each other are cultivated. A manufacturing material of the seedling frame should be strong and not easy to deform, such as aluminum alloy and PVC, and a connection mode thereof should be easy to disassemble, to make the seedling frame easy to store and reusable, thereby reducing the seedling cost.
5 The bed soil is laid in the seedling frame, and the surface is smoothened.
After the division is completed, the bed soil is laid in the seedling frame, and the surface is smoothened. Similarly, the division material should be easy to disassemble and reusable.
4. Treat seeds.
One important characteristic of the method for raising seedlings of the present invention is that the density is very great, which is generally 2000-8000 strains/m2. Under circumstances of such density, if the seeds are not treated in advance, the root collar of the seedlings will immediately elongate after coming out, and then the basal internode also begins to elongate. This needs to be avoided to the utmost for cultivating robust seedlings.
A study of seed treatment by using a chemical method shows that the method can effectively prevent elongation of the root collar and the basal intemode, making it possible to cultivate strong seedlings.
A seed-treating agent includes the following compositions: indolebutyric acid, uniconazole, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate, the compositions are prepared into a solution with water, and the composition of each liter of the treating agent solution is:
0.2 g of indolebutyric acid, 6 g of 5% uniconazole, 215 mg of ammonium molybdate, 117 mg of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 234 mg of magnesium sulfate, 0.8 mg of boric acid, 1.6 mg of zinc sulfate, 1.6 mg of manganese sulfate, and the rest is water.
The method for treating the seeds is: adding a certain amount of the solution to the seeds per unit weight to treat the seeds, and generally 100g of the seeds are stirred with 1 ml to 8 ml of the treating agent, or the compositions of a corresponding dosage are used to treat the seeds with another method; sufficient stirring is required, to make the solution evenly distributed on the seeds. The treated seeds can be sowed after drying.
The concentration of the compositions of the solution and the quantity of the solution used depend on variety characteristics, thousand seed weight and seeding density, and experiments are required in advance for different situations to achieve the best effect.
After the division is completed, the bed soil is laid in the seedling frame, and the surface is smoothened. Similarly, the division material should be easy to disassemble and reusable.
4. Treat seeds.
One important characteristic of the method for raising seedlings of the present invention is that the density is very great, which is generally 2000-8000 strains/m2. Under circumstances of such density, if the seeds are not treated in advance, the root collar of the seedlings will immediately elongate after coming out, and then the basal internode also begins to elongate. This needs to be avoided to the utmost for cultivating robust seedlings.
A study of seed treatment by using a chemical method shows that the method can effectively prevent elongation of the root collar and the basal intemode, making it possible to cultivate strong seedlings.
A seed-treating agent includes the following compositions: indolebutyric acid, uniconazole, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate, the compositions are prepared into a solution with water, and the composition of each liter of the treating agent solution is:
0.2 g of indolebutyric acid, 6 g of 5% uniconazole, 215 mg of ammonium molybdate, 117 mg of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 234 mg of magnesium sulfate, 0.8 mg of boric acid, 1.6 mg of zinc sulfate, 1.6 mg of manganese sulfate, and the rest is water.
The method for treating the seeds is: adding a certain amount of the solution to the seeds per unit weight to treat the seeds, and generally 100g of the seeds are stirred with 1 ml to 8 ml of the treating agent, or the compositions of a corresponding dosage are used to treat the seeds with another method; sufficient stirring is required, to make the solution evenly distributed on the seeds. The treated seeds can be sowed after drying.
The concentration of the compositions of the solution and the quantity of the solution used depend on variety characteristics, thousand seed weight and seeding density, and experiments are required in advance for different situations to achieve the best effect.
6 The seeds treated with the method, after coming out, can effectively reduce the length of the root collar, increase the thickness of the root collar, and reduce the risk of elongation of the basal intemode of the seedlings. These changes are very beneficial for cultivating robust seedlings.
5. Sowing.
The basic requirement of sowing is to evenly distribute the seeds in the bed soil, to achieve reasonable use of light and space. The present invention proposes an efficient and precise seeding positioning method. Specific content is as follows:
A seeding apparatus used during sowing comprises two parts, i.e., A structure (FIG. 3) and B structure (FIG. 4). The A structure may be placed in the B structure, and the A
structure is slightly smaller than the B structure, and can just be put in the B structure and move in the B structure; the middle of the A structure is a sowing area, two sides of the sowing area are seed containing pools, and one end of the A structure extends outwards, to form a handle.
A cross section of the sowing area of the A structure is a wave shape (FIG.
5), and a bottom end of a trough of the wave shape is provided with several seeding holes. When the A structure is placed in the B structure, positions in the B structure which correspond to the seeding holes of the A structure are provided with seed-passing holes. The seed-passing holes one-to-one correspond to the seeding holes and deviate about half a pitch from one side than the seeding holes. In this way, when the A structure is pushed into the bottom of the B structure, the seeding holes are covered by a part without holes of the B structure;
when the A structure is pulled about half a pitch outward, the positions of the seeding holes overlap with the positions of the seed-passing holes. The size of the seed-passing holes is greater than that of the seeding holes. The aperture of the seed-passing holes of the B
structure is designed slightly greater than that of the seeding holes of the A
structure, so as to prevent the seeding apparatus from causing misalignment of upper and lower holes due to errors in machining precision, thereby preventing seeding blockage which affects seeding efficiency. After the seed-passing holes are enlarged, free falling of the seeds in the seeding holes will become easy. However, the aperture of the seed-passing holes should not
5. Sowing.
The basic requirement of sowing is to evenly distribute the seeds in the bed soil, to achieve reasonable use of light and space. The present invention proposes an efficient and precise seeding positioning method. Specific content is as follows:
A seeding apparatus used during sowing comprises two parts, i.e., A structure (FIG. 3) and B structure (FIG. 4). The A structure may be placed in the B structure, and the A
structure is slightly smaller than the B structure, and can just be put in the B structure and move in the B structure; the middle of the A structure is a sowing area, two sides of the sowing area are seed containing pools, and one end of the A structure extends outwards, to form a handle.
A cross section of the sowing area of the A structure is a wave shape (FIG.
5), and a bottom end of a trough of the wave shape is provided with several seeding holes. When the A structure is placed in the B structure, positions in the B structure which correspond to the seeding holes of the A structure are provided with seed-passing holes. The seed-passing holes one-to-one correspond to the seeding holes and deviate about half a pitch from one side than the seeding holes. In this way, when the A structure is pushed into the bottom of the B structure, the seeding holes are covered by a part without holes of the B structure;
when the A structure is pulled about half a pitch outward, the positions of the seeding holes overlap with the positions of the seed-passing holes. The size of the seed-passing holes is greater than that of the seeding holes. The aperture of the seed-passing holes of the B
structure is designed slightly greater than that of the seeding holes of the A
structure, so as to prevent the seeding apparatus from causing misalignment of upper and lower holes due to errors in machining precision, thereby preventing seeding blockage which affects seeding efficiency. After the seed-passing holes are enlarged, free falling of the seeds in the seeding holes will become easy. However, the aperture of the seed-passing holes should not
7 be too large, and if the aperture is too large, the precision of the seed-falling position will decrease.
The distance between two adjacent troughs of the sowing area and the number of the troughs need to be determined according to sowing area and density requirements. The benefits of designing the A structure as a wave shape are as follows: 1. the seeds are limited to move within the troughs, and the probability of falling into the seeding holes will be greatly increased, thus reducing the number of times and time of sieving during sowing; 2.
compared with the planar design, the wave shape greatly reduces the area of contact with the B structure, thereby reducing the friction when the A structure moves and increasing flexibility of the seeding apparatus; 3. compared with the planar design, the longitudinal deformation of the waved structure is less, which can greatly prolong the service life of the seeding apparatus.
