CN109997591A - A kind of breeding method of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN109997591A CN109997591A CN201910349167.1A CN201910349167A CN109997591A CN 109997591 A CN109997591 A CN 109997591A CN 201910349167 A CN201910349167 A CN 201910349167A CN 109997591 A CN109997591 A CN 109997591A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of breeding methods of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings, belong to rare rare technical field of plant propagation.The breeding method of the Camellia nitidissima container seedlings, includes the following steps: step 1: seedling is cultivated；Step 2: big seedling cultivation.The Camellia nitidissima seedlings cultivated using method of the invention, equal height of seedling reach 65cm or more, the thick 0.6cm or more of diameter, nursery stock rate reaches 90.90% or more, and nursery stock is sturdy, grows vigorous, the planting survival rates that are out of the garden reach 98% or more, can develop for forest economy and provide large batch of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding methods of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings, belong to rare rare Plant breeding techniques neck
Domain.
Background technique
Camellia nitidissima is rare rare plant in the world, is one of eight kinds of first-grade state protection plants in China, is known as " planting
Object circle giant panda ", " tea race queen ".Leaf, the Hua Hanyou multiple element of Camellia nitidissima, there is higher economic value.In order to develop
This rare rare plant is protected and utilized to golden flower tea industry, and cultivating Camellia nitidissima container seedlings is to develop forest economy, improve and make
Woods quality, the important link for promoting forest fast-growth, reaching high-yield and high-efficiency.In the Camellia nitidissima seedling raising process of the prior art,
That there is outplanting rates is low, seedling quality is poor, and many of needs for being unable to satisfy large-scale development forest economy cultivation Camellia nitidissima ask
Topic.It is specific as follows:
First is that, as long as breeding, seed quality is good in forest seedling growth, germination percentage is high, carries out crop field using its seed and educates
Seedling, the nursery stock of cultivation have reached strong sprout standard, and be directly out of the garden field planting, but root system damage is larger, causes planting survival rates low.
Second is that only sunshade, water spray moisturizing, are unable to control temperature, humidity, cause sometimes wet during cultivating large seedling
Spend big root system rot, nursery stock water shortage undergrowth.
Third is that during cultivating large seedling, when transplanting, removes a large amount of or a small amount of blades of nursery stock, reduces evaporation capacity, improves
Although transplanting survival rate, survival rate improve, but seedling growth restores slow.
The prior art uses simple and unscientific method, and outplanting rate is less than 30%, and such as 2014 in North Sea Hepu moral
Along breeding Co., Ltd Camellia nitidissima cultivation base, the Camellia nitidissima overhead layering seedling of transplanting, when transplanting, only uses sunshade water drenching
Method, outplanting rate are only 25.18%, and seedling growth is weak, of poor quality, the needs being unable to meet production.
Therefore, need to develop a kind of breeding method method of new Camellia nitidissima container seedlings, to make up drawbacks described above.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of breeding method of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings.It adopts
The Camellia nitidissima seedlings cultivated with method of the invention, equal height of seedling reach 65cm or more, the thick 0.6cm or more of diameter, and nursery stock rate reaches
90.90% or more, nursery stock is sturdy, and growth is vigorous, and the planting survival rates that are out of the garden reach 98% or more, can develop for forest economy and provide
Large batch of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings.
The technical scheme to solve the above technical problems is that a kind of breeding method of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings, packet
Include following steps:
Step 1: seedling is cultivated
Step 1.1: sowing seedling
Camellia nitidissima mature seed is taken, sand bed vernalization is carried out, when bud grows to 10cm-15cm, transplants in nutrition cup, obtains
Seedling is sowed to Camellia nitidissima；
Step 1.2: cuttage seedling
Take Camellia nitidissima growth key strong, and the branch of lignifying or semi-lignified carries out cuttage, by training in 8-13 months
It educates, obtains Camellia nitidissima cuttage seedling；
Step 1.3: grafting seedling
Anvil is made using Camellia Vietnamensis kind sprout, makees scion with the branch of Camellia nitidissima plant, is grafted, by 6-12 months
Cultivation, obtain golden flower tea Engraftment seedling；
Step 1.4: overhead layering seedling
On the tree crown of common Camellia nitidissima elite stand, 1 year raw branch of robust growth is selected, is carried out using overhead layering method numerous
It grows, by the cultivation of 0.5-1.0, obtains overhead layering seedling；
Step 2: big seedling cultivation
Step 2.1: transplanting
Selecting the gradient is 5 ° -10 ° of place as nursery lot, excavates gutter in the surrounding of nursery lot, nursery lot it is interior
Shallow ridges is excavated in portion, builds sunshade and covers sunshade net；
The Camellia nitidissima for taking step 1.1 to obtain sows seedling, the Camellia nitidissima cuttage seedling that step 1.2 obtains, step 1.3 and obtains
Golden flower tea Engraftment seedling and the obtained overhead layering seedling of step 1.4, for seedling to be transplanted；
Seedling to be transplanted is used into slurry root liquid root dipping 10s-15s, obtains the transplanted seedling by starching root；
Seedling medium is placed in nutrition cup, will be planted in nutrition cup by the transplanted seedling of slurry root, compacting soil is simultaneously being sought
Supporting rim of a cup, there are spaces, nutrition cup are arranged in furrow and water of drenching, after plant leaf loses and drips, spraying mass percent is
50% 500 times of liquid of carbendazim, build arched shed immediately and cover white agricultural film, and surrounding is sternly sealed, and complete transplanting；
Step 2.2: fertilising
Step 2.1 transplanting after, used every 13-17 days mass percent for 0.5% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution
Leaching is applied nursery stock 1 time, and company applies 2 times；25-30 days after transplanting, mass percent is used to drench for 0.7% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution
Apply nursery stock；38-42 days after transplanting, mass percent was used to apply for 1.0% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution leaching every 15-20 days
Nursery stock 1 time, company applies 4 times；
Step 2.3: membrane removal
48-52 days after step 2.1 transplanting, the white agricultural film on arched shed is removed, reinforces water drenching；
Step 2.4: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Step 2.5: hardening
Since early October, the sunshade net covered on sunshade is gradually opened；
Step 2.6: be out of the garden field planting
After step 2.1 transplanting, by cultivation in 7-8 months, seedling to be transplanted grew into seedlings, can be out of the garden.
