CN108934822A - The cultivation method for matching of beam-connected greenhouse capsicum mechanization production - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a supporting cultivation method for the mechanized production of chili peppers in multi-span greenhouses. After plowing, it is divided into a large and compact base layer and a small and soft growth layer from bottom to top; use a ridging machine to ridge along the direction of the greenhouse; use a multi-functional film laminating machine to complete the laying of drip irrigation belts and plastic film at one time Work; use a fully automatic or semi-automatic transplanting machine to transplant and plant pepper seedlings with a seedling age of 45 to 50 days, a plant height of 15 to 18 cm, and 6 to 8 true leaves, and transplant and plant the pepper seedlings on the growth layer Medium and its cotyledons are flush with the ground. The method avoids soil compaction or artificial compaction through mechanized cultivation of capsicum, so that the root system can obtain normal and effective respiration, which is beneficial to absorb nutrients, and also solves the problems of high labor intensity, large amount of labor and increasing production cost of artificially cultivated capsicum.

Description

Matching Cultivation Method for Pepper Mechanized Production in Multi-span Greenhouses

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of capsicum planting, in particular to a supporting cultivation method for mechanized production of capsicum in multi-span greenhouses.

Background technique

Capsicum is an important vegetable crop. With the rapid development of facility agriculture in recent years, the cultivation and production of capsicum has developed rapidly in early spring and late in autumn, and occupies an important position in high-efficiency agriculture. Capsicum is a shallow-rooted plant with weak root development, high degree of suberization, poor regeneration ability, small root mass, and adventitious roots are not easy to occur at the base of the stem. The root system of pepper is not as developed as tomato, eggplant, etc., let alone adventitious roots like tomato. The transplanted peppers are cut off from the main root, the depth is generally 25-30 cm, and the root system is mainly distributed in the 5-20 cm soil layer. The root system of pepper is not drought-tolerant, but also afraid of waterlogging, and has strict requirements on oxygen. At present, the degree of mechanization of chilli production in facilities is relatively low. During the production process, plowing, pipe laying, film covering, transplanting, fertilization and other links are mainly manual, which not only easily causes soil compaction or artificial compaction, but also makes the root system of pepper unable to grow. Normal breathing, and the labor intensity is high, the labor load is large, and the production cost increases year by year.

In summary, a cultivation technique that is conducive to large-scale planting of pepper and ensures fertile and soft soil that is conducive to root respiration of pepper needs to be developed urgently.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned shortcoming of prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method, to solve soil compaction or artificial compaction, the problem that capsicum root system can't breathe normally;

The purpose of the invention is also to provide a cultivation method to solve the problems of high labor intensity, large amount of labor and increasing production cost year by year.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose and other related purposes, the present invention provides and comprises capsicum seed preparation, seedling-raising matrix preparation and cultivation capsicum seedling, also comprises the following steps:

Preparation for ridging: Use a fertilizer applicator to spread organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer before plowing the land; when the soil moisture content is about 30-40%, use a tractor to wear a mould-type pear and a subsoiler to complete the link of soil subsoiling and plowing. The tillage depth is greater than 20cm. After subsoiling and plowing, use a rotary tiller to keep the depth of rotary tillage at 12-15cm. The soil must go through at least 2 times of rotary tillage. The base layer with large and firm particles and the growth layer with small and soft particles.

Cultivated land ridges: Use a ridge machine to ridge along the direction of the greenhouse. The ridge height is 20-25cm, the ridge top width is 75-80cm, the ridge bottom width is 100-110cm, and the ditch width is 40-45cm. Keep the furrows parallel;

Pipe laying and film covering: use a multi-functional film covering machine to complete the work of laying drip irrigation belts and film at one time;

Transplanting and planting: 1 day before transplanting, the pepper seedlings should be properly watered, and the pepper seedlings with a seedling age of 45-50 days, a plant height of 15-18cm, and 6-8 true leaves should be watered with a fully automatic or semi-automatic transplanting machine. Transplanting and planting, adjusting the transplanting row spacing, plant spacing and planting depth, transplanting and planting the pepper seedlings in the growth layer and making their cotyledons flush with the ground.

