CN103907523A - Overhead-layering rapid propagation method of camellia chrysantha seedlings - Google Patents
Overhead-layering rapid propagation method of camellia chrysantha seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an overhead-layering rapid propagation method of camellia chrysantha seedlings and belongs to the technical field of camellia chrysantha propagation. The method is characterized by including the steps of (1) seed tree branch selection, (2) branch girdling, (3) medium treatment, (4) medium wrapping, (5) post-layering management and (6) plant shearing and planting. The overhead-layering rapid propagation method of the camellia chrysantha seedlings is easy and convenient to implement, short in seedling growing time, high in rate of survival and suitable for camellia chrysantha propagation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Camellia nitidissima sapling multiplication method, more particularly, relate in particular to a kind of Camellia nitidissima seedling high-altitude layer method for quickly breeding.
Background technology
Camellia nitidissima (Camellia chrysantha) is out the common name of the camellia of yellow flower, belongs to Theaceae Camellia Camellia nitidissima group.Camellia nitidissima is described as " botanic giant panda ", " queen of tea family ".Camellia nitidissima not only has high ornamental plantation and is worth, and the amino acid and the various trace element that contain natural Tea Polyphenols and tea polysaccharide and needed by human due to the leaf of Camellia nitidissima and flower, in prevention and cure of cardiovascular disease, arteriosclerosis, delay senility, improve the aspects such as body's immunity and there is good control efficiency and health-care effect, the therefore equal highly significant of its economic worth and medical value.Because Camellia nitidissima is famous and precious and have special sight and medical value, market development utilization is in recent years very active, and the demand of nursery stock resource is also especially aobvious in short supply.The initial main seminal propagation that adopts of artificial propagation of Camellia nitidissima, because the Natural seed setting rate of Camellia nitidissima is very low, causes reproduction speed slower.At present, the breeding of Camellia nitidissima adopts the method for cuttage and stock grafting more.
Wherein, cuttage seeding breeding cycle generally all will be more than 1 year, and liquid manure control and careful management that need to be after the preparation of the structure of nursery, seedling medium, cuttage just can start root after waiting 1 to 2 months.Go out after root and reinstall in nutrition cup and continue management more than 1 year, just can go out garden plantation, whole growing-seedling period at least takes 1 year to 1 year half.In addition, also there is the shortcomings such as root system is undeveloped, plantation growth is slow, survival rate is low, be difficult for blooming in cuttage seeding.
Grafting need to be built cool canopy equally, cultivates stock, also wants overlay film insulation after grafting, after grafting place healing, after minimum twice of extraction young sprout, just can transplant, and go out the tip time for twice, while at least needing 8 months to 1 year.There is equally the problem that breeding cycle is long, survival rate is low.
Above-mentioned two kinds of methods not only consume larger propagating materials, cost is high, management difficulty is large, be difficult for popularization, and cultivation period is longer, is unfavorable for the vegetative large-scale production of Camellia nitidissima and Application and Development.
Only have the planting number that solves artificial Fast-propagation, expands artificial Camellia nitidissima, set up the planting base that commercial development utilizes, just can make this precious resources obtain the most effectively protecting and developing, realize the true value of its resource.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of easy and simple to handle, seedling raise period is short and survival rate is higher Camellia nitidissima seedling high-altitude layer method for quickly breeding is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of Camellia nitidissima seedling high-altitude layer method for quickly breeding, comprises the steps:
(1) elite stand branch is chosen: more than 3 years on the elite stand of the age of tree, select the thick 0.6cm～1cm of stem, grow 1～2 year and have the branch of 2～3 branches;
(2) girdling branch: 5～10cm place carries out girdling below the branch of selected branch, dries moisture after girdling;
(3) matrix treatments: by liver moss disinfection, then use root-growing agent solution impregnation for subsequent use after 10～15 minutes;
(4) matrix parcel: the liver moss after infiltrating is wrapped in to the branch girdling mouth place of drying moisture with plastic film, moss depth is 1.5～3.5cm;
(5) after layer, manage: according to weather condition, control the humidity of liver moss, in the time of liver moss overdrying, carry out water filling, carry out water squeezing when liver moss crosses when wet, keep liver moss in moisture state;
(6) plant is cut kind: after layer, manage 60～80 days, when plant seedling goes out the vigorous and root system of root and transfers redness to, below girdling mouth, locate under tree shears, untie the liver moss of parcel, to the sterilization that carries out disinfection of girdling mouth, and then after 3～10 minutes, can carry out general planting with root-growing agent solution impregnation.
