CN110036852A - A kind of long Chinese yam grows wild the implantation methods of high yield - Google Patents
A kind of long Chinese yam grows wild the implantation methods of high yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN110036852A CN110036852A CN201910345291.0A CN201910345291A CN110036852A CN 110036852 A CN110036852 A CN 110036852A CN 201910345291 A CN201910345291 A CN 201910345291A CN 110036852 A CN110036852 A CN 110036852A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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Abstract
It grows wild the implantation methods of high yield the present invention relates to a kind of long Chinese yam, belongs to agricultural plantation technology field.This method include selection of land site preparation, backing grow wild, dense planting, association concentrated to manage and protect, organic pad lid, the key points control such as shield bud harvesting, bulbil young plant is prepared suitable for interplanting Chinese yam beans in milpa, heavy seeding Chinese yam beans prepare bulbil young plant in the ground of garden, and produce long Chinese yam in infertile mountainous area dense planting Chinese yam young plant and eat stem tuber.This method forms trapezoidal groove using flexible material backing, long Chinese yam underground tuber growth direction has been varied and controlled, realization is grown wild, and is easy to excavate, simultaneously, largely organic pad lid is carried out using pine needle and corn stover, and with corn association, the use of pesticide and herbicide can be substantially reduced, dramatically increase the soil organism, so as to reduce continuous cropping obstacle, application easy to spread.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of long Chinese yam grows wild the implantation methods of high yield.
Background technique
Long Chinese yam is also known as Chinese yam, is a subpopulation of Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita) section Dioscorea Chinese yam kind.
Long Chinese yam is perennial winding liana, and underground has cylindrical meat stem tuber.Its stem tuber is a kind of food, can be also used as medicine, be invigorating the spleen,
Nourishing the stomach, QI invigorating drug.The long Chinese yam in China tradition producing region goes in 150-1500 meters of height above sea level or so of sandy soil, starts in recent years
Northwest, southwest, southeast High aititude mountain area are planted on barren soil.Stem tuber is fleshy hypertrophy, and 2-7 centimetres of diameter, crust dark brown,
There is fibrous root length mostly more than 1 meter.
Traditional long yam planting is to do seedling using Chinese yam young plant.Chinese yam young plant includes the cultivation being bred as with bulbil in the first year
Son, or when harvest Chinese yam eats stem tuber, cut out lower halter young plant, or from the silently young plant under the sanction of Chinese yam stem tuber top, or by Chinese yam
The cross-talk young plant to be formed is truncated in stem tuber, belongs to vegetative propagation.
Traditional long Chinese yam eats stem tuber plantation and is typically chosen the sandy loam that soil depth is more than 1 meter, to dig the biography of zanjon
Based on cultivation technique of uniting.It is at high cost outer in addition to investment threshold is high, such soil be also it is extremely rare, not only cost is in fast
Fast ascendant trend, Yao Shixian scale plantation, overwhelming majority area are almost optional without ground.On the other hand, non-staple food grain producing region, it is special
It is not backward area, stay-at-home women, old man have become the labour for being mainly engaged in planting industry, labour quality and suitable labour
Intensity all decrease sharply, it is also difficult to deep-cut with adapting to traditional Chinese yam and Chinese yam harvesting.
The development of the long Chinese yam of tradition always exists large labor intensity, and especially excavation difficulty is big, high production cost, finished product
The problem of consistency difference；Selection of land condition is harsh, and optional land used is rare, corresponding cost of land height be also restrict development it is important because
Element；Quickly go up in the price of labour power, staple food grain land used is increasingly well sold and in short supply, and market is to the consistency of Chinese yam finished product further harsh
Instantly, how to realize that the low labor intensity of low cost produces long Chinese yam and becomes further important.
Many innovation implantation methods in relation to long Chinese yam, such as the cultivation of holing cultivating, casing, cellar are disclosed in existing literature
Formula cultivation, soilless cultivation, the cultivation of hanging method etc., but these cultivation techniques are limited by certain condition or to soil
Alternative condition limitation is excessive or requires excessively high to facilities and equipment or required seedling-raising technique severe or to labour's element
It is feeding to require sternly, to be not suitable for very much in wide geographic area, especially outlying backward mountainous areas, especially southwest, northwest, the southeast cools and soil
The barren mountain area in ground is widely applied.
Long Chinese yam is the important agricultural product of China's food and medicine consangunity, has " staple food " trend, quickly grows；But the long Chinese yam of tradition
Plantation needs to ditch and deep-cuts harvest, takes a lot of work and easy damaged, suitable habitat are few.More at present is using shallow raw slot directional cultivation
Mode artificially changes the Chinese yam direction of growth, and advantage is can to plant in a large amount of barren soil, the disadvantage is that density is difficult to improve, work
Skill is also not easy to control.Therefore the problem of how overcome the deficiencies in the prior art is current agricultural plantation technology field urgent need to resolve.
Summary of the invention
It grows wild the plantation side of high yield It is an object of the present invention to solve the deficiency of the existing technology and provide a kind of long Chinese yam
The long Chinese yam underground stem tuber Chinese yam seedling direction of growth has been varied and controlled in method, this method, and realization grows wild, is easy to excavate.
To achieve the above object, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of long Chinese yam grows wild the implantation methods of high yield, includes the following steps:
Sunning before New Year's Day current year, is ploughed deeply with sterilization and disinfestation in soil by step (1)；Start to sow in spring current year；By what is dried
Soil carry out rotary tillage, rake it is whole；
Step (2), does trapezoidal groove, bracing wire trench digging, and the distance between ditch heart of two neighboring ditch is 1.1-1.3m, trapezoidal groove
Cross section be in inverted trapezoidal, ditch depth 20-25m, bottom of trench width 18-42cm, the gradient of trapezoidal groove two sides are greater than 45 degree, are less than
90 degree；
Step (3) spreads flexible material in trapezoidal groove, and 8-10cm is turned up by bank in flexible material two sides, and gradient is more than 45
Degree is lower than 90 degree；
Step (4) spreads three or four layers of sterilized corn stover as fermentation bed in trapezoidal groove, and it is therein to spread fine earth filling
The farmyard manure of the decomposed crushing of 4-6cm thickness is spread to smooth in gap above later, then uniformly to sprinkle above one layer of tobacco special
With the mixture of compound fertilizer and phoxim；The fine earth for finally repaving 4-6cm thickness, is made seedbed；
The mu dosage of Special compound fertilizer for tobacco is 40-120kg, and the mu dosage of phoxim is 3% granule 2500-3500g；
Step (5), dibbling multirow Chinese yam beans or Chinese yam young plant, line-spacing 9-11cm in seedbed；Adjacent two Chinese yam beans of every row
The distance between be 9-11cm, the distance between adjacent two Chinese yam young plants of every row are 50-55cm；
Two row maize seed of flexible material dibbling or not dibbling is abutted on the outside of flexible material two；Every row maize seed spacing in the rows is 35-
45cm, the line-spacing between this two rows maize seed are 28-35cm；
Step (6) after point finishes, in the thickness of earthing 8-14cm above, while arranging moisture surface, guarantees moisture surface shoulder breadth 70-75cm, formed
Furrow to guarantee to drain it is unimpeded；The soft pin of 7-9cm thickness is covered in moisture surface；
Step (7), dibbling maize seed, in addition to rejecting the three, four of corn foot leaf leaf, it goes without doing other manages and protects mid-term；
Not dibbling maize seed, a line hole, hole depth 50-60cm, bore dia 10-12cm, adjacent two hole interval are beaten at moisture surface center
8-10 meters, every hole plants the timber of upper 2.7-2.9m, and guarantees a height of 2.0-2.2m of timber aerial part, for drawing in the net for common yam stem
Climing climbing；
Step (8), dibbling maize seed, when harvesting, first removes corn root, then with the surface soil for removing ridge moisture in the soil, holds from side flexible
Material is opened to the other side, and educated crop can all be translated into surface, artificial to pick up；
Not dibbling maize seed, when harvesting, first takes out timber, linked network and tendril is removed, then remove the surface soil of ridge moisture in the soil, from a layback
Firmly flexible material is opened to the other side, and educated crop can all be translated into surface, artificial to pick up.