Preferably, pepper seed preparation: choose pepper seeds that are resistant to low temperature and low light, have high early yield, good disease resistance, and strong stress resistance, soak them in warm water at 50-55°C for 5 hours, and then put them in 500 times more than 50%. Sterilize in the fungal solution for 0.5-1 hour, rinse with clean water after taking it out, and germinate at 25-30°C, and start sowing when the pepper seeds are white.

Preferably, the ridge height is 20-25 cm, the ridge top width is 75-80 cm, the ridge bottom width is 100-110 cm, and the furrow width is 40-45 cm; the rotary tillage and ridging are completed using a rotary tillage and ridging integrated machine.

Preferably, seedling substrate preparation: mix peat: vermiculite: perlite in a mass ratio of 6:3:1 to 9:3:1 as the basic substrate, and add 1.5 to 2 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per cubic meter of basic substrate At the same time, add 250-300g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for disinfection, add appropriate amount of water to adjust the water content to 55%-65% when stirring, and then cover and seal with plastic film for 2-3 days to form a seedling substrate.

Preferably, to cultivate pepper seedlings: put the seedling-growing substrate into the hole tray, the hole tray has 72 holes, keep the seedling-raising substrate uniform, loose, and cannot be compacted or hollow, sow 1 to 2 pepper seeds in each hole, and the buds grow toward the Place them all in the center of the hole, cover the top with 1-1.5cm seedling substrate, control the temperature of the cultivation environment, 25-30°C during the day, 18-22°C at night, and 70%-80% humidity; after the pepper seedlings are fully grown, When the weather is good, spray water thoroughly, and at the same time pour 1000-1200 times the concentration of fertilizer and water once a week. The fertilizer should be potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Puleshou or Aikeshou; after the pepper seedlings grow 2 true leaves, control watering Water, just spray a small amount of water to wet the substrate in the plug tray after it dries; if excessive growth occurs, treat it with chlormequat at a concentration of 25-30 mg/kg.

Preferably, the organic fertilizer usage is 2.5 to 3 tons/mu, the compound fertilizer usage is 50 to 60 kg/mu, and the compound fertilizer uses nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer; the fertilizer applicator uses disc fertilization machine; when fertilizing, the fertilizer applicator spreads along the middle position of a span of each greenhouse.

Preferably, the drip irrigation tape is placed under the mulch.

Preferably, the drip irrigation belt in the pipe laying and film covering adopts the flank labyrinth drip irrigation belt, the distance between the drippers of the drip irrigation belt is 20-30cm, and the flow rate is 2-3L/h; the plastic film adopts 2 silk silver and black two-color plastic film.

Preferably, when transplanting and planting, two rows of pepper seedlings are planted on each ridge, the row spacing is 20-30cm, the row spacing is 30-35cm, and 3500-3800 plants are planted per mu. It is in the 6-8cm of the growth layer.

Preferably, it also includes field management: after the pepper seedlings are planted, the early stage is mainly to keep warm and slow down the seedlings. After the pepper seedlings survive, the temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at 26-30°C during the day, 16-18°C at night, and the humidity is maintained at 75-80°C. %, when the pepper is sitting and enters the fruiting period, then strengthen the supply of water and fertilizer, and topdress 800-1000 times the water-soluble fertilizer of Ai Ke through the drip irrigation belt every 7-10 days, with a flow rate of 2.5-3L/h, and use an electric sprayer at the same time to give water Spray 0.5% foliar fertilizer on the leaves to prevent falling flowers and fruits; when the peppers are sitting firmly, the pepper leaves and side branches below the peppers can be removed one after another.