The bottom of the seed containing pool is aligned with and in communication with the bottom of the trough of the wave shape, and the upper mouth is aligned with the top of the crest of the wave shape. The effect of the seed containing pool is to collect excessive seeds in the seeding holes to prevent extra seeds from falling into the seeding holes, which can also increase the amount of the seeds that can be carried by the seeding apparatus at one time and decrease the number of times of seeding. The benefit of two seed containing pools compared with one seed containing pool is that the seeds only need to move from one end to the other end, the seeding holes can be filled with the seeds, and then sowing is possible.
The seeds do not need to be sieved back, which can obviously reduce the number of times and time of sieving.
Sides of the A structure are machined into a plane 1-8 mm wide, and the height of the plane is aligned with the top of the crest.
The diameter of the seeding holes is 1-2 times that of the sown seeds, and the number of the seeding holes is determined according to the seeding density.
By selecting the A structure of different thicknesses, the number of seeds sown in each seeding point can be controlled. If it is only necessary to sow one seed in one seeding point,
The distance between two adjacent troughs of the sowing area and the number of the troughs need to be determined according to sowing area and density requirements. The benefits of designing the A structure as a wave shape are as follows: 1. the seeds are limited to move within the troughs, and the probability of falling into the seeding holes will be greatly increased, thus reducing the number of times and time of sieving during sowing; 2.
compared with the planar design, the wave shape greatly reduces the area of contact with the B structure, thereby reducing the friction when the A structure moves and increasing flexibility of the seeding apparatus; 3. compared with the planar design, the longitudinal deformation of the waved structure is less, which can greatly prolong the service life of the seeding apparatus.
The bottom of the seed containing pool is aligned with and in communication with the bottom of the trough of the wave shape, and the upper mouth is aligned with the top of the crest of the wave shape. The effect of the seed containing pool is to collect excessive seeds in the seeding holes to prevent extra seeds from falling into the seeding holes, which can also increase the amount of the seeds that can be carried by the seeding apparatus at one time and decrease the number of times of seeding. The benefit of two seed containing pools compared with one seed containing pool is that the seeds only need to move from one end to the other end, the seeding holes can be filled with the seeds, and then sowing is possible.
The seeds do not need to be sieved back, which can obviously reduce the number of times and time of sieving.
Sides of the A structure are machined into a plane 1-8 mm wide, and the height of the plane is aligned with the top of the crest.
The diameter of the seeding holes is 1-2 times that of the sown seeds, and the number of the seeding holes is determined according to the seeding density.
By selecting the A structure of different thicknesses, the number of seeds sown in each seeding point can be controlled. If it is only necessary to sow one seed in one seeding point,
8 the thickness of the A structure is 0.5-1.5 times the diameter of the seeds;
if it is necessary to sow 2 seeds in one seeding point, the thickness of the A structure is 1.5-2.5 times the diameter of the seeds; and if it is necessary to sow more seeds in the same seeding point, the thickness of the A structure is increased correspondingly.
Fixed vertical edges are provided around the B structure, to make the B
structure form a box shape; when the A structure is placed in the B structure, the position in the B
structure which corresponds to the seed containing pool of the A structure is provided with an upper cover plate, to prevent the seeds from jumping out during sieving.
The A structure and the B structure are made of polymer or metal materials, and the materials used make the seeding board structure have uniform thickness, flat surface, do not deform, and have great strength and light weight.
The efficient and precise seeding positioning method by using the seeding apparatus includes the following steps:
1) the A structure is inserted into the B structure, to form a complete seeding apparatus, and at this point, the seeding holes of the A structure should be covered by the part without holes of the B structure; a certain amount of seeds are placed in the seed containing pool of the A structure; by shaking the seeding apparatus, the seeds fall into the seeding holes of the A structure, and then excessive seeds are moved into the seed containing pool on any side;
2) the seeding apparatus is placed on the bed soil, the A structure is drawn half a pitch to one side relative to the B structure, to make the seeding holes completely coincide with the positions of the seed-passing holes, and the seeds in the seeding holes pass through the seed-passing holes and fall into the bed soil; and 3) the seeding apparatus is moved away, so as to complete the seeding process.
When the seeding apparatus of the present invention is used for sowing, efficient and precise positioning is possible, thereby improving seeding quality and efficiency, reducing the seeding cost, providing convenience for seedling production, and being suitable for large-scale promotion.
if it is necessary to sow 2 seeds in one seeding point, the thickness of the A structure is 1.5-2.5 times the diameter of the seeds; and if it is necessary to sow more seeds in the same seeding point, the thickness of the A structure is increased correspondingly.
Fixed vertical edges are provided around the B structure, to make the B
structure form a box shape; when the A structure is placed in the B structure, the position in the B
structure which corresponds to the seed containing pool of the A structure is provided with an upper cover plate, to prevent the seeds from jumping out during sieving.
The A structure and the B structure are made of polymer or metal materials, and the materials used make the seeding board structure have uniform thickness, flat surface, do not deform, and have great strength and light weight.
The efficient and precise seeding positioning method by using the seeding apparatus includes the following steps:
1) the A structure is inserted into the B structure, to form a complete seeding apparatus, and at this point, the seeding holes of the A structure should be covered by the part without holes of the B structure; a certain amount of seeds are placed in the seed containing pool of the A structure; by shaking the seeding apparatus, the seeds fall into the seeding holes of the A structure, and then excessive seeds are moved into the seed containing pool on any side;
2) the seeding apparatus is placed on the bed soil, the A structure is drawn half a pitch to one side relative to the B structure, to make the seeding holes completely coincide with the positions of the seed-passing holes, and the seeds in the seeding holes pass through the seed-passing holes and fall into the bed soil; and 3) the seeding apparatus is moved away, so as to complete the seeding process.
When the seeding apparatus of the present invention is used for sowing, efficient and precise positioning is possible, thereby improving seeding quality and efficiency, reducing the seeding cost, providing convenience for seedling production, and being suitable for large-scale promotion.
9 7. Manage water.
(7.1) A method for managing water of seedlings in the seedling tray:
Sowing is carried out in the case of enough moisture: after the bed soil is ready, the bed soil is watered to a saturated state with fine and uniform water flows, and excessive water can be discharged from drain holes, to ensure that the bed soil can absorb enough moisture.
The seeds are covered in the case of optimum moisture: sowing is carried out after the surface of the bed soil has no clear stagnant water, the seeds are covered with the bed soil after sowing, the soil is 2-6 mm thick, it is preferred that the seeds are not exposed and are as shallow as possible, and the soil thickness is uniform. Seed-covering soil needs to be .. watered less at first, to make water content of the seed-covering soil up to about 40%-50%
of the maximum water-holding capacity (which feels wet, forms a clump when being gripped in hands, and scatters when loosened). Such water content can meet the requirement of seed sprouting and emergence for the water, and can also ensure sufficient oxygen supply. Watering is not necessary after seed covering.
The moisture is kept by stacking the trays: the seedling trays after soil is covered thereon are stacked together layer upon layer, the number of layers is preferably 40-80, and the uppermost layer is capped by two seedling trays with a layer of plastic film sandwiched between them. Two columns of seedling trays are kept at a distance of 5-10 cm.
If the distance is too small, gas exchange between the seedling trays and the outside will be affected, and if the distance is too large, the moisturizing effect will be affected. The tray stacking time can be controlled with three methods: (1) estimated according to time: in normal seedling raising seasons, it is 36-48 hours after the tray stacking;
(2) estimated according to the effective accumulative temperature: after the tray stacking, the effective accumulative temperature is up to 45-50 degree days; (3) estimated with eyes:
the seedling trays are put out when it is observed that about 1/3 of the seeds are little yellow in the seedling trays.
Moisture is supplemented by covering: after the seedling trays are put out, water is supplemented where water is in shortage, and then the seedling trays are covered by white non-woven fabrics of 30-50 g/m2.
Water is controlled by uncovering: when cotyledons of the seedlings are completely flattened and become green, that is, about 36-48 hours after the trays are put out, the non-woven fabrics can be uncovered; afterwards, water supply is controlled properly, as long as wilting does not occur in corners, to promote the root system to be grounded; and moisture can be supplemented less when wilting occurs.
