CN102657014A - Method for raising golden camellia seedlings by cutting - Google Patents
Method for raising golden camellia seedlings by cutting Download PDFInfo
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- CN102657014A CN102657014A CN2012101582829A CN201210158282A CN102657014A CN 102657014 A CN102657014 A CN 102657014A CN 2012101582829 A CN2012101582829 A CN 2012101582829A CN 201210158282 A CN201210158282 A CN 201210158282A CN 102657014 A CN102657014 A CN 102657014A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for raising golden camellia seedlings by cutting. The method is specifically characterized in that: through constructing a small seedling raising greenhouse, an effect of both saving the investment on infrastructures and easily controlling the humidity of the seedling raising greenhouse is achieved; an aerial fog system consisting of a humidity control instrument, an ultrasonic humidifier and a water storage basin is established in a seedling raising yard, so that the environmental humidity, the disinfection and an action of supplying a nutrient solution for nursery stocks in the process of seedling raising can be precisely and automatically supplied by the humidifier controlled by the humidity control instrument, therefore, the degree of automation is high, and the work efficiency is greatly improved; a disinfectant prepared from carbendazim is absorbed by a high-absorption-power water-retaining agent and then solidified into a solid disinfectant, the solid disinfectant, yellow subsoil and fine river sand constitute a seedling raising medium, and the solid disinfectant can sustainably carry out nursing on cutting slips for 1-2 months; and the implementation process also comprises a method for collecting and treating branches of golden camellia, a seedling raising management method and a seedling raising management process. Through the implementation of the invention, the factorized, large-scale and intensified breeding production of nursery stocks of golden camellia is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the new technical field of a plant species asexual reproduction method, be specifically related to a kind of method of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture.
Technical background
Golden camellia is a kind of ancient and very rare plant, and it is equally celebrated for their achievements with silver-colored China fir, spinulose tree fern, dove tree etc. precious " plant living fossil ", is one of eight kinds of first-grade state protection plants of China; Also be rare in the world rare species and global famous and precious ornamental plants, be described as " vegetative kingdom giant panda ", " queen of tea family ".
Camellia nitidissima not only can be viewed and admired, and the most important thing is that its flower, Ye Douke are used as medicine.Detection shows that Camellia nitidissima contains more than the 400 kind of nutriment to the human body beneficial through authoritative institution, is rich in multiple natural nutrition compositions such as Tea Polyphenols, total saponin, general flavone, tea polysaccharide, Tea Pigment, caffeine, vitamin, amino acid; And human body had natural organic germanium (Ge), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn), the vanadium various trace elements such as (V) of important health-care effect, be one of plant that occurring in nature is medicinal, nutritive value is the abundantest.
The Camellia nitidissima whole body is precious, so popularity of Camellia nitidissima and attention are to improve day by day, its development of market utilization in recent years is very active, and exploitation face also more and more widely.At present; The dried flower market sale price of Camellia nitidissima is 2～40,000 yuan/kilogram; And the market sale price of its cured leaf sheet also has 2～4,000 yuan/kilogram, produces the plantation Camellia nitidissima, and economic benefit very significantly; Also just attracted numerous plantation family development plantation Camellia nitidissima thus, caused that the Camellia nitidissima nursery stock is in short supply day by day in recent years.In the Camellia nitidissima original producton location, some locals ignores a large amount of felling of the ban of government and excavates wild Camellia nitidissima nursery stock, makes the resource of wild Camellia nitidissima seedling receive heavy damage, and the population quantity of Camellia nitidissima also reduces year by year.
In order to obtain a large amount of Camellia nitidissima nursery stocks, people have carried out breeding in enormous quantities through the whole bag of tricks, mode.At present, Camellia nitidissima mainly is to breed through methods such as cuttage, press strip, group training and graftings.Traditional cottage method is mostly to be to use red heart soil as the substrate for breeding of inserting fringe, because red heart soil hardens, ponding, in production management process, the slotting fringe of Camellia nitidissima that too much can cause being inserted in the matrix like injection flow rate rots and dead seedling; Yet like injection flow rate very little, the slotting fringe of Camellia nitidissima can not keep it fresh and alive, also can be because of the withered of its leaf, limb dead seedling; Camellia nitidissima belongs to difficult breeding kind, and its reproductive process cycle is long, and its survival rate was merely 20～30% when the defective in the production management made traditional Camellia nitidissima cottage propagation.