The principle of the present invention:
First point, the prior art is in Camellia nitidissima nursery, as long as breeding, seed quality are good, germination percentage is high, just using kind
Son carries out field seedling raising, and the nursery stock of cultivation has reached strong sprout standard, and be directly out of the garden field planting, but root system damage is larger, causes to be colonized
Survival rate is low.The Camellia nitidissima seedlings cultivated using method of the invention, equal height of seedling reach 65cm or more, the thick 0.6cm or more of diameter, nursery stock
Outplanting rate reaches 90.90% or more, and nursery stock is sturdy, and growth is vigorous, and the planting survival rates that are out of the garden reach 98% or more, can pass through for hayashishita
Ji development provides large batch of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings.
Second point, for the prior art during cultivating large seedling, only sunshade, water spray moisturizing, are unable to control temperature, humidity,
Cause the excessive root system of humidity to rot, nursery stock water shortage undergrowth sometimes.And the present invention drenches after nursery stock transplanting nutrition cup and determines root
Water, sterilization cover agricultural film moisture-heat preservation immediately, create the control environment of seedling growth, make the seedling injured in transplanting
Restoration ecosystem as early as possible.
Thirdly, the prior art is during using press strip seedling cultivating large seedling, and when transplanting removes a large amount of or a small amount of of nursery stock
Blade reduces evaporation capacity, improves transplanting survival rate, although survival rate improves, but seedling growth restores slow.And the present invention retains
The blade of press strip seedling after transplanted seedling survives, when root system starts growth, carries out water and fertilizer management, nursery stock restoration ecosystem is fast, institute immediately
The seedlings well developed root system of cultivation, tree crown are dark green.
Wherein, in step 2.1 of the invention, arched shed being built immediately and covers white agricultural film, surrounding is sternly sealed, and is to prevent wind
Nursery stock.
In step 2.1 of the invention, the overhead layering seedling that the step 1.4 obtains, will before using root liquid root dipping is starched
The agricultural film of press strip seedling base portion surface layer wrapping is removed, and retains press strip seedling matrix and root system is complete.
In step 2.2 of the invention, it is compound that the potassium sulfate that mass percent is 0.5%, 0.7% and 1.0% is respectively adopted
It is because of the continuous growth with nursery stock that nursery stock is applied in the leaching of rich water solution, and required nutrient increases, and it is water-soluble that compound potassium sulfate fertilizer is applied in leaching
The concentration of liquid is also increase accordingly.Compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution is applied in leaching, and seedling growth can be promoted vigorous, sturdy.
In step 2.3 of the invention, membrane removal is preferably carried out at the cloudy day, or at night first takes off the white agricultural film at furrow face both ends
It opens, 2-3 days nursery stocks, which do not occur phenomenon of losing water, to open completely, must reinforce water drenching moisturizing after taking off film, prevent nursery stock water shortage face
It is dead.
In step 2.4 of the invention, after nutritive cup seedlings epiphragma, temperature of shed, humidity are big, it has to be noted that the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.
Further, in step 1.1, the sand bed vernalization refers to that before vernalization, river sand is transported to interior by 1d, be made into wide 1.0m,
The sand bed of long 6.0m spreads the river sand of one layer of 15cm thickness in sand bed bottom first, and smooth good, the height for being 0.2% with mass concentration
Potassium manganate solution sprays thin river sand and carries out disinfection processing；By on the evenly laid out Shamian Island of Camellia nitidissima mature seed, between seed and seed
It is mutually staggered, then the clean river sand of one layer of 2cm-3cm thickness of lid, water of drenching carry out stratification again, and river sand water content remains
Tide is without wet.
Be using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: vernalization sowing is conducive to overcome the problems, such as the sowing in the field plague of rats；It urges interior
Bud is easy to operate, and percentage of seedgermination is high, quality, and after planting nursery stock rate is high.
Further, in step 1.1, it is non-woven fabrics cup that the specification of the nutrition cup, which is bore 10.0cm, the high 12.0cm of cup,.
Be using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: using nutrition cup nursery, seedling root is remained intact when transplanting, is transplanted
High survival rate, seedling growth are fast.
Further, in step 1.2, the height of seedling of the Camellia nitidissima cuttage seedling is 20cm-30cm.
Further, in step 1.4, the overhead layering method refers in the excellent Camellia nitidissima adult plants tree crown of kind
Portion, 1 year strong raw branch of selection growth key, the long 30-45cm of branch, the thick 0.6-0.8cm of diameter carry out girdling on its branch, are deep to
Forming layer, the long 1.8-2.0cm of scarfing, then makees matrix wrapping with moss, takes root for forming the breeding side of plant to 0.5-1.0
Method.