In above-mentioned a kind of Camellia nitidissima seedling high-altitude layer method for quickly breeding, the described girdling branch of step (2) is specially: below the branch of selected branch, 5～10cm place interval girdling two is enclosed, girdling place to the girdling distance of this branch end is that the spacing between 40～60cm and two circles is 2～4cm, the degree of depth that two rings are cut is the thickness of bark, bark between two circles is peeled off, and then exposed phloem is peeled off completely, peel off rear airing 24 hours, moisture is dried.
In above-mentioned a kind of Camellia nitidissima seedling high-altitude layer method for quickly breeding, the described matrix treatments of step (3) is specially: the liquor potassic permanganate that is 0.01%～0.05% by liver moss concentration embathes disinfection in 10～20 minutes, more for subsequent use after 10～15 minutes with the root-growing agent solution impregnation after diluting 1000～1200 times.
In above-mentioned a kind of Camellia nitidissima seedling high-altitude layer method for quickly breeding, the described matrix parcel of step (4) is specially: first become horn mouth shape with wherein one end of plastic film at branch periphery ring, then with rope, the binding of bell-mouthed lower end is fixed, this binding place is positioned at girdling mouth 2～4cm place, below and girdling mouth is positioned at horn mouth inside, then the liver moss after infiltrating is packed in horn mouth, the plastic film of the fixing liver moss of rope binding periphery, liver moss limit is filled on limit, until liver moss upper end is positioned at girdling mouth top, finally plastic film inclusion is sealed, fixing with rope binding again, this binding place is positioned at 2～4cm place, girdling mouth top, the moss depth that is positioned at girdling mouth periphery is 1.5～3.5cm.
In above-mentioned a kind of Camellia nitidissima seedling high-altitude layer method for quickly breeding, the plastic film after binding is oval.
In above-mentioned a kind of Camellia nitidissima seedling high-altitude layer method for quickly breeding, the described sterilization that carries out disinfection to girdling mouth of step (6) is specially with the sterilization that carries out disinfection of the tpn solution after diluting 800～1000 times.
In above-mentioned a kind of Camellia nitidissima seedling high-altitude layer method for quickly breeding, the described root-growing agent solution of step (6) is the root-growing agent solution after diluting 1000～1200 times.
The present invention adopts after said method, according to the growth characteristics of Camellia nitidissima, adopt high-altitude layer method to adopt liver moss as seedling medium simultaneously, make the garden time of growing seedlings out of Camellia nitidissima only need 60～80 days, compare cuttage and grafting, at least shortened the cultivation time of 10 to 12 months, and adopt in this way the plant of breeding, survival rate is more than 95%, and survival rate is than more than the high twice of plant of prior art breeding, and plant is very healthy and strong.Shortened very significantly the time in the garden of growing seedlings out, this be very purpose less than.And, adopt in this way and grow seedlings, after taking root, directly cut branch and can directly plant, do not need to pack into and in nutrition cup, practice seedling.Management through 3 years behind ground under kind, more than 90% Camellia nitidissima can be realized and being bloomed, and this has also shortened significantly opens the time spent, has improved widely the time of Camellia nitidissima from plantation to income.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but do not form any limitation of the invention.
