CN102986445A - Process for cutting thick branches of golden camellia - Google Patents
Process for cutting thick branches of golden camellia Download PDFInfo
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- CN102986445A CN102986445A CN2012105865653A CN201210586565A CN102986445A CN 102986445 A CN102986445 A CN 102986445A CN 2012105865653 A CN2012105865653 A CN 2012105865653A CN 201210586565 A CN201210586565 A CN 201210586565A CN 102986445 A CN102986445 A CN 102986445A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a process for cutting thick branches of golden camellia. The process comprises the steps of (1) applying fertilizer to a seed golden camellia; (2) conducting gibberellin treatment on the seed tree, wherein gibberellin is sprayed on leaf surfaces of the seed tree; (3) conducting lateral branch girdling treatment, wherein a lateral branch is selected for girdling, an ABT rooting powder solution is daubed on a girdling opening, and the girdling opening is wrapped in a plastic cloth; (4) conducting cuttage branch shearing and pretreatment, wherein the cutting branch is cut, soaks in the ABT rooting powder solution for 5-15h and then is sterilized; (5) conducting seed bed building and cuttage, wherein peat soil is laid firstly for bottoming, then acid red soil is laid, finally, granular perlite particles are laid, and cuttage is conducted as per the conventional method; and (6) conducting cuttage nursery garden management. The process for cutting thick branches of golden camellia has the advantages that the cuttage branch rooting time can be brought forward, the cutting seedling survival rate can exceed 95%, the transplanting rate can exceed 90%, the operation is simple, the large-scale intensive breeding production of golden camellia seedlings can be facilitated, and the breeding speed of the golden camellia can be accelerated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the thick branch of a kind of golden flower tea tree cottage method.
Background technology
Camellia nitidissima is evergreen shrubs or dungarunga, high 2 ~ 6m, and the bark canescence, level and smooth, the leaf alternate, wide lanceolar is to oblong.Spend single leave armpit or nearly top to give birth to, spend golden yellow, cup-shaped, gyalectiform or bowl-shape when open, footpath 3 ~ 3.5cm; 9 ~ 11 pieces on petal, wealthy avette circular to obovate or square, meat, tool wax gloss; March in November at florescence to next year.Capsule triangular shape oblate spheroid, yellow green or puce.Cuttage is a kind of propagation method commonly used that cultivates plants.(claiming plugged ear at gardening) such as stem that can the clip certain plants, leaf, root, buds, or insert in the soil, in the sand, or be immersed in the water, just can plant after by the time taking root, make it to become independently newly plant.In agriculture and forestry are produced, during different plant cuttage condition there are different demands.Understand and comply with their demand, could obtain higher breeding success rate.
In order to obtain a large amount of Camellia nitidissima nursery stocks, people have carried out breeding in enormous quantities by the whole bag of tricks, mode.At present, Camellia nitidissima mainly is to breed by methods such as cuttage, press strip, group training and graftings.Traditional cottage method is mostly to use red heart soil as the breeding matrix of plugged ear, because red heart soil hardens, ponding, in production management process, rots and dead seedling such as the Camellia nitidissima plugged ear that injection flow rate too much can cause being inserted in the matrix; Yet such as injection flow rate very little, the plugged ear of Camellia nitidissima can not keep it fresh and alive, also can be because its leaf, limb must dry up dead seedling; Camellia nitidissima belongs to difficult breeding kind, and its reproductive process cycle is long, and its survival rate only was 20 ~ 30% when the defective in the production management made traditional Camellia nitidissima cottage propagation.
Have in recent years that the human quality is light, good permeability, be not easy ponding the materials such as perlite as seedling medium, solved the Camellia nitidissima plugged ear in management process for keep transplanting a cutting fresh and alive and many water sprays, but be unlikely to that Camellia nitidissima fringe base portion can rot and seedling extremely.By such method, measure can obviously improve the survival rate of Camellia nitidissima plugged ear, but the method water requirement in production management process is large, breeds also must move behind the seedling to install in the nutrition cup, and operation is various, operation cost is high.By the tissue culture propagation Camellia nitidissima, need to drop into a lot of funds and purchase professional facilities and equipment, make up culturing room etc., simultaneously, tissue culture technology is very professional, and common people are difficult to grasp.Group training seedling needs by a lot of programs from being inoculated into to emerge, so, produce Tissue Culture Seedings of Chrysantha not only the cycle long, and operation cost height.