(7.2) The water management for seedling raising in the seedling tray is as follows: after the sowing, a layer of light and permeable covering is covered on the bed soil for preserving the temperature and humidity, and the covering is removed after the cotyledons become flat. Before the two-leaf period, the seedlings should be protected by covering in rainy days, to prevent rain from rushing the seedlings. During seedling raising, the water is supplemented as appropriate, and the supplementing manner may be spraying water from the top or bleeding water from the bottom after a retaining dam is built around to retain water.
The rooting water should be complemented the day before transplanting of the seedlings, with the purpose of increasing the soil quantity of the root during transplanting and improving the survival rate and the survival speed of the seedlings.
8. Manage the fertilizer. The fertilizer should be supplemented when yellow leaves appear, and N-fertilizer, P-fertilizer and K-fertilizer are applied evenly.
Fertilizers are supplemented one week before transplanting, with the purpose of enabling the fertilizer effect to catch up timely after the seedlings are transplanted to the large field, to speed up the standing speed.
9. Transplant. Seedlings can be picked for transplanting when 3-5 true leaves are grown from the seedlings.
Beneficial effects:
The basic features of the seedling method of the present invention are as follows:
1. The seedling density per unit area is higher. 2000-8000 strains are cultivated every square meter. The higher density may increase transplanting efficiency and reduce the seedling raising cost, and the difficulty of cultivating strong seedlings also increases.
2. The seeding efficiency is high and the seeds are evenly distributed.
3. The seedlings come out neatly and uniformly, and the missing seedling rate of machine picking is low.
4. The seedlings, through a combination of the roots with the bed soil of the seedlings or in other auxiliary manners, form a nonbreakable whole, to facilitate carrying and mounting.
5. The seedlings are robust, the root collar and the basal intemode do not elongate obviously, and the vitality is prosperous.
6. Less plant diseases and insect pests are carried.
7. After the seedlings are transplanted into the large field, standing is quick and the rejuvenation period is short.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a seedling tray.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a seedling frame.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of A structure in a seeding apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of B structure in the seeding apparatus.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a sowing area of the A structure.
In the figures, 1-handle, 2-seed containing pool, 3-trough, 4-crest, 5-seeding hole, 6-plane, 7-vertical edge, 8-seed-passing hole, 9-upper cover plate, 10-opening.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention is further described below in combination with specific examples.
Example 1 1. Select a seedling-raising field: a flat concrete court, no shading around, easy water supply, and smooth drainage.
2. Prepare bed soil.
(2.1) Soil of the bed soil was taken from parcel of a field whose previous crop was a non-crucifer crop; the soil should be sieved, and the texture was fine and uniform. The rape was the crucifer crop, and to reduce transfer of disease sources, the soil was required to be taken from parcel of a field whose previous crop was a non-crucifer crop. The purpose of the sieving was to remove the stone, grass and large particles in the soil.
The texture was fine and uniform, so as to ensure that the seedlings come out evenly.
(2.2) Fertilizers were stirred in the soil. 0.8 g of pure nitrogen, 0.5 g of P205 and 0.5 g of K204, 0.04 g of borax, 20 g of rotten organic fertilizer, and 10 g of crushed rice straw fiber were stirred in each liter of bed soil and mixed evenly. The length of the fiber was 1 cm, and the diameter of the fiber was 1 mm.
(2.3) Sterilize the bed soil. 50% carbendazim was prepared into 1000 times liquid, and was sprayed at a ratio of 5 g to 6 g carbendazim to 100 kg nutritional soil.
They were mixed evenly after spraying and sealed with films for 2-3 days, which can kill many kinds of bacteria in the soil and prevent harmful bacteria from hurting the seedlings.
The seedlings were cultivated in a seedling tray 58 cm long, 28 cm wide and 2.5 cm deep, and the bottom of the seedling tray was evenly distributed with about 50 drain holes.
A layer of plastic film was laid at the bottom of the seedling tray. The width of the film was equal to the bottom of the seedling tray, the length was 67 cm, and the film was placed in the middle of the seedling tray. In this way, there were still about 2 cm of the film exposed outside the seedling tray on two ends after the bed soil was put therein, so that two ends of the film can be held hands to assist in picking seedlings. The prepared bed soil was put into the seedling tray, and the surface of the bed soil is 3 mm lower than the tray mouth and was smoothened.
4. Treat seeds.
The thousand seed weight of the seeding variety was about 4.2 g, and the average diameter of the grain was 1 mm.
The seed-treating agent included the following compositions: indolebutyric acid, uniconazole, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate, the compositions were prepared into a solution with water, and the composition of each liter of the treating agent solution was: 0.2 g of indolebutyric acid, 6 g of 5% uniconazole, 215 mg of ammonium molybdate, 117 mg of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 234 mg of magnesium sulfate, 0.8 mg of boric acid, 1.6 mg of zinc sulfate, 1.6 mg of manganese sulfate, and the rest was water.
The method for treating the seeds was: adding 2 ml of the solution to each 100 g of the seeds, which were put into a plastic bottle and fully stirred, and the seeds were sown after drying.
5. Sowing.
The diameter of the seeds of the sown rape variety was 2 mm. The seeding density was 800 grains every seedling tray.
Two seeding structures, i.e., A and B, were fabricated by using a PVC
material: the A
structure was 28 cm wide and 2 mm thick. After a plane 6 of 5 mm was left on a side of the A structure, the sowing area in the middle was machined to a wave shape as shown in FIG.
3. The number of troughs 3 was 20, which were evenly distributed. The troughs 3 were 57 cm long, and a vertical distance between the crest 4 and the trough 3 was 1 cm. 40 seeding holes 5 were evenly machined in each trough 3, and the diameter of the seeding holes was 2.8 cm. Seed containing pools 2 which were 27 cm wide and 10 cm long were machined respectively on front and rear sides of the sowing area. An outer side of the seed containing pool 2 on one end was provided with a handle 1 which was 3 cm wide.
The B structure was 5 mm thick, the inner mouth was 28 cm wide, and the length of the inner mouth was the length of the A structure minus the length of the handle 11. Fixed vertical edges 7 were provided around the B structure, to make the B structure form a box shape. The vertical edges 7 were 5 cm high, and on one end, an opening 10 of 1 cm was left between the lower portion of the vertical edges 7 and the bottom plate of the B structure, to allow A to be just inserted therein. When the A structure was placed in the B
structure, positions in the B structure which corresponded to the seeding holes 5 of the A plate were provided with seed-passing holes 8. The seed-passing holes 8 one-to-one corresponded to the seeding holes 5 and deviated about half a pitch from one side than the seeding holes 5, and the diameter of the seed-passing holes 8 was 3.5 mm. The position in the B
structure which corresponded to the seed containing pool 2 of the A structure was provided with an upper cover plate 9, to prevent the seeds from jumping out during sieving.
The A structure was inserted into the B structure to form a complete seeding apparatus, and at this point, the seeding holes 5 of the A structure were covered by a part without holes on the bottom plate of the B structure, so that the seeds cannot pass through the seeding holes 5. A certain amount of seeds were placed in the seed containing pools 2, by shaking the seeding apparatus, the seeds fell into the seeding holes 5 of the A structure, and then excessive seeds were moved to the seed containing pool 2 on any end. The seeding apparatus was placed on the bed soil, and the A structure was drawn half a pitch to one side relative to the B structure, to make the seeding holes 5 completely coincide with the positions of the seed-passing holes 8, so that the seeds in the seeding holes 5 passed through the seed-passing holes 8 and fell into the bed soil.
The seeding apparatus was moved away, so as to complete the seeding process.
6. Manage water.
The seeds were sown in the case of enough moisture: after the bed soil was ready, the bed soil was watered to a saturated state with fine and uniform water flows, and excessive water could be discharged from drain holes, to ensure that the bed soil can absorb enough moisture.