A kind of Camellia nitidissima seedling of the present invention high-altitude layer method for quickly breeding, comprises the steps:
(1) elite stand branch is chosen: more than 3 years on the elite stand of the age of tree, select the thick 0.6cm～1cm of stem, grow 1～2 year and have the branch of 2～3 branches;
(2) girdling branch: 5～10cm place interval girdling two is enclosed below the branch of selected branch, girdling place to the girdling distance of this branch end is that the spacing between 40～60cm and two circles is 2～4cm, the degree of depth that two rings are cut is the thickness of bark, bark between two circles is peeled off, and then exposed phloem is peeled off completely, peel off rear airing 24 hours, moisture is dried, adopt first bark to shell again the mode of phloem, can very well guarantee to peel off time, do not injure branch inside, while preventing from peeling off, damage branch inner and occur that a female branch nutrient is unable to supply the problem that occurs branch death to branch, spacing between two girdling, can not be excessive can not be too small, when spacing is too small, girdling mouth easily heals, experimental results show that, young during in 2cm when girdling, the branch after girdling just there will be the situation of healing, and, because girdling is made a slip of the tongue little, go out root negligible amounts, institute educate sapling will be a little less than, survival rate will reduce, and in the time that girdling mouth is greater than 4cm, elite stand nutrient is unable to supply to branch, cause the branch after girdling withered, survival rate is very low.
(3) matrix treatments: liver moss is embathed to disinfection in 10～20 minutes with the liquor potassic permanganate that concentration is 0.01%～0.05%, more for subsequent use after 10～15 minutes with the root-growing agent solution impregnation after diluting 1000～1200 times; Substrate for breeding all adopts liver moss, and its effect is to keep moisture humidity, air permeability, keeps nutrient.
(4) matrix parcel: first become horn mouth shape with wherein one end of plastic film at branch periphery ring, then with rope, the binding of bell-mouthed lower end is fixed, this binding place is positioned at girdling mouth 2～4cm place, below and girdling mouth is positioned at horn mouth inside, then the liver moss after infiltrating is packed in horn mouth, the plastic film of the fixing liver moss of rope binding periphery, liver moss limit is filled on limit, until liver moss upper end is positioned at girdling mouth top, finally plastic film inclusion is sealed, fixing with rope binding again, this binding place is positioned at 2～4cm place, girdling mouth top; The moss depth that is positioned at girdling mouth periphery is 1.5～3.5cm; Plastic film after binding is sturdy is oval, and such structure, has advantages of following: 1., in the situation that guaranteeing girdling mouth place moss depth, save substrates quantity; 2. the in the situation that of equal substrates quantity, the thickness of the stromal thickness at girdling mouth place girdling mouth place matrix when adopting other shapes, makes the matrix at girdling mouth place the long period to remain on moisture state, goes out root thereby be conducive to girdling mouth place.
(5) after layer, manage: according to weather condition, control the humidity of liver moss, in the time of liver moss overdrying, carry out water filling, carry out water squeezing when liver moss crosses when wet, keep liver moss in moisture state;
(6) plant is cut kind: after layer, manage 60～80 days, when plant seedling goes out the vigorous and root system of root and transfers redness to, below girdling mouth, locate under tree shears, untie the liver moss of parcel, to the sterilization that carries out disinfection of the tpn solution after 800～1000 times with dilution of girdling mouth, and then after 3～10 minutes, can carry out general planting with the root-growing agent solution impregnation after diluting 1000～1200 times.Its general planting technology is: have 75% left and right of shading, heatable adobe sleeping platform 60cm × 60cm, will drench sufficient water behind ground under planting and often keep ground moistening.Plant through the management of 3 years more than 90% can bloom.