Use the method for press strip and breed Camellia nitidissima, the planting percent of nursery stock is higher.But propagation by layering can only be made the propagation by layering material, material therefor when having limited to seedling propagation like this by choosing the thick larger vegetative shoot in footpath.In addition, after taking root by the Camellia nitidissima branch section of press strip method breeding, its section need to be separated maternal plant and move that to install to nutrition cup (bag) inner again, various equally by its operation of breeding of press strip, operation cost is also higher.
Such as patent 201210158282.9, announced a kind of method of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture, specifically comprise: realize both saving the infrastructure input by making up small-sized seedling growth greenhouse, control easily again seedling canopy humidity; In the place of growing seedlings, set up the aerosol system that is formed by humidity controller table, ultrasonic humidifier, water storage basin, ambient humidity in the seedling raising process, sterilization reach to the nurseries’ supplies nutrient solution can control humidifier accurately and automatic the supply by the humidity controller table, automaticity is high, increases substantially operating efficiency; Water-loss reducer with height suction multiple will get up into solid shape thimerosal by thimerosal absorption and curing that carbendazim is prepared from, and form seedling medium with yellow soil, thin river sand, and solid shape thimerosal is sustainable to carry out nursing in 1~2 month to plugged ear; Also comprise Camellia nitidissima branch sampling and processing method in the implementation process, the method for seedling management and process.The method of this invention jasmine tea cuttage and seedling culture has the high advantage of automaticity, but because it need to set up complicated system, exists to be unfavorable for promoting the use and the shortcoming such as cost height, complex procedures, need nutrition supply, survival rate of seedling be not high.
Such as patent 200810073648.6, announced a kind of propagation method of camellia chrysantha young anvil grafting, this propagation method is: select the common oil tea cultivating seeds children anvil in the oil tea species, before grafting, put up cool canopy in order to shading at the nursery lot of cultivating stock, take the seedling at 3~6 monthly ages as stock, carry out grafting in the suitable phenophase of Camellia nitidissima, scion uses the Camellia nitidissima semi-lignified to complete lignified branch, encircle immediately the plastic film cover moisturizing after the grafting, and carry out that rudiment is wiped out, the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect.The shortcomings such as this invention exists survival rate not high, and needs to cultivate seedling stock increasing cost, and cultivation period is elongated.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to remedy the deficiency of existing Camellia nitidissima breeding method (cuttage, press strip, group training and grafting), and the thick branch of the golden flower tea tree cottage method that a kind of survival rate is high, be easy to apply is provided.The method key is that Camellia nitidissima elite stand branch is cultivated, and obtains being fit to the branch of cuttage, and cuttage survival rate is improved, and shortens cuttage branch rootage duration, and survival rate can reach more than 95%, and outplanting rate is more than 90%; And easy and simple to handle, be convenient to the scale of Camellia nitidissima sapling, intensive breeding production, be beneficial to and apply, accelerate Camellia nitidissima and breed speed.
For realizing the thick branch of a kind of golden flower tea tree of the present invention cottage method, following technical scheme has been proposed.The thick branch of a kind of golden flower tea tree cottage method is characterized in that procedure of processing comprises:
(1) Camellia nitidissima elite stand fertilising: front 4 ~ 6 months of cuttage, the Camellia nitidissima elite stand is applied fertilizer;
(2) gibberellin of Camellia nitidissima elite stand is processed: front 1 ~ 3 month of cuttage, and with gibberellin spraying Camellia nitidissima elite stand blade face, spray pattern is intermittent spray;
(3) the side shoot band girdle is processed: front 10 ~ 30 days of cuttage, choose side shoot on the Camellia nitidissima elite stand to its ringing, and smear band girdle mouth with the ABT rooting powder solution afterwards, wrap up band girdle mouth with Polypropylence Sheet;
(4) the cuttage secateurs is got and is processed: the side shoot after clip step 3) band girdle is processed, and behind ABT rooting powder solution immersion 5 ~ 15h, sterilization obtains the cuttage branch;
(5) seedbed is set up and cuttage: the seedbed is established as carries out the soil layering place mat, and nursery soil comprises: peat soil, acid red loam, granular solid matter perlite, and the cuttage branch cuttage that step 4) is obtained is on the seedbed;
(6) cuttage nursery bed management: carry out trickle, weeding, fertilising, hardening, transplanting nursery bed management after cuttage is complete.