As mentioned above, the supporting cultivation method of pepper mechanized production in multi-span greenhouses of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The present invention adopts plug seedlings to benefit the quality and survival rate of pepper seedlings, provides a basis for the scale and industrial development of peppers, and is also conducive to promoting the growth of pepper roots. A well-developed root system is conducive to better breathing when peppers grow , which is conducive to better survival after transplanting, and improves lodging resistance and resistance to diseases and insect pests;

2. The present invention applies fertilizer before subsoiling and plowing, which is beneficial to the deep mixing of fertilizer and soil; maintaining a suitable proportion of fertilizer improves the effective fertility of the soil and reduces the number of times of fertilization during the growth period;

3. The mechanized subsoiling plowing of the present invention plays the role of deeply turning the soil, loosening soil, mixing soil, and crushing the soil. Under the conditions of suitable depth and humidity, the subsoiling plowing is carried out and rotary plowing is carried out to remove the soil from the bottom. According to the degree of fineness, it is divided into the base layer and the growth layer. Adjust the ratio of water, gas, heat and fertilizer in the soil, enhance the oxygen flow capacity of the soil, eliminate weeds, prevent pests and diseases, and create a soil environment suitable for the growth of peppers, thereby increasing the yield of peppers; The soil particles in the growth layer are relatively large and compact, which is good for moisture retention and heat preservation, and reduces the penetration rate of airflow to the ground. The soil in the growth layer is relatively fine, which is conducive to the growth and respiration of pepper roots in it, and manual operation cannot guarantee that it can accurately integrate a suitable soil structure. and inefficient;

4. The present invention adopts mechanized ridging to reduce the secondary damage to the formed soil structure, and proportional ridging is conducive to maintaining the soil structure, and ensures that the root system of the corresponding number of peppers can effectively breathe and grow in the soil ;

5. The present invention adopts a multi-functional laminating machine to complete the laying of the drip irrigation belt and the plastic film at one time, reducing the secondary damage to the soil caused by manual operations or separate operations, ensuring the demand for temperature, humidity and oxygen for the growth of peppers, and effectively controlling the growth of weeds , reduce pests and diseases, save water and fertilizer, and reduce the gap between the drip irrigation belt and the plastic film at one time to avoid focal burns on the drip irrigation belt;

6. The present invention adopts the drip irrigation method under the film, and the drippers correspond to the pepper seedlings one by one. The drippers evenly and slowly supply water to the root soil layer, which has a significant effect on the maintenance and recovery of the ground temperature and the reduction of water evaporation, and ensures that most of the peppers around Keep the soil surface dry, which is good for the pepper root system to get enough oxygen;

7. The present invention adopts the turbulent outlet water outlet of the labyrinth drip irrigation belt, which has strong anti-blocking ability;

8. The present invention adopts silver-black two-color mulch film with appropriate thickness to promote photosynthetic coloring at the base of pepper roots; the strong reflection effect of the silver surface can effectively reduce the ground temperature during the day, and it can reduce the ground temperature by 5-7°C compared with ordinary mulch films during midsummer, and the silver surface can also reduce the ground temperature. Strongly reflect ultraviolet rays, can effectively avoid winged aphids, thrips and other pests, reduce the damage of diseases and insect pests, effectively inhibit the growth of weeds, can reduce manual operations such as weeding, spraying, irrigation, and greatly reduce production costs; It can block the heat dissipation of the ground and effectively keep warm;

9. The present invention adopts pepper seedlings of a certain seedling age to transplant, and the root system is relatively developed, which is conducive to the later growth of pepper; the use of mechanized transplanting ensures the planting depth and uniformity of pepper seedlings during transplantation, and ensures the entire growth period of pepper Both grow in the growth layer, which is conducive to the growth of pepper roots in a suitable soil layer to breathe and absorb nutrients, and is also conducive to improving lodging resistance, thereby increasing the survival rate of pepper seedlings;

10. After the present invention is transplanted, corresponding field management is carried out to meet the temperature and humidity requirements of capsicum and to ensure the normal respiration of the root system;

11. The present invention adopts mechanized plowing, ridge formation, pipe laying and film covering, transplanting, and fertilization, without the need for intertillage loosening of the soil, liberating manpower, reducing secondary damage to the soil, improving production efficiency, and eliminating the need for large amounts of watering Small soil compaction is conducive to the respiration and nutrient absorption of pepper roots.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of pepper ridge planting of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The implementation of the present invention will be illustrated by specific specific examples below, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.