It is using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: using overhead layering method, can quickly forms plant, and be able to maintain female parent
Good characteristic, bloom morning of going into operation.
Further, in step 2.1, the width in the gutter is 50cm, depth 60cm-80cm；The width of the shallow ridges
Degree is 30cm, depth 25cm-45cm.
It is using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: takes the above measure, it is ensured that nursery lot internal drainage is unobstructed, will not
With generating garden internal water accumulation, provides good condition for seedling growth.
Further, in step 2.1, the slurry root liquid is using root-growing agent 1.0ml, clear water 1000ml and loess 1000g tune
At paste.
Be using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: containing root-growing agent and loess in slurry root liquid, wherein root-growing agent can promote
Seedling root is sprouted and growth, and loess meets water and becomes mud, root-growing agent and mud mixing, both plays rooting effect, moreover it is possible to play
The effect of water conservation promotes seedling growth, substantially increases the survival rate and outplanting rate of Camellia nitidissima nursery stock.
Above-mentioned root-growing agent can such as be purchased from Guangdong Plants dragon Biotechnology Ltd., model by commercially available
" the root sun " (potted plant Rapid Rooting type).
Further, in step 2.1, the seedling medium is made of the raw material of following weight percent: loess 70%, broad-leaved
Surface soil 20%, river sand 9% and phosphate fertilizer 1% in woods, pH value 5.0, or be made of the raw material of following weight percent: sandy soil
80%, surface soil 19% and phosphate fertilizer 1%, pH value 5.0 in broad-leaf forest.
Be using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: seedling medium is formulated according to the physiological property of Camellia nitidissima, energy
Guarantee the nutritional need of Camellia nitidissima seedling.Fertilizer is added using soil property to be made, is retained good permeability, and organic matter can be increased, fertilizer
Effect length；It has also been mixed into phosphate fertilizer in matrix simultaneously, has rationally met demand of the camellia chrysantha young seedling growth to fertilizer；Materials convenience,
It is easy to prepare, easy to operate, consumptive material is few, at low cost.The seedling of transplanting must first starch root when seedling removes, and keep root system wet
Degree improves survival rate.
Further, in step 2.1, it is black plastic cup that the specification of the nutrition cup, which is bore 15.0cm, the high 18.0cm of cup,
Or non-woven fabrics cup.
Be using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: using nutrition cup nursery, seedling root is remained intact when transplanting, is transplanted
High survival rate, seedling growth are fast.
Further, in step 2.1, the nutrition rim of a cup is 1.5cm there are the height in space.
It is using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: is to enter cup for the ease of water drenching in each nutrition rim of a cup there are space
It does not outflow inside.
Further, in step 2.2, in the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution, N, P in compound potassium sulfate fertilizer2O5And K2O's
Mass percentage is 15%.
It is using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: sprays the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution of above-mentioned parameter, can increase seedling
The nutrient of wood growth, promotes seedling growth.
Further, in step 2.4, the specific method of the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
Step 2.4.1: stem rot
Using mass percent for 50% 700 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder or mass percent is 75,%00
Bacterium 600 times of liquid of clear wettable powder are prevented and treated by spraying, every 8-12 days 1 time；
Step 2.4.2: anthracnose
Before the onset or early stage, 700 times of liquid of carbendazim and 800 times of new high fat film that mass percent is 50% are sprayed
Liquid；Period of disease sprays 800 times of liquid of zinc thiazole and new high fat film or zinc thiazole and Bordeaux mixture, every 8-12 days 1 time, even sprays
2 times；
Step 2.4.3: yellow-wing subterranean termite
Using pressure cigarette termiticide method or dig nest termiticide method.
It is using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: takes the above measure, pest and disease damage can be effectively prevented.
Further, in step 2.4.2, the Bordeaux mixture is quick lime 1.0kg, sulfuric acid cave 1.0kg and water 200kg
Mixed liquor.
Further, in step 2.4.3, the pressure cigarette termiticide method, which refers to, is made fumicants ant repellant, will press the smoke of cigarette device
Pipe the ants main way blocks other road junctions with mud, eliminates termite in nest.
It is using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: can effectively prevent the pest and disease damage of nursery stock, provided safeguard for seedling growth.
Above-mentioned termiticide medicament can such as be purchased from Dongguan City Ming Bu pest control Co., Ltd, model by commercially available
For " the white mosquito powder of Bai Song board " (white mosquito of going out is dedicated).
Further, the digging nest termiticide method sprays termite killing powder after referring to digging to main nest position, annihilates termite.
Above-mentioned termiticide powder is purchased from Guilin City Bai Song health product Co., Ltd, and model " the white mosquito powder of Bai Song board " (is gone out white
Mosquito is dedicated).
Further, in step 2.6, the height of seedling of the seedlings is 65cm-80cm, diameter is slightly 0.6cm-0.7cm.
It is using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: when seedlings grow up to the size, the survival rate of outplanting field planting
Up to 98% or more, and sapling up-growth is fast, grows into forest morning.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) present invention using sowing seedling, cuttage seedling, grafting four kinds of seedlings of seedling and overhead layering seedling, transplanting in
Cultivate in nutrition cup into sturdy container seedlings, nursery stock average survival is 95.32% respectively, 97.38%, 96.95%,
98.11%, than the cultivating large seedling of the prior art average survival be respectively increased 65.35%, 55.01%, 44.59%,
150.85%.