The thick branch of above-described a kind of golden flower tea tree cottage method is characterized in that described its age of tree of Camellia nitidissima elite stand is 10 years, and fertilizing amount is every strain 5 ~ 10g composite fertilizer; Its concentration of described gibberellin is 80 ~ 150ppm; Described intermittent spray is spraying 2 ~ 3 times, every spray in 5 ~ 10 days once.
The thick branch of above-described a kind of golden flower tea tree cottage method is characterized in that described side shoot diameter is 0.5 ~ 1.5cm; Its width of described ringing is 0.5 ~ 1.5cm; Described ABT rooting powder solution concentration is 300 ~ 450ppm; Described its length of cuttage branch is 25 ~ 50cm; Described sterilization is for using 800 times of liquid disinfectants of thiophanate methyl.
The thick branch of above-described a kind of golden flower tea tree cottage method, it is characterized in that described soil layering place mat is that place mat has three-layer soil: bottom is the thick peat soil of 8 ~ 15cm, and the middle level is the thick acid red loam of 15 ~ 25cm, and the upper strata is the thick granular solid matter perlite of 4 ~ 8cm.Sheltering from heat or light with shade density 75% shade net after setting up in the nursery, carries out cuttage according to the normal cutting propagation method.
The thick branch of above-described a kind of golden flower tea tree cottage method is characterized in that, described trickle is for making soil moisture content keep 15 ~ 20%; Described hardening is carried out the daylight hardening after being golden camellia well developed root system length 〉=12cm.
The step of the above cuttage nursery bed management comprises: (1) trickle: the sufficient water of immediately disposable pouring after cuttage is complete, use tiny water mist sprinkling, and evenly to spray, soil moisture content keeps 15 ~ 20%, relative air humidity 85 ~ 90%.Forbid that many sprays make soil moisture content saturated, otherwise cuttage position blackout cuttage seeding is dead.(2) weeding: the nursery regularly weeds a garden, and prevents that weeds from affecting growth of cuttage seedlings.(3) cuttage seeding was taken root rear 1 month, and well developed root system can apply fertilizer after being about 10cm.(4) autumn hardening: dismountable part shade net during the Camellia nitidissima well developed root system, daylight hardening, 2 months hardening time.(5) transplant: the nursery water of drenching can be with native lifting.
The inventive method has produced following good benefit: the front elite stand of (1) cuttage carries out the gibberellin processing and side shoot carries out the band girdle processing, can suppress flower bud differentiation, makes branch accumulate nutrition, the branch nutrient does not run off, branch is more healthy, regulating plant metabolism intensity, and cuttage seeding is easier takes root.(2) peat soil is laid in the bottom, seedbed, can improve soil permeability, and the top layer is laid grain of rice shape particle perlite and can be kept soil surface dry and comfortable, prevents from producing germ because of moist environment.(3) cuttage seeding can be in then cuttage in 10 ~ November, and can go out root April next year, goes out root July fully, can go out the garden October, and the cycle is 1 year, so that the cuttage seeding well developed root system, the nursery stock cuttage survival rate can reach more than 95%, and outplanting rate is more than 90%, and transplanting survival rate is high.(4) method of operating of the present invention is easy, is beneficial to and applies, and is convenient to the scale of Camellia nitidissima sapling, intensive breeding production, accelerates Camellia nitidissima and breeds speed
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. its method flow diagram of the thick branch of a kind of golden flower tea tree cottage method.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 and embodiment below in conjunction with description of drawings further describe the thick branch of a kind of golden flower tea tree of the present invention cottage method, and these descriptions are not that content of the present invention is done further to limit.
Embodiment 1
Material is prepared: gibberellin, ABT root-inducing powder, Girding cutter, scissors, composite fertilizer, peat soil, particle perlite, shade density 75% shade net.