In recent years; Have that the human quality is light, materials such as good permeability, the perlite that is not easy ponding or vermiculite are as seedling medium; Solved Camellia nitidissima insert fringe in management process for keep transplanting a cutting fresh and alive and many water sprays, but be unlikely to that Camellia nitidissima fringe base portion can rot and seedling extremely.Can obviously improve the survival rate that Camellia nitidissima inserts fringe through such method, measure, but this method water requirement in production management process is big, breeds also must move behind the seedling and install in the nutrient cup, operation is various, operation cost is high.
Through the tissue culture propagation Camellia nitidissima, need to drop into a lot of funds and purchase professional facilities and equipment, make up culturing room etc., simultaneously, tissue culture technology is specialty very, and common people are difficult to grasp.Tissue cultivating seedling needs through a lot of programs from being inoculated into to emerge, so, produce the Camellia nitidissima tissue cultivating seedling not only the cycle long, and operation cost height.
Use the method for press strip and breed Camellia nitidissima, the planting percent of nursery stock is higher.But propagation by layering can only be made the propagation by layering material, material therefor when having limited to seedling propagation like this through choosing the thick bigger vegetative shoot in footpath.In addition, after taking root through the Camellia nitidissima branch section of press strip method breeding, also need its section be separated maternal plant and move and install to nutrient cup (bag) lining, various equally through its operation of breeding of press strip, operation cost is relatively also than higher.
Application number is 200810073648.6 " propagation method of camellia chrysantha young anvil grafting "; The propagation method that this invention proposed is: select the common oil tea cultivating seeds children anvil in the oil tea species for use; Before grafting, put up cool canopy in order to shading at the nursery lot of cultivating stock; Seedling with 3～6 monthly ages is a stock, carries out grafting in the suitable phenophase of Camellia nitidissima, and scion is with Camellia nitidissima semi-lignified to complete lignified branch; Encircle plastic film cover after the grafting immediately and preserve moisture, and carry out that rudiment is wiped out, the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect.The propagation method of this invention not only has characteristics such as cultivation period is short, simple to operate, cost is low; And solved Camellia nitidissima big stock grafting breeding and be difficult for scale, the stock problems such as difficulty of drawing materials, and can effectively reduce the propagation by grafiting material deterioration inside, improve the economic worth of Camellia nitidissima exploitation.But through the Camellia nitidissima nursery stock that cultivates after the grafting, the Hua Heye of later nursery stock institute output, its medical value can change, and quality is more very different than wild.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is exactly to overcome the deficiency of prior art and method that brand-new a kind of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture is provided.Specifically comprise: through making up small-sized seedling growth greenhouse, both saved the input of infrastructure, and controlled the humidity of seedling canopy again easily; In the place of growing seedlings, set up the aerosol system of forming by humidity controller table, ultrasonic humidifier, water storage basin; Ambient humidity in the seedling raising process, sterilization and can control humidifier through the humidity controller table to the nurseries nutrient solution and supply with automatically; Automaticity is high; Increase substantially operating efficiency; It is in the scope that sets that the ambient humidity of being controlled can accurately be controlled at the people, sterilization and humidifier will be sterilized, nutrient liquid atomizing is 1～5 micron ultramicron during nutrition supply, and effect is better when making sterilization, nutrition supply; Water-loss reducer with high suction multiple will get up into the solid, shaped thimerosal thimerosal absorption and curing that carbendazim is prepared from, and form seedling medium with yellow soil, thin river sand, and the solid, shaped thimerosal is sustainable to carry out nursing in 1～2 month to inserting fringe; Also comprise collection of Camellia nitidissima branch and processing method in the implementation process, the method for seedling management and process.