(2) present invention uses non-woven fabrics nutrition cup, according to Camellia nitidissima seedling growth prepare suitable matrix cultivate at
Seedlings promote seedling growth, improve nursery stock rate, small using sowing seedling, cuttage seedling, grafting seedling and overhead layering
The outplanting rate for the seedlings that Miao Si kind seedling is cultivated is 91.23%, 92.24%, 91.06% and 90.90% respectively, than existing skill
The breeding method of art has been respectively increased 69.23%, 69.65%, 73.18% and 261.00%.
(3) present invention is moved into nutrition cup and is arranged by nursery furrow face, cultivated using the four kinds of seedlings survived
Well developed root system and sturdy seedlings, the planting survival rates that are out of the garden are up to 98% or more, and it is fast to grow into forest.
(4) present invention is to reinforce four kinds of small transplantation of seedlings of original cultivation in nutrition cup, establishing agricultural film arched shed, sunshade
Water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control are the key technologies for cultivating forest seedlings, provide for production of forestry large-scale cultivation seedlings
Technical guarantee.
Specific embodiment
Principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with specific embodiment, example is served only for explaining this hair
It is bright, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The breeding method of the Camellia nitidissima container seedlings of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
Step 1: sowing seedling
Camellia nitidissima mature seed is taken, sand bed vernalization is carried out, when bud grows to 10cm, transplants in nutrition cup, obtains gold
Jasmine tea sows seedling.Wherein, the sand bed vernalization refers to that before vernalization, river sand is transported to interior by 1d, is made into wide 1.0m, long 6.0m
Sand bed, the river sand of one layer of 15cm thickness is spread in sand bed bottom first, and it is smooth good, with mass concentration for 0.2% potassium permanganate
The thin river sand of solution spraying carries out disinfection processing；By on the evenly laid out Shamian Island of Camellia nitidissima mature seed, mutually it is staggered between seed and seed
It opens, then the river sand of one layer of 2cm thickness of lid, water of drenching carry out stratification again, and river sand water content remains tide without wet.The battalion
The specification for supporting cup is bore 10.0cm, the high 12.0cm of cup, is black plastic cup or non-woven fabrics cup.
Step 2: big seedling cultivation
Step 2.1: transplanting
Selecting the gradient is 5 ° of place as nursery lot, excavates gutter in the surrounding of nursery lot, the inside of nursery lot is opened
Shallow ridges is dug, sunshade is built and covers sunshade net.Wherein, the width in the gutter be 50cm, depth 60cm；It is described shallow
The width of ditch is 30cm, depth 25cm.
The Camellia nitidissima sowing seedling for taking step 1 to obtain, for seedling to be transplanted；
Seedling to be transplanted is used into slurry root liquid root dipping 10s, obtains the transplanted seedling by starching root.Wherein, the slurry root liquid is
The paste being tuned into using root-growing agent 1.0ml, clear water 1000m l and loess 1000g.
Seedling medium is placed in nutrition cup, it is black that the specification of the nutrition cup, which is bore 15.0cm, the high 18.0cm of cup,
Color plastic cup or non-woven fabrics cup；The seedling medium is made of the raw material of following weight percent: table in loess 70%, broad-leaf forest
Soil 20%, river sand 9% and phosphate fertilizer 1%, pH value 5.0.
To be planted in nutrition cup by the transplanted seedling of slurry root, compacting soil and in nutrition rim of a cup there are the space of 1.5cm,
Nutrition cup is arranged in furrow and water of drenching, after plant leaf loses and drips, sprays the carbendazim 500 that mass percent is 50%
Times liquid, builds arched shed immediately and covers white agricultural film, and surrounding is sternly sealed, and completes transplanting.
Step 2.2: fertilising
After step 2.1 transplanting, mass percent was used to apply for 0.5% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution leaching every 13 days
Nursery stock 1 time, company applies 2 times；25 days after transplanting, mass percent is used to drench Shi Miaomu for 0.7% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution；
38 days after transplanting, mass percent was used to apply nursery stock 1 time for 1.0% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution leaching every 15 days, company applies
4 times.Wherein, in the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution, N, P in compound potassium sulfate fertilizer2O5And K2The mass percentage of O is
15%.
Step 2.3: membrane removal
48 days after step 2.1 transplanting, the white agricultural film on arched shed is removed, reinforces water drenching.
Step 2.4: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Step 2.4.1: stem rot
Mass percent is used to prevent and treat by spraying for 50% 700 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder, every 8 days 1 time；
Step 2.4.2: anthracnose
Before the onset or early stage, 700 times of liquid of carbendazim and 800 times of new high fat film that mass percent is 50% are sprayed
Liquid.The Bordeaux mixture is the mixed liquor of quick lime 1.0kg, sulfuric acid cave 1.0kg and water 200kg.
Period of disease sprays 800 times of liquid of zinc thiazole and new high fat film, every 8 days 1 time, even spray 2 times.
Step 2.4.3: yellow-wing subterranean termite
Using pressure cigarette termiticide method, the pressure cigarette termiticide method, which refers to, is made fumicants ant repellant, will press the main ant of cigarette device pipe
Road blocks other road junctions with mud, eliminates termite in nest.