Please refer to Figure 1. The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the content disclosed in the specification, for those who are familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the implementation of the present invention Therefore, it has no technical substantive meaning. Any modification of structure, change of proportional relationship or adjustment of size shall still fall within the scope of this invention without affecting the effect and purpose of the present invention. within the scope covered by the technical content disclosed by the invention. At the same time, terms such as "upper" and "lower" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. Substantial changes in technical content should also be regarded as the scope of implementation of the present invention.

The selected equipment is:

1. Disc type fertilizer applicator: The applicant independently developed the disc type fertilizer applicator JS-SFJ001;

2. Tractor: Yantuo Greenhouse King four-wheel tractor TY2100T;

3. Common pear, subsoiler: L-220A double plow, 1SZL-250 subsoiler;

4. Rotary tiller: JT-GMR150A rotary tiller;

5. Ridder machine: 3TG-6 multifunctional ridger;

6. Multifunctional laminating machine: 3TG-6 multifunctional laminating machine;

7. Drip irrigation belt: 1750 flank labyrinth drip irrigation belt from Shanghai Huawei Water Saving Irrigation Co., Ltd.;

8. Mulch film: 2 silk silver and black two-color mulch film specially used for greenhouse cultivation;

9. Transplanting machine: Kubota small ride-on semi-automatic vegetable transplanting machine KP-201CR.

A kind of capsicum mechanized production technology mode supporting cultivation method, comprising,

Pepper seed preparation: choose pepper seeds that are resistant to low temperature and low light, have high early yield, good disease resistance, and strong stress resistance, soak them in warm water at 50-55°C for 5 hours, and then add 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution Sterilize in medium for 0.5-1 hour, remove and rinse with clean water, accelerate germination at 25-30°C, and start sowing when the pepper seeds are white; the selected pepper fruit is lantern-shaped, green, and smooth, with an average single fruit weight of 45-55g , fruit length 12-15cm, fruit shoulder width 4.5-5cm, flesh thickness 0.25-0.30cm, slightly spicy taste, good quality;

Seedling substrate preparation: mix peat: vermiculite: perlite in a mass ratio of 6:3:1 to 9:3:1 as the basic substrate, add 1.5 to 2 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per cubic meter of basic substrate, and at the same time Add 250-300g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for disinfection, add appropriate amount of water to adjust the water content to 55%-65% when stirring, and then cover and seal with plastic film for 2-3 days to form a seedling substrate;

Cultivate pepper seedlings: Put the seedling substrate into the hole tray, the hole tray has 72 holes, keep the seedling substrate uniform, loose, not compacted or hollow, sow 1 to 2 pepper seeds in each hole, the seed buds are downward and uniform Place it in the center of the hole, cover it with 1-1.5cm seedling substrate, and control the temperature of the cultivation environment, 25-30°C during the day, 18-22°C at night, and 70%-80% humidity; after the pepper seedlings are fully grown, the weather is good Spray water thoroughly under certain circumstances, and at the same time pour 1000-1200 times the concentration of fertilizer and water once a week. The fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Puleshou or Aikeshou; after the pepper seedlings grow 2 true leaves, start to control watering. After the substrate in the plate is dry, it can be sprayed and wetted with a small amount; if there is excessive growth, treat it with chlormequat at a concentration of 25-30mg/kg;