Reach applied humidity controller table described in the present invention, it is made up of humidity controller table and moisture probe; Moisture probe is placed in the place of growing seedlings, and the humidity parameter in the place of growing seedlings is to feed back to the humidity instrument by moisture probe; When utilization humidity controller table controls environment humidity; At first according to growing seedlings the needed humidity parameter in place; On the humidity instrument, configure this parameter, when the space in the place of growing seedlings humidity was lower than the people and is the parameter that sets, the humidity instrument will start ultrasonic humidifier automatically; And ultrasonic humidifier promptly can spray and spreads in the space of dense fog shape water spray haze in the place of growing seedlings; The space humidity in the place of growing seedlings is constantly risen, and when humidity rose to the people and is the humidity parameter that sets, the humidity instrument then stopped the work of ultrasonic humidifier immediately automatically; And when space humidity in the place of growing seedlings is lower than the people and is the humidity parameter that sets; The humidity instrument then starts the space humidity that ultrasonic humidifier improves environment once more automatically, and it is in the humidity range that sets that the environment space humidity in the place of will growing seedlings in a word is controlled at the people; Used the humidity controller table among the present invention, the moisture management link automaticity in having realized producing is high, increases substantially operating efficiency.
The ultrasonic high frequency oscillation that described ultrasonic humidifier employing per second is 2,000,000 times, making water fogging is 1～5 micron ultramicron and negative oxygen ion, and is diffused in the air, makes negative oxygen ion with the humid air and that association is abundant, reaches the even humidification of space environment.
Described yellow soil is the yellow soil below the dark soil layer, and the red soil for limestone is grown has certain viscosity, and it does not have bacterium, and water retention property is good, contains a certain amount of nutrient again, gold zone penus slant acidity, and plant happiness slant acidity can promote plant growing.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
1, a kind of method of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture; Comprise in the technical scheme: the construction method in the place of growing seedlings, the method for building up of aerosol system in the place of growing seedlings, the preparation method of seedling medium; The Camellia nitidissima branch is gathered and processing method, and Camellia nitidissima inserts management method and the process of fringe in reproductive process.
2, a kind of method of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture, the construction method in the place of growing seedlings in the technical scheme is following:
(1) place is selected: select that physical features is smooth, illumination is sufficient, drainage and well-ventilated's ground is as growing seedlings the place;
(2) structure of seedling growth greenhouse: nursery set up on the ground the ceiling height be 1.2～1.5 meters, length be 6～8 meters, wide be 3～4 meters small-sized seedling growth greenhouse, seedling growth greenhouse hides one deck plastic foil, outside plastic foil, settles one deck can free movable shade net simultaneously.
3, a kind of method of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture, the method for building up of aerosol system is following in the place of growing seedlings in the technical scheme:
(1) aerosol system is formed required instrument, facility: humidity controller table, ultrasonic humidifier, water storage basin;
(2) connection of instrument, facility and mutual cooperation relation: the water storage basin is provided in a side of the center in the place of growing seedlings, and it mainly is to be used for depositing clear water, thimerosal or nutrient solution; Ultrasonic humidifier is placed in the water storage basin; Ultrasonic humidifier is to be controlled by the humidity controller table; The humidity controller table is once starting ultrasonic humidifier; Ultrasonic humidifier then can improve the environment space humidity in the institute place of growing seedlings with the clear water, thimerosal or the nutrient solution ejection dense fog shape water spray haze that leave in the water storage basin, or the place of growing seedlings is carried out comprehensive sterilization and given the nurseries nutrition in the place of growing seedlings; The moisture probe of humidity controller table is placed in the place of growing seedlings, and the humidity parameter in the place of growing seedlings is to feed back to the humidity instrument by moisture probe;
(3) operation principle of aerosol system: at first according to growing seedlings the needed humidity parameter in place; On the humidity instrument, configure this parameter; When the space in the place of growing seedlings humidity is lower than the people and is the parameter that sets; The humidity instrument will start ultrasonic humidifier automatically, and ultrasonic humidifier promptly can spray and spread in the space of dense fog shape water spray haze in the place of growing seedlings, and the space humidity in the place of growing seedlings is constantly risen; When humidity rose to the people and is the humidity parameter that sets, the humidity instrument then stopped the work of ultrasonic humidifier immediately automatically; And when space humidity in the place of growing seedlings is lower than the people and is the humidity parameter that sets; The humidity instrument then starts the space humidity that ultrasonic humidifier improves environment once more automatically, and it is in the humidity range that sets that the environment space humidity in the place of will growing seedlings in a word is controlled at the people; The dense fog shape water spray haze that ultrasonic humidifier produces can make to be inserted Camellia nitidissima and inserts fringe and keep fresh and alive, but its humidity of matrix of cultivating the Camellia nitidissima fringe is increased and Camellia nitidissima is inserted the unfavorable of fringe base portion.