The seeds were covered in the case of optimum moisture: the seeds were sown after the surface of the bed soil had no clear stagnant water, the seeds were covered with the bed soil after sowing, the soil was 2-6 mm thick, it was preferred that the seeds were not exposed and were as shallow as possible, and the soil thickness was uniform. Seed-covering soil needed to be watered less at first, to make water content of the seed-covering soil up to about 40%-50% of the maximum water-holding capacity (which felt wet, formed a clump when being gripped in hands, and scattered when loosened). Such water content can meet the requirement of seed sprouting and emergence for the water, and can also ensure sufficient oxygen supply. Watering was not necessary after seed covering.
The moisture was kept by stacking the tray: the seedling trays after soil was covered thereon were stacked together layer upon layer, the number of layers was preferably 40-80, and the uppermost layer was capped with two seedling trays with a layer of plastic film sandwiched between them. The two seedling trays were kept at a distance of 5-
(7.1) A method for managing water of seedlings in the seedling tray:
Sowing is carried out in the case of enough moisture: after the bed soil is ready, the bed soil is watered to a saturated state with fine and uniform water flows, and excessive water can be discharged from drain holes, to ensure that the bed soil can absorb enough moisture.
The seeds are covered in the case of optimum moisture: sowing is carried out after the surface of the bed soil has no clear stagnant water, the seeds are covered with the bed soil after sowing, the soil is 2-6 mm thick, it is preferred that the seeds are not exposed and are as shallow as possible, and the soil thickness is uniform. Seed-covering soil needs to be .. watered less at first, to make water content of the seed-covering soil up to about 40%-50%
of the maximum water-holding capacity (which feels wet, forms a clump when being gripped in hands, and scatters when loosened). Such water content can meet the requirement of seed sprouting and emergence for the water, and can also ensure sufficient oxygen supply. Watering is not necessary after seed covering.
The moisture is kept by stacking the trays: the seedling trays after soil is covered thereon are stacked together layer upon layer, the number of layers is preferably 40-80, and the uppermost layer is capped by two seedling trays with a layer of plastic film sandwiched between them. Two columns of seedling trays are kept at a distance of 5-10 cm.
If the distance is too small, gas exchange between the seedling trays and the outside will be affected, and if the distance is too large, the moisturizing effect will be affected. The tray stacking time can be controlled with three methods: (1) estimated according to time: in normal seedling raising seasons, it is 36-48 hours after the tray stacking;
(2) estimated according to the effective accumulative temperature: after the tray stacking, the effective accumulative temperature is up to 45-50 degree days; (3) estimated with eyes:
the seedling trays are put out when it is observed that about 1/3 of the seeds are little yellow in the seedling trays.
Moisture is supplemented by covering: after the seedling trays are put out, water is supplemented where water is in shortage, and then the seedling trays are covered by white non-woven fabrics of 30-50 g/m2.
Water is controlled by uncovering: when cotyledons of the seedlings are completely flattened and become green, that is, about 36-48 hours after the trays are put out, the non-woven fabrics can be uncovered; afterwards, water supply is controlled properly, as long as wilting does not occur in corners, to promote the root system to be grounded; and moisture can be supplemented less when wilting occurs.
(7.2) The water management for seedling raising in the seedling tray is as follows: after the sowing, a layer of light and permeable covering is covered on the bed soil for preserving the temperature and humidity, and the covering is removed after the cotyledons become flat. Before the two-leaf period, the seedlings should be protected by covering in rainy days, to prevent rain from rushing the seedlings. During seedling raising, the water is supplemented as appropriate, and the supplementing manner may be spraying water from the top or bleeding water from the bottom after a retaining dam is built around to retain water.
The rooting water should be complemented the day before transplanting of the seedlings, with the purpose of increasing the soil quantity of the root during transplanting and improving the survival rate and the survival speed of the seedlings.
8. Manage the fertilizer. The fertilizer should be supplemented when yellow leaves appear, and N-fertilizer, P-fertilizer and K-fertilizer are applied evenly.
Fertilizers are supplemented one week before transplanting, with the purpose of enabling the fertilizer effect to catch up timely after the seedlings are transplanted to the large field, to speed up the standing speed.
9. Transplant. Seedlings can be picked for transplanting when 3-5 true leaves are grown from the seedlings.
Beneficial effects:
The basic features of the seedling method of the present invention are as follows:
1. The seedling density per unit area is higher. 2000-8000 strains are cultivated every square meter. The higher density may increase transplanting efficiency and reduce the seedling raising cost, and the difficulty of cultivating strong seedlings also increases.
2. The seeding efficiency is high and the seeds are evenly distributed.
3. The seedlings come out neatly and uniformly, and the missing seedling rate of machine picking is low.
4. The seedlings, through a combination of the roots with the bed soil of the seedlings or in other auxiliary manners, form a nonbreakable whole, to facilitate carrying and mounting.
5. The seedlings are robust, the root collar and the basal intemode do not elongate obviously, and the vitality is prosperous.
6. Less plant diseases and insect pests are carried.
7. After the seedlings are transplanted into the large field, standing is quick and the rejuvenation period is short.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a seedling tray.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a seedling frame.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of A structure in a seeding apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of B structure in the seeding apparatus.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a sowing area of the A structure.
In the figures, 1-handle, 2-seed containing pool, 3-trough, 4-crest, 5-seeding hole, 6-plane, 7-vertical edge, 8-seed-passing hole, 9-upper cover plate, 10-opening.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention is further described below in combination with specific examples.
Example 1 1. Select a seedling-raising field: a flat concrete court, no shading around, easy water supply, and smooth drainage.
2. Prepare bed soil.
(2.1) Soil of the bed soil was taken from parcel of a field whose previous crop was a non-crucifer crop; the soil should be sieved, and the texture was fine and uniform. The rape was the crucifer crop, and to reduce transfer of disease sources, the soil was required to be taken from parcel of a field whose previous crop was a non-crucifer crop. The purpose of the sieving was to remove the stone, grass and large particles in the soil.
The texture was fine and uniform, so as to ensure that the seedlings come out evenly.
(2.2) Fertilizers were stirred in the soil. 0.8 g of pure nitrogen, 0.5 g of P205 and 0.5 g of K204, 0.04 g of borax, 20 g of rotten organic fertilizer, and 10 g of crushed rice straw fiber were stirred in each liter of bed soil and mixed evenly. The length of the fiber was 1 cm, and the diameter of the fiber was 1 mm.
(2.3) Sterilize the bed soil. 50% carbendazim was prepared into 1000 times liquid, and was sprayed at a ratio of 5 g to 6 g carbendazim to 100 kg nutritional soil.
They were mixed evenly after spraying and sealed with films for 2-3 days, which can kill many kinds of bacteria in the soil and prevent harmful bacteria from hurting the seedlings.
The seedlings were cultivated in a seedling tray 58 cm long, 28 cm wide and 2.5 cm deep, and the bottom of the seedling tray was evenly distributed with about 50 drain holes.
A layer of plastic film was laid at the bottom of the seedling tray. The width of the film was equal to the bottom of the seedling tray, the length was 67 cm, and the film was placed in the middle of the seedling tray. In this way, there were still about 2 cm of the film exposed outside the seedling tray on two ends after the bed soil was put therein, so that two ends of the film can be held hands to assist in picking seedlings. The prepared bed soil was put into the seedling tray, and the surface of the bed soil is 3 mm lower than the tray mouth and was smoothened.
4. Treat seeds.
The thousand seed weight of the seeding variety was about 4.2 g, and the average diameter of the grain was 1 mm.
The seed-treating agent included the following compositions: indolebutyric acid, uniconazole, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate, the compositions were prepared into a solution with water, and the composition of each liter of the treating agent solution was: 0.2 g of indolebutyric acid, 6 g of 5% uniconazole, 215 mg of ammonium molybdate, 117 mg of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 234 mg of magnesium sulfate, 0.8 mg of boric acid, 1.6 mg of zinc sulfate, 1.6 mg of manganese sulfate, and the rest was water.