In step (6), after the soft pin that 7-9cm thickness is covered in moisture surface, arid area irrigates primary hair Miao Shui, south
Side's humidity does not need then to water.
It is further preferred that selecting 2400 meters of height above sea level or less arable layers is more than the soil of 30cm in step (1), it will be native
Ground ploughs deeply 30 centimeters；Southwest China and southeast are mid-February current year to late April, and northwest China is on April current year
It is sowed during the first tenday period of a month in ten days to May.Sowing time of the invention can also carry out adjustment appropriate according to the actual situation.
It is further preferred that selecting weak acid to the soil in weak base section in step (1), sandy loam is preferential；It is viscous to avoid choosing
Clay, sand press against soil；Avoid the soil for selecting microbial flora seriously to be destroyed.
If the undesirable plot of husky earthization, preferably takes " powdery ridge " process.
It is further preferred that corn stover is selectively above and in corn root between knot corn in step (4)
Part.If condition does not allow, complete stool is needed to use, then maize shell is rejected.
It is further preferred that corn stover uses carbendazim sterilization in step (4), meanwhile, it sprays insecticide and disappears
Kill grub, mole cricket and cutworm these subterranean pest-insects.
It is further preferred that Special compound fertilizer for tobacco N-P-K is 15-15-15.
It is further preferred that in step (5), when dibbling, first from ditch heart position longitudinal direction dibbling a line Chinese yam beans or Chinese yam
Young plant, the backward symmetrical dibbling in two sides；When dibbling Chinese yam young plant, to be positioned with the luxuriant of Chinese yam young plant；Luxuriant is damaged but is taken root
2/3rds or more stems is intact, with positioning at 2cm below fracture.
It is further preferred that in step (5), when dibbling Chinese yam young plant, capable arrangement and furrow are tiltedly arranged in 45 degree of angles,
Achieve the purpose that pull open germination point spacing.
It is further preferred that in the insufficient situation of pine needle amount, pine needle is laid on centered on hooking the heart in step (6)
The region 20-25cm of line, remaining region lid control grass film.
It is further preferred that in step (7), not dibbling maize seed, double drops of interval 30-35cm are laid in moisture surface
Fill band.
It is further preferred that step (4) sprinkles one layer of Special compound fertilizer for tobacco and pungent sulphur when dibbling Chinese yam young plant
When the mixture of phosphorus, while general calcium is sprinkled, the mu dosage of general calcium is 30kg；
When dibbling Chinese yam young plant, and when not dibbling maize seed, step (7), Chinese yam expanding stage imposes water-soluble enhanced potash fertilizer again
Once.
Heretofore described Chinese yam seedling includes bulbil young plant (" bean seedlings " that bulbil is cultivated), halter young plant (mountain
" mouthpiece " " silently " that medicine head is reserved seed for planting), cross-talk young plant (big Chinese yam dissection is reserved seed for planting), (" virus infection probability is small for tip young plant
It is more " big Chinese yam apical cap section reserve seed for planting).
Heretofore described flexible material be colour bar cloth or with flexible material similar in colour bar cloth.
In step (4) of the present invention, there is no limit for partial size smashed for farmyard manure, preferably sawdust shape.
In step (5) of the present invention, colour bar cloth, two row corn of dibbling when broadcasting Chinese yam beans are abutted preferably on the outside of colour bar cloth two
Kind；When sowing Chinese yam young plant, not dibbling maize seed.
It in step (7) of the present invention, when sowing Chinese yam young plant, needs to have marked punch position, among preferably two rows, avoids
It causes damages to the seedling sowed.
In step (8) of the present invention, the surface soil for removing ridge moisture in the soil preferably uses three tooth harrows or four tooth harrows.
In step (2) of the present invention, for the heavier more dry soil that desertifies, it is difficult to form inverted trapezoidal groove, can be only formed V-type
Ditch is also within the protection scope of the present invention.When for V-type ditch, when colour bar cloth is difficult to be formed 45 degree with upper hem, step can be first operated
Suddenly (4), then banketed inward by colour bar cloth flanging into 45 degree on the outside of colour bar cloth with upper angle.
The key problem in technology control point of the method for the present invention:
Critical control point one: selection of land site preparation.It can choose the infertile mountainous area (hillside fields that 2400 meters of height above sea level or less arable layers are more than 30cm
Can also be with), the preferable arable land of potato corn growth is just suitable for；PH value may be selected, and in the soil property of 5.5-8.5, (pH value influences
Less)；Sandy soil (avoiding in plantation soil containing finger stone or viscous clay block) is selected as far as possible；It is serious that root-knot nematode is avoided as far as possible
Soil.
Critical control point two: backing grows wild.It is " terraced to turning over the soil after (or stifling) desinsection along natural height difference and being opened along slope
Shape " ditch recycles flexible material to be taped against the inside, forms trapezoidal groove, becomes and limits the control that long Chinese yam grows downwards, to both sides
Condition.
Critical control point three: dense planting is concentrated.By the base fertilizer mainly launched, pad cover material (corn stover and pine needle), water-retaining agent,
The materials such as sterilization drug, in the range of concentrating on above-mentioned trapezoidal groove control (about seven point one to five of farming area/
One), then by seedling (Chinese yam beans or Chinese yam young plant) dense planting to this region.
Critical control point four: association (finely managing and protecting) is made good use of." Chinese yam beans are interplanted in milpa and prepare bulbil young plant
(Chinese yam seedling) " is mainly the cost made good use of " association " and save proping, and resists possible aphid disaster and hail disaster；
" heavy seeding Chinese yam beans preparation bulbil young plant (Chinese yam seedling) in the ground of garden ", and " produce and grow in infertile mountainous area dense planting Chinese yam young plant
Chinese yam eats stem tuber ", key point is to do water-fertilizer integral management and harmless control grass management well to above-mentioned trapezoidal groove region.