4, a kind of method of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture, the preparation method of seedling medium is following in the technical scheme:
(1) raw material is formed: clean pure yellow soil, clean pure thin river sand, solid, shaped thimerosal;
(2) preparation of solid, shaped thimerosal: earlier 50% ultra micro carbendazol wettable powder being diluted to 600～800 times thimerosal, is that 250～300 times water-loss reducer absorbs thimerosal and the solid, shaped thimerosal is got up in curing with the suction multiple then;
(3) composition of raw material and proportioning: yellow soil 80%, thin river sand 10%, solid, shaped disinfectant 10%;
(4) raw material pack: with being sub-packed in the plastics nutritious bag that specification is 8 * 12cm after above-mentioned yellow soil, thin river sand, the solid, shaped disinfectant mixing and stirring.
5, a kind of method of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture, collection of Camellia nitidissima branch and processing method in the technical scheme are following:
(1) branch collection: the golden flower tea tree body of selecting robust plant, no damage by disease and insect is as female parent, and the branch of gathering life in 1～2 year prepares stripped material; With the Camellia nitidissima branch cut that (cutting) becomes that two buds are above, four buds are with interior and keep the stripped material of branch section of 1～3 leaf, Camellia nitidissima is exsomatized, and to transplant a cutting classification by size good and lash down with base portion for material;
(2) soak taking root liquid: earlier commercially available ABT1 root-inducing powder is diluted to 5000～6000 times to clear water and forms the soup of taking root; The Camellia nitidissima that will lash is again exsomatized material with base portion down; Neat concentrated being placed in the plastic basin; Pour the taking root liquid for preparing in the basin into to flooding the material base portion that exsomatizes, soak time is 3～4 hours.
6, a kind of method of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture, Camellia nitidissima inserts management method and the process of fringe in reproductive process in the technical scheme:
(1) insert bag cultivation on the fringe: the Camellia nitidissima that will soak taking root liquid inserts fringe and is colonizated in the matrix of nutritious bag, moves to nutritious bag in the small-sized seedling growth greenhouse then, puts into plurality of rows, stays the aisle of 40～50cm to make things convenient for the pedestrian to nurse between every row;
(2) moisture management: be set at 85～90% to the humidity parameter on the humidity instrument; Want during this time the water level in the running check water storage basin; Can be when making the position of ultrasonic humidifier forfeiture work if water level is lower than, should be in time toward the water storage basin add water guarantee add the wet device of ultrasonic can normal operation;
(3) air and illumination management: will open seedling growth greenhouse two side doors every day, make cross-ventilation 20～30 minutes, keep with fresh air in the seedling growth greenhouse; When temperature was higher than 30 ℃, 11 of every day～17 this period will shelter from heat or light to seedling growth greenhouse, and other times should draw back shade net;
(4) grow seedlings place sterilization: when temperature is higher than 30 ℃; Pasteurised completely will be carried out once to the place of growing seedlings in 7～10 days in every interval; Compound concentration is 1000～1200 times a carbendazim thimerosal; Replace clear water with thimerosal then and be positioned in the water storage basin, by ultrasonic humidifier thimerosal is sprayed each corner that dense fog shape water spray haze is transferred in the place of growing seedlings and carry out comprehensive sterilization;
(5) manage behind the cuttage rooting: behind the interior Camellia nitidissima cuttage rooting of nutritious bag; Be adjusted into 70～75% to the humidity parameter of humidity instrument; Prepare concentration then and be 500～600 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate nutrient solution; Replace clear water with nutrient solution and be positioned in the water storage basin, by ultrasonic humidifier nutrient solution is sprayed dense fog shape water spray haze and be transferred to each the Camellia nitidissima nursery stock in the place of growing seedlings, can the golden flower tea shoot be removed seedling growth greenhouse in 7～8 days through nursing again.