Ridging preparation: Use a disc fertilizer applicator to spread organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer before plowing the land. The amount of organic fertilizer is 2.5-3 tons/mu, and the compound fertilizer is 50-60kg/mu of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer; When fertilizing, in order to spread the fertilizer evenly for convenience, the fertilizer applicator spreads along the middle position of a span (the width of each greenhouse is called a collapse, a span is generally 8 meters, and the middle position is at the position of four meters); in the soil When the water content is about 30-40%, use a tractor to wear a pear pear and a subsoiler to complete the soil subsoiling plowing link. The plowing depth of the subsoiling plow is greater than 20cm. After the subsoiling plowing, use a tractor to wear a rotary tiller. The depth of rotary tillage is kept at 12-15cm, and the soil has to be rotary tilled at least twice. After deep loosening and rotary tillage, the soil is divided from bottom to top into a base layer with large particles and compactness, and a growth layer with small particles and softness.

Cultivated land ridge: As shown in Figure 1, use a ridge machine to ridge along the direction of the greenhouse. The ridges and furrows on both sides are kept parallel; among them, the rotary tillage and ridging can also be completed at the same time by using the Greenhouse King tractor wearing the 1GVF-120 rotary tillage and ridging machine integrated machine, and the ridges are raised at the same time during the rotary tillage, and the depth of the rotary tillage is kept at 12~ 15cm, will not damage the structure of the soil due to ridging;

Pipe laying and film covering: use a multi-functional film laminating machine to complete the work of laying drip irrigation tape and plastic film at one time, and use the under-film drip irrigation method to place the drip irrigation tape under the plastic film; the drip irrigation tape in pipe laying and film covering adopts side labyrinth drip irrigation The distance between drippers and drip irrigation belts is 20-30cm, and the flow rate is 2-3L/h; the mulch film adopts 2 silver-black two-color mulch film;

Transplanting and planting: transplant and plant pepper seedlings with a seedling age of 45-50 days, a plant height of 15-18cm, and 6-8 true leaves. One day before transplanting, the pepper seedlings need to be properly watered, using automatic or semi-automatic The transplanting machine performs transplanting and planting operations, adjusts the transplanting row spacing, plant spacing and planting depth, transplants and plants the pepper seedlings in the growth layer and its cotyledons are flush with the ground, keeping the root system of the pepper seedlings at 6-8cm of the growth layer Medium; there is a height sensor at the bottom of the transplanting machine, which determines the height of the pepper seedlings by sensing the height of the plastic film to ensure that all pepper roots grow at a suitable depth, which is difficult to guarantee by manual operation; two rows of pepper seedlings are planted on each ridge, and the distance between plants is 20 ~30cm, the row spacing is 30~35cm, 3500~3800 plants are planted per mu, and the drippers correspond to the pepper seedlings one by one.

Field management: After the pepper seedlings are planted, the early stage is mainly to keep warm and slow down the seedlings. After the pepper seedlings survive, the temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at 26-30°C during the day, 16-18°C at night, and the humidity is maintained at 75-80%. After sitting down, enter the fruiting period and then strengthen the water and fertilizer supply. Topdress 800-1000 times of Ai Keshou water-soluble fertilizer every 7-10 days through the drip irrigation belt or furrow. The flow rate of the drip irrigation belt is 2.5-3L/h. If the soil is relatively dry, pass Water and fertilize the furrows, and the watering height should not exceed 2/3 of the height of the furrows. At the same time, use an electric sprayer to spray 0.5% foliar fertilizer on the leaves to prevent falling flowers and fruits; Pepper leaves and side branches are removed one after another.

1. Variety selection: The selected variety is the first-generation early-maturing bell pepper hybrid developed by the Vegetable Research Institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The fruit is lantern-shaped, green, smooth, with an average fruit weight of 55 grams, fruit length of 12 cm, fruit shoulder width of 4.8 cm, and flesh thickness of 0.30 cm. It has a slightly spicy taste and good quality. Low temperature and low light resistance, high early yield, good disease resistance, and strong stress resistance.