Critical control point five: organic pad lid.The mode of above-mentioned three various Chinese yams all uses " corn stover shop fixtures " and " dry and soft
Organic pad lid mode of needle covering "；The main function of " corn stover shop fixtures " is drainage, promotes ground temperature, increases gas permeability and carbon
Source provides the soft channel of Chinese yam knot potato, increases the soil organism；The main function of " soft pin covering " is soil moisture conservation, control grass.
Critical control point six: shield bud harvesting.It either cultivates Chinese yam young plant (small Chinese yam) or produces edible stem tuber (mountain
Medicine), harvesting link not only will avoid fractureing damaging, and also protect bud head, above-mentioned " flexible material backing " provides convenience；It adopts
Time receiving only needs to be removed the surface soil of ridge moisture in the soil with " four tooth harrows ", holds flexible material from side and opens to the other side, size Chinese yam is all
Surface can be translated into come, artificial pick up (can save labor and damage very little).
From the method for the present invention 2016, in Dali, Chuxiong, Kunming, Qujing, Baoding, Langfang, Xinzhou Shanxi,
Linfen, the ground such as Jiujiang, Ruichang have carried out experimental verification in continuous 3 years, and mode is feasible, and economic and technical norms are ideal.2017
2 years 2018, the Wumeng Shan Mountain section high altitude regions being related to emphasis on Dali, Chuxiong, Kunming, Qujing test big
Experiment and data correction are promoted in field, and cultivated area is more than 50,000 mu.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that:
1, trapezoidal groove is formed using flexible material backing, long Chinese yam underground tuber growth direction has been varied and controlled, realized horizontal
It is raw, it is easy to excavate.
2, trapezoidal groove is formed using flexible material backing, by materials collection such as the base fertilizer mainly launched, pad cover material, water-retaining agent
In farming area seven point of 1/1 to five range, realize control water control grass control fertilizer control medicine, reduce cost, improve effect
Rate decreases agriculture face pollution.
3, " cotton-padded mattress " (fermentation bed) is formed using corn stover place mat, plays drainage, temperature raising, soft logical for carbon, construction knot potato
Road, increase organic matter and other effects greatly reduce Chinese yam Abnormal tuber growth ratio.
4, utilization and corn association not only save and give Chinese yam tendril set in brickwork cost, also act as inhibit anthracnose sprawling,
The effect of aphid sprawling, and reduce the effect of hail injury.
5, it covers to form " quilt " using soft pin, play soil moisture conservation (heat preservation, moisturizing, Hu Long) and controls careless function, effect ratio
Mulch is ideal；Meanwhile further increasing the soil content of organic matter.
6, largely carry out organic pad lid using pine needle and corn stover, and with corn association, can substantially reduce pesticide and
The use of herbicide, dramatically increases the soil organism, so as to reduce continuous cropping obstacle.
7, the method for the present invention, which is suitable for interplanting Chinese yam beans in milpa, prepares bulbil young plant, the heavy seeding Chinese yam in the ground of garden
Beans prepare bulbil young plant, and produce long Chinese yam in infertile mountainous area dense planting Chinese yam young plant and eat stem tuber.
8, the present invention can be in 400-600 kilograms of dry granular of Wumeng Shan Mountain section per mu yield conventional corn of soil condition, output
7000-9000 plants of qualified effective Chinese yam young plants, and the corn yield after thin planting is without significantly reducing.
9, the present invention and colour bar cloth is not added and broadcasts Chinese yam beans nursery with not padding traditional garden of corn stover compares, every ten thousand plants of mountains
Medicine young plant (small Chinese yam) can save medium work power 12-15.
10, the present invention and colour bar cloth is not added and broadcasts Chinese yam beans nursery with not padding traditional Chinese yam of corn stover compares, every ten thousand
Strain Chinese yam excavation leads to breakage or fractures to reduce 800-1600 root.
11, the present invention and colour bar cloth is not added and broadcasts Chinese yam beans nursery with not padding traditional Chinese yam of corn stover compares, hundred plants
Bring up again high 500-1500g.
12, the present invention and colour bar cloth is not added and broadcast the production of Chinese yam Chinese yam young plant with not padding traditional Chinese yam of corn stover edible
Stem tuber (big Chinese yam) compares, and every ten thousand plants of Chinese yams can save medium work power 16-22.
13, the present invention and colour bar cloth is not added and broadcast the production of Chinese yam Chinese yam young plant with not padding traditional Chinese yam of corn stover edible
Stem tuber (big Chinese yam) compares, and every ten thousand plants of Chinese yam excavations lead to breakage or fracture to reduce 1500-3000 root.
14, it the present invention and colour bar cloth is not added and broadcast Chinese yam with not padding traditional Chinese yam of corn stover is only producing big Chinese yam ratio
Compared with hundred plant weights improve 10kg-15kg.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is made the schematic diagram of trapezoidal groove by 1 step of the embodiment of the present invention (2)；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that 1 step of the embodiment of the present invention (3) spreads flexible material in trapezoidal groove；Wherein dovetail groove ditch bottom
Dotted line represent flexible material；
Fig. 3 is that 1 step of the embodiment of the present invention (4) spreads three or four layers of sterilized corn stover as fermentation bed in trapezoidal groove
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of dibbling multirow Chinese yam beans or Chinese yam young plant in seedbed of the embodiment of the present invention 1；Multirow Chinese yam beans or mountain
The dibbling of medicine young plant is in water-fertilizer-pesticide concentration zones, wherein the water-drop-shaped at horizon represents Chinese yam beans or Chinese yam young plant.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
It will be understood to those of skill in the art that the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and it should not be regarded as limiting this hair
Bright range.In the examples where no specific technique or condition is specified, described technology or conditions according to the literature in the art
Or it is carried out according to product description.Production firm person is not specified in material therefor or equipment, is that can be obtained by purchase
Conventional products.
Special compound fertilizer for tobacco is purchased from phosphatization fertilizer Co., Ltd in Hubei, but not limited to this.
Water soluble composite fertilizer is purchased from Shandong Nuo Pufeng agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd, but not limited to this.
Water-soluble enhanced potash fertilizer is purchased from Henan red sun Fei Ye Co., Ltd, but not limited to this.
Flexible material used by application example of the present invention is colour bar cloth.
The carbendazim that application example of the present invention uses is carried out for 25% carbendazol wettable powder in product description ratio
Dilution.