The existing following advantage of the present invention:
1, method and measure proposed by the invention is unique, and production technology is simple, easy to be implemented.
2, through embodiment of the present invention, only need take the branch of all size on the Camellia nitidissima parent to insert fringe arbitrarily, and need not excavate the particularly wild plant of its maternal plant as breeding, wild Camellia nitidissima resource is effectively protected and develops, of far-reaching significance.
3, through embodiment of the present invention, use the humidity that the humidity controller table is controlled the place of growing seedlings, it is in the humidity range that sets that the environment space humidity of being controlled is controlled at the people automatically and accurately, automaticity is high, has increased substantially operating efficiency.
4, in the implementation process of the present invention, the ultrasonic humidifier that is adopted adds wet strength greatly and evenly, and humidification efficiency is high, but also water saving, power saving, the droplet of generation is little and even, in the unit interval, can meet the requirements of relative moisture rapidly; The dense fog shape water spray haze that ultrasonic humidifier produces can make for a long time to be inserted Camellia nitidissima and inserts fringe and keep fresh and alive, does not cultivate matrix that Camellia nitidissima inserts fringe and causes Camellia nitidissima to insert the fringe base portion to rot and dead seedling because its humidity increases but can not make; Camellia nitidissima plant percent through the present invention bred reaches more than 90%.
5, through embodiment of the present invention, utilize the automation of humidity controller table and the function of ultrasonic humidifier, place in process of production, nursery stock sterilization and nutrient solution are supplied with and also can both be realized automation; Simultaneously, sterilization is carried out and humidifier will be sterilized during nutrition supply, nutrient liquid atomizing is 1～5 micron ultramicron, makes sterilization, nutrition supply effect better.
6, through embodiment of the present invention, it is directly to be colonizated in the nutritious bag of matrix that Camellia nitidissima inserts fringe, after nursery stock takes root, can become commercial seedling, and operation is few.
7, through embodiment of the present invention, the yellow soil in the matrix has certain viscosity, and it does not have bacterium, and water retention property is good, contains a certain amount of nutrient again, gold zone penus slant acidity, and plant happiness slant acidity can promote plant growing; Reach 1～2 month and the solid sterilizing liquid in the matrix is sustainable to inserting the fringe disinfection nursing, this also is one of effective measure that improves plant percent.
8,, more help the batch production of Camellia nitidissima nursery stock, scale, intensification ground propagation production through embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment method of the present invention is further specified.
A kind of method of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture, today, embodiment was following:
1, a kind of method of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture; Comprise in the technical scheme: the construction method in the place of growing seedlings, the method for building up of aerosol system in the place of growing seedlings, the preparation method of seedling medium; The Camellia nitidissima branch is gathered and processing method, and Camellia nitidissima inserts management method and the process of fringe in reproductive process.
2, a kind of method of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture, the construction method in the place of growing seedlings in the technical scheme is following:
(1) place is selected: select that physical features is smooth, illumination is sufficient, drainage and well-ventilated's ground is as growing seedlings the place;
(2) structure of seedling growth greenhouse: nursery set up on the ground the ceiling height be 1.2～1.5 meters, length be 6～8 meters, wide be 3～4 meters small-sized seedling growth greenhouse, seedling growth greenhouse hides one deck plastic foil, outside plastic foil, settles one deck can free movable shade net simultaneously.