2. Cultivation of strong seedlings: Drying seeds two days before sowing can effectively increase the germination rate of seeds. Before sowing, soak the pepper seeds in warm water at 55°C for 5 hours, then put them in 500 times 50% carbendazim solution for disinfection for 0.5 hours, take them out and rinse them with clean water. Afterwards, germinate at 25-30°C, and start sowing when the pepper seeds are white. Use high-quality commercial seedling substrate, mix evenly according to the ratio of peat: vermiculite: perlite = 6:3:1, add 1.5-2kg of NPK compound fertilizer per cubic meter of substrate, and add more than 50% per cubic meter of substrate Bacillus wettable powder 250g for disinfection. When stirring, add an appropriate amount of water to adjust the water content to 55% to 65%, that is, it is advisable to hold it in a ball but no water dripping, and it is suitable for falling on the ground. Cover and seal the prepared seedling substrate with a plastic film, and it can be used after 2 days. Use a tray with 72 holes as a container, put the mixed matrix into the tray, try to keep the matrix uniform, loose, neither compacted nor hollow. Sow 1-2 pepper seeds in each hole, place the seed buds downward and place them in the center of the hole, and cover with about 1cm of substrate. When peppers are sown, it is in the high temperature and rainy season. The temperature in the facility is controlled, 25-30°C during the day, 18-22°C at night, and the humidity is preferably 70%-80%. After the seedlings have emerged, they can be sprayed with water when the weather is good to ensure the normal growth of the seedlings. Combined with spraying water to pour fertilizer and water once a week, you can choose high-quality fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Puleshou, and Aikeshou, and the concentration is preferably 1000 to 1200 times. After 2 true leaves, control the watering to prevent the seedlings from growing excessively and cultivate strong seedlings. If the plug seedlings appear leggy, they can be treated with chlormequat, and the concentration is preferably 25-30 mg/kg.

3. Cultivated land ridging: Use a fertilizer applicator to spread organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer before turning the land. The amount used is 2.5 tons/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50kg/mu of NPK compound fertilizer. The maximum spreading width of the disc fertilizer applicator can reach 5 meters, which can ensure uniform fertilization on both sides; when the soil moisture content is about 30-40%, use the Greenhouse King tractor to wear a pear pear and a subsoiler to complete the soil deep loosening plow In the plowing process, the deep loosening plowing depth is greater than 20 cm; the tractor rotary plowing is used, and the depth is kept at about 15 cm. The cohesive soil needs to go through at least 2 rotary plowing to achieve the degree of soil fineness. After rotary tillage, the surface is flat and the soil is highly fragmented. Ridging operation, along the direction of the greenhouse, the ridge height is 20-25cm, the ridge top width is 75-80cm, the ridge bottom width is 100-110cm, and the furrow width is 40-45cm. The ridge surface is flat and slightly solid, and the ridges on both sides are parallel.

4. Pipe laying and filming, using a multi-functional laminating machine to complete the work of laying drip pipes and plastic film at one time, among which the drip irrigation adopts the 1750 side labyrinth drip irrigation belt of Shanghai Huawei Water-saving Irrigation Co., Ltd., and adopts a special multi-layer interlaced co-extrusion production process , The inner wall is made of new materials, ensuring tight adhesion, and avoiding blasting of similar products due to stress concentration caused by impurities in recycled materials. The distance between drippers is 30cm, and the flow rate is 2.5L/h. The advantage is that it is economical and practical. It has a long labyrinth flow channel and good uniformity. Silver and black two-color mulch can promote photosynthetic coloring at the base of crops; the strong reflective effect of the silver surface can effectively reduce the ground temperature during the day, and can reduce the ground temperature by 5-7°C compared with ordinary mulch during midsummer; while the black surface can block the heat from the ground at night, effectively Heat preservation; the silver surface can also strongly reflect ultraviolet rays, which can effectively avoid winged aphids, thrips and other pests, and reduce the damage of diseases and insect pests; effectively inhibit the growth of weeds, reduce weeding, spraying, irrigation and other manual operations, greatly reducing production costs .