The method for treating the seeds was: adding 2 ml of the solution to each 100 g of the seeds, which were put into a plastic bottle and fully stirred, and the seeds were sown after drying.
5. Sowing.
The diameter of the seeds of the sown rape variety was 2 mm. The seeding density was 800 grains every seedling tray.
Two seeding structures, i.e., A and B, were fabricated by using a PVC
material: the A
structure was 28 cm wide and 2 mm thick. After a plane 6 of 5 mm was left on a side of the A structure, the sowing area in the middle was machined to a wave shape as shown in FIG.
3. The number of troughs 3 was 20, which were evenly distributed. The troughs 3 were 57 cm long, and a vertical distance between the crest 4 and the trough 3 was 1 cm. 40 seeding holes 5 were evenly machined in each trough 3, and the diameter of the seeding holes was 2.8 cm. Seed containing pools 2 which were 27 cm wide and 10 cm long were machined respectively on front and rear sides of the sowing area. An outer side of the seed containing pool 2 on one end was provided with a handle 1 which was 3 cm wide.
The B structure was 5 mm thick, the inner mouth was 28 cm wide, and the length of the inner mouth was the length of the A structure minus the length of the handle 11. Fixed vertical edges 7 were provided around the B structure, to make the B structure form a box shape. The vertical edges 7 were 5 cm high, and on one end, an opening 10 of 1 cm was left between the lower portion of the vertical edges 7 and the bottom plate of the B structure, to allow A to be just inserted therein. When the A structure was placed in the B
structure, positions in the B structure which corresponded to the seeding holes 5 of the A plate were provided with seed-passing holes 8. The seed-passing holes 8 one-to-one corresponded to the seeding holes 5 and deviated about half a pitch from one side than the seeding holes 5, and the diameter of the seed-passing holes 8 was 3.5 mm. The position in the B
structure which corresponded to the seed containing pool 2 of the A structure was provided with an upper cover plate 9, to prevent the seeds from jumping out during sieving.
The A structure was inserted into the B structure to form a complete seeding apparatus, and at this point, the seeding holes 5 of the A structure were covered by a part without holes on the bottom plate of the B structure, so that the seeds cannot pass through the seeding holes 5. A certain amount of seeds were placed in the seed containing pools 2, by shaking the seeding apparatus, the seeds fell into the seeding holes 5 of the A structure, and then excessive seeds were moved to the seed containing pool 2 on any end. The seeding apparatus was placed on the bed soil, and the A structure was drawn half a pitch to one side relative to the B structure, to make the seeding holes 5 completely coincide with the positions of the seed-passing holes 8, so that the seeds in the seeding holes 5 passed through the seed-passing holes 8 and fell into the bed soil.
The seeding apparatus was moved away, so as to complete the seeding process.
6. Manage water.
The seeds were sown in the case of enough moisture: after the bed soil was ready, the bed soil was watered to a saturated state with fine and uniform water flows, and excessive water could be discharged from drain holes, to ensure that the bed soil can absorb enough moisture.
The seeds were covered in the case of optimum moisture: the seeds were sown after the surface of the bed soil had no clear stagnant water, the seeds were covered with the bed soil after sowing, the soil was 2-6 mm thick, it was preferred that the seeds were not exposed and were as shallow as possible, and the soil thickness was uniform. Seed-covering soil needed to be watered less at first, to make water content of the seed-covering soil up to about 40%-50% of the maximum water-holding capacity (which felt wet, formed a clump when being gripped in hands, and scattered when loosened). Such water content can meet the requirement of seed sprouting and emergence for the water, and can also ensure sufficient oxygen supply. Watering was not necessary after seed covering.
The moisture was kept by stacking the tray: the seedling trays after soil was covered thereon were stacked together layer upon layer, the number of layers was preferably 40-80, and the uppermost layer was capped with two seedling trays with a layer of plastic film sandwiched between them. The two seedling trays were kept at a distance of 5-
10 cm. If the distance was too small, gas exchange between the seedling trays and the outside would be affected, and if the distance was too large, the moisturizing effect would be affected. The tray stacking time can be controlled with three methods: (1) estimated according to time: in normal seedling raising seasons, it was 36-48 hours after the tray stacking;
(2) estimated according to the effective accumulative temperature: after the tray stacking, the effective accumulative temperature was up to 45-50 degree days; (3) estimated with eyes:
the seedling trays were put out when it was observed that about 1/3 of the seeds were little yellow in the seedling trays.
Moisture was supplemented by covering: after the seedling trays were put out, water was supplemented where water was in shortage, and then the seedling trays were covered by white non-woven fabrics of 30-50 g/m2.
Water was controlled by uncovering: when cotyledons of the seedlings were completely flattened and became green, that is, about 36-48 hours after the trays were put out, the non-woven fabrics can be uncovered; afterwards, water supply was controlled properly, as long as wilting did not occur in comers, to promote the root system to be grounded; and moisture can be supplemented less when wilting occurred.
The rooting water should be complemented the day before transplanting of the seedlings, with the purpose of increasing the soil quantity of the root during transplanting and improving the survival rate and the survival speed of the seedlings.
7. Manage the fertilizer.
The fertilizer should be supplemented when yellow leaves appear, and N-fertilizer, P-fertilizer and K-fertilizer were applied evenly. Fertilizers were supplemented one week before transplanting, with the purpose of enabling the fertilizer effect to catch up timely after the seedlings were transplanted to the large field, to speed up the standing speed.
8. Transplant. Seedlings can be picked for transplanting when 3-5 true leaves were grown from the seedlings.
Example 2 1. Prepare a seedling-raising field. A flat concrete court was selected, the horizontal error did not exceed 0.5 cm, there was no shading around, it was easy to supply water, and drainage was smooth. A layer of plastic film was laid on the ground.
2. Prepare bed soil.
(2.1) Soil of the bed soil was taken from parcel of a field whose previous crop was a non-crucifer crop; the soil should be sieved, and the texture was fine and uniform. The rape was the crucifer crop, and to reduce transfer of disease sources, the soil was required to be taken from parcel of a field whose previous crop was a non-crucifer crop. The purpose of the sieving was to remove the stone, grass and large particles in the soil.
The texture was fine and uniform, so as to ensure that the seedlings come out evenly.
(2.2) The fertilizers were stirred in the soil. 0.8 g of pure nitrogen, 0.5 g of P205 and 0.5 g of K204, 0.05 g of borax, 40 g of rotten organic fertilizer, and 30 g of crushed rice straw fiber were stirred in each liter of bed soil and mixed evenly. The length of the fiber was 1 cm, and the diameter of the fiber was 0.1 mm.
(2.3) Sterilize the bed soil. 50% carbendazim was prepared into 1000 times liquid, and was sprayed at a ratio of 5 g to 6 g carbendazim to 100 kg nutritional soil.
They were mixed evenly after spraying and sealed with films for 2-3 days, which can kill many kinds of bacteria in the soil and prevent harmful bacteria from hurting the seedlings.
3. Lay the bed soil.
(3.1) Prepare a seedling frame. An aluminum alloy profile which was 2 cm wide and 2.5 cm thick was made into a frame which was 280.9 cm long and 58 cm wide. A
slot which was 1 mm wide was sawed every 28 cm on two borders, aluminum alloy spacer plates which were 1 mm thick were inserted, to partition a big box into 10 small frames which were 58 cm long and 28 cm wide.
(3.2) Lay the soil: Multiple seedling frames were laid on the concrete ground, and an aisle which was 30 cm wide was left between every two big boxes. Nutrient soil prepared in advance was loaded into the seedling frames as seedling bed soil, which was smoothened with a wooden ruler along the upper mouth.
4. Treat seeds.
The sown variety grew under appropriate conditions, and the thousand seed weight was about 3.8 g.
The seed-treating agent included the following compositions: indolebutyric acid, uniconazole, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate, the compositions were prepared into a solution with water, and the composition of each liter of the treating agent solution was: 0.2 g of indolebutyric acid, 6 g of 5% uniconazole, 215 mg of ammonium molybdate, 117 mg of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 234 mg of magnesium sulfate, 0.8 mg of boric acid, 1.6 mg of zinc sulfate, 1.6 mg of manganese sulfate, and the rest was water.