3, a kind of method of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture, the method for building up of aerosol system is following in the place of growing seedlings in the technical scheme:
(1) aerosol system is formed required instrument, facility: humidity controller table, ultrasonic humidifier, water storage basin;
(2) connection of instrument, facility and mutual cooperation relation: the water storage basin is provided in a side of the center in the place of growing seedlings, and it mainly is to be used for depositing clear water, thimerosal or nutrient solution; Ultrasonic humidifier is placed in the water storage basin; Ultrasonic humidifier is to be controlled by the humidity controller table; The humidity controller table is once starting ultrasonic humidifier; Ultrasonic humidifier then can improve the environment space humidity in the institute place of growing seedlings with the clear water, thimerosal or the nutrient solution ejection dense fog shape water spray haze that leave in the water storage basin, or the place of growing seedlings is carried out comprehensive sterilization and given the nurseries nutrition in the place of growing seedlings; The moisture probe of humidity controller table is placed in the place of growing seedlings, and the humidity parameter in the place of growing seedlings is to feed back to the humidity instrument by moisture probe;
(3) operation principle of aerosol system: at first according to growing seedlings the needed humidity parameter in place; On the humidity instrument, configure this parameter; When the space in the place of growing seedlings humidity is lower than the people and is the parameter that sets; The humidity instrument will start ultrasonic humidifier automatically, and ultrasonic humidifier promptly can spray and spread in the space of dense fog shape water spray haze in the place of growing seedlings, and the space humidity in the place of growing seedlings is constantly risen; When humidity rose to the people and is the humidity parameter that sets, the humidity instrument then stopped the work of ultrasonic humidifier immediately automatically; And when space humidity in the place of growing seedlings is lower than the people and is the humidity parameter that sets; The humidity instrument then starts the space humidity that ultrasonic humidifier improves environment once more automatically, and it is in the humidity range that sets that the environment space humidity in the place of will growing seedlings in a word is controlled at the people; The dense fog shape water spray haze that ultrasonic humidifier produces can make to be inserted Camellia nitidissima and inserts fringe and keep fresh and alive, but its humidity of matrix of cultivating the Camellia nitidissima fringe is increased and Camellia nitidissima is inserted the unfavorable of fringe base portion.
4, a kind of method of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture, the preparation method of seedling medium is following in the technical scheme:
(1) raw material is formed: clean pure yellow soil, clean pure thin river sand, solid, shaped thimerosal;
(2) preparation of solid, shaped thimerosal: earlier 50% ultra micro carbendazol wettable powder being diluted to 600～800 times thimerosal, is that 250～300 times water-loss reducer absorbs thimerosal and the solid, shaped thimerosal is got up in curing with the suction multiple then;
(3) composition of raw material and proportioning: yellow soil 80%, thin river sand 10%, solid, shaped disinfectant 10%;
(4) raw material pack: with being sub-packed in the plastics nutritious bag that specification is 8 * 12cm after above-mentioned yellow soil, thin river sand, the solid, shaped disinfectant mixing and stirring.
5, a kind of method of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture, collection of Camellia nitidissima branch and processing method in the technical scheme are following:
(1) branch collection: the golden flower tea tree body of selecting robust plant, no damage by disease and insect is as female parent, and the branch of gathering life in 1～2 year prepares stripped material; With the Camellia nitidissima branch cut that (cutting) becomes that two buds are above, four buds are with interior and keep the stripped material of branch section of 1～3 leaf, Camellia nitidissima is exsomatized, and to transplant a cutting classification by size good and lash down with base portion for material;
(2) soak taking root liquid: earlier commercially available ABT1 root-inducing powder is diluted to 5000～6000 times to clear water and forms the soup of taking root; The Camellia nitidissima that will lash is again exsomatized material with base portion down; Neat concentrated being placed in the plastic basin; Pour the taking root liquid for preparing in the basin into to flooding the material base portion that exsomatizes, soak time is 3～4 hours.