Step 2.5: hardening
Since early October, the sunshade net covered on sunshade is gradually opened；
Step 2.6: be out of the garden field planting
After step 2.1 transplanting, by cultivation in 7-8 months, seedling to be transplanted grew into seedlings, height of seedling 65cm-
80cm, diameter are slightly 0.6cm-0.7cm, can be out of the garden.
Embodiment 2
The breeding method of the Camellia nitidissima container seedlings of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
Step 1: cuttage seedling
Take Camellia nitidissima growth key strong, and the branch of lignifying or semi-lignified carries out cuttage, by training in 8-13 months
It educates, obtains the Camellia nitidissima cuttage seedling that height of seedling is 20cm-30cm.
Step 2: big seedling cultivation
Step 2.1: transplanting
Selecting the gradient is 8 ° of place as nursery lot, excavates gutter in the surrounding of nursery lot, the inside of nursery lot is opened
Shallow ridges is dug, sunshade is built and covers sunshade net.Wherein, the width in the gutter be 50cm, depth 70cm；It is described shallow
The width of ditch is 30cm, depth 38cm；The slurry root liquid is using root-growing agent 1.0ml, clear water 1000ml and loess 1000g tune
At paste.
The Camellia nitidissima cuttage seedling for taking step 1 to obtain, for seedling to be transplanted；
Seedling to be transplanted is used into slurry root liquid root dipping 12s, obtains the transplanted seedling by starching root.Wherein, the slurry root liquid is
The paste being tuned into using root-growing agent 1.0ml, clear water 1000ml and loess 1000g.
Seedling medium is placed in nutrition cup, it is black that the specification of the nutrition cup, which is bore 15.0cm, the high 18.0cm of cup,
Color plastic cup or non-woven fabrics cup；The seedling medium is made of the raw material of following weight percent: in sandy soil 80%, broad-leaf forest
Surface soil 19% and phosphate fertilizer 1%, pH value 5.0；The height in the nutrition cup space is 1.5cm.It will be planted by the transplanted seedling of slurry root
In nutrition cup, nutrition cup is arranged in furrow and water of drenching, wait plant by compacting soil and there are the spaces of 1.5cm in nutrition rim of a cup
After strain blade loses and drips, 500 times of carbendazols are sprayed, arched shed is built immediately and covers white agricultural film, surrounding is sternly sealed, and completes to move
It plants.
Step 2.2: fertilising
After step 2.1 transplanting, mass percent was used to apply for 0.5% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution leaching every 17 days
Nursery stock 1 time, company applies 2 times；28 days after transplanting, mass percent is used to drench Shi Miaomu for 0.7% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution；
40 days after transplanting, mass percent was used to apply nursery stock 1 time for 1.0% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution leaching every 18 days, company applies
4 times.Wherein, in the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution, N, P in compound potassium sulfate fertilizer2O5And K2The mass percentage of O is
15%.
Step 2.3: membrane removal
50 days after step 2.1 transplanting, the white agricultural film on arched shed is removed, reinforces water drenching.
Step 2.4: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Step 2.4.1: stem rot
Mass percent is used to prevent and treat by spraying for 75% Bravo wettable powder, 600 times of liquid, every 10 days 1 time；
Step 2.4.2: anthracnose
Before the onset or early stage, 700 times of liquid of carbendazim and 800 times of new high fat film that mass percent is 50% are sprayed
Liquid.The Bordeaux mixture is the mixed liquor of quick lime 1.0kg, sulfuric acid cave 1.0kg and water 200kg.
Period of disease sprays zinc thiazole and Bordeaux mixture, every 8-12 days 1 time, even spray 2 times；
Step 2.4.3: yellow-wing subterranean termite
Using digging nest termiticide method.
Step 2.5: hardening
Since early October, the sunshade net covered on sunshade is gradually opened；
Step 2.6: be out of the garden field planting
After step 2.1 transplanting, by cultivation in 7-8 months, seedling to be transplanted grew into seedlings, height of seedling 65cm-
80cm, diameter are slightly 0.6cm-0.7cm, can be out of the garden.
Embodiment 3
The breeding method of the Camellia nitidissima container seedlings of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
Step 1: grafting seedling
Anvil is made using Camellia Vietnamensis kind sprout, makees scion with the branch of common Camellia nitidissima plant, is grafted, by 6-12
Cultivation in a month obtains golden flower tea Engraftment seedling.
Step 2: big seedling cultivation
Step 2.1: transplanting
Selecting the gradient is 10 ° of place as nursery lot, excavates gutter in the surrounding of nursery lot, the inside of nursery lot is opened
Shallow ridges is dug, sunshade is built and covers sunshade net.Wherein, the width in the gutter be 50cm, depth 80cm；It is described shallow
The width of ditch is 30cm, depth 45cm；The slurry root liquid is using root-growing agent 1.0ml, clear water 1000ml and loess 1000g tune
At paste.
The golden flower tea Engraftment seedling for taking step 1 to obtain, for seedling to be transplanted；
Seedling to be transplanted is used into slurry root liquid root dipping 15s, obtains the transplanted seedling by starching root.Wherein, the slurry root liquid is
The paste being tuned into using root-growing agent 1.0ml, clear water 1000ml and loess 1000g.