Camellia nitidissima elite stand fertilising: front 5 months of cuttage, apply fertilizer every strain 5 ~ 10g composite fertilizer to adopting 10 years elite stands of the branch Camellia nitidissima age of tree.The gibberellin of Camellia nitidissima elite stand is processed: front 2 months of cuttage, and elite stand to be carried out gibberellin process, its concentration of mycin is 120ppm, adopts intermittent spray to be spraying 2 times, every spray in 5 days once.The side shoot band girdle is processed: front 25 days of cuttage, the branch that carry out cuttage is carried out ringing, and the side shoot diameter is 0.8cm, its width of ringing is 1.2cm, rear ABT rooting powder solution with 400ppm is smeared band girdle mouth, wraps up band girdle mouth with Polypropylence Sheet, with binders such as Polypropylence Sheets band girdle mouth is wrapped.The cuttage secateurs is got and is processed: the side shoot after the clip band girdle is processed, and its length of cuttage branch is 25cm, behind the ABT rooting powder solution immersion 6h with 400ppm, sterilization obtains the cuttage branch, sterilizes as using 800 times of liquid disinfectants of thiophanate methyl.
The seedbed is set up and cuttage: the seedbed spreads first the bottoming of 8cm peat soil, repaves 20cm acid red loam, spreads at last 7cm granular solid matter perlite, and sheltering from heat or light with shade density 75% shade net in the nursery, carries out cuttage according to the normal cutting propagation method.
Cuttage nursery bed management: (1) trickle: the sufficient water of immediately disposable pouring after cuttage is complete, use tiny water mist sprinkling, evenly to spray, soil moisture content keeps 158%, relative air humidity 85 ~ 90%.Forbid that many sprays make soil moisture content saturated, otherwise cuttage position blackout cuttage seeding is dead.(2) weeding: the nursery regularly weeds a garden, and prevents that weeds from affecting growth of cuttage seedlings.(3) cuttage seeding was taken root rear 1 month, and well developed root system can apply fertilizer behind the long 10cm.(4) autumn hardening: dismountable part shade net during the Camellia nitidissima well developed root system, the daylight hardening, behind the golden camellia well developed root system length 〉=12cm, 2 months hardening time.(5) transplant: the nursery water of drenching can be with native lifting.
Present embodiment nursery stock cuttage survival rate can reach 96%, outplanting rate 90.7%, and transplanting survival rate is high.
Embodiment 2
Material is prepared: with embodiment 1.
Camellia nitidissima elite stand fertilising: front 4 months of cuttage, apply fertilizer every strain 5 ~ 10g composite fertilizer to adopting 10 years elite stands of the branch Camellia nitidissima age of tree.The gibberellin of Camellia nitidissima elite stand is processed: front 1 month of cuttage, and elite stand to be carried out gibberellin process, its concentration of mycin is 100ppm, adopts intermittent spray to be spraying 3 times, every spray in 6 days once.The side shoot band girdle is processed: front 20 days of cuttage, the branch that carry out cuttage is carried out ringing, and the side shoot diameter is 1.2cm, its width of ringing is 0.7cm, rear ABT rooting powder solution with 350ppm is smeared band girdle mouth, wraps up band girdle mouth with Polypropylence Sheet, with binders such as Polypropylence Sheets band girdle mouth is wrapped.The cuttage secateurs is got and is processed: the side shoot after the clip band girdle is processed, and its length of cuttage branch is 45cm, behind the ABT rooting powder solution immersion 12h with 350ppm, sterilization obtains the cuttage branch, sterilizes as using 800 times of liquid disinfectants of thiophanate methyl.
The seedbed is set up and cuttage: the seedbed spreads first the bottoming of 12cm peat soil, repaves 22cm acid red loam, spreads at last 5cm granular solid matter perlite, and sheltering from heat or light with shade density 75% shade net in the nursery, carries out cuttage according to the normal cutting propagation method.
The cuttage nursery bed management: trickle makes soil moisture content keep 17%, relative air humidity 85 ~ 90%.All the other cuttage nursery management process are identical with embodiment 1.
Present embodiment nursery stock cuttage survival rate can reach 95.5%, outplanting rate 90.8%, and transplanting survival rate is high.
Embodiment 3
Material is prepared: with embodiment 1.