6, a kind of method of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture, Camellia nitidissima inserts management method and the process of fringe in reproductive process in the technical scheme:
(1) insert bag cultivation on the fringe: the Camellia nitidissima that will soak taking root liquid inserts fringe and is colonizated in the matrix of nutritious bag, moves to nutritious bag in the small-sized seedling growth greenhouse then, puts into plurality of rows, stays the aisle of 40～50cm to make things convenient for the pedestrian to nurse between every row;
(2) moisture management: be set at 85～90% to the humidity parameter on the humidity instrument; Want during this time the water level in the running check water storage basin; Can be when making the position of ultrasonic humidifier forfeiture work if water level is lower than, should be in time toward the water storage basin add water guarantee add the wet device of ultrasonic can normal operation;
(3) air and illumination management: will open seedling growth greenhouse two side doors every day, make cross-ventilation 20～30 minutes, keep with fresh air in the seedling growth greenhouse; When temperature was higher than 30 ℃, 11 of every day～17 this period will shelter from heat or light to seedling growth greenhouse, and other times should draw back shade net;
(4) grow seedlings place sterilization: when temperature is higher than 30 ℃; Pasteurised completely will be carried out once to the place of growing seedlings in 7～10 days in every interval; Compound concentration is 1000～1200 times a carbendazim thimerosal; Replace clear water with thimerosal then and be positioned in the water storage basin, by ultrasonic humidifier thimerosal is sprayed each corner that dense fog shape water spray haze is transferred in the place of growing seedlings and carry out comprehensive sterilization;
(5) manage behind the cuttage rooting: behind the interior Camellia nitidissima cuttage rooting of nutritious bag; Be adjusted into 70～75% to the humidity parameter of humidity instrument; Prepare concentration then and be 500～600 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate nutrient solution; Replace clear water with nutrient solution and be positioned in the water storage basin, by ultrasonic humidifier nutrient solution is sprayed dense fog shape water spray haze and be transferred to each the Camellia nitidissima nursery stock in the place of growing seedlings, can the golden flower tea shoot be removed seedling growth greenhouse in 7～8 days through nursing again.
Claims (6)
1. the method for a Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture; Its characteristic comprises: the construction method in the place of growing seedlings, the method for building up of aerosol system in the place of growing seedlings, the preparation method of seedling medium; The Camellia nitidissima branch is gathered and processing method, and Camellia nitidissima inserts management method and the process of fringe in reproductive process.
2. according to the method for a kind of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture described in the claim 1, the construction method in the place that it is characterized in that growing seedlings is following:
(1) place is selected: select that physical features is smooth, illumination is sufficient, drainage and well-ventilated's ground is as growing seedlings the place;
(2) structure of seedling growth greenhouse: nursery set up on the ground the ceiling height be 1.2～1.5 meters, length be 6～8 meters, wide be 3～4 meters small-sized seedling growth greenhouse, seedling growth greenhouse hides one deck plastic foil, outside plastic foil, settles one deck can free movable shade net simultaneously.
3. according to the method for a kind of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture described in the claim 1, the method for building up of aerosol system is following in the place that it is characterized in that growing seedlings:
(1) aerosol system is formed required instrument, facility: humidity controller table, ultrasonic humidifier, water storage basin;
(2) connection of instrument, facility and mutual cooperation relation: the water storage basin is provided in a side of the center in the place of growing seedlings, and it mainly is to be used for depositing clear water, thimerosal or nutrient solution; Ultrasonic humidifier is placed in the water storage basin; Ultrasonic humidifier is to be controlled by the humidity controller table; The humidity controller table is once starting ultrasonic humidifier; Ultrasonic humidifier then can improve the environment space humidity in the institute place of growing seedlings with the clear water, thimerosal or the nutrient solution ejection dense fog shape water spray haze that leave in the water storage basin, or the place of growing seedlings is carried out comprehensive sterilization and given the nurseries nutrition in the place of growing seedlings; The moisture probe of humidity controller table is placed in the place of growing seedlings, and the humidity parameter in the place of growing seedlings is to feed back to the humidity instrument by moisture probe;
(3) operation principle of aerosol system: at first according to growing seedlings the needed humidity parameter in place; On the humidity instrument, configure this parameter; When the space in the place of growing seedlings humidity is lower than the people and is the parameter that sets; The humidity instrument will start ultrasonic humidifier automatically, and ultrasonic humidifier promptly can spray and spread in the space of dense fog shape water spray haze in the place of growing seedlings, and the space humidity in the place of growing seedlings is constantly risen; When humidity rose to the people and is the humidity parameter that sets, the humidity instrument then stopped the work of ultrasonic humidifier immediately automatically; And when space humidity in the place of growing seedlings is lower than the people and is the humidity parameter that sets; The humidity instrument then starts the space humidity that ultrasonic humidifier improves environment once more automatically, and it is in the humidity range that sets that the environment space humidity in the place of will growing seedlings in a word is controlled at the people; The dense fog shape water spray haze that ultrasonic humidifier produces can make to be inserted Camellia nitidissima and inserts fringe and keep fresh and alive, but its humidity of matrix of cultivating the Camellia nitidissima fringe is increased and Camellia nitidissima is inserted the unfavorable of fringe base portion.