5. Transplanting and planting, it takes 45-50 days for Miaoling to grow, the plant height is about 15-18cm, and it is more suitable for transplanting and planting when there are 6-8 true leaves. The seedlings need to be properly watered 1 day before transplanting to prevent loose lumps from being unfavorable for transplanting. Fully automatic or semi-automatic transplanting machines are used to adjust the row spacing, plant spacing and depth of transplanting. It is more suitable for the cotyledons of the seedlings to be flush with the ground. If the root system is too shallow, it will cause slow seedling growth and weak growth in the later stage. If it is too deep, it will not be conducive to root respiration. Two rows are planted on each ridge, the plant spacing is 20-30cm, the row spacing is 30-35cm, and about 3500 plants are planted per mu.

6. Field management: After the pepper seedlings are planted, keep warm in the early stage to slow down the seedlings. After the seedlings survive, the ventilation in the greenhouse can be strengthened to maintain the temperature within a reasonable range. The temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at 26-30°C during the day and 16-18°C at night. Carry out water and fertilizer management in combination with the growth of peppers. After slowing down the seedlings, it is advisable to lightly topdress the fertilizer and water. The humidity in the greenhouse is relatively high, so the amount of water and fertilizer should be controlled to avoid excessive growth of peppers. In the early stage of growth, it is necessary to promote and control the combination to promote root growth. When the pepper is sitting and enters the fruiting period, then strengthen the water and fertilizer supply, combined with watering, topdressing 1000 times of Aikeshou water-soluble fertilizer every 10 days or so, and spraying 0.5% foliar fertilizer on the leaves to prevent flower and fruit drop. When the peppers are sitting firmly, the pepper leaves and side branches below the peppers can be removed one after another, which can improve the ventilation and light transmission effect of the pepper roots, reduce the temperature and humidity in the field, and effectively prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. Finally, manual harvesting is performed.

The above-mentioned embodiments only illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of cultivation method for matching of beam-connected greenhouse capsicum mechanization production, including pepper seed prepares, seedling medium prepares And cultivate pepper seedling, which is characterized in that further comprising the steps of:

Ridging prepares: spreading fertilizer over the fields organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer using fertilizer applicator before arable land；When soil moisture content is about 30~40%, make Ploughshare formula pears, subsoiler completion soil subsoiling ploughing link are worn with tractor, subsoiling plow tilth is greater than 20cm, subsoiling ploughing Rotary cultivator rotary tillage is used later, and rotary tillage depth is maintained at 12~15cm, and soil will pass through at least 2 rotary tillages, and soil passes through subsoiling Plough and rotary tillage after be divided into the grown layer that particle is big and the basal layer and particle of consolidation are small and soft from the bottom up；

Arable land ridging: ridging, the smooth micro- reality in ridge face, two sides furrow keeping parallelism are moved towards along greenhouse using ridger；

Pipe laying overlay film: the work for being laid with drip irrigation zone and mulch is once completed using multi-functional laminating machine；

Transplant planting: transplanting need to suitably water to pepper seedling for first 1 day, using full-automatic or semi-automatic transplanter to seedling The pepper seedling of age 45~50 days, plant height 15~18cm, 6~8 true leaves carries out transplant planting, adjust transplanting line-spacing, spacing in the rows with And planting depth, by pepper seedling transplant planting in the grown layer and its cotyledon is flushed with ground.

2. the cultivation method for matching of beam-connected greenhouse capsicum mechanization production according to claim 1, which is characterized in that capsicum Seed preparation: tolerance to low temperature and weak light is selected, early yield is high, and disease resistance is good, and the stronger pepper seed of resistance is placed in 50~55 DEG C Soak seed 5h in warm water, places into 0.5~1h of disinfection in 500 times 50% of carbendazol, is rinsed well with clear water 25 after pulling out Vernalization under~30 DEG C of environment, starts to sow until pepper seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.

3. the cultivation method for matching of beam-connected greenhouse capsicum mechanization production according to claim 2, which is characterized in that ridging Highly 20~25cm, ridge 75~80cm of top width, 100~110cm of ridge bottom width, 40~45cm of furrow width；Rotary tillage and ridging use rotary tillage Ridging all-in-one machine is completed.