Experimental example 1
(1) elite stand branch is chosen: more than 3 years on the elite stand of the age of tree, select the thick 0.6cm～1cm of stem, grow 1～2 year and have totally 100, the branch of 2～3 branches;
(2) girdling branch: 5cm place interval girdling two is enclosed below the branch of selected branch, girdling place to the girdling distance of this branch end is that the spacing between 40～60cm and two circles is 2cm, the degree of depth that two rings are cut is the thickness of bark, bark between two circles is peeled off, and then exposed phloem is peeled off completely, peel off rear airing 24 hours, moisture is dried;
(3) matrix treatments: liver moss is embathed to disinfection in 10 minutes with the liquor potassic permanganate that concentration is 0.01%, more for subsequent use after 10 minutes with the root-growing agent solution impregnation after diluting 1000 times;
(4) matrix parcel: the plastic film of selecting specification 28*25cm, in the middle of plastic film wherein one end along its length, cut along its length the otch of a 5cm left and right, otch is for handled easily, first the otch on plastic film is inserted on branch and at branch periphery ring and becomes horn mouth shape, then with rope, the binding of bell-mouthed lower end is fixed, this binding place is positioned at girdling mouth 2cm place, below and girdling mouth is positioned at horn mouth inside, then the liver moss after infiltrating is packed in horn mouth, the plastic film of the fixing liver moss of rope binding periphery, liver moss limit is filled on limit, until liver moss upper end is positioned at girdling mouth top, finally plastic film inclusion is sealed, fixing with rope binding again, this binding place is positioned at 2cm place, girdling mouth top, the moss depth that is positioned at girdling mouth periphery is 1.5cm, plastic film after binding is sturdy is oval,
(5) after layer, manage: according to weather condition, control the humidity of liver moss, in the time of liver moss overdrying, carry out water filling, carry out water squeezing when liver moss crosses when wet, keep liver moss in moisture state;
(6) plant is cut kind: after layer, manage 60～80 days, when plant seedling goes out the vigorous and root system of root and transfers redness to, below girdling mouth, locate under tree shears, untie the liver moss of parcel, to the sterilization that carries out disinfection of the tpn solution after 800 times with dilution of girdling mouth, and then after 3 minutes, can carry out general planting with the root-growing agent solution impregnation after diluting 1000 times.
100 experiment branches in the present embodiment, the branch quantity that grows vigorous and red root system for 60-65 days of managing after layer is 25 articles, the branch quantity that grew vigorous and red root system at 66-70 days is 23 articles, the branch quantity that grew vigorous and red root system at 70-75 days is 28 articles, and the branch quantity that grew vigorous and red root system at 76-80 days is 24 articles.After cutting and kind planting down, survival rate is 95%, manages after 3 years, and approximately 91% Camellia nitidissima blooms.
Experimental example 2
(1) elite stand branch is chosen: more than 3 years on the elite stand of the age of tree, select the thick 0.6cm～1cm of stem, grow 1～2 year and have totally 100, the branch of 2～3 branches;
(2) girdling branch: 8cm place interval girdling two is enclosed below the branch of selected branch, girdling place to the girdling distance of this branch end is that the spacing between 40～60cm and two circles is 3cm, the degree of depth that two rings are cut is the thickness of bark, bark between two circles is peeled off, and then exposed phloem is peeled off completely, peel off rear airing 24 hours, moisture is dried;
(3) matrix treatments: liver moss is embathed to disinfection in 15 minutes with the liquor potassic permanganate that concentration is 0.03%, more for subsequent use after 12 minutes with the root-growing agent solution impregnation after diluting 1100 times;
(4) matrix parcel: the plastic film of selecting specification 28*25cm, in the middle of plastic film wherein one end along its length, cut along its length the otch of a 5cm left and right, otch is for handled easily, first the otch on plastic film is inserted on branch and at branch periphery ring and becomes horn mouth shape, then with rope, the binding of bell-mouthed lower end is fixed, this binding place is positioned at girdling mouth 3cm place, below and girdling mouth is positioned at horn mouth inside, then the liver moss after infiltrating is packed in horn mouth, the plastic film of the fixing liver moss of rope binding periphery, liver moss limit is filled on limit, until liver moss upper end is positioned at girdling mouth top, finally plastic film inclusion is sealed, fixing with rope binding again, this binding place is positioned at 3cm place, girdling mouth top, the moss depth that is positioned at girdling mouth periphery is 2cm, plastic film after binding is sturdy is oval,
(5) after layer, manage: according to weather condition, control the humidity of liver moss, in the time of liver moss overdrying, carry out water filling, carry out water squeezing when liver moss crosses when wet, keep liver moss in moisture state;
(6) plant is cut kind: after layer, manage 60～80 days, when plant seedling goes out the vigorous and root system of root and transfers redness to, below girdling mouth, locate under tree shears, untie the liver moss of parcel, to the sterilization that carries out disinfection of the tpn solution after 900 times with dilution of girdling mouth, and then after 6 minutes, can carry out general planting with the root-growing agent solution impregnation after diluting 1100 times.