4. according to the method for a kind of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that the preparation method of seedling medium is following:
(1) raw material is formed: clean pure yellow soil, clean pure thin river sand, solid, shaped thimerosal;
(2) preparation of solid, shaped thimerosal: earlier 50% ultra micro carbendazol wettable powder being diluted to 600～800 times thimerosal, is that 250～300 times water-loss reducer absorbs thimerosal and the solid, shaped thimerosal is got up in curing with the suction multiple then;
(3) composition of raw material and proportioning: yellow soil 80%, thin river sand 10%, solid, shaped disinfectant 10%;
(4) raw material pack: with being sub-packed in the plastics nutritious bag that specification is 8 * 12cm after above-mentioned yellow soil, thin river sand, the solid, shaped disinfectant mixing and stirring.
5. according to the method for a kind of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that collection of Camellia nitidissima branch and processing method are following:
(1) branch collection: the golden flower tea tree body of selecting robust plant, no damage by disease and insect is as female parent, and the branch of gathering life in 1～2 year prepares stripped material; With the Camellia nitidissima branch cut that (cutting) becomes that two buds are above, four buds are with interior and keep the stripped material of branch section of 1～3 leaf, Camellia nitidissima is exsomatized, and to transplant a cutting classification by size good and lash down with base portion for material;
(2) soak taking root liquid: earlier commercially available ABT1 root-inducing powder is diluted to 5000～6000 times to clear water and forms the soup of taking root; The Camellia nitidissima that will lash is again exsomatized material with base portion down; Neat concentrated being placed in the plastic basin; Pour the taking root liquid for preparing in the basin into to flooding the material base portion that exsomatizes, soak time is 3～4 hours.
6. according to the method for a kind of Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that Camellia nitidissima inserts management method and the process of fringe in reproductive process:
(1) insert bag cultivation on the fringe: the Camellia nitidissima that will soak taking root liquid inserts fringe and is colonizated in the matrix of nutritious bag, moves to nutritious bag in the small-sized seedling growth greenhouse then, puts into plurality of rows, stays the aisle of 40～50cm to make things convenient for the pedestrian to nurse between every row;
(2) moisture management: be set at 85～90% to the humidity parameter on the humidity instrument; Want during this time the water level in the running check water storage basin; Can be when making the position of ultrasonic humidifier forfeiture work if water level is lower than, should be in time toward the water storage basin add water guarantee add the wet device of ultrasonic can normal operation;
(3) air and illumination management: will open seedling growth greenhouse two side doors every day, make cross-ventilation 20～30 minutes, keep with fresh air in the seedling growth greenhouse; When temperature was higher than 30 ℃, 11 of every day～17 this period will shelter from heat or light to seedling growth greenhouse, and other times should draw back shade net;
(4) grow seedlings place sterilization: when temperature is higher than 30 ℃; Pasteurised completely will be carried out once to the place of growing seedlings in 7～10 days in every interval; Compound concentration is 1000～1200 times a carbendazim thimerosal; Replace clear water with thimerosal then and be positioned in the water storage basin, by ultrasonic humidifier thimerosal is sprayed each corner that dense fog shape water spray haze is transferred in the place of growing seedlings and carry out comprehensive sterilization;
(5) manage behind the cuttage rooting: behind the interior Camellia nitidissima cuttage rooting of nutritious bag; Be adjusted into 70～75% to the humidity parameter of humidity instrument; Prepare concentration then and be 500～600 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate nutrient solution; Replace clear water with nutrient solution and be positioned in the water storage basin, by ultrasonic humidifier nutrient solution is sprayed dense fog shape water spray haze and be transferred to each the Camellia nitidissima nursery stock in the place of growing seedlings, can the golden flower tea shoot be removed seedling growth greenhouse in 7～8 days through nursing again.
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