The method for treating the seeds was: adding 2.3 ml of the solution to each 100 g of the seeds, which were put into a plastic bottle and fully stirred, and the seeds were sown after drying.
5. Sowing.
The average diameter of the seeds of the sown variety was about 2 mm, and the seeding density was 1000 grains every small box.
Two seeding structures, i.e., A and B, were fabricated by using a PVC
material: the A
structure was 28 cm wide and 2 mm thick. After a plane 6 of 5 mm was left on a side of the A structure, the sowing area in the middle was machined to a wave shape as shown in FIG.
3. The number of troughs 3 was 20, which were evenly distributed. The troughs 3 were 57 cm long, and a vertical distance between the crest 4 and the trough 3 was 1 cm. 50 seeding holes 5 were evenly machined in each trough 3, and the diameter of the seeding holes was 2.8 cm. Seed containing pools 2 which were 27 cm wide and 10 cm long were machined respectively on front and rear sides of the sowing area. An outer side of the seed containing pool 2 on one end was provided with a handle 1 which was 3 cm wide.
The B structure was 5 mm thick, the inner mouth was 28 cm wide, and the length of the inner mouth was the length of the A structure minus the length of the handle 11. Fixed vertical edges 7 were provided around the B structure, to make the B structure form a box shape. The vertical edges 7 were 5 cm high, and on one end, an opening 10 of 1 cm was left between the lower portion of the vertical edges 7 and the bottom plate of the B structure, to allow A to be just inserted therein. When the A structure was placed in the B
structure, positions in the B structure which corresponded to the seeding holes 5 of the A plate were provided with seed-passing holes 8. The seed-passing holes 8 one-to-one corresponded to the seeding holes 5 and deviated about half a pitch from one side than the seeding holes 5, and the diameter of the seed-passing holes 8 was 3.5 mm. The position in the B
structure which corresponded to the seed containing pool 2 of the A structure was provided with an upper cover plate 9, to prevent the seeds from jumping out during sieving.
The A structure was inserted into the B structure to form a complete seeding apparatus, and at this point, the seeding holes 5 of the A structure were covered by a part without holes on the bottom plate of the B structure, so that the seeds cannot pass through the seeding holes 5. A certain amount of seeds were placed in the seed containing pools 2, by shaking the seeding apparatus, the seeds fell into the seeding holes 5 of the A structure, and then excessive seeds were moved to the seed containing pool 2 on any end. The seeding apparatus was placed on the bed soil, and the A structure was drawn half a pitch to one side relative to the B structure, to make the seeding holes 5 completely coincide with the positions of the seed-passing holes 8, so that the seeds in the seeding holes 5 passed through the seed-passing holes 8 and fell into the bed soil.
The seeding apparatus was moved away, an appropriate amount of bed soil was spread to cover the seeds, water was sprayed to wet the seedling soil, the water flow should be mist-like, to prevent that the water flow was too large and washed the seeds away, so as to complete the seeding process.
6. Cover. After the sowing, a layer of non-woven fabric was covered on the bed soil for preserving the temperature and humidity, and the germination speed and the germination rate were improved. The covering was removed after the cotyledons became flat.
Before the two-leaf period, the seedlings should be protected by covering with plastic films in case of moderate-to-heavy rain, to prevent rain from rushing the seedlings. After the rain stopped, the covering should be removed in time, to prevent sealing of the seedlings.
7. Manage water.
A waterproof dam was set up around the seedling-raising field, the dam was 1 cm high, shallow water was put in, and the water was drained after the bed soil was drenched. If the water in a low-lying region was not thoroughly drained, several small holes were pricked on the laid plastic film in corresponding places to let the water seep into the subsoil. After the surface of the bed soil became white, water was put in again.
The rooting water should be complemented the day before transplanting of the seedlings, with the purpose of increasing the soil quantity of the root during transplanting and improving the survival rate and the survival speed of the seedlings.
8. Manage the fertilizer. The fertilizer should be supplemented when yellow leaves appear, and N-fertilizer, P-fertilizer and K-fertilizer were applied evenly.
Fertilizers were supplemented one week before transplanting, with the purpose of enabling the fertilizer effect to catch up timely after the seedlings were transplanted to the large field, to speed up the standing speed.
9. Transplant. Seedlings can be picked for transplanting when 3-5 true leaves were gown from the seedlings.
The above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which do not make any formal limitations to the present invention. Any simple modification, equivalent replacement and improvement and the like made by a person skilled in the art according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention should still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
(2) estimated according to the effective accumulative temperature: after the tray stacking, the effective accumulative temperature was up to 45-50 degree days; (3) estimated with eyes:
the seedling trays were put out when it was observed that about 1/3 of the seeds were little yellow in the seedling trays.
Moisture was supplemented by covering: after the seedling trays were put out, water was supplemented where water was in shortage, and then the seedling trays were covered by white non-woven fabrics of 30-50 g/m2.
Water was controlled by uncovering: when cotyledons of the seedlings were completely flattened and became green, that is, about 36-48 hours after the trays were put out, the non-woven fabrics can be uncovered; afterwards, water supply was controlled properly, as long as wilting did not occur in comers, to promote the root system to be grounded; and moisture can be supplemented less when wilting occurred.
The rooting water should be complemented the day before transplanting of the seedlings, with the purpose of increasing the soil quantity of the root during transplanting and improving the survival rate and the survival speed of the seedlings.
7. Manage the fertilizer.
The fertilizer should be supplemented when yellow leaves appear, and N-fertilizer, P-fertilizer and K-fertilizer were applied evenly. Fertilizers were supplemented one week before transplanting, with the purpose of enabling the fertilizer effect to catch up timely after the seedlings were transplanted to the large field, to speed up the standing speed.
8. Transplant. Seedlings can be picked for transplanting when 3-5 true leaves were grown from the seedlings.
Example 2 1. Prepare a seedling-raising field. A flat concrete court was selected, the horizontal error did not exceed 0.5 cm, there was no shading around, it was easy to supply water, and drainage was smooth. A layer of plastic film was laid on the ground.
2. Prepare bed soil.
(2.1) Soil of the bed soil was taken from parcel of a field whose previous crop was a non-crucifer crop; the soil should be sieved, and the texture was fine and uniform. The rape was the crucifer crop, and to reduce transfer of disease sources, the soil was required to be taken from parcel of a field whose previous crop was a non-crucifer crop. The purpose of the sieving was to remove the stone, grass and large particles in the soil.
The texture was fine and uniform, so as to ensure that the seedlings come out evenly.
(2.2) The fertilizers were stirred in the soil. 0.8 g of pure nitrogen, 0.5 g of P205 and 0.5 g of K204, 0.05 g of borax, 40 g of rotten organic fertilizer, and 30 g of crushed rice straw fiber were stirred in each liter of bed soil and mixed evenly. The length of the fiber was 1 cm, and the diameter of the fiber was 0.1 mm.
(2.3) Sterilize the bed soil. 50% carbendazim was prepared into 1000 times liquid, and was sprayed at a ratio of 5 g to 6 g carbendazim to 100 kg nutritional soil.
They were mixed evenly after spraying and sealed with films for 2-3 days, which can kill many kinds of bacteria in the soil and prevent harmful bacteria from hurting the seedlings.
3. Lay the bed soil.
(3.1) Prepare a seedling frame. An aluminum alloy profile which was 2 cm wide and 2.5 cm thick was made into a frame which was 280.9 cm long and 58 cm wide. A
slot which was 1 mm wide was sawed every 28 cm on two borders, aluminum alloy spacer plates which were 1 mm thick were inserted, to partition a big box into 10 small frames which were 58 cm long and 28 cm wide.