Embodiment 1
A kind of long Chinese yam grows wild the implantation methods of high yield, includes the following steps:
Sunning before New Year's Day current year, is ploughed deeply with sterilization and disinfestation in soil by step (1)；Start to sow in spring current year；By what is dried
Soil carry out rotary tillage, rake it is whole；
Step (2), does trapezoidal groove, bracing wire trench digging, and the distance between ditch heart of two neighboring ditch is 1.1-1.3m, trapezoidal groove
Cross section be in inverted trapezoidal, ditch depth 20-22m, bottom of trench width 18-22cm, the gradient of trapezoidal groove two sides are greater than 45 degree, are less than
90 degree；
Step (3) spreads flexible material in trapezoidal groove, and 8-10cm is turned up by bank in flexible material two sides, and gradient is more than 45
Degree is lower than 90 degree；
Step (4) spreads three or four layers of sterilized corn stover as fermentation bed in trapezoidal groove, and it is therein to spread fine earth filling
The farmyard manure of the decomposed crushing of 4-6cm thickness is spread to smooth in gap above later, then uniformly to sprinkle above one layer of tobacco special
With the mixture of compound fertilizer and phoxim；The fine earth for finally repaving 4-6cm thickness, is made seedbed；
The mu dosage of Special compound fertilizer for tobacco is 40kg, and the mu dosage of phoxim is 3% granule 2500-3500g；
Step (5), dibbling multirow Chinese yam beans or Chinese yam young plant, line-spacing 9-11cm in seedbed；Adjacent two Chinese yam beans of every row
The distance between be 9-11cm, the distance between adjacent two Chinese yam young plants of every row are 50-55cm；
Two row maize seed of flexible material dibbling or not dibbling is abutted on the outside of flexible material two；Every row maize seed spacing in the rows is 35-
45cm, the line-spacing between this two rows maize seed are 28-35cm；
Step (6) after point finishes, in the thickness of earthing 8-14cm above, while arranging moisture surface, guarantees moisture surface shoulder breadth 70-75cm, formed
Furrow to guarantee to drain it is unimpeded；The soft pin of 7-9cm thickness is covered in moisture surface；
Step (7), dibbling maize seed, in addition to rejecting the three, four of corn foot leaf leaf, it goes without doing other manages and protects mid-term；
Not dibbling maize seed, a line hole, hole depth 50-60cm, bore dia 10-12cm, adjacent two hole interval are beaten at moisture surface center
8-10 meters, every hole plants the timber of upper 2.7-2.9m, and guarantees a height of 2.0-2.2m of timber aerial part, for drawing in the net for common yam stem
Climing climbing；
Step (8), dibbling maize seed, when harvesting, first removes corn root, then with the surface soil for removing ridge moisture in the soil, holds from side flexible
Material is opened to the other side, and educated crop can all be translated into surface, artificial to pick up；
Not dibbling maize seed, when harvesting, first takes out timber, linked network and tendril is removed, then remove the surface soil of ridge moisture in the soil, from a layback
Firmly flexible material is opened to the other side, and educated crop can all be translated into surface, artificial to pick up.
In step (6), after the soft pin that 7-9cm thickness is covered in moisture surface, arid area irrigates primary hair Miao Shui, south
Side's humidity does not need then to water.
Embodiment 2
A kind of long Chinese yam grows wild the implantation methods of high yield, includes the following steps:
Sunning before New Year's Day current year, is ploughed deeply with sterilization and disinfestation in soil by step (1)；Start to sow in spring current year；By what is dried
Soil carry out rotary tillage, rake it is whole；
Step (2), does trapezoidal groove, bracing wire trench digging, and the distance between ditch heart of two neighboring ditch is 1.1-1.3m, trapezoidal groove
Cross section be in inverted trapezoidal, ditch depth 23-25m, bottom of trench width 38-42cm, the gradient of trapezoidal groove two sides are greater than 45 degree, are less than
90 degree；
Step (3) spreads flexible material in trapezoidal groove, and 8-10cm is turned up by bank in flexible material two sides, and gradient is more than 45
Degree is lower than 90 degree；
Step (4) spreads three or four layers of sterilized corn stover as fermentation bed in trapezoidal groove, and it is therein to spread fine earth filling
The farmyard manure of the decomposed crushing of 4-5cm thickness is spread to smooth in gap above later, then uniformly to sprinkle above one layer of tobacco special
With the mixture of compound fertilizer and phoxim；The fine earth for finally repaving 4-5cm thickness, is made seedbed；
The mu dosage of Special compound fertilizer for tobacco is 40-60kg, and the mu dosage of phoxim is 3% granule 2500-2800g；
Step (5), dibbling multirow Chinese yam beans or Chinese yam young plant, line-spacing 9-11cm in seedbed；Adjacent two Chinese yam beans of every row
The distance between be 9-11cm, the distance between adjacent two Chinese yam young plants of every row are 50-55cm；
Two row maize seed of flexible material dibbling or not dibbling is abutted on the outside of flexible material two；Every row maize seed spacing in the rows is 35-
40cm, the line-spacing between this two rows maize seed are 28-30cm；
Step (6) after point finishes, in the thickness of earthing 8-10cm above, while arranging moisture surface, guarantees moisture surface shoulder breadth 70-72cm, formed
Furrow to guarantee to drain it is unimpeded；The soft pin of 7-8cm thickness is covered in moisture surface；
Step (7), dibbling maize seed, in addition to rejecting the three, four of corn foot leaf leaf, it goes without doing other manages and protects mid-term；
Not dibbling maize seed, a line hole, hole depth 50-55cm, bore dia 10-11cm, adjacent two hole interval are beaten at moisture surface center
8-9 meters, every hole plants the timber of upper 2.7-2.8m, and guarantees a height of 2.0-2.1m of timber aerial part, for drawing in the net for common yam stem
Climing climbing；
Step (8), dibbling maize seed, when harvesting, first removes corn root, then with the surface soil for removing ridge moisture in the soil, holds from side flexible
Material is opened to the other side, and educated crop can all be translated into surface, artificial to pick up；
Not dibbling maize seed, when harvesting, first takes out timber, linked network and tendril is removed, then remove the surface soil of ridge moisture in the soil, from a layback
Firmly flexible material is opened to the other side, and educated crop can all be translated into surface, artificial to pick up.
In step (6), after the soft pin that 7-8cm thickness is covered in moisture surface, arid area irrigates primary hair Miao Shui, south
Side's humidity does not need then to water.
In step (1), selecting 2400 meters of height above sea level or less arable layers is more than the soil of 30cm, and soil is ploughed deeply 30 centimeters；In
State southwest and southeast are mid-February current year to late April, and northwest China is during the first tenday period of a month in early April current year to May
Sowing.Sowing time of the invention can also carry out adjustment appropriate according to the actual situation.Select weak acid to the soil in weak base section, it is husky
Loam is preferential；Avoid the viscous clay of choosing, sand presses against soil；Avoid the soil for selecting microbial flora seriously to be destroyed.If the undesirable ground of husky earthization
Block preferably takes " powdery ridge " process.
In step (4), corn stover is selectively above and in the part between knot corn of corn root.If condition is not
Allow, complete stool is needed to use, then maize shell is rejected.Corn stover uses carbendazim sterilization, meanwhile, it sprays insecticide
Dissipation kills these subterranean pest-insects of grub, mole cricket and cutworm.Special compound fertilizer for tobacco N-P-K is 15-15-15.