Camellia nitidissima elite stand fertilising: front 5 months of cuttage, apply fertilizer every strain 5 ~ 10g composite fertilizer to adopting 10 years elite stands of the branch Camellia nitidissima age of tree.The gibberellin of Camellia nitidissima elite stand is processed: front 3 months of cuttage, and elite stand to be carried out gibberellin process, its concentration of mycin is 80ppm, adopts intermittent spray to be spraying 2 times, every spray in 8 days once.The side shoot band girdle is processed: front 30 days of cuttage, the branch that carry out cuttage is carried out ringing, and the side shoot diameter is 0.6cm, its width of ringing is 0.5cm, rear ABT rooting powder solution with 425ppm is smeared band girdle mouth, wraps up band girdle mouth with Polypropylence Sheet, with binders such as Polypropylence Sheets band girdle mouth is wrapped.The cuttage secateurs is got and is processed: the side shoot after the clip band girdle is processed, and its length of cuttage branch is 30cm, behind the ABT rooting powder solution immersion 5h with 425ppm, sterilization obtains the cuttage branch, sterilizes as using 800 times of liquid disinfectants of thiophanate methyl.
The seedbed is set up and cuttage: the seedbed spreads first the bottoming of 10cm peat soil, repaves 18cm acid red loam, spreads at last 4cm granular solid matter perlite, and sheltering from heat or light with shade density 75% shade net in the nursery, carries out cuttage according to the normal cutting propagation method.
The cuttage nursery bed management: trickle makes soil moisture content keep 15%, relative air humidity 85 ~ 90%.All the other cuttage nursery management process are identical with embodiment 1.
Present embodiment nursery stock cuttage survival rate can reach 97%, outplanting rate 92%, and transplanting survival rate is high.
Embodiment 4
Material is prepared: with embodiment 1.
Camellia nitidissima elite stand fertilising: front 6 months of cuttage, apply fertilizer every strain 5 ~ 10g composite fertilizer to adopting 10 years elite stands of the branch Camellia nitidissima age of tree.The gibberellin of Camellia nitidissima elite stand is processed: front 2 months of cuttage, and elite stand to be carried out gibberellin process, its concentration of mycin is 140ppm, adopts intermittent spray to be spraying 3 times, every spray in 10 days once.The side shoot band girdle is processed: front 10 days of cuttage, the branch that carry out cuttage is carried out ringing, and the side shoot diameter is 0.5cm, its width of ringing is 0.9cm, rear ABT rooting powder solution with 300ppm is smeared band girdle mouth, wraps up band girdle mouth with Polypropylence Sheet, with binders such as Polypropylence Sheets band girdle mouth is wrapped.The cuttage secateurs is got and is processed: the side shoot after the clip band girdle is processed, and its length of cuttage branch is 50cm, behind the ABT rooting powder solution immersion 8h with 300ppm, sterilization obtains the cuttage branch, sterilizes as using 800 times of liquid disinfectants of thiophanate methyl.
The seedbed is set up and cuttage: the seedbed spreads first the bottoming of 13cm peat soil, repaves 15cm acid red loam, spreads at last 8cm granular solid matter perlite, and sheltering from heat or light with shade density 75% shade net in the nursery, carries out cuttage according to the normal cutting propagation method.
The cuttage nursery bed management: trickle makes soil moisture content keep 20%, relative air humidity 85 ~ 90%.All the other cuttage nursery management process are identical with embodiment 1.
Present embodiment nursery stock cuttage survival rate can reach 96%, outplanting rate 90.5%, and transplanting survival rate is high.
Embodiment 5
Material is prepared: with embodiment 1.
Camellia nitidissima elite stand fertilising: front 4 months of cuttage, apply fertilizer every strain 5 ~ 10g composite fertilizer to adopting 10 years elite stands of the branch Camellia nitidissima age of tree.The gibberellin of Camellia nitidissima elite stand is processed: front 3 months of cuttage, and elite stand to be carried out gibberellin process, its concentration of mycin is 150ppm, adopts intermittent spray to be spraying 3 times, every spray in 10 days once.The side shoot band girdle is processed: front 10 days of cuttage, the branch that carry out cuttage is carried out ringing, and the side shoot diameter is 1.5cm, its width of ringing is 1.5cm, rear ABT rooting powder solution with 450ppm is smeared band girdle mouth, wraps up band girdle mouth with Polypropylence Sheet, with binders such as Polypropylence Sheets band girdle mouth is wrapped.The cuttage secateurs is got and is processed: the side shoot after the clip band girdle is processed, and its length of cuttage branch is 35cm, behind the ABT rooting powder solution immersion 15h with 450ppm, sterilization obtains the cuttage branch, sterilizes as using 800 times of liquid disinfectants of thiophanate methyl.