Seedling medium is placed in nutrition cup, it is black that the specification of the nutrition cup, which is bore 15.0cm, the high 18.0cm of cup,
Color plastic cup or non-woven fabrics cup；The seedling medium is made of the raw material of following weight percent: in sandy soil 80%, broad-leaf forest
Surface soil 19% and phosphate fertilizer 1%, pH value 5.0；The height in the nutrition cup space is 1.5cm.It will be planted by the transplanted seedling of slurry root
In nutrition cup, nutrition cup is arranged in furrow and water of drenching, wait plant by compacting soil and there are the spaces of 1.5cm in nutrition rim of a cup
After strain blade loses and drips, 500 times of liquid of carbendazim that mass percent is 50% are sprayed, arched shed is built immediately and covers white agriculture
Film, surrounding are sternly sealed, and transplanting is completed.
Step 2.2: fertilising
After step 2.1 transplanting, mass percent was used to apply for 0.5% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution leaching every 17 days
Nursery stock 1 time, company applies 2 times；30 days after transplanting, mass percent is used to drench Shi Miaomu for 0.7% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution；
42 days after transplanting, mass percent was used to apply nursery stock 1 time for 1.0% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution leaching every 20 days, company applies
4 times.Wherein, in the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution, N, P in compound potassium sulfate fertilizer2O5And K2The mass percentage of O is
15%.
Step 2.3: membrane removal
52 days after step 2.1 transplanting, the white agricultural film on arched shed is removed, reinforces water drenching.
Step 2.4: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Step 2.4.1: stem rot
Using mass percent for 50% carbendazol wettable powder or mass percent is that 75% Bravo is wettable
Property 600 times of liquid of pulvis are prevented and treated by spraying, every 12 days 1 time；
Step 2.4.2: anthracnose
Before the onset or early stage, 700 times of liquid of carbendazim and 800 times of new high fat film that mass percent is 50% are sprayed
Liquid.The Bordeaux mixture is the mixed liquor of quick lime 1.0kg, sulfuric acid cave 1.0kg and water 200kg.
Period of disease, zinc thiazole and Bordeaux mixture, every 8-12 days 1 time, even spray 2 times；
Step 2.4.3: yellow-wing subterranean termite
Using pressure cigarette termiticide method or dig nest termiticide method.The pressure cigarette termiticide method, which refers to, is made fumicants ant repellant, will press
Cigarette device pipe the ants main way blocks other road junctions with mud, eliminates termite in nest.
Step 2.5: hardening
Since early October, the sunshade net covered on sunshade is gradually opened；
Step 2.6: be out of the garden field planting
After step 2.1 transplanting, by cultivation in 7-8 months, seedling to be transplanted grew into seedlings, height of seedling 65cm-
80cm, diameter are slightly 0.6cm-0.7cm, can be out of the garden.
Embodiment 4
The breeding method of the Camellia nitidissima container seedlings of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
Step 1: overhead layering seedling:
On the tree crown of common Camellia nitidissima elite stand, 1 year raw branch of robust growth is selected, is carried out using overhead layering method numerous
It grows, by the cultivation of 0.5-1.0, obtains press strip seedling.Wherein, the overhead layering method refers to the Camellia nitidissima excellent in kind
Adult plants tree crown middle and upper part, 1 year strong raw branch of selection growth key, the long 30-45cm of branch, the thick 0.6-0.8cm of diameter, in its branch
Upper carry out girdling is deep to forming layer, then the long 1.8-2.0cm of scarfing makees matrix wrapping with moss, takes root shape to 0.5-1.0
At the propagation method of plant.
Step 2: big seedling cultivation
Step 2.1: transplanting
Selecting the gradient is 5 ° of place as nursery lot, excavates gutter in the surrounding of nursery lot, the inside of nursery lot is opened
Shallow ridges is dug, sunshade is built and covers sunshade net.Wherein, the width in the gutter be 50cm, depth 60cm；It is described shallow
The width of ditch is 30cm, depth 25cm.
The press strip seedling for taking step 1 to obtain, for seedling to be transplanted；
Seedling to be transplanted is used into slurry root liquid root dipping 10s, obtains the transplanted seedling by starching root.Wherein, the slurry root liquid is
The paste being tuned into using root-growing agent 1.0ml, clear water 1000ml and loess 1000g.
Seedling medium is placed in nutrition cup, it is black that the specification of the nutrition cup, which is bore 15.0cm, the high 18.0cm of cup,
Color plastic cup or non-woven fabrics cup；The seedling medium is made of the raw material of following weight percent: table in loess 70%, broad-leaf forest
Soil 20%, river sand 9% and phosphate fertilizer 1%, pH value 5.0.
To be planted in nutrition cup by the transplanted seedling of slurry root, compacting soil and in nutrition rim of a cup there are the space of 1.5cm,
Nutrition cup is arranged in furrow and water of drenching, after plant leaf loses and drips, sprays the carbendazim 500 that mass percent is 50%
Times liquid, builds arched shed immediately and covers white agricultural film, and surrounding is sternly sealed, and completes transplanting.
Step 2.2: fertilising
After step 2.1 transplanting, mass percent was used to apply for 0.5% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution leaching every 13 days
Nursery stock 1 time, company applies 2 times；25 days after transplanting, mass percent is used to drench Shi Miaomu for 0.7% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution；
38 days after transplanting, mass percent was used to apply nursery stock 1 time for 1.0% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution leaching every 15 days, company applies
4 times.Wherein, in the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution, N, P in compound potassium sulfate fertilizer2O5And K2The mass percentage of O is
15%.
Step 2.3: membrane removal
48 days after step 2.1 transplanting, the white agricultural film on arched shed is removed, reinforces water drenching.
