CN110637623B - Tea tree breeding method with water and fertilizer integrated auxiliary air string type layering - Google Patents
Tea tree breeding method with water and fertilizer integrated auxiliary air string type layering Download PDFInfo
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- CN110637623B CN110637623B CN201911016057.XA CN201911016057A CN110637623B CN 110637623 B CN110637623 B CN 110637623B CN 201911016057 A CN201911016057 A CN 201911016057A CN 110637623 B CN110637623 B CN 110637623B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/20—Layering
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0291—Planting receptacles specially adapted for remaining in the soil after planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A water and fertilizer integrated auxiliary air string type layering tea tree breeding method fully utilizes the advantages of facility tea gardens widely distributed in the north, tea production and tea seedling breeding in the tea garden can be carried out simultaneously, direct nutrition supplement is carried out on tea tree branches through integration of fertilizer and water, the production quality and efficiency of fresh leaves in the tea garden are improved, special seedling raising shed construction is not needed, special female parent gardens and breeding gardens are not needed, land resources and investment are saved, clonal tea seedlings in the north can be bred one year, and the breeding period is short; technical operation is last to utilize the work package to carry out quick operation, directly takes out the frenulum and can realize the broken skin of cortex, later ties up the work package with the frenulum and fix on the branch, gets rid of traditional scion shearing and cuttage process, has saved the cost of labor, and the tea tree seedling breeds on tea tree stock plant and takes root, and the root system takes place in the work package, and tea seedling bud leaf root system is complete, and the seedling rate is high, and the seedling period is spring summer, transplants the weather suitable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tea tree breeding, in particular to a water and fertilizer integrated auxiliary tea tree breeding method with air-string type layering.
Background
Tea is a healthy drink, tea tree is an important economic crop in China, and the demand for clone tea seedlings is increasing in recent years. The clone tea seedling is a new tea plant formed by using branches of the tea plant by methods of cuttage, layering and the like. The production characteristics of the stock plant of the tea tree seedlings through vegetative propagation are maintained, the consistency of the tea tree is better, the consistency uniformity of fresh leaves is higher, the quality of the processed tea is more stable, and the defects that the physiological characters and the quality of the progeny tea trees of the sexual propagation of the tea tree can be changed and the uniformity of the tea tree is poorer are overcome. The tea seedlings are bred in a asexual mode, and the method is the main direction for planting the tea trees.
The traditional layering breeding method is tedious in treatment, time-consuming, labor-consuming and low in breeding efficiency, and is basically not used for production breeding of tea seedlings. The current asexual propagation technology of tea trees for production generally adopts a short spike or twig cutting mode. The cuttage propagation of the tea trees needs to be carried out on extra land, the existing cuttage propagation technology of the tea trees mainly comprises the steps of mother tree branch cultivation, seedbed making, cuttage, management and the like, and the production period is generally more than 1 year and half. Because tea trees contain more polyphenols, the problems of slow callus, difficult rooting, low seedling rate and the like generally exist in the in-vitro plant bodies, the survival rate of the general open-air short-spike cutting seedling is about 60%, and meanwhile, the tea production is greatly influenced when the plant bodies are used as the tea garden of the cutting female parent garden. The tea tree cuttage has extremely high requirements on cutting slips, seasons, soil and environmental conditions, the cutting slips need to live through the winter in a seedbed, the measures such as heat preservation and moisture preservation are very high in input cost for cold and dry areas in the north in winter, and the development of a tea tree cuttage method in the north is limited. In the newly developed industrialized seedling culture, the tea tree cutting slips are cut in a matrix in a porous plug tray and are placed in an environment with controllable temperature and humidity, so that the seedling rate of the tea tree cutting slips is improved, and the formation time of tea seedlings is accelerated. The industrialized seedling raising is generally established on the short-shoot cutting technology, although the production period of the tea seedlings is shortened and the seedling rate is improved, the industrialized seedling raising has high requirement on the environment, a special regulation and control greenhouse needs to be established, the early-stage capital investment is high, the technical operation requirement is high, and the management and protection cost is high. The method reduces the breeding cost of the clonal tea seedlings of the tea trees, improves the breeding efficiency and is very important for the development of the tea industry in northern areas.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the technology, the invention provides a tea tree breeding method for realizing tea seedling breeding in the north, and the tea seedling breeding period is short and the seedling rate is high.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for overcoming the technical problems is as follows:
a method for breeding tea trees by using water and fertilizer integrated auxiliary aerial string type layering comprises the following steps of selecting a clone fine breed productive tea garden cultivated in an overwintering facility shed, building a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipeline on the upper portion of a facility tea garden support, pruning tea trees after tea production in spring is finished, fertilizing the tea trees in the overwintering facility shed according to NY/T2019-2011 tea tree short spike cutting technical procedures after pruning is finished, cultivating and breeding branches, and carrying out the following steps when the tea tree female parent branches reach the tea tree cutting spike picking standard in the NY/T2019-2011 tea tree short spike cutting technical procedures in 7-9 months:
a) selecting a branch with the length between branch nodes larger than 3CM, taking a working bag, wherein the working bag comprises a wrapping bag and two solid block matrixes, the wrapping bag is composed of a left half part and a right half part, the lower ends of the left half part and the right half part are sewn and fixed with each other, the two solid block matrixes are respectively inserted and fixed in the left half part and the right half part of the wrapping bag, branch ditches with semicircular cross sections are arranged on the inner sides of the solid block matrixes along the axial direction of the solid block matrixes, tying belts are arranged above the left half part of the wrapping bag, tying belts are arranged above the right half part of the wrapping bag, a bark breaking mechanism for scratching bark layers of tea branches is arranged on the tying belts, the tying belts are folded to position the bark breaking mechanism in the branch ditches, the selected tea tree branches are placed in the branch ditches, and the two solid block matrixes are buckled together to wrap the outer sides of the two branches and are positioned below the;
b) pulling out the tying belt, damaging the cortex of the tea tree branch in the branch ditch by the bark breaking mechanism, tying the tying belt, and fixing the working bag on the tea tree branch;
c) connecting a solid block matrix in a working bag fixed on the branches with a