100 experiment branches in the present embodiment, the branch quantity that grows vigorous and red root system for 60-65 days of managing after layer is 20 articles, the branch quantity that grew vigorous and red root system at 66-70 days is 27 articles, the branch quantity that grew vigorous and red root system at 70-75 days is 30 articles, and the branch quantity that grew vigorous and red root system at 76-80 days is 23 articles.After cutting and kind planting down, survival rate is 98%, manages after 3 years, and approximately 96% Camellia nitidissima blooms.
Experimental example 3
(1) elite stand branch is chosen: more than 3 years on the elite stand of the age of tree, select the thick 0.6cm～1cm of stem, grow 1～2 year and have totally 100, the branch of 2～3 branches;
(2) girdling branch: 10cm place interval girdling two is enclosed below the branch of selected branch, girdling place to the girdling distance of this branch end is that the spacing between 40～60cm and two circles is 4cm, the degree of depth that two rings are cut is the thickness of bark, bark between two circles is peeled off, and then exposed phloem is peeled off completely, peel off rear airing 24 hours, moisture is dried;
(3) matrix treatments: liver moss is embathed to disinfection in 20 minutes with the liquor potassic permanganate that concentration is 0.03%, more for subsequent use after 15 minutes with the root-growing agent solution impregnation after diluting 1200 times;
(4) matrix parcel: the plastic film of selecting specification 28*25cm, in the middle of plastic film wherein one end along its length, cut along its length the otch of a 5cm left and right, otch is for handled easily, first the otch on plastic film is inserted on branch and at branch periphery ring and becomes horn mouth shape, then with rope, the binding of bell-mouthed lower end is fixed, this binding place is positioned at girdling mouth 4cm place, below and girdling mouth is positioned at horn mouth inside, then the liver moss after infiltrating is packed in horn mouth, the plastic film of the fixing liver moss of rope binding periphery, liver moss limit is filled on limit, until liver moss upper end is positioned at girdling mouth top, finally plastic film inclusion is sealed, fixing with rope binding again, this binding place is positioned at 4cm place, girdling mouth top, the moss depth that is positioned at girdling mouth periphery is 3.5cm, plastic film after binding is sturdy is oval,
(5) after layer, manage: according to weather condition, control the humidity of liver moss, in the time of liver moss overdrying, carry out water filling, carry out water squeezing when liver moss crosses when wet, keep liver moss in moisture state;
(6) plant is cut kind: after layer, manage 60～80 days, when plant seedling goes out the vigorous and root system of root and transfers redness to, below girdling mouth, locate under tree shears, untie the liver moss of parcel, to the sterilization that carries out disinfection of the tpn solution after 1000 times with dilution of girdling mouth, and then after 10 minutes, can carry out general planting with the root-growing agent solution impregnation after diluting 1200 times.
100 experiment branches in the present embodiment, the branch quantity that grows vigorous and red root system for 60-65 days of managing after layer is 28 articles, the branch quantity that grew vigorous and red root system at 66-70 days is 23 articles, the branch quantity that grew vigorous and red root system at 70-75 days is 18 articles, and the branch quantity that grew vigorous and red root system at 76-80 days is 31 articles.After cutting and kind planting down, survival rate is 97%, manages after 3 years, and approximately 94% Camellia nitidissima blooms.