(3.2) Lay the soil: Multiple seedling frames were laid on the concrete ground, and an aisle which was 30 cm wide was left between every two big boxes. Nutrient soil prepared in advance was loaded into the seedling frames as seedling bed soil, which was smoothened with a wooden ruler along the upper mouth.
4. Treat seeds.
The sown variety grew under appropriate conditions, and the thousand seed weight was about 3.8 g.
The seed-treating agent included the following compositions: indolebutyric acid, uniconazole, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate, the compositions were prepared into a solution with water, and the composition of each liter of the treating agent solution was: 0.2 g of indolebutyric acid, 6 g of 5% uniconazole, 215 mg of ammonium molybdate, 117 mg of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 234 mg of magnesium sulfate, 0.8 mg of boric acid, 1.6 mg of zinc sulfate, 1.6 mg of manganese sulfate, and the rest was water.
The method for treating the seeds was: adding 2.3 ml of the solution to each 100 g of the seeds, which were put into a plastic bottle and fully stirred, and the seeds were sown after drying.
5. Sowing.
The average diameter of the seeds of the sown variety was about 2 mm, and the seeding density was 1000 grains every small box.
Two seeding structures, i.e., A and B, were fabricated by using a PVC
material: the A
structure was 28 cm wide and 2 mm thick. After a plane 6 of 5 mm was left on a side of the A structure, the sowing area in the middle was machined to a wave shape as shown in FIG.
3. The number of troughs 3 was 20, which were evenly distributed. The troughs 3 were 57 cm long, and a vertical distance between the crest 4 and the trough 3 was 1 cm. 50 seeding holes 5 were evenly machined in each trough 3, and the diameter of the seeding holes was 2.8 cm. Seed containing pools 2 which were 27 cm wide and 10 cm long were machined respectively on front and rear sides of the sowing area. An outer side of the seed containing pool 2 on one end was provided with a handle 1 which was 3 cm wide.
The B structure was 5 mm thick, the inner mouth was 28 cm wide, and the length of the inner mouth was the length of the A structure minus the length of the handle 11. Fixed vertical edges 7 were provided around the B structure, to make the B structure form a box shape. The vertical edges 7 were 5 cm high, and on one end, an opening 10 of 1 cm was left between the lower portion of the vertical edges 7 and the bottom plate of the B structure, to allow A to be just inserted therein. When the A structure was placed in the B
structure, positions in the B structure which corresponded to the seeding holes 5 of the A plate were provided with seed-passing holes 8. The seed-passing holes 8 one-to-one corresponded to the seeding holes 5 and deviated about half a pitch from one side than the seeding holes 5, and the diameter of the seed-passing holes 8 was 3.5 mm. The position in the B
structure which corresponded to the seed containing pool 2 of the A structure was provided with an upper cover plate 9, to prevent the seeds from jumping out during sieving.
The A structure was inserted into the B structure to form a complete seeding apparatus, and at this point, the seeding holes 5 of the A structure were covered by a part without holes on the bottom plate of the B structure, so that the seeds cannot pass through the seeding holes 5. A certain amount of seeds were placed in the seed containing pools 2, by shaking the seeding apparatus, the seeds fell into the seeding holes 5 of the A structure, and then excessive seeds were moved to the seed containing pool 2 on any end. The seeding apparatus was placed on the bed soil, and the A structure was drawn half a pitch to one side relative to the B structure, to make the seeding holes 5 completely coincide with the positions of the seed-passing holes 8, so that the seeds in the seeding holes 5 passed through the seed-passing holes 8 and fell into the bed soil.
The seeding apparatus was moved away, an appropriate amount of bed soil was spread to cover the seeds, water was sprayed to wet the seedling soil, the water flow should be mist-like, to prevent that the water flow was too large and washed the seeds away, so as to complete the seeding process.
6. Cover. After the sowing, a layer of non-woven fabric was covered on the bed soil for preserving the temperature and humidity, and the germination speed and the germination rate were improved. The covering was removed after the cotyledons became flat.
Before the two-leaf period, the seedlings should be protected by covering with plastic films in case of moderate-to-heavy rain, to prevent rain from rushing the seedlings. After the rain stopped, the covering should be removed in time, to prevent sealing of the seedlings.
7. Manage water.
A waterproof dam was set up around the seedling-raising field, the dam was 1 cm high, shallow water was put in, and the water was drained after the bed soil was drenched. If the water in a low-lying region was not thoroughly drained, several small holes were pricked on the laid plastic film in corresponding places to let the water seep into the subsoil. After the surface of the bed soil became white, water was put in again.
The rooting water should be complemented the day before transplanting of the seedlings, with the purpose of increasing the soil quantity of the root during transplanting and improving the survival rate and the survival speed of the seedlings.
8. Manage the fertilizer. The fertilizer should be supplemented when yellow leaves appear, and N-fertilizer, P-fertilizer and K-fertilizer were applied evenly.
Fertilizers were supplemented one week before transplanting, with the purpose of enabling the fertilizer effect to catch up timely after the seedlings were transplanted to the large field, to speed up the standing speed.
9. Transplant. Seedlings can be picked for transplanting when 3-5 true leaves were gown from the seedlings.
The above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which do not make any formal limitations to the present invention. Any simple modification, equivalent replacement and improvement and the like made by a person skilled in the art according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention should still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for cultivating rape seedlings, comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a seedling-raising field, wherein the seedling-raising field is a flat concrete court, a flat soil land or artificial greenhouse, wherein if the seedling-raising field is flat concrete court or flat soil land, the method further comprises spreading a layer of a thin-film material on the ground such that the thin-film material supports the formation of a one-piece seedling block;
(2) preparing bed soil by obtaining soil from a parcel of a field whose previous crop was a non-crucifer crop, sieving the soil, adding fertilizer and plant fibre to the soil, and sterilizing the soil;
(3) laying the bed soil in a seedling tray or frame arranged in the seedling-raising field;
(4) treating seeds by distributing a seed-treating agent onto untreated seeds through stirring to obtain intermediate-treated seeds and drying the intermediate-treated seeds;
(5) sowing the treated seeds in the bed soil uniformly;
(6) managing water in the bed soil by covering the sowed seeds with covering soil, stacking the seedling tray or frame, controllably covering the sowed seeds to maintain humidity in the bed soil until at least one cotyledon of seedlings grown from the sowed seeds is flattened;
(7) managing the fertilizer in the bed soil by adding supplemental fertilizer when yellow leaves of the seedlings fall, the supplemental fertilizer including N-fertilizer, P-fertilizer, K-fertilizer or combinations thereof; and (8) transplanting the seedlings when 3-5 true leaves are grown from the seedlings, wherein if the supplemental fertilizer includes N-fertilizer, the N-fertilizer is applied one week before the transplanting.
(1) preparing a seedling-raising field, wherein the seedling-raising field is a flat concrete court, a flat soil land or artificial greenhouse, wherein if the seedling-raising field is flat concrete court or flat soil land, the method further comprises spreading a layer of a thin-film material on the ground such that the thin-film material supports the formation of a one-piece seedling block;
(2) preparing bed soil by obtaining soil from a parcel of a field whose previous crop was a non-crucifer crop, sieving the soil, adding fertilizer and plant fibre to the soil, and sterilizing the soil;
(3) laying the bed soil in a seedling tray or frame arranged in the seedling-raising field;
(4) treating seeds by distributing a seed-treating agent onto untreated seeds through stirring to obtain intermediate-treated seeds and drying the intermediate-treated seeds;
(5) sowing the treated seeds in the bed soil uniformly;
(6) managing water in the bed soil by covering the sowed seeds with covering soil, stacking the seedling tray or frame, controllably covering the sowed seeds to maintain humidity in the bed soil until at least one cotyledon of seedlings grown from the sowed seeds is flattened;
(7) managing the fertilizer in the bed soil by adding supplemental fertilizer when yellow leaves of the seedlings fall, the supplemental fertilizer including N-fertilizer, P-fertilizer, K-fertilizer or combinations thereof; and (8) transplanting the seedlings when 3-5 true leaves are grown from the seedlings, wherein if the supplemental fertilizer includes N-fertilizer, the N-fertilizer is applied one week before the transplanting.