Step 2.4: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Step 2.4.1: stem rot
Mass percent is used to prevent and treat by spraying for 50% 700 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder, every 8 days 1 time；
Step 2.4.2: anthracnose
Before the onset or early stage, 700 times of liquid of carbendazim and 800 times of new high fat film that mass percent is 50% are sprayed
Liquid.The Bordeaux mixture is the mixed liquor of quick lime 1.0kg, sulfuric acid cave 1.0kg and water 200kg.
Period of disease sprays 800 times of liquid of zinc thiazole and new high fat film, every 8 days 1 time, even spray 2 times.
Step 2.4.3: yellow-wing subterranean termite
Using pressure cigarette termiticide method, the pressure cigarette termiticide method, which refers to, is made fumicants ant repellant, will press the main ant of cigarette device pipe
Road blocks other road junctions with mud, eliminates termite in nest.
Step 2.5: hardening
Since early October, the sunshade net covered on sunshade is gradually opened；
Step 2.6: be out of the garden field planting
After step 2.1 transplanting, by cultivation in 7-8 months, seedling to be transplanted grew into seedlings, height of seedling 65cm-
80cm, diameter are slightly 0.6cm-0.7cm, can be out of the garden.
Comparative test
Camellia nitidissima is carried out along breeding Co., Ltd Camellia nitidissima cultivation base in Beihai, Guangxi Hepu moral in April, 2014
Big seedling cultivation test.Four kinds of Camellia nitidissima sowing, cuttage, grafting, overhead layering seedlings are subjected to transplanting breedings into afforestation seedlings,
Test sets sunshade, epiphragma (present invention) after four kinds of small transplantation of seedlings, is separately sunshade after four kinds of small transplantation of seedlings, water spray, epiphragma is not (right
According to), i.e., 1 processing, 1 control is repeated 4 times.Obtained conclusion (of pressure testing) is as follows:
Using the method for the embodiment of the present invention 1, the outplanting rate for carrying out the seedlings that sowing seedling is cultivated is 91.23%, than existing
The outplanting rate for the seedlings for having the sowing seedling of technology to cultivate improves 69.23%.Plant percent is 95.32%, than existing skill
The survival rate for the seedlings that the sowing seedling of art is cultivated improves 65.35%.
Using the method for the embodiment of the present invention 2, the outplanting rate for carrying out the seedlings of cuttage seedling cultivation is 92.24%, than existing
The outplanting rate for the seedlings for having the cuttage seedling of technology to cultivate improves 69.65%.Plant percent is 97.38%, than existing skill
The survival rate for the seedlings that the cuttage seedling of art is cultivated improves 55.01%.
Using the method for the embodiment of the present invention 3, the outplanting rate for carrying out the seedlings that grafting seedling is cultivated is 91.06%, than existing
The outplanting rate for the seedlings for having the grafting seedling of technology to cultivate improves 73.18%.Plant percent is 96.95%, than existing skill
The survival rate for the seedlings that the grafting seedling of art is cultivated improves 44.59%.
Using the method for the embodiment of the present invention 4, the outplanting rate for carrying out the seedlings of overhead layering seedling cultivation is 90.90%,
Outplanting rate than the seedlings of the overhead layering seedling cultivation of the prior art improves 261.00%.Plant percent is 98.11%,
Survival rate than the seedlings of the overhead layering seedling cultivation of the prior art improves 150.85%.
It can be seen that the Camellia nitidissima seedlings cultivated using method of the invention, equal height of seedling reaches 65cm or more, the thick 0.6cm of diameter
More than, nursery stock rate reaches 90.90% or more, and nursery stock is sturdy, and growth is vigorous, and the planting survival rates that are out of the garden reach 98% or more,
Large batch of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings can be provided for forest economy development, to develop forest economy large-scale cultivation Camellia nitidissima container
Seedling improves the surrival rate of afforestation, guarantees that its high-yield and high-efficiency is made that template model.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of breeding method of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1: seedling is cultivated
Step 1.1: sowing seedling
Camellia nitidissima mature seed is taken, sand bed vernalization is carried out, when bud grows to 10cm-15cm, transplants in nutrition cup, obtains gold
Jasmine tea sows seedling；
Step 1.2: cuttage seedling
It takes Camellia nitidissima growth key strong, and the branch of lignifying or semi-lignified carries out cuttage, by cultivation in 8-13 months, obtains
To Camellia nitidissima cuttage seedling；
Step 1.3: grafting seedling
Anvil is made using Camellia Vietnamensis kind sprout, makees scion with the branch of Camellia nitidissima plant, is grafted, by training in 6-12 months
It educates, obtains golden flower tea Engraftment seedling；
Step 1.4: overhead layering seedling
On the tree crown of common Camellia nitidissima elite stand, 1 year raw branch of robust growth is selected, is bred using overhead layering method,
By the cultivation of 0.5-1.0, press strip seedling is obtained；
Step 2: big seedling cultivation
Step 2.1: transplanting
Selecting the gradient is 5 ° -10 ° of place as nursery lot, excavates gutter in the surrounding of nursery lot, the inside of nursery lot is opened
Shallow ridges is dug, sunshade is built and covers sunshade net；
The Camellia nitidissima for taking step 1.1 to obtain sows the gold that seedling, the Camellia nitidissima cuttage seedling that step 1.2 obtains, step 1.3 obtain
The press strip seedling that jasmine tea grafting seedling and step 1.4 obtain, for seedling to be transplanted；
Seedling to be transplanted is used into slurry root liquid root dipping 10s-15s, obtains the transplanted seedling by starching root；
Seedling medium is placed in nutrition cup, will plant the compacting soil and in nutrition cup in nutrition cup by the transplanted seedling of slurry root
There are spaces for mouth, and nutrition cup is arranged in furrow and water of drenching, and after plant leaf loses and drips, spraying mass percent is 50%
500 times of liquid of carbendazim, build arched shed immediately and cover white agricultural film, surrounding is sternly sealed, complete transplanting；
Step 2.2: fertilising
After step 2.1 transplanting, mass percent was used to apply for 0.5% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution leaching every 13-17 days
Nursery stock 1 time, company applies 2 times；25-30 days after transplanting, mass percent is used to apply seedling for 0.7% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution leaching
Wood；38-42 days after transplanting, mass percent was used to drench Shi Miaomu for 1.0% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer aqueous solution every 15-20 days
1 time, company applies 4 times；
Step 2.3: membrane removal
48-52 days after step 2.1 transplanting, the white agricultural film on arched shed is removed, reinforces water drenching；
Step 2.4: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Step 2.5: hardening
Since early October, the sunshade net covered on sunshade is gradually opened；
Step 2.6: be out of the garden field planting
After step 2.1 transplanting, by cultivation in 7-8 months, seedling to be transplanted grew into seedlings, can be out of the garden.