4. the cultivation method for matching of described in any item beam-connected greenhouse capsicum mechanization productions according to claim 1~3, feature It is, seedling medium prepares: by peat: vermiculite: perlite is uniformly mixed with the mass ratio of 6:3:1~9:3:1 as basic base 1.5~2kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is added in matter, every cubic metre of base matrix, while 50% carbendazol wettable powder 250 is added ~300g carries out disinfection, and when stirring adds water to adjust water content to 55%~65% in right amount, reuse plastic film covering sealing 2~ 3 days, form seedling medium.

5. the cultivation method for matching of beam-connected greenhouse capsicum mechanization production according to claim 4, which is characterized in that cultivate Pepper seedling: seedling medium is fitted into hole tray, and hole tray is 72 holes, keeps seedling medium uniform, loose, cannot be compacted also not Hollow, 1~2 pepper seed of every bunch planting kind can occur, seed bud is downward and is placed in cave center, covers educating for 1~1.5cm above Seedling matrix, controls the temperature of culture environment, 25~30 DEG C of daytime, and 18~22 DEG C of night, humidity 70%~80%；To pepper seedling After all sprouting, rich water that is permeable, while pouring 1 1000 times~1200 times concentration weekly is sprayed in the case that weather is good, fertilizer selects phosphorus Acid dihydride potassium, general happy receipts or Ai Keshou；Pepper seedling starts control watering after growing 2 true leaves, after hole tray mesostroma is dry A small amount of sprinkling is drenched；If there is excessive growth, handled with concentration 25~30mg/kg cycocel.

6. the cultivation method for matching of beam-connected greenhouse capsicum mechanization production according to claim 5, which is characterized in that ridging Organic fertilizer usage amount is 2.5~3 tons/mu when spreading fertilizer over the fields in preceding preparation, and compound fertilizer's usage amount is 50~60kg/ mus, and compound fertilizer uses Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer；Fertilizer applicator uses spinning disc spreader；Fertilizer applicator is spread fertilizer over the fields along the one of each greenhouse across middle position when fertilising.

7. the cultivation method for matching of beam-connected greenhouse capsicum mechanization production according to claim 1 or 6, which is characterized in that The drip irrigation zone is placed under the mulch.

8. the cultivation method for matching of beam-connected greenhouse capsicum mechanization production according to claim 7, which is characterized in that pipe laying Drip irrigation zone uses flank labyrinth drip irrigating belt, water dropper 20~30cm of spacing of drip irrigation zone in overlay film, and flow is 2~3L/h；Mulch is adopted With 2 Si Yinhei bicolor mulching films.

9. the cultivation method for matching of beam-connected greenhouse capsicum mechanization production according to claim 8, which is characterized in that transplanting When field planting, two row of pepper seedling is planted on every ridge, and spacing in the rows is colonized 3500~3800 plants in 20~30cm, 30~35cm of line-spacing per acre, The water dropper and pepper seedling correspond, and pepper seedling root system is kept to be in 6~8cm of grown layer.

10. according to claim 1 or the cultivation method for matching of beam-connected greenhouse capsicum mechanization production described in 9, which is characterized in that Further include field management: after pepper seedling field planting, early period to keep the temperature based on slow seedling, after pepper seedling survives, canopy temperature Maintain 26~30 DEG C daytime, 16~18 DEG C of night, humidity maintains 75~80%, and it is strong again that fruiting period is entered after door green pepper sits Change liquid manure supply, water-soluble fertilizer can be received by imposing 800~1000 times of Chinese mugworts by drip irrigation zone every 7~10d, and flow is 2.5~3L/h, Fruit drop is prevented to the foliar fertilizer of 0.5% concentration of foliage-spray using power spraye simultaneously；After door green pepper is occupied stably, it can incite somebody to action Door green pepper capsicum leaf below and side shoot remove successively.