2.
The method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 2, wherein the fertilizer comprises 0.3 g to 0.8 g of pure nitrogen, 0.2 g to 0.5 g of phosphorus pentoxide fertilizer and potassium oxide fertilizer, 0.02 g to 0.04 g of borax and 5 g to 25 g of rotten organic fertilizer per litre of the bed soil, and wherein the plant fibre comprises 2.5 g to 10 g of straw fibers from different crops per litre of the bed soil, wherein the length of the plant fibre is from 10 mm to 30 mm, and the diameter of the plant fibre is 0.1 min to 1.5 mm.
The method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 2, wherein the fertilizer comprises 0.3 g to 0.8 g of pure nitrogen, 0.2 g to 0.5 g of phosphorus pentoxide fertilizer and potassium oxide fertilizer, 0.02 g to 0.04 g of borax and 5 g to 25 g of rotten organic fertilizer per litre of the bed soil, and wherein the plant fibre comprises 2.5 g to 10 g of straw fibers from different crops per litre of the bed soil, wherein the length of the plant fibre is from 10 mm to 30 mm, and the diameter of the plant fibre is 0.1 min to 1.5 mm.
3. The method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 1, wherein, when the seedlings are grown in the seedling tray for laying the bed soil, the bottom of the seedling tray defines a plurality of drain holes for discharging excess water in the seedling tray;
and wherein a thin-film material is laid in the bottom of the seedling tray for assisting in removal of the seedlings from the seedling tray during transplanting, the length of the thin-film material is slightly longer than that of the seedling tray such that there is an amount of thin film remaining outside on two ends after the bed soil is put in the seedling tray, and wherein the width of the thin-film material is slightly less than that of the seedling tray.
and wherein a thin-film material is laid in the bottom of the seedling tray for assisting in removal of the seedlings from the seedling tray during transplanting, the length of the thin-film material is slightly longer than that of the seedling tray such that there is an amount of thin film remaining outside on two ends after the bed soil is put in the seedling tray, and wherein the width of the thin-film material is slightly less than that of the seedling tray.
4. The method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 1, wherein, when the seedlings are grown in the frame for laying the bed soil, the frame includes a frame structure and spacer plates extending to the ground to divide the frame into blocks such that seedlings grown in bed soil contained in a block grows independent of seedlings grown in bed soiled contained in other blocks.
5. The method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the seed-treating agent is an aqueous solution comprising, per litre of the aqueous solution:
0.2 g of indolebutyric acid,
0.2 g of indolebutyric acid,
6 g of 5% uniconazole, 215 mg of ammonium molybdate, 117 mg of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 234 mg of magnesium sulfate, 0.8 mg of boric acid, 1.6 mg of zinc sulfate, and 1.6 mg of manganese sulfate.
6.
The method of claim 5, wherein the treating of the seeds comprises stirring 100g of the untreated seeds with 1 ml to 8 ml of the seed-treating agent and then sowed after drying.
6.
The method of claim 5, wherein the treating of the seeds comprises stirring 100g of the untreated seeds with 1 ml to 8 ml of the seed-treating agent and then sowed after drying.
7. The method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the sowing of the treated seeds is performed with a seeding apparatus consisting of two structures A and B, the A
structure placeable or movable in the B structure; a middle portion of the A
structure is a sowing area, two ends of the sowing area are seed containing pools respectively, and one end of the A
structure extends outwards, to form a handle; a cross section of the sowing area of the A
structure is a wave shape, a bottom end of a waved trough is provided with several seeding holes, when the A structure is placed in the B structure, positions in the B
structure which correspond to the seeding holes of the A structure are provided with seed-passing holes, the seed-passing holes one-to-one correspond to the seeding holes and deviate about half a pitch from one side than the seeding holes, and the size of the seed-passing holes is greater than that of the seeding holes; in use, the A structure is inserted into the B structure, to form the seeding apparatus, and at this point, the seeding holes of the A structure are covered by a part without holes of the B structure;
a certain amount of seeds are placed in the seed containing pool of the A
structure, by shaking the seeding apparatus, the seeds fall into the seeding holes of the A
structure, and then excessive seeds are moved into the seed containing pool on any side; the seeding apparatus is placed on the bed soil, the A structure is drawn half a pitch to one side relative to the B
structure, to make the seeding holes completely coincide with the positions of the seed-passing holes, the seeds in the seeding holes pass through the seed-passing holes and fall into the bed soil, and the seeding apparatus is moved away, so as to complete the seeding process.
structure placeable or movable in the B structure; a middle portion of the A
structure is a sowing area, two ends of the sowing area are seed containing pools respectively, and one end of the A
structure extends outwards, to form a handle; a cross section of the sowing area of the A
structure is a wave shape, a bottom end of a waved trough is provided with several seeding holes, when the A structure is placed in the B structure, positions in the B
structure which correspond to the seeding holes of the A structure are provided with seed-passing holes, the seed-passing holes one-to-one correspond to the seeding holes and deviate about half a pitch from one side than the seeding holes, and the size of the seed-passing holes is greater than that of the seeding holes; in use, the A structure is inserted into the B structure, to form the seeding apparatus, and at this point, the seeding holes of the A structure are covered by a part without holes of the B structure;
a certain amount of seeds are placed in the seed containing pool of the A
structure, by shaking the seeding apparatus, the seeds fall into the seeding holes of the A
structure, and then excessive seeds are moved into the seed containing pool on any side; the seeding apparatus is placed on the bed soil, the A structure is drawn half a pitch to one side relative to the B
structure, to make the seeding holes completely coincide with the positions of the seed-passing holes, the seeds in the seeding holes pass through the seed-passing holes and fall into the bed soil, and the seeding apparatus is moved away, so as to complete the seeding process.
8. The method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 7, wherein, the A
structure comprises a waved profile, wherein the seeding holes are machined at troughs in the waved pro file.
structure comprises a waved profile, wherein the seeding holes are machined at troughs in the waved pro file.
9. The method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 1, wherein prior to sowing the seeds, the laid bed soil is watered to a saturated state with uniform water flows; wherein the sowing is carried out after the surface of the bed soil has no stagnant water, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is from 2 mm to 6 mm; wherein the water content of the covering soil is up to 40%-50% of the maximum water-holding capacity; wherein the stacking of the seedling tray or frame comprises 40 to 80 layers; wherein the seedling trays are put out when it is seen that about 1/3 of the seeds become yellow in the seedling trays; wherein the managing of the water further comprises supplementing water and wherein the controllably covering uses a white non-woven fabric of 30-50 g/m2; wherein when the at least one cotyledon of the seedlings is completely flattened and becomes green, that is, 36-48 hours after the trays are put out, the non-woven fabrics are uncovered; afterwards, controllably supplying water supply to promote growth in a root system of the seedlings based on wilting of the seedlings;
and a rooting water is complemented the day before the transplanting of the seedlings, with the purpose of increasing the soil quantity of the root during transplanting and improving the survival rate and the survival speed of the seedlings.
and a rooting water is complemented the day before the transplanting of the seedlings, with the purpose of increasing the soil quantity of the root during transplanting and improving the survival rate and the survival speed of the seedlings.
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| CA2923364A CA2923364C (en) | 2016-03-09 | 2016-03-09 | Method for cultivating rape seedlings |
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| CA2923364A CA2923364C (en) | 2016-03-09 | 2016-03-09 | Method for cultivating rape seedlings |
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| CA2923364C true CA2923364C (en) | 2018-11-06 |
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| CN114631465A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-17 | 深圳市南理工技术转移中心有限公司 | Low-cost-input environment-friendly seedling raising method |
| CN113940225A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-18 | 刘永刚 | Red sand seed field-exposing seedling raising method |
| CN117281011B (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2024-05-14 | 南通极菜农业科技发展有限公司 | Seedling substrate preparation method using straw as raw material |
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