The seedbed is set up and cuttage: the seedbed spreads first the bottoming of 15cm peat soil, repaves 25cm acid red loam, spreads at last 6cm granular solid matter perlite, and sheltering from heat or light with shade density 75% shade net in the nursery, carries out cuttage according to the normal cutting propagation method.
The cuttage nursery bed management: trickle makes soil moisture content keep 16%, relative air humidity 85 ~ 90%.All the other cuttage nursery management process are identical with embodiment 1.
Present embodiment nursery stock cuttage survival rate can reach 95.0%, outplanting rate 90.0%, and transplanting survival rate is high.
Claims (7)
1. the thick branch of golden flower tea tree cottage method is characterized in that procedure of processing comprises:
(1) Camellia nitidissima elite stand fertilising: front 4 ~ 6 months of cuttage, the Camellia nitidissima elite stand is applied fertilizer;
(2) gibberellin of Camellia nitidissima elite stand is processed: front 1 ~ 3 month of cuttage, and with gibberellin spraying Camellia nitidissima elite stand blade face, spray pattern is intermittent spray;
(3) the side shoot band girdle is processed: front 10 ~ 30 days of cuttage, choose side shoot on the Camellia nitidissima elite stand to its ringing, and smear band girdle mouth with the ABT rooting powder solution afterwards, wrap up band girdle mouth with Polypropylence Sheet;
(4) the cuttage secateurs is got and is processed: the side shoot after clip step 3) band girdle is processed, and behind ABT rooting powder solution immersion 5 ~ 15h, sterilization obtains the cuttage branch;
(5) seedbed is set up and cuttage: the seedbed is established as carries out the soil layering place mat, and nursery soil comprises: peat soil, acid red loam, granular solid matter perlite, and the cuttage branch cuttage that step 4) is obtained is on the seedbed;
(6) cuttage nursery bed management: carry out trickle, weeding, fertilising, hardening, transplanting nursery bed management after cuttage is complete.
2. the thick branch of a kind of golden flower tea tree according to claim 1 cottage method is characterized in that its concentration of described gibberellin is 80 ~ 150ppm; Described intermittent spray is spraying 2 ~ 3 times, every spray in 5 ~ 10 days once.
3. the thick branch of a kind of golden flower tea tree according to claim 1 and 2 cottage method is characterized in that described side shoot diameter is 0.5 ~ 1.5cm; Its width of described ringing is 0.5 ~ 1.5cm; Described its concentration of ABT rooting powder solution is 300 ~ 450ppm; Described its length of cuttage branch is 25 ~ 50cm.
4. the thick branch of a kind of golden flower tea tree according to claim 1 cottage method, it is characterized in that, described soil layering place mat is that place mat has three-layer soil: bottom is the thick peat soil of 8 ~ 15cm, and the middle level is the thick acid red loam of 15 ~ 25cm, and the upper strata is the thick granular solid matter perlite of 4 ~ 8cm.
5. the thick branch of a kind of golden flower tea tree according to claim 3 cottage method, it is characterized in that, described soil layering place mat is that place mat has three-layer soil: bottom is the thick peat soil of 8 ~ 15cm, and the middle level is the thick acid red loam of 15 ~ 25cm, and the upper strata is the thick granular solid matter perlite of 4 ~ 8cm.
6. according to claim 1, the thick branch of 2,4,5 arbitrary described a kind of golden flower tea trees cottage method, it is characterized in that described trickle is for making soil moisture content maintenance 15 ~ 20%; Described hardening is carried out the daylight hardening after being golden camellia well developed root system length 〉=12cm.
7. the thick branch of a kind of golden flower tea tree according to claim 3 cottage method is characterized in that, described trickle is for making soil moisture content keep 15 ~ 20%; Described hardening is carried out the daylight hardening after being golden camellia well developed root system length 〉=12cm.
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