2. the breeding method of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1.1, the sand
Bed vernalization refers to that before vernalization, river sand is transported to interior by 1d, is made into the sand bed of wide 1.0m, long 6.0m, spreads one in sand bed bottom first
The thin river sand of layer 15cm thickness, and smooth good, the thin river sand of liquor potassic permanganate spray for being 0.2% with mass concentration carries out disinfection place
Reason；It by the evenly laid out Shamian Island of Camellia nitidissima mature seed, is mutually staggered between seed and seed, then one layer of 2cm-3cm thickness of lid again
Clean thin river sand, water of drenching carry out stratification, river sand water content remain tide without wet；The specification of the nutrition cup is mouth
Diameter 10.0cm, the high 12.0cm of cup are black plastic cup or non-woven fabrics cup.
3. the breeding method of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1.2, the gold
The height of seedling of jasmine tea cuttage seedling is 20cm-30cm.
4. the breeding method of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1.4, the height
The empty planting of layer refers to the Camellia nitidissima adult plants tree crown middle and upper part excellent in kind, and selection grows 1 year strong raw branch of key, and branch is long
30-45cm, the thick 0.6-0.8cm of diameter, carries out girdling on its branch, is deep to forming layer, then the long 1.8-2.0cm of scarfing uses tongue fur
Moss makees matrix wrapping, takes root for forming the propagation method of plant to 0.5-1.0.
5. the breeding method of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 2.1, the row
The width in ditch is 50cm, depth 60cm-80cm；The width of the shallow ridges is 30cm, depth 25cm-45cm；The slurry
Root liquid is the paste being tuned into using root-growing agent 1.0m l, clear water 1000ml and loess 1000g.
6. the breeding method of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 2.1, the battalion
The specification for supporting cup is bore 15.0cm, the high 18.0cm of cup, is black plastic cup or non-woven fabrics cup；The seedling medium by weighing as follows
The raw material of amount percentage is made: surface soil 20%, river sand 9% and phosphate fertilizer 1% in loess 70%, broad-leaf forest, pH value 5.0, or by
The raw material of following weight percent is made: surface soil 19% and phosphate fertilizer 1%, pH value 5.0 in sandy soil 80%, broad-leaf forest；It is described
Nutrition rim of a cup is 1.5cm there are the height in space.
7. the breeding method of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 2.2, the sulphur
In sour K composite fertilizer aqueous solution, N, P in compound potassium sulfate fertilizer2O5And K2The mass percentage of O is 15%.
8. the breeding method of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 2.4, the disease
The specific method of pest control:
Step 2.4.1: stem rot
Using mass percent for 50% 700 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder or mass percent is that 75% Bravo can
600 times of liquid of wet powder are prevented and treated by spraying, every 8-12 days 1 time；
Step 2.4.2: anthracnose
Before the onset or early stage, 800 times of liquid of 700 times of liquid of carbendazim and new high fat film that mass percent is 50% are sprayed；Hair
Stadium sprays 800 times of liquid of zinc thiazole and new high fat film or zinc thiazole and Bordeaux mixture, every 8-12 days 1 time, even spray 2 times；
Step 2.4.3: yellow-wing subterranean termite
Using pressure cigarette termiticide method or dig nest termiticide method.
9. the breeding method of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings according to claim 8, which is characterized in that described in step 2.4.2
Bordeaux mixture is the mixed liquor of quick lime 1.0kg, sulfuric acid cave 1.0kg and water 200kg；In step 2.4.3, the pressure cigarette termiticide method
Refer to and fumicants is made in ant repellant, cigarette device pipe the ants main way will be pressed, blocks other road junctions with mud, eliminate termite in nest.
10. the breeding method of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step 2.6
The height of seedling of seedlings is 65cm-80cm, diameter is slightly 0.6cm-0.7cm.
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| CN113229045A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-08-10 | 哈尔滨市康隆药业有限责任公司 | Two-stage seedling raising method for savatier monochasma |
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