Claims (7)
1. a Camellia nitidissima seedling high-altitude layer method for quickly breeding, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) elite stand branch is chosen: more than 3 years on the elite stand of the age of tree, select the thick 0.6cm～1cm of stem, grow 1～2 year and have the branch of 2～3 branches;
(2) girdling branch: 5～10cm place carries out girdling below the branch of selected branch, dries moisture after girdling;
(3) matrix treatments: by liver moss disinfection, then use root-growing agent solution impregnation for subsequent use after 10～15 minutes;
(4) matrix parcel: the liver moss after infiltrating is wrapped in to the branch girdling mouth place of drying moisture with plastic film, moss depth is 1.5～3.5cm;
(5) after layer, manage: according to weather condition, control the humidity of liver moss, in the time of liver moss overdrying, carry out water filling, carry out water squeezing when liver moss crosses when wet, keep liver moss in moisture state;
(6) plant is cut kind: after layer, manage 60～80 days, when plant seedling goes out the vigorous and root system of root and transfers redness to, below girdling mouth, locate under tree shears, untie the film of parcel, to the sterilization that carries out disinfection of girdling mouth, and then after 3～10 minutes, can carry out general planting with root-growing agent solution impregnation.
2. a kind of Camellia nitidissima seedling according to claim 1 high-altitude layer method for quickly breeding, it is characterized in that, the described girdling branch of step (2) is specially: below the branch of selected branch, 5～10cm place interval girdling two is enclosed, girdling place to the girdling distance of this branch end is that the spacing between 40～60cm and two circles is 2～4cm, the degree of depth that two rings are cut is the thickness of bark, bark between two circles is peeled off, and then exposed phloem is peeled off completely, peel off rear airing 24 hours, moisture is dried.
3. a kind of Camellia nitidissima seedling according to claim 1 high-altitude layer method for quickly breeding, it is characterized in that, the described matrix treatments of step (3) is specially: the liquor potassic permanganate that is 0.01%～0.05% by liver moss concentration embathes disinfection in 10～20 minutes, more for subsequent use after 10～15 minutes with the root-growing agent solution impregnation after diluting 1000～1200 times.
4. according to a kind of Camellia nitidissima seedling high-altitude layer method for quickly breeding described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that, the described matrix parcel of step (4) is specially: first become horn mouth shape with wherein one end of plastic film at branch periphery ring, then with rope, the binding of bell-mouthed lower end is fixed, this binding place is positioned at girdling mouth 2～4cm place, below and girdling mouth is positioned at horn mouth inside, then the liver moss after infiltrating is packed in horn mouth, the plastic film of the fixing liver moss of rope binding periphery, liver moss limit is filled on limit, until liver moss upper end is positioned at girdling mouth top, finally plastic film inclusion is sealed, fixing with rope binding again, this binding place is positioned at 2～4cm place, girdling mouth top, the moss depth that is positioned at girdling mouth periphery is 1.5～3.5cm.
5. a kind of Camellia nitidissima seedling according to claim 4 high-altitude layer method for quickly breeding, is characterized in that, the plastic film after binding is oval.
6. a kind of Camellia nitidissima seedling according to claim 1 high-altitude layer method for quickly breeding, is characterized in that, the described sterilization that carries out disinfection to girdling mouth of step (6) is specially with the sterilization that carries out disinfection of the tpn solution after diluting 800～1000 times.
7. according to a kind of Camellia nitidissima seedling high-altitude layer method for quickly breeding described in claim 1 or 6, it is characterized in that, the described root-growing agent solution of step (6) is the root-growing agent solution after diluting 1000～1200 times.
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| CN114885737A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-08-12 | 上海护球园林绿化工程有限公司 | Method for transplanting trees in different age groups in different sections |
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