In step (5), when dibbling, first from ditch heart position longitudinal direction dibbling a line Chinese yam beans or Chinese yam young plant, backward two sides
Symmetrical dibbling；When dibbling Chinese yam young plant, to be positioned with the luxuriant of Chinese yam young plant；Luxuriant is damaged but 2/3rds or more stem of taking root is complete
Alright, with positioning at 2cm below fracture.When dibbling Chinese yam young plant, capable arrangement and furrow are tiltedly arranged in 45 degree of angles, are reached and are pulled open hair
The purpose of bud point spacing.
In step (6), in the insufficient situation of pine needle amount, pine needle is laid on to the region 20-25cm to hook the heart as center line,
Remaining region lid control grass film.
In step (7), not dibbling maize seed, double drip irrigation zones of interval 30-35cm are laid in moisture surface.
When dibbling Chinese yam young plant, when step (4) sprinkles the mixture of one layer of Special compound fertilizer for tobacco and phoxim, simultaneously
General calcium is sprinkled, the mu dosage of general calcium is 30kg；
When dibbling Chinese yam young plant, and when not dibbling maize seed, step (7), Chinese yam expanding stage imposes water-soluble enhanced potash fertilizer again
Once.
Embodiment 3
A kind of long Chinese yam grows wild the implantation methods of high yield, includes the following steps:
Sunning before New Year's Day current year, is ploughed deeply with sterilization and disinfestation in soil by step (1)；Start to sow in spring current year；By what is dried
Soil carry out rotary tillage, rake it is whole；
Step (2), does trapezoidal groove, bracing wire trench digging, and the distance between ditch heart of two neighboring ditch is 1.1-1.3m, trapezoidal groove
Cross section be in inverted trapezoidal, ditch depth 20-25m, bottom of trench width 25-35cm, the gradient of trapezoidal groove two sides are greater than 45 degree, are less than
90 degree；
Step (3) spreads flexible material in trapezoidal groove, and 8-10cm is turned up by bank in flexible material two sides, and gradient is more than 45
Degree is lower than 90 degree；
Step (4) spreads three or four layers of sterilized corn stover as fermentation bed in trapezoidal groove, and it is therein to spread fine earth filling
The farmyard manure of the decomposed crushing of 5-6cm thickness is spread to smooth in gap above later, then uniformly to sprinkle above one layer of tobacco special
With the mixture of compound fertilizer and phoxim；The fine earth for finally repaving 5-6cm thickness, is made seedbed；
The mu dosage of Special compound fertilizer for tobacco is 100-120kg, and the mu dosage of phoxim is 3% granule 2900-3500g；
Step (5), dibbling multirow Chinese yam beans or Chinese yam young plant, line-spacing 9-11cm in seedbed；Adjacent two Chinese yam beans of every row
The distance between be 9-11cm, the distance between adjacent two Chinese yam young plants of every row are 50-55cm；
Two row maize seed of flexible material dibbling or not dibbling is abutted on the outside of flexible material two；Every row maize seed spacing in the rows is 35-
45cm, the line-spacing between this two rows maize seed are 32-35cm；
Step (6) after point finishes, in the thickness of earthing 12-14cm above, while arranging moisture surface, guarantees moisture surface shoulder breadth 72-75cm, shape
At furrow to guarantee to drain it is unimpeded；The soft pin of 7-9cm thickness is covered in moisture surface；
Step (7), dibbling maize seed, in addition to rejecting the three, four of corn foot leaf leaf, it goes without doing other manages and protects mid-term；
Not dibbling maize seed, a line hole, hole depth 58-60cm, bore dia 11-12cm, adjacent two hole interval are beaten at moisture surface center
9-10 meters, every hole plants the timber of upper 2.8-2.9m, and guarantees a height of 2.1-2.2m of timber aerial part, for drawing in the net for common yam stem
Climing climbing；
Step (8), dibbling maize seed, when harvesting, first removes corn root, then with the surface soil for removing ridge moisture in the soil, holds from side flexible
Material is opened to the other side, and educated crop can all be translated into surface, artificial to pick up；
Not dibbling maize seed, when harvesting, first takes out timber, linked network and tendril is removed, then remove the surface soil of ridge moisture in the soil, from a layback
Firmly flexible material is opened to the other side, and educated crop can all be translated into surface, artificial to pick up.
In step (6), after the soft pin that 8-9cm thickness is covered in moisture surface, arid area irrigates primary hair Miao Shui, south
Side's humidity does not need then to water.
In step (1), selecting 2400 meters of height above sea level or less arable layers is more than the soil of 30cm, and soil is ploughed deeply 30 centimeters；In
State southwest and southeast are mid-February current year to late April, and northwest China is during the first tenday period of a month in early April current year to May
Sowing.Sowing time of the invention can also carry out adjustment appropriate according to the actual situation.Select weak acid to the soil in weak base section, it is husky
Loam is preferential；Avoid the viscous clay of choosing, sand presses against soil；Avoid the soil for selecting microbial flora seriously to be destroyed.If the undesirable ground of husky earthization
Block preferably takes " powdery ridge " process.
In step (4), corn stover is selectively above and in the part between knot corn of corn root.If condition is not
Allow, complete stool is needed to use, then maize shell is rejected.Corn stover uses carbendazim sterilization, meanwhile, it sprays insecticide
Dissipation kills these subterranean pest-insects of grub, mole cricket and cutworm.Special compound fertilizer for tobacco N-P-K is 15-15-15.
In step (5), when dibbling, first from ditch heart position longitudinal direction dibbling a line Chinese yam beans or Chinese yam young plant, backward two sides
Symmetrical dibbling；When dibbling Chinese yam young plant, to be positioned with the luxuriant of Chinese yam young plant；Luxuriant is damaged but 2/3rds or more stem of taking root is complete
Alright, with positioning at 2cm below fracture.When dibbling Chinese yam young plant, capable arrangement and furrow are tiltedly arranged in 45 degree of angles, are reached and are pulled open hair
The purpose of bud point spacing.
In step (6), in the insufficient situation of pine needle amount, pine needle is laid on to the region 20-25cm to hook the heart as center line,
Remaining region lid control grass film.
In step (7), not dibbling maize seed, double drip irrigation zones of interval 30-35cm are laid in moisture surface.
When dibbling Chinese yam young plant, when step (4) sprinkles the mixture of one layer of Special compound fertilizer for tobacco and phoxim, simultaneously
General calcium is sprinkled, the mu dosage of general calcium is 30kg；
When dibbling Chinese yam young plant, and when not dibbling maize seed, step (7), Chinese yam expanding stage imposes water-soluble enhanced potash fertilizer again
Once.
Application example 1
Milpa interplants Chinese yam beans and cultivates " bulbil young plant " (bean seedlings)
Place: Xuanwei of Yunnan Province city, the village Xin Qi, dragon's pool town
Field experiment area: 20 mu
Test plot: high mountain tableland
Specific steps and main economic technical indicator:
1, before New Year's Day in 2018,30 centimeters of sunnings are ploughed deeply into soil, with sterilization and disinfestation；
2, start in mid-April, 2018 to sow (spring drought causes to postpone)；
3, to the soil that dried carry out rotary tillage, rake it is whole；
4, do trapezoidal groove basis: (the ditch heart is to ditch heart 1.1-1.2m) is ditched in bracing wire, " inverted trapezoidal ", the horizon ditch depth 20-22cm(
Below), the control of bottom of trench width is at 18-24cm, 45 degree of ditch two sides or more gradient.It ditches about 520 meters in one mu of arable land.
5, paving flexible material " backing " forms trapezoidal groove: using 40cm wide flexible material (customization), two sides are rolled over by bank
8-10cm is played, gradient is more than 45 degree lower than 90 degree.
6, three or four layers of (about 5-7cm is thick) corn stover are spread in above-mentioned trapezoidal groove forms " cotton-padded mattress " (fermentation bed)；Corn
Stalk be preferably selected up to " maize " this section (whole then needs root to remove " maize shell ")；Corn stover sprinkling to spreading
Carbendazim sterilization.0.07 hectare, which needs to spread, is no less than 12000 corn stovers, and 50-80 kilograms of diluted carbendazim of sprinkling disappears
Venom.
7, it is above-mentioned pave and spread fine earth in sterilized corn stover fill gap therein to smooth.
8, the farmyard manure by decomposed crushing spreads 4-6cm, and uniformly dissipate above one layer " Special compound fertilizer for tobacco " and
Phoxim.Farmyard manure dosage 1-1.4 tons per acre, " Special compound fertilizer for tobacco " (15-15-15) dosage 40-60kg, phoxim is used
Measure 3% granule 2500-3500g.
9, in above-mentioned fertilizer layer upper berth 4-6cm fine earth, become dibbling " made from Chinese yam bulbil " (for doing the Chinese yam beans of kind)
" seedbed ".
10, in the first longitudinal dibbling a line Chinese yam beans (interval 9-11cm) in above-mentioned " seedbed " fine earth layer middle position (the ditch heart),
Again in two row Chinese yam beans of two sides interval 9-11cm dibbling；Guarantee dibbling placed in the middle, guarantees that seeding row spacing is all controlled in 9-11cm；Chinese yam beans
By being trapped into soil layer and (avoid causing to shift when next step earthing).The trapezoidal groove of 500-520m is planted per acre, broadcasts Chinese yam beans
11000-12000.
11, (two sides) abut two row maize seed of flexible material dibbling on the outside of flexible material simultaneously, and two, every pool is (after emergence
Between except only retain a seedling)；Line space of the corn in moisture surface is about 28-35cm, and spacing in the rows is about 35-45cm.Namely control one
Mu ground 2300-2500 plants；Maize seed is by being trapped into soil layer and (avoid causing to shift when next step earthing)；Corn selects anti-as far as possible
Lodge high bar corn variety.
12, after point finishes Chinese yam beans and maize seed, in earthing 8-12cm above, while moisture surface is arranged；Guarantee moisture surface shoulder breadth
70-75cm；The furrow of formation will guarantee to drain unimpeded.
13, in the moisture surface covering 7-9cm soft pin (can appropriate firming fix) arranged；Pine needle is sufficient to be covered comprehensively
Lid；Pine needle is insufficient to concentrate on the center region 20-25cm (other region lid control grass films).
14, conditional, primary hair Miao Shui can be irrigated, early emergence is promoted.
15, mid-term does not almost have to manage and protect；Conditional three or four leaves of corn foot leaf can be rejected (is conducive to corn
Knot fringe is also conducive to the ventilation of Chinese yam tendril).
16, shield bud harvesting: first taking out and (excavate) corn root when harvesting, then the surface soil of ridge moisture in the soil is removed with " four tooth harrows ", from one
Layback is lived flexible material and is opened to the other side, and surface can be translated by educating " bulbil young plant " (small Chinese yam) all, artificial to pick up
?.
The example surveys the main indicator produced are as follows: average 11800 Chinese yam beans of planting density per acre, 920 plants of 30g or less, and 30-
45g1750 plants, 45-65g3220 plants, 65-85g2830 plants, 85-110g2170 plants, 560 plants of 110g or more.The ratio of 45g or more
It is 77%.
Application example 2
Heavy seeding Chinese yam beans prepare " bulbil young plant " (bean seedlings) in the ground of garden
Place: the right tobacco seedling base of Yunnan Yaoan County space
Field experiment area: 30 mu
Experiment plot: paddy field dry farming
Specific steps and main economic technical indicator:
1, before New Year's Day in 2018,30 centimeters of sunnings are ploughed deeply into soil, with sterilization and disinfestation；
2, the first tenday period of a month in May, 2018 start to sow (tobacco seedling later use causes to postpone)；
3, to the soil that dried carry out rotary tillage, rake it is whole；
4, do trapezoidal groove basis: (the ditch heart is to ditch heart 1.2-1.3m) is ditched in bracing wire, " inverted trapezoidal ", the horizon ditch depth 20-22cm(
Below), the control of bottom of trench width is at 38-42cm, 45 degree of ditch two sides or more gradient.It ditches about 540 meters in one mu of arable land.
5, paving flexible material " backing " forms trapezoidal groove: using 60cm wide flexible material (customization), two sides are rolled over by bank
8-10cm is played, gradient is more than 45 degree lower than 90 degree.
6, three or four layers of (about 5-7cm is thick) corn stover are spread in above-mentioned trapezoidal groove forms " cotton-padded mattress " (fermentation bed)；Corn
Stalk be preferably selected up to " maize " this section (whole then needs root to remove " maize shell ")；Corn stover sprinkling to spreading
Carbendazim sterilization.0.07 hectare, which needs to spread, is no less than 15000 corn stovers, and 80-120 kilograms of diluted carbendazim of sprinkling disappears
Venom (5 percent avermectin of addition inhibit root-knot nematode).
7, it is above-mentioned pave and spread fine earth in sterilized corn stover fill gap therein to smooth.
8, the farmyard manure by decomposed crushing spreads 4-6cm, and uniformly dissipate above one layer " Special compound fertilizer for tobacco " and
Phoxim.It is farmyard manure dosage 1.8-2.5 tons per acre, " Special compound fertilizer for tobacco " (15-15-15) dosage 100-120kg, pungent
3% granule 2500-3500g of sulphur phosphorus dosage.
9, in above-mentioned fertilizer layer upper berth 4-6cm fine earth, become dibbling " made from Chinese yam bulbil " (for doing the Chinese yam beans of kind)
" seedbed ".
10, in the first longitudinal dibbling a line Chinese yam beans (interval 9-11cm) in above-mentioned " seedbed " fine earth layer middle position (the ditch heart),
Again in each dibbling a line Chinese yam beans of two sides interval 9-11cm, and in each dibbling a line Chinese yam beans of two sides interval 9-11cm；Namely
5 row of concurrent kind within the scope of trapezoidal groove guarantees dibbling placed in the middle, guarantees that seeding row spacing is all controlled in 9-11cm；Chinese yam beans are by being trapped into
It (avoids causing to shift when next step earthing) in soil layer.The trapezoidal groove of 520-540m is planted per acre, broadcasts Chinese yam beans 25500-26000
Grain.
11, point finishes Chinese yam beans, in earthing 8-12cm above, while arranging moisture surface；Guarantee moisture surface shoulder breadth 70-75cm；Shape
At furrow to guarantee to drain it is unimpeded.
12, in the moisture surface covering 7-9cm soft pin (can appropriate firming fix) arranged；Pine needle is sufficient to be covered comprehensively
Lid；Pine needle is insufficient to concentrate on the center region 20-25cm (other region lid control grass films).
13, double drip irrigation zones of interval 30-35cm are laid with to above-mentioned moisture surface；Primary hair Miao Shui is irrigated, early emergence is promoted.
14, in above-mentioned moisture surface central punch 50-60cm depth diameter 10-12cm, 10-12 meters are spaced, (the ground 2m or so in cultivation
1.4-1.6m) timber is climbed for drawing in the net for Chinese yam tendril.
15, it periodically discharges water to trickle irrigation, keeps moisture surface wet but do not form the damage caused by waterlogging later period imposing Water Soluble Compound fat two and arrive
(water-fertilizer integral management) three times.
16, shield bud harvesting: first taking out rack strut when harvesting, removes linked network and tendril, then remove ridge moisture in the soil with " four tooth harrows "
Surface soil, hold flexible material from side and open to the other side, can all surface be translated by educating " bulbil young plant " (small Chinese yam)
Come, it is artificial to pick up.
The example surveys the main indicator produced are as follows: average 25700 Chinese yam beans of planting density per acre, 1900 plants of 30g or less,
30-45g5330 plants, 45-65g6840 plants, 65-85g6320 plants, 85-110g4420 plants, 700 plants of 110g or more.45g's or more
Ratio is 72%, is lower than " and corn association " mode.
Application example 3
Long Chinese yam, which is produced, in infertile mountainous area dense planting Chinese yam young plant eats stem tuber (big Chinese yam)
Place: Zhanyi, Yunnan county, descending village, plain boiled water town
Field experiment area: 40 mu
Test plot: High aititude milpa (height above sea level 2200m)
Specific steps and main economic technical indicator:
1, before New Year's Day in 2018,30 centimeters of sunnings are ploughed deeply into soil, with sterilization and disinfestation；
2, start in mid-April, 2018 to sow (avoiding late frost)；
3, to the soil that dried carry out rotary tillage, rake it is whole；
4, do trapezoidal groove basis: (the ditch heart is to ditch heart 1.2-1.3m) is ditched in bracing wire, " inverted trapezoidal ", the horizon ditch depth 22-25cm(
Below), the control of bottom of trench width is at 38-42cm, 45 degree of ditch two sides or more gradient.It ditches about 540 meters in one mu of arable land.
5, paving flexible material " backing " forms trapezoidal groove: using 60cm wide flexible material (customization), two sides are rolled over by bank
8-10cm is played, gradient is more than 45 degree lower than 90 degree.
6, three or four layers of (about 5-7cm is thick) corn stover are spread in above-mentioned trapezoidal groove forms " cotton-padded mattress " (fermentation bed)；Corn
Stalk be preferably selected up to " maize " this section (whole then needs root to remove " maize shell ")；Corn stover sprinkling to spreading
The subterranean pest-insects such as grub, mole cricket, cutworm are killed in carbendazim sterilization, killing of spraying insecticide.0.07 hectare, which needs to spread, to be no less than
15000 corn stovers spray 80-120 kilograms of diluted carbendazim thimerosal.
7, it is above-mentioned pave and spread fine earth in sterilized corn stover fill gap therein to smooth.
8, the farmyard manure by decomposed crushing spreads 4-6cm, and uniformly dissipates above one layer " Special compound fertilizer for tobacco ", pungent
Sulphur phosphorus and general calcium.Farmyard manure dosage 1.8-2.5 tons per acre, " Special compound fertilizer for tobacco " (15-15-15) dosage 100-120kg,
Phoxim 3% granule 2500-3500g, general calcium 30kg.
9, in above-mentioned fertilizer layer upper berth 5-7cm fine earth, become dibbling " sieve time made from Chinese yam bulbil young plant " (for doing the mountain of kind
Medicine beans) " seedbed ".
10, in above-mentioned " seedbed " fine earth layer middle position (the ditch heart), first longitudinal dibbling a line Chinese yam young plant (is spaced 50-
52cm), it then in each dibbling a line Chinese yam young plant of two sides interval 9-11cm, and is planted in each dibbling a line Chinese yam of two sides interval 9-11cm
Son；5 row of concurrent kind within the scope of namely trapezoidal groove guarantees dibbling placed in the middle, guarantees that spacing in the rows is all controlled in 9-11cm.It plants per acre
The trapezoidal groove of 520-540m broadcasts Chinese yam Chinese yam young plant 4900-5100 seedling.
11, above-mentioned Chinese yam young plant is the bean seedlings after " sieve time Chinese yam " purification and rejuvenation, that is, " bulbil young plant "；It is required that pressing
Rank separates, and avoids " strong seedling pressure weak seedling "；It is required that separating by " having luxuriant " and " no luxuriant ", avoid seedling-growing time difference excessive,
Cause " strong seedling pressure weak seedling ".
12, the positioning (other positions of Chinese yam young plant are put can be arbitrarily) of strict control budding point position is wanted in above-mentioned dibbling, with
And prevent displacement from causing liquid manure supply uneven；It is first covered with fine earth after the positioning of Chinese yam young plant and (avoids causing when next step earthing
Displacement).
13, after point finishes Chinese yam young plant, in earthing 10-14cm above, while moisture surface is arranged；Guarantee moisture surface shoulder breadth 70-
75cm, the furrow of formation will guarantee to drain unimpeded.
14, in the moisture surface covering 7-9cm soft pin (can appropriate firming fix) arranged；Pine needle is sufficient to be covered comprehensively
Lid；Pine needle is insufficient to concentrate on emergence region and the neighbouring region 10-12cm (other region lid control grass films).
15, double drip irrigation zones of interval 30-35cm are laid with to above-mentioned moisture surface；Primary hair Miao Shui is irrigated, early emergence is promoted.
16, in above-mentioned moisture surface central punch 50-60cm depth diameter 10-12cm, 8-10 meters are spaced, 2.8m or so (in cultivation
Upper 2.0-2.2m) timber, it is climbed for drawing in the net for Chinese yam tendril.
17, it periodically discharges water to trickle irrigation, keep moisture surface wet but does not form damage caused by waterlogging；Mid-term imposes water soluble composite fertilizer two to three
Secondary (water-fertilizer integral management)；It is primary (water-fertilizer integral management) that Chinese yam expanding stage imposes water-soluble enhanced potash fertilizer.
18, shield bud harvesting: first taking out rack strut when harvesting, removes linked network and tendril, then remove ridge moisture in the soil with " four tooth harrows "
Surface soil, hold flexible material from side and open to the other side, surface can be translated by educating " Chinese yam stem tuber " (big Chinese yam) all,
It is artificial to pick up.
The example surveys the main indicator produced are as follows: average 4985 plants of planting density per acre, 490 plants of 250g or less, and 250-
450g1130 plants, 450-650g1460 plants, 650-1100g1350 plants, 520 plants of 1000g or more, per mu yield 2680kg.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
- The implantation methods of high yield 1. a kind of long Chinese yam grows wild, which comprises the steps of:Sunning before New Year's Day current year, is ploughed deeply with sterilization and disinfestation in soil by step (1)；Start to sow in spring current year；By what is dried Soil carry out rotary tillage, rake it is whole；Step (2), does trapezoidal groove, bracing wire trench digging, and the distance between ditch heart of two neighboring ditch is 1.1-1.3m, trapezoidal groove Cross section be in inverted trapezoidal, ditch depth 20-25m, bottom of trench width 18-42cm, the gradient of trapezoidal groove two sides are greater than 45 degree, are less than 90 degree；Step (3) spreads flexible material in trapezoidal groove, and 8-10cm is turned up by bank in flexible material two sides, and gradient is more than 45 Degree is lower than 90 degree；Step (4) spreads three or four layers of sterilized corn stover as fermentation bed in trapezoidal groove, and it is therein to spread fine earth filling The farmyard manure of the decomposed crushing of 4-6cm thickness is spread to smooth in gap above later, then uniformly to sprinkle above one layer of tobacco special With the mixture of compound fertilizer and phoxim；The fine earth for finally repaving 4-6cm thickness, is made seedbed；The mu dosage of Special compound fertilizer for tobacco is 40-120kg, and the mu dosage of phoxim is 3% granule 2500-3500g；Step (5), dibbling multirow Chinese yam beans or Chinese yam young plant, line-spacing 9-11cm in seedbed；Adjacent two Chinese yam beans of every row The distance between be 9-11cm, the distance between adjacent two Chinese yam young plants of every row are 50-55cm；Two row maize seed of flexible material dibbling or not dibbling is abutted on the outside of flexible material two；Every row maize seed spacing in the rows is 35- 45cm, the line-spacing between this two rows maize seed are 28-35cm；Step (6) after point finishes, in the thickness of earthing 8-14cm above, while arranging moisture surface, guarantees moisture surface shoulder breadth 70-75cm, formed Furrow to guarantee to drain it is unimpeded；The soft pin of 7-9cm thickness is covered in moisture surface；Step (7), dibbling maize seed, in addition to rejecting the three, four of corn foot leaf leaf, it goes without doing other manages and protects mid-term；Not dibbling maize seed, a line hole, hole depth 50-60cm, bore dia 10-12cm, adjacent two hole interval are beaten at moisture surface center 8-10 meters, every hole plants the timber of upper 2.7-2.9m, and guarantees a height of 2.0-2.2m of timber aerial part, for drawing in the net for common yam stem Climing climbing；Step (8), dibbling maize seed, when harvesting, first removes corn root, then with the surface soil for removing ridge moisture in the soil, holds from side flexible Material is opened to the other side, and educated crop can all be translated into surface, artificial to pick up；Not dibbling maize seed, when harvesting, first takes out timber, linked network and tendril is removed, then remove the surface soil of ridge moisture in the soil, from a layback Firmly flexible material is opened to the other side, and educated crop can all be translated into surface, artificial to pick up.
- The implantation methods of high yield 2. long Chinese yam according to claim 1 grows wild, which is characterized in that in step (1), selection sea The soil that 2400 meters or less arable layers are more than 30cm is pulled out, soil is ploughed deeply 30 centimeters；Southwest China and southeast were in 2 months current years The middle ten days to late April, northwest China are sowed during the first tenday period of a month in early April current year to May.
- The implantation methods of high yield 3. long Chinese yam according to claim 1 grows wild, which is characterized in that in step (1), select weak For acid to the soil in weak base section, sandy loam is preferential；Avoid the viscous clay of choosing, sand presses against soil；Avoid the soil for selecting microbial flora seriously to be destroyed Earth.
- The implantation methods of high yield 4. long Chinese yam according to claim 1 grows wild, which is characterized in that in step (4), corn stalk Stalk is selectively above and in the part between knot corn of corn root.
- The implantation methods of high yield 5. long Chinese yam according to claim 1 grows wild, which is characterized in that in step (4), corn stalk Stalk uses carbendazim sterilization, meanwhile, dissipation of spraying insecticide kills these subterranean pest-insects of grub, mole cricket and cutworm；Cigarette Careless special complex fertilizer N-P-K is 15-15-15.
- The implantation methods of high yield 6. long Chinese yam according to claim 1 grows wild, which is characterized in that in step (5), dibbling When, first from ditch heart position longitudinal direction dibbling a line Chinese yam beans or Chinese yam young plant, the backward symmetrical dibbling in two sides；Dibbling Chinese yam young plant When, it to be positioned with the luxuriant of Chinese yam young plant；Luxuriant is damaged but 2/3rds or more stem of taking root is intact, at 2cm below fracture Positioning.
- The implantation methods of high yield 7. long Chinese yam according to claim 1 grows wild, which is characterized in that in step (5), dibbling mountain When medicine young plant, capable arrangement and furrow are tiltedly arranged in 45 degree of angles.
- The implantation methods of high yield 8. long Chinese yam according to claim 1 grows wild, which is characterized in that in step (6), pine needle amount In insufficient situation, pine needle is laid on to the region 20-25cm to hook the heart as center line, remaining region lid control grass film.
- The implantation methods of high yield 9. long Chinese yam according to claim 1 grows wild, which is characterized in that in step (7), not dibbling Maize seed, double drip irrigation zones of interval 30-35cm are laid in moisture surface.
- The implantation methods of high yield 10. long Chinese yam according to claim 1 grows wild, which is characterized in that when dibbling Chinese yam young plant When, when step (4) sprinkles the mixture of one layer of Special compound fertilizer for tobacco and phoxim, while general calcium is sprinkled, the mu dosage of general calcium For 30kg；When dibbling Chinese yam young plant, and when not dibbling maize seed, step (7), it is primary that Chinese yam expanding stage imposes water soluble potassic fertilizer again.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110476763A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-22 | 衢州市农业科学研究院 | The method for cultivating sweet potato |
| CN111771651A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-10-16 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Dioscorea opposita shallow directional planting method |
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| CN110476763A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-22 | 衢州市农业科学研究院 | The method for cultivating sweet potato |
| CN111771651A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-10-16 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Dioscorea opposita shallow directional planting method |
| CN117751733A (en) * | 2024-02-22 | 2024-03-26 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Chinese yam planter |
| CN117751733B (en) * | 2024-02-22 | 2024-04-16 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Chinese yam planter |
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