CA2923364A1 - Method for cultivating rape seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for cultivating seedlings is disclosed, which includes: preparing a seedling-raising field: select a flat concrete court, a flat clay land or artificial greenhouse; preparing bed soil: the soil is derived from parcel of rice fields, fertilizer and plant fiber are stirred in the soil, and sterilization is carried out; laying the bed soil: seedlings are raised by a seeding tray, or by a frame made on the seedling-raising field; treating seeds: seeds are dressed by adding a seed-treating agent in the seeds; sowing: the seeds are evenly distributed; managing water: when the seedlings are raised by a seeding tray, it is required as follows: sowing is carried out in the case of enough moisture, the seeds are covered in the case of optimum moisture, the moisture is kept by folding the tray, moisture is supplemented by covering, and water is controlled by uncovering; managing the fertilizer; and transplanting.

Description

METHOD FOR CULTIVATING RAPE SEEDLINGS
Technical Field The present invention belongs to the field of agricultural technologies, and in particular, to a method for cultivating seedlings.
Background Rape is one of the main oil crops in the world, and its main way of planting includes direct seeding and seedling transplantation. The rape has high direct seeding efficiency and a low cost, and such a manner is mostly used in regions with the single cropping system for planting. An existing problem is that seedling emergence after sowing is greatly affected by natural disasters such as drought, waterlogging and low temperatures, and sometimes devastating losses may even occur. In addition, in some high latitude areas, due to low temperatures, the effective accumulative temperature in the growing period of the rape is insufficient, and it is difficult to obtain higher yield. The seedling transplantation can effectively solve the problem existing in the direct seeding. However, for the traditional seedling transplantation, the rape uses the manners of seedbed seedling and artificial picking and transplanting, which not only uses more labor, great labor intensity and low production efficiency but also increases the production cost. In recent years, various forms of rape transplanting machines and tools have been developed, which still cannot meet the demand for extensive production in the aspects of increasing transplanting efficiency and controlling the cost and thus cannot be applied on a large scale to the production.
Therefore, it is necessary to realize mechanization of the rape planting link, readjust the solution and convert from one-way adaptability research of agricultural machinery to agronomy to two-way adaptability research of agricultural machinery to agronomy.
A high speed cutting mechanized transplanting technology is realized by cultivating blanket seedlings in the rice, which has a high degree of automation and high operation efficiency. Reference can be made to the Chinese Invention Patent Application with Application No. 201110129961.9 for related contents. Although such a method increases the cost of raising seedlings and purchasing transplanting machines, use of the method is CAN_DMS. \101699496\3 still cost-efficient relative to benefit increase brought about by increase of the rice yield and resultant reduction of the labor input.
Realizing transplanting of the rape is rapid and convenient as the rice, and to realize mechanization, cultivating blanket rape seedlings similar to the blanket rice seedlings and properly changing a rice planter to adapt to the need of planting the blanket rape seedlings in dry land should be a worthwhile attempt. However, the biological characteristics of rape and rice differ greatly. Firstly, their root system structures are totally different, the rice is the fibrous root system, does not have a main root but has lots of thick and long lateral roots, the root system is developed, and it is very easy for roots to be entangled with roots and soil into a whole, to form seedling pieces. The rape is the tap root system, the main root is developed, but lateral roots are thin and short, the total number of the roots is less, and under normal circumstances, the seedling block formed by intertwining of the root system has insufficient strength, is easy to loose, and is difficult to be mounted on the machine for transplanting. Secondly, the rice is a monocot crop, and the leaf is elongated, which occupies less space individually and can grow under high density conditions.
The rape is a dicotyledon crop, and the leaf is similar to the oval, which occupies great space individually.
In the case of large density, the root collar and the basal internode of the seedlings are easy to extend, to form linear seedlings, and this must be avoided for cultivating robust rape seedlings. However, if high-density sowing cannot be realized, it means that the area of seedlings transplanted to the land per unit area will increase, the seedling cost will increase, and the transplanting efficiency will decrease, thereby increasing the application cost of such a technology. In addition, the rice is an aquatic crop, while the rape is a xerophilous crop, their demands for water in the seedling stage are different, and thus the seedling raising techniques also differ greatly.
In view of the above, using a standardized and large-scale seedling raising manner to cultivate high density and robust blanket rape seedlings and using the existing mature rice planter for transplanting have high efficiency and a low cost, which can effectively solve the problem existing during production of direct-seeding rape and seedling-transplantation rape. Meanwhile, although cultivation of the blanket rice seedlings has already had more CAN_DMS: \101699496\3

2 successful research accumulation and can provide referential experience for raising rape seedlings, the rape and the rice have lots of differences, and there are lots of technical difficulties to be solved.
SUMMARY
In one aspect, there is provided a method for cultivating rape seedlings, comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a seedling-raising field: it is possible to select a flat concrete court, a flat clay land or artificial greenhouse, when the flat concrete court or flat clay land is selected, it is necessary to spread a layer of a thin-film material on the ground, and the thin-film material plays a supporting role in forming a one-piece seedling block;
(2) preparing bed soil: the soil of bed soil is derived from parcel of rice fields whose previous crops are different crops, the soil is sieved, fertilizer and plant fiber are stirred in the soil, to be blended, and the bed soil is sterilized;

(3) laying the bed soil: seedlings are raised by a seeding tray or frame;

(4) treating seeds: seeds are dressed by using a seed-treating agent, sufficient stirring is required, to make the solution evenly distributed on the seeds, and sowing can be carried out after the dressed seeds are dried;

(5) sowing: uniform sowing is carried out according to required sowing quantity;

(6) managing water: sowing is carried out in the case of enough moisture, the seeds are covered in the case of optimum moisture, the moisture is kept by folding the tray, humidity is kept by covering, and water is controlled by uncovering;

(7) managing the fertilizer: the fertilizer should be supplemented when yellow leaves fall, N-fertilizer, P-fertilizer and K-fertilizer are applied evenly, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied one week before transplanting; and

(8) transplanting: seedlings can be picked for transplanting when 3-5 main leaves are grown from the seedlings.
CAN_DMS \101699496\3 An objective of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating blanket rape seedlings suitable for machine transplanting.
To achieve the objective, the present invention uses the following technical solution:
1. Prepare a seedling-raising field.
At first, the seedling-raising field can be selected:
a flat concrete court, a flat clay land or artificial greenhouse. It is required that there is no shading around, it is easy to supply water, and drainage is smooth. In the case of raising seedlings by a seeding tray, the seedlings are directly arranged on the concrete court; in the case of raising seedlings by a frame, a layer of a thin-film material, such as plastic film, is first spread on the ground, and when the connection strength of the root system of the cultivated seedling blocks is not sufficient to form blanket seedlings, it is possible to cut the thin-film materials and then pick the thin-film materials together with the seedling blocks, which plays a supporting role in forming a one-piece seedling block. In the case of raising seedlings on the clay land, the plastic film can also prevent the root system of the seedlings from going deeply below the ground, to cause difficult seedling picking and damage to the root system during seedling picking.
2. Prepare bed soil.
(2.1) The soil of the bed soil is derived from parcel of rice fields whose previous crops are non-crucifer crops, the soil should be sieved, and the texture of the soil is fine and uniform. The rape is the crucifer crop, and to reduce transfer of disease sources, the soil whose previous crop is the non-crucifer crop should be avoided. The purpose of the sieving is to remove the stone, grass and greater particles in the soil. That the texture of the soil is fine and uniform intends to ensure that the seedlings come out evenly.
(2.2) The fertilizer is stirred in the soil. 0.3 g to 0.8 g of pure nitrogen, 0.2 g to 0.5 g of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, 0.02 g to 0.04 g of borax and 5 g to 25 g of rotten organic fertilizer are stirred in each liter of bed soil and blended. Stirring the rotten organic fertilizer in the bed soil facilitates the bed soil to form a rubber crumb structure conductive to plant growth and continuous supply of fertilizer efficiency. The benefit of the maturity of CAN_DMS \101699496\3 the organic fertilizer is that it can eliminate some pathogens.
(2.3) Add the plant fiber. The plant fiber which is the non-crucifer crop, for example, 2.5 g to 10 g of crushed rice straw, is stirred in each liter of bed soil and blended. The length of the fiber is 10 mm to 30 mm, and the diameter is 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm.
The effects of adding the plant fiber are as follows: making up insufficient number and strength of the vegetable seedling root, becoming a connection link between the soil and between the root system and the soil, and enhancing connection strength of the seedling blocks;
increasing water retaining capacity of the bed soil, and reducing the number of times of watering in the seedling stage; and reducing the weight of the bed soil, to facilitate transportation and handling.
(2.4) Sterilize the bed soil. The bed soil is sterilized by using a fungicide such as carbendazim, and this step is important and necessary. One of the most important characteristics of cultivating rape seedlings of this method is that the density is very high, and the seedling amount per square meter is up to 2000-8000 strains. Under high-density conditions, the seedlings have weak quality and poor resistance, and are vulnerable to infection of pathogenic bacteria to cause widespread dead seedlings. If the bed soil is disinfected and sterilized with a certain concentration of fungicide, the dead seedling phenomenon almost disappears.
The above four points are important techniques of raising seedlings under high-density rape conditions. This seedling raising method has very strict requirements for the bed soil, and good bed soil is the basic guarantee of cultivating high-quality rape seedlings.
3. Lay the bed soil.
The bed soil for raising seedlings can be laid in the following forms:
(3.1) A seeding tray with a certain size is selected to raise the seedlings (FIG. 1), and the length, the width and the depth of the seeding tray are determined according to requirements of transplanting machinery. The bottom of the seeding tray is provided with a certain number of small holes, to facilitate excessive water in the seeding tray to be discharged. A layer of a durable thin-film material is laid in the bottom of the seeding tray, CAN_DMS \101699496\3 for example, plastic films and non-woven fabrics. The width of the film is equal to the bottom of the seeding tray, the length is slightly longer than that of the seeding tray, and it is required that there are still a small amount of thin film remaining outside on two ends after the bed soil is put in the seeding tray, to facilitate holding two ends of the film with hands to assist in picking seedlings. The effects of the thin-film material are as follows: one is assisting in picking seedlings when the intertwining strength of the roots of the seedlings is not sufficient to form a seedling block that can be twisted, and the other is preventing the roots from growing outside from the drain hole at the bottom of the seeding tray. The bed soil is put into the seeding tray, the height of the bed soil is slightly lower than that of the tray mouth, and the surface is smoothed. Multiple seeding trays are arranged into a row in the seedling-raising field, and a suitable aisle is left in the middle for field management.
Alternatively, the seeding tray is three-dimensionally set up within the artificial greenhouse for management.
(3.2) Make a seeding frame on the seedling-raising field (FIG. 2). A
relatively thick material is used for an outline border, to form an enclosed rectangle, and the enclosed area depends on actual situations of the seedling-raising field and management convenience. A
light and thin material is used inside the enclosed area as a clapboard which is divided into several small boxes with a certain size, and the size and height of the small boxes are determined according to requirements of transplanting machinery. The clapboard contacts the ground, to make the bed soil in each small box separated from each other, so that seedling blocks independent of each other are cultivated. The manufacturing material of the seeding frame should be strong and not easy to deform, such as aluminum alloy and PVC, and the connection mode should be easy to disassemble, to make the seeding frame easy to store and reusable, thereby reducing the seedling cost.
The bed soil is laid in the seeding frame, and the surface is smoothed.
After completion of the division, the bed soil is laid in the seeding frame, and the surface is smoothed. Similarly, the division material should be easy to disassemble and reusable.
4. Treat seeds.
CAN_DMS: \101699496\3 One of the important characteristics of the method for raising seedlings of the present invention is that the density is very great, and the density is generally 2000-8000 strains/m2.
Under circumstances of such density, if the seeds are not treated in advance, the root collar of the seedlings will immediately elongate after coming out, and then the basal internode also begins to elongate. This needs to be avoided to the utmost for cultivating robust seedlings. Carrying out a study of seed treatment by using a chemical method can effectively avoid elongation of the root collar and the basal internode, thus providing a possibility for cultivating strong seedlings.
The seed-treating agent includes the following compositions: indolebutyric acid, uniconazole, ammonium molybdate, iron vitriol, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate, the compositions are prepared into a solution with water, and the composition of each liter of the treating agent solution is: 0.2 g of indolebutyric acid, 6 g of 5% uniconazole, 215 mg of ammonium molybdate, 117 mg of iron vitriol, 234 mg of magnesium sulfate, 0.8 mg of boric acid, 1.6 mg of zinc sulfate, 1.6 mg of manganese sulfate, and the rest is water.
The method for treating the seeds is: adding a certain amount of the solution to the seeds per unit weight to dress the seeds, and generally 100g of the seeds are stirred with 1 ml to 8 ml of the treating agent, or the compositions with corresponding dosage are taken out to treat the seeds with another method; sufficient stirring is required, to make the solution evenly distributed on the seeds. The treated seeds can be sowed after drying.
The concentration of the compositions of the solution and the quantity of the stirred solution depend on varietal characteristics, thousand seed weight and seeding density, and prior trials are required for different situations to achieve the best effect.
The seeds treated with the method, after coming out, can effectively reduce the length of the root collar, increase the thickness of the root collar, and reduce the risk of elongation of the basal internode of the seedlings, and the changes are very beneficial for cultivating robust seedlings.
5. Sowing.
CAN_DMS: \101699496\3 The basic requirement of sowing is evenly distributing the seeds in the bed soil, to achieve reasonable use of light and space. The present invention proposes an efficient and accurate seeding positioning method. Specific contents are as follows:
A seeding apparatus used during sowing consists of two parts, i.e., A
structure (FIG. 3) and B structure (FIG. 4), the A structure may be placed in the B structure, and the A
structure is slightly smaller than the B structure, can just be put in the B
structure and can move in the B structure; the middle of the A structure is a sowing area, two sides of the sowing area are seed containing pools respectively, and one end of the A
structure extends outwards, to form a handle.
A cross section of the sowing area of the A structure is a wave shape (FIG.
5), a bottom end of a waved trough is provided with several seeding holes, when the A
structure is placed in the B structure, positions in the B structure which correspond to the seeding holes of the A structure are provided with seed-passing holes, the seed-passing holes one-to-one correspond to the seeding holes and deviate about half a pitch from one side than the seeding holes, to realize that, when the A structure is pushed into the bottom of the B
structure and the seeding holes are covered by imporous positions of the B
structure and pulled about half a pitch outward, the positions of the seeding holes overlap with the positions of the seed-passing holes. The size of the seed-passing holes is greater than that of the seeding holes. That the aperture of the seed-passing holes of the B
structure is slightly greater than that of the seeding holes of the A structure is aimed at preventing the seeding apparatus from causing that upper and lower eyelets are difficult to be completely aligned due to errors in machining precision to lead to seeding blockage, which affects seeding efficiency. After the seed-passing holes are enlarged, free falling of the seeds in the seeding holes will become easy. However, the aperture of the seed-passing holes should not be too large, and if the aperture is too large, the precision of the seed-falling position will decrease.
The distance between two adjacent troughs of the sowing area and the number of the troughs need to be determined according to sowing area and density requirements. The benefits of designing the A structure to be a wave shape are as follows: the first one is that CAN_DMS. \101699496\3 the seeds are limited to movement within the troughs, and the probability of falling into the seeding holes will be greatly increased, thus reducing the number of times and time of sieving during sowing. The second one is that, compared with the plane, the wave shape greatly reduces the area of contact with the B structure, thereby reducing the friction of moving the A structure and increasing flexibility of the seeding apparatus.
The third one is that, compared with the plane, the longitudinal deformation of the waved structure is less, which can greatly prolong the service life of the seeding apparatus.
The bottom of the seed containing pool is flush with and in communication with the bottom of the waved trough, and the upper mouth is flush with the top of the waved crest.
The effect of the seed containing pool is collecting excessive seeds in the seeding holes, to prevent more seeds from falling into the seeding holes, which can also increase the amount of the seeds one-time carried by the seeding apparatus and decrease the number of times of seeding. The benefit of two seed containing pools compared with one seed containing pool is that the seeds only need to move from one end to the other end, the seeding holes can be filled with the seeds, and then sowing is possible, without sieving the seeds back, which can obviously reduce the number of times and time of sieving.
The sides of the A structure are machined into a plane 1-8 mm wide, and the height of the plane is flush with the top of the crest.
The diameter of the seeding holes is 1-2 times that of the sown seeds, and the number of the seeding holes is determined according to the seeding density.
Selecting that the A structure has different thicknesses can control the number of seeds sown in each seeding point, and if it is only necessary to sow one seed in one seeding point, the thickness of the A structure is 0.5-1.5 times the diameter of the seeds;
if it is necessary to sow 2 seeds in one seeding point, the thickness of the A structure is 1.5-2.5 times the diameter of the seeds, and if it is necessary to sow more seeds in the same seeding point, the thickness of the A structure is increased correspondingly.
Fixed vertical edges are made around the B structure, to make the B structure form a box shape; when the A structure is placed in the B structure, the position in the B structure CAN_DMS \101699496\3

9 which corresponds to the seed containing pool of the A structure is provided with an upper cover plate, to prevent the seeds from jumping out during sieving.
The A structure and the B structure are made of polymer or metal materials, and the materials used make the structural thickness of the seed board uniform, the surface flat, not deform, have great strength and light weight.
The efficient and accurate seeding positioning method by using the seeding apparatus includes the following steps:
1) the A structure is inserted into the B structure, to form a complete seeding apparatus, and at this point, the seeding holes of the A structure should be covered by imporous positions of the B structure; a certain amount of seeds are placed in the seed containing pool of the A structure, by shaking the seeding apparatus, the seeds fall into the seeding holes of the A structure, and then excessive seeds are moved into the seed containing pool on any side;
2) the seeding apparatus is placed on the bed soil, the A structure is drawn half a pitch to one side relative to the B structure, to make the seeding holes completely coincide with the positions of the seed-passing holes, and the seeds in the seeding holes pass through the seed-passing holes and fall into the bed soil; and 3) the seeding apparatus is moved away, so as to complete the seeding process.
When the seeding apparatus of the present invention is used for sowing, efficient and accurate positioning is possible, thereby improving seeding quality and efficiency, reducing the seeding cost, providing convenience for seedling production, and being suitable for large-scale promotion.
7. Manage water.
(7.1) A method for managing water of seedlings in the seeding tray:
Sowing is carried out in the case of enough moisture: after the bed soil is ready, the bed soil is watered to a saturated state with fine and uniform water flows, and excessive waters can be discharged from drain holes, to ensure that the bed soil can absorb enough moisture.
CAN_DMS: \101699496\3 The seeds are covered in the case of optimum moisture: sowing is carried out after the surface of the bed soil has no clear stagnant water, the seeds are covered with the bed soil after sowing, the soil is 2-6 mm thick, it is preferred that the seeds are not exposed and are as shallow as possible, and the thickness is uniform. Seed-covering soil needs to be watered less at first, to make water content of the seed-covering soil up to about 40%-50% of the maximum water-holding capacity (which feels wet, forms a clump when hand-gripped, and scatters when loosened). Such water content can meet the requirement of the seed sprouting and emergence for the water, and can also ensure sufficient oxygen supply.
Watering is not necessary after seed covering.
The moisture is kept by folding the tray: the seeding trays after covered with soil are stacked together layer upon layer, the number of layers is preferably 40-80, and the uppermost layer is capped with two seeding trays with a layer of plastic film sandwiched between them. The two seeding trays are kept at a distance of 5-10 cm. If the distance is too small, gas exchange between the seeding trays and the outside will be affected, and if the distance is too large, the moisturizing effect will be affected. The tray folding time can be controlled with three methods: (1) estimated according to time, in normal seedling raising seasons, it is 36-48 hours after the tray folding; (2) estimated according to the effective accumulative temperature, after the tray folding, the effective accumulative temperature is up to 45-50 degrees; (3) estimated by eye, the seeding trays are put out when it is seen that about 1/3 of the seeds are little yellow in the seeding trays.
Moisture is supplemented by covering: after the seeding trays are put out, water is supplemented where water is in shortage, then the seeding trays are covered, and the material for covering is white non-woven fabrics of 30-50 g/m2.
Water is controlled by uncovering: when cotyledon of the seedlings is completely flattened and becomes green, that is, about 36-48 hours after the trays are put out, the non-woven fabrics can be uncovered; afterwards, water supply is controlled properly, as long as wilting does not occur in corners, to promote the root system to be grounded; and moisture can be supplemented less when wilting occurs.
(7.2) The water management for seedling raising in the seeding tray is as follows: after CAN_DMS: \101699496\3 the sowing, a layer of light and permeable covering is covered on the bed soil for preserving the temperature and humidity, and the covering is removed after the cotyledon is flattened. Before the two-leaf stage, the seedlings should be protected by covering in case of rainy days, to prevent rain from rushing the seedlings. During seedling raising, the water is supplemented as appropriate, and the supplementing manner may be spraying water from the top or bleeding water from the bottom after a retaining dam is built around to put water in.
The rooting water should be complemented the day before transplanting of the seedlings, with the purpose of increasing the soil quantity of the root during transplanting and improving the survival rate and the survival speed of the seedlings.
8. Manage the fertilizer. The fertilizer should be supplemented when yellow leaves fall, and N-fertilizer, P-fertilizer and K-fertilizer are applied evenly. Nitrogen fertilizer is applied one week before transplanting, with the purpose of enabling the fertilizer efficiency to catch up timely after the seedlings are transplanted to the large field, to speed up the standing speed.
9. Transplant. Seedlings can be picked for transplanting when 3-5 main leaves are grown from the seedlings.
Beneficial effects:
The basic features of the seedling method of the present invention are as follows:
1. The seedling density per unit area is higher. 2000-8000 strains are cultivated every square meter. The higher density may increase transplanting efficiency and reduce the seedling raising cost, and the difficulty of cultivating strong seedlings also increases.
2. The seeding efficiency is higher and the seeds are evenly distributed.
2. The seedlings come out neatly and uniformly, and the missing seedling rate of machine picking is low.
3. The seedlings, through a combination of the root with the bed soil of the seedlings or in another auxiliary way, form a nonbreakable whole, to facilitate carrying and mounting.
CAN_DMS. \101699496\3 4. The seedlings are robust, the root collar and the basal internode do not elongate obviously, and the vitality is prosperous.
5. Less plant diseases and insect pests are carried.
6. After the seedlings are transplanted into the large field, standing is quick and the rejuvenation period is short.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a seeding tray.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a seeding frame.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of A structure in a seeding apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of B structure in the seeding apparatus.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a sowing area of the A structure.
In the figures: 1-handle, 2-seed containing pool, 3-trough, 4-crest, 5-seeding hole, 6-plane, 7-vertical edge, 8-seed-passing hole, 9-upper cover plate, 10-opening.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention is further described below in combination with specific examples.
Example 1 1. Select a seedling-raising field: a flat concrete court, no shading around, easy water supply, and smooth drainage.
2. Prepare bed soil.
(2.1) The soil of the bed soil was derived from parcel of rice fields whose previous crops were non-crucifer crops, the soil should be sieved, and the texture was fine and uniform. The rape was the crucifer crop, and to reduce transfer of disease sources, the soil was required to be derived from parcel of rice fields whose previous crop was the non-crucifer crop. The purpose of the sieving was to remove the stone, grass and greater particles in the soil. That the texture was fine and uniform intended to ensure that the CAN_DMS \101699496\3 seedlings come out evenly.
(2.2) The fertilizer was stirred in the soil. 0.8 g of pure nitrogen, 0.5 g of P205 and 0.5 g of K204, 0.04 g of borax, 20 g of rotten organic fertilizer, and 10 g of crushed rice straw fiber were stirred in each liter of bed soil and blended. The length of the fiber was 1 cm, and the diameter of the fiber was 1 mm.
(2.3) Sterilize the bed soil. 50% carbendazim was prepared into 1000 times liquid, spraying was carried out according to the amount of 100 kg nutritional soil plus 5 g to 6 g carbendazim, and they were blended after spraying and sealed with films for 2-3 days, which can kill many kinds of bacteria in the soil and prevent harmful bacteria from hurting the seedlings.
The seedlings were cultivated in a seeding tray 58 cm long, 28 cm wide and 2.5 cm deep, and the bottom of the seeding tray was evenly distributed with about 50 drain holes.
A layer of plastic film was laid at the bottom of the seeding tray. The width of the film was equal to the bottom of the seeding tray, the length was 67 cm, and the film was placed in the middle of the seeding tray. In this way, there were still about 2 cm of the film beyond the seeding tray on two ends after the bed soil was put therein, to facilitate holding two ends of the film with hands to assist in picking seedlings. The prepared bed soil was put into the seeding tray, and the surface of the bed soil is 3 mm lower than the tray mouth and was smoothed.
4. Treat seeds.
The thousand seed weight of the seeding variety was about 4.2 g, and the average diameter of the grain was 1 mm.
The seed-treating agent included the following compositions: indolebutyric acid, uniconazole, ammonium molybdate, iron vitriol, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate, the compositions were prepared into a solution with water, and the composition of each liter of the treating agent solution was: 0.2 g of indolebutyric acid, 6 g of 5% uniconazole, 215 mg of ammonium molybdate, 117 mg of iron vitriol, 234 mg of magnesium sulfate, 0.8 mg of boric acid, 1.6 mg of zinc sulfate, 1.6 mg of manganese CAN_DMS' \101699496\3 sulfate, and the rest was water.
The method for treating the seeds was: adding 2 ml of the solution to each 100 g of the seeds, which were put into a plastic bottle and fully stirred, and the seeds were sown after drying.
5. Sowing.
The diameter of the seeds of the sown rape variety was 2 mm. The seeding density was 800 grains every seeding tray.
Two seeding structures, i.e., A and B, were machined by using a PVC material:
the A
structure was 28 cm wide and 2 mm thick. After a plane 6 of 5 mm was left on a side of the A structure, the sowing area in the middle was machined to a wave shape as shown in FIG.
3, the number of the trough 3 was 20, which were evenly distributed, the troughs 3 were 57 cm long, and a vertical distance between the crest 4 and the trough 3 was 1 cm. 40 seeding holes 5 were evenly machined in each trough 3, and the diameter of the seeding holes was 2.8 cm. Seed containing pools 2 which were 27 cm wide and 10 cm long were machined respectively on front and rear sides of the sowing area. An outer side of the seed containing pool 2 on one end was machined with a handle 1 which was 3 cm wide.
The B structure was 5 mm thick, the inner mouth was 28 cm wide, and the length of the inner mount was the length of the A structure minus the length of the handle 11. Fixed vertical edges 7 were made around the B structure, to make the B structure form a box shape, the vertical edges 7 were 5 cm high, on one end, and an opening 10 of 1 cm was left between the lower portion of the vertical edges 7 and the bottom plate of the B structure, to allow A to be just inserted therein. When the A structure was placed in the B
structure, positions in the B structure which corresponded to the seeding holes 5 of the A plate were provided with seed-passing holes 8, the seed-passing holes 8 one-to-one corresponded to the seeding holes 5 and deviated about half a pitch from one side than the seeding holes 5, and the diameter of the seed-passing holes 8 was 3.5 mm. The position in the B
structure which corresponded to the seed containing pool 2 of the A structure was provided with an upper cover plate 9, to prevent the seeds from jumping out during sieving.
CAN DMS: \101699496\3 -The A structure was inserted into the B structure to form a complete seeding apparatus, and at this point, the seeding holes 5 of the A structure were covered by imporous positions on the bottom plate of the B structure, so that the seeds cannot pass through the seeding holes 5. A certain amount of seeds were placed in the seed containing pool 2, by shaking the seeding apparatus, the seeds fell into the seeding holes 5 of the A
structure, and then excessive seeds were moved to the seed containing pool 2 on any end. The seeding apparatus was placed on the bed soil, and the A structure was drawn half a pitch to one side relative to the B structure, to make the seeding holes 5 completely coincide with the positions of the seed-passing holes 8, so that the seeds in the seeding holes 5 passed through the seed-passing holes 8 and fell into the bed soil.
The seeding apparatus was moved away, so as to complete the seeding process.
6. Manage water.
The seeds were sown in the case of enough moisture: after the bed soil was ready, the bed soil was watered to a saturated state with fine and uniform water flows, and excessive water could be discharged from drain holes, to ensure that the bed soil can absorb enough moisture.
The seeds were covered in the case of optimum moisture: the seeds were sown after the surface of the bed soil had no clear stagnant water, the seeds were covered with the bed soil after sowing, the soil was 2-6 mm thick, it was preferred that the seeds were not exposed and were as shallow as possible, and the thickness was uniform. Seed-covering soil needed to be watered less at first, to make water content of the seed-covering soil up to about 40%-50% of the maximum water-holding capacity (which felt wet, formed a clump when hand-gripped, and scattered when loosened). Such water content can meet the requirement of the seed sprouting and emerging for the water, and can also ensure sufficient oxygen supply. Watering was not necessary after seed covering.
The moisture was kept by folding the tray: the seeding trays after covered with soil were stacked together layer upon layer, the number of layers was preferably 40-80, and the uppermost layer was capped with two seeding trays with a layer of plastic film sandwiched CAN_DMS \101699496\3 between them. The two seeding trays were kept at a distance of 5-10 cm. If the distance was too small, gas exchange between the seeding trays and the outside would be affected, and if the distance was too large, the moisturizing effect would be affected.
The tray folding time can be controlled with three methods: (1) estimated according to time, in normal seedling raising seasons, it was 36-48 hours after the tray folding;
(2) estimated according to the effective accumulative temperature, after the tray folding, the effective accumulative temperature was up to 45-50 degrees; (3) estimated by eye, the seeding trays were put out when it was seen that about 1/3 of the seeds were little yellow in the seeding trays.
Moisture was supplemented by covering: after the seeding trays were put out, water was supplemented where water was in shortage, then the seeding trays were covered, and the material for covering was white non-woven fabrics of 30-50 g/m2.
Water was controlled by uncovering: when cotyledon of the seedlings was completely flattened and became green, that is, about 36-48 hours after the trays were put out, the non-woven fabrics can be uncovered; afterwards, water supply was controlled properly, as long as wilting did not occur in corners, to promote the root system to be grounded; and moisture can be supplemented less when wilting occurred.
The rooting water should be complemented the day before transplanting of the seedlings, with the purpose of increasing the soil quantity of the root during transplanting and improving the survival rate and the survival speed of the seedlings.
7. Manage the fertilizer.
The fertilizer should be supplemented when yellow leaves fell, and N-fertilizer, P-fertilizer and K-fertilizer were applied evenly. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied one week before transplanting, with the purpose of enabling the fertilizer efficiency to catch up timely after the seedlings were transplanted to the large field, to speed up the standing speed.
8. Transplant. Seedlings can be picked for transplanting when 3-5 main leaves were grown from the seedlings.
Example 2 CAN_DMS \101699496\3 1. Prepare a seedling-raising field. A flat concrete court was selected, the horizontal error did not exceed 0.5 cm, there was no shading around, it was easy to supply water, and drainage was smooth. A layer of plastic film was laid on the ground.
2. Prepare bed soil.
(2.1) The soil of the bed soil was derived from parcel of rice fields whose previous crops were non-crucifer crops, the soil should be sieved, and the texture was fine and uniform. The rape was the crucifer crop, and to reduce transfer of disease sources, the soil was required to be derived from parcel of rice fields whose previous crop was the non-crucifer crop. The purpose of the sieving was to remove the stone, grass and greater particles in the soil. That the texture was fine and uniform intended to ensure that the seedlings come out evenly.
(2.2) The fertilizer was stirred in the soil. 0.8 g of pure nitrogen, 0.5 g of P205 and 0.5 g of K204, 0.05 g of borax, 40 g of rotten organic fertilizer, and 30 g of crushed rice straw fiber were stirred in each liter of bed soil and blended. The length of the fiber was 1 cm, and the diameter of the fiber was 0.1 mm.
(2.3) Sterilize the bed soil. 50% carbendazim was prepared into 1000 times liquid, spraying was carried out according to the amount of 100 kg nutritional soil plus 5 g to 6 g carbendazim, and they were blended after spraying and sealed with films for 2-3 days, which can kill many kinds of bacteria in the soil and prevent harmful bacteria from hurting the seedlings.
3. Lay the bed soil.
(3.1) Make a seeding frame. An aluminum alloy profile which was 2 cm wide and 2.5 cm thick was made into a frame which was 280.9 cm long and 58 cm wide. A slot which was 1 mm wide was sawed every 28 cm on two borders, an aluminum alloy clapboard which was 1 mm thick was inserted, to partition a big box into 10 small boxes which were 58 cm long and 28 cm wide.
(3.2) Lay the soil: Multiple seeding frames were laid on the concrete ground, and an aisle which was 30 cm wide was left between each two big boxes. Nutrient soil prepared in CAN_DMS \101699496\3 advance was loaded into the seeding frames as seedling bed soil, which was smoothed with a wooden rule along the upper mouth.
4. Treat seeds.
The sown variety grew under appropriate conditions, and the thousand seed weight was about 3.8 g.
The seed-treating agent included the following compositions: indolebutyric acid, uniconazole, ammonium molybdate, iron vitriol, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate, the compositions were prepared into a solution with water, and the composition of each liter of the treating agent solution was: 0.2 g of indolebutyric acid, 6 g of 5% uniconazole, 215 mg of ammonium molybdate, 117 mg of iron vitriol, 234 mg of magnesium sulfate, 0.8 mg of boric acid, 1.6 mg of zinc sulfate, 1.6 mg of manganese sulfate, and the rest was water.
The method for treating the seeds was: adding 2.3 ml of the solution to each 100 g of the seeds, which were put into a plastic bottle and fully stirred, and the seeds were sown after drying.
5. Sowing.
The average diameter of the seeds of the sown variety was about 2 mm, and the seeding density was 1000 grains every small box.
Two seeding structures, i.e., A and B, were machined by using a PVC material:
the A
structure was 28 cm wide and 2 mm thick. After a plane 6 of 5 mm was left on a side of the A structure, the sowing area in the middle was machined to a wave shape as shown in FIG.
3, the number of the trough 3 was 20, which were evenly distributed, the troughs 3 were 57 cm long, and a vertical distance between the crest 4 and the trough 3 was 1 cm. 50 seeding holes 5 were evenly machined in each trough 3, and the diameter of the seeding holes was 2.8 cm. Seed containing pools 2 which were 27 cm wide and 10 cm long were machined respectively on front and rear sides of the sowing area. An outer side of the seed containing pool 2 on one end was machined with a handle 1 which was 3 cm wide.
The B structure was 5 mm thick, the inner mouth was 28 cm wide, and the length of CAN_DMS \101699496\3 the inner mount was the length of the A structure minus the length of the handle 11. Fixed vertical edges 7 were made around the B structure, to make the B structure form a box shape, the vertical edges 7 were 5 cm high, on one end, and an opening 10 of 1 cm was left between the lower portion of the vertical edges 7 and the bottom plate of the B structure, to allow A to be just inserted therein. When the A structure was placed in the B
structure, positions in the B structure which corresponded to the seeding holes 5 of the A plate were provided with seed-passing holes 8, the seed-passing holes 8 one-to-one corresponded to the seeding holes 5 and deviated about half a pitch from one side than the seeding holes 5, and the diameter of the seed-passing holes 8 was 3.5 mm. The position in the B
structure which corresponded to the seed containing pool 2 of the A structure was provided with an upper cover plate 9, to prevent the seeds from jumping out during sieving.
The A structure was inserted into the B structure to form a complete seeding apparatus, and at this point, the seeding holes 5 of the A structure were covered by imporous positions on the bottom plate of the B structure, so that the seeds cannot pass through the seeding holes 5. A certain amount of seeds were placed in the seed containing pool 2, by shaking the seeding apparatus, the seeds fell into the seeding holes 5 of the A
structure, and then excessive seeds were moved to the seed containing pool 2 on any end. The seeding apparatus was placed on the bed soil, and the A structure was drawn half a pitch to one side relative to the B structure, to make the seeding holes 5 completely coincide with the positions of the seed-passing holes 8, so that the seeds in the seeding holes 5 passed through the seed-passing holes 8 and fell into the bed soil.
The seeding apparatus was moved away, an appropriate amount of bed soil was spread to cover the seeds, water was sprayed to wet the seedling soil, the water flow should be mist-like, to prevent that the water flow was too large and washed the seeds away, so as to complete the seeding process.
6. Cover. After the sowing, a layer of non-woven fabric was covered on the bed soil for preserving the temperature and humidity, and the germination speed and the germination rate were improved. The covering was removed after the cotyledon was flattened. Before the two-leaf stage, the seedlings should be protected by covering with plastic films in case CAN_DMS: \101699496\3 of moderate-to-heavy rain, to prevent rain from rushing the seedlings. After the rain stopped, the covering should be removed at any time, to prevent sealing of the seedlings.
7. Manage water.
A waterproof dam was set up around the seedling-raising field, the dam was 1 cm high, shallow water was put in, and the water was drained after the bed soil was drenched. If the water in a low-lying region was not thoroughly drained, several small holes were pricked on the laid plastic film in corresponding places to let the water seep into the subsoil. After the surface of the bed soil became white, water was put in once again.
The rooting water should be complemented the day before transplanting of the seedlings, with the purpose of increasing the soil quantity of the root during transplanting and improving the survival rate and the survival speed of the seedlings.
8. Manage the fertilizer. The fertilizer should be supplemented when yellow leaves fell, and N-fertilizer, P-fertilizer and K-fertilizer were applied evenly. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied one week before transplanting, with the purpose of enabling the fertilizer efficiency to catch up timely after the seedlings were transplanted to the large field, to speed up the standing speed.
9. Transplant. Seedlings can be picked for transplanting when 3-5 main leaves were grown from the seedlings.
The above descriptions are example embodiments of the present invention, which do not make any formal limitations to the present invention. Claims should be given the broadest interpretation consistent with the description as a whole. Any simple modification, equivalent replacement and improvement and the like made by a person skilled in the art according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention should still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
CAN_DMS. \101699496\3

Claims (8)

What is claimed is:

1. A method for cultivating rape seedlings, comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a seedling-raising field: it is possible to select a flat concrete court, a flat clay land or artificial greenhouse, when the flat concrete court or flat clay land is selected, it is necessary to spread a layer of a thin-film material on the ground, and the thin-film material plays a supporting role in forming a one-piece seedling block;
(2) preparing bed soil: the soil of bed soil is derived from parcel of rice fields whose previous crops are different crops, the soil is sieved, fertilizer and plant fiber are stirred in the soil, to be blended, and the bed soil is sterilized;
(3) laying the bed soil: seedlings are raised by a seeding tray or frame;
(4) treating seeds: seeds are dressed by using a seed-treating agent, sufficient stirring is required, to make the solution evenly distributed on the seeds, and sowing can be carried out after the dressed seeds are dried;
(5) sowing: uniform sowing is carried out according to required sowing quantity;
(6) managing water: sowing is carried out in the case of enough moisture, the seeds are covered in the case of optimum moisture, the moisture is kept by folding the tray, humidity is kept by covering, and water is controlled by uncovering;
(7) managing the fertilizer: the fertilizer should be supplemented when yellow leaves fall, N-fertilizer, P-fertilizer and K-fertilizer are applied evenly, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied one week before transplanting; and (8) transplanting: seedlings can be picked for transplanting when 3-5 main leaves are grown from the seedlings.

2. The method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer is 0.3 g to 0.8 g of pure nitrogen, 0.2 g to 0.5 g of phosphorus pentoxide fertilizer and potassium oxide fertilizer, 0.02 g to 0.04 g of borax and 5 g to 25 g of rotten organic fertilizer as well as 2.5 g to 10 g of straw fibers from different crops stirred in each liter of bed soil and blended; the length of the plant fiber is 10 mm to 30 mm, and the diameter is 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm.

3. The method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 1, wherein, when the seedlings are raised by a seeding tray for laying the bed soil, the bottom of the seeding tray is provided with several small holes, to facilitate excessive water in the seeding tray to be discharged; and a durable thin-film material is laid in the bottom of the seeding tray, the length of the thin-film material is slightly longer than that of the seeding tray, there are still a small amount of thin film remaining outside on two ends after the bed soil is put in the seeding tray, and the width is slightly less than that of the seeding tray.

4. The method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 1, wherein, when the seedlings are raised by a frame for laying the bed soil, a frame structure is built with solid materials, light and thin materials are used in the frame structure as a clapboard which is divided into small boxes, and the clapboard contacts the ground, to make the bed soil in adjacent small boxes separated from each other, so that seedling blocks independent of each other are cultivated in each small box.

5. The method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the seed-treating agent comprises the following compositions: indolebutyric acid, uniconazole, ammonium molybdate, iron vitriol, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate, the compositions are prepared into a solution with water, and the composition of each liter of the treating agent solution is: 0.2 g of indolebutyric acid, 6 g of 5%
uniconazole, 215 mg of ammonium molybdate, 117 mg of iron vitriol, 234 mg of magnesium sulfate, 0.8 mg of boric acid, 1.6 mg of zinc sulfate, 1.6 mg of manganese sulfate, and the rest is water; 100g of the seeds are stirred with 1 ml to 8 ml of the treating agent and then sowed after drying, or the compositions with corresponding dosage are taken out to treat the seeds with another method.

6. The method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 1, wherein a seeding apparatus used during sowing consists of two structures, i.e., A and B, the A
structure may be placed in the B structure and can move in the B structure; the middle of the A structure is a sowing area, two ends of the sowing area are seed containing pools respectively, and one end of the A structure extends outwards, to form a handle; a cross section of the sowing area of the A structure is a wave shape, a bottom end of a waved trough is provided with several seeding holes, when the A plate is placed in the B structure, positions in the B
structure which correspond to the seeding holes of the A structure are provided with seed-passing holes, the seed-passing holes one-to-one correspond to the seeding holes and deviate about half a pitch from one side than the seeding holes, and the size of the seed-passing holes is greater than that of the seeding holes; in use, the A
structure is inserted into the B structure, to form a complete seeding apparatus, and at this point, the seeding holes of the A structure should be covered by imporous positions of the B structure;
a certain amount of seeds are placed in the seed containing pool of the A
structure, by shaking the seeding apparatus, the seeds fall into the seeding holes of the A
structure, and then excessive seeds are moved into the seed containing pool on any side; the seeding apparatus is placed on the bed soil, the A structure is drawn half a pitch to one side relative to the B structure, to make the seeding holes completely coincide with the positions of the seed-passing holes, the seeds in the seeding holes pass through the seed-passing holes and fall into the bed soil, and the seeding apparatus is moved away, so as to complete the seeding process.

7. The method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 7, wherein, in order to increase seeding efficiency and enable the seeds to fall into the seeding holes more rapidly and easily, the A structure is designed to be waved, and the seeding holes are machined at troughs.

8. The method for cultivating seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the managing water when the seedlings are raised by a seeding tray comprises:
sowing is carried out in the case of enough moisture: after the bed soil is ready, the bed soil is watered to a saturated state with fine and uniform water flows, to ensure that the bed soil can absorb enough moisture; the seeds are covered in the case of optimum moisture: sowing is carried out after the surface of the bed soil has no clear stagnant water, the seeds are covered with the bed soil after sowing, and the soil is 2-6 mm thick;

seed-covering soil needs to be watered less at first, to make water content of the seed-covering soil up to about 40%-50% of the maximum water-holding capacity (which feels wet, forms a clump when hand-gripped, and scatters when loosened); the moisture is kept by folding the tray: the seeding trays after covered with soil are stacked together layer upon layer, and the number of layers is preferably 40-80; the seeding trays are put out when it is seen that about 1/3 of the seeds are little yellow in the seeding trays;
moisture is supplemented by covering: after the seeding trays are put out, water is supplemented where water is in shortage, and then the seeding trays are covered with white non-woven fabrics of 30-50 g/m2; and water is controlled by uncovering: when cotyledon of the seedlings is completely flattened and becomes green, that is, about 36-48 hours after the trays are put out, the non-woven fabrics can be uncovered; afterwards, water supply is controlled properly, as long as wilting does not occur in corners, to promote the root system to be grounded; and moisture can be supplemented less when wilting occurs; and the rooting water should be complemented the day before transplanting of the seedlings, with the purpose of increasing the soil quantity of the root during transplanting and improving the survival rate and the survival speed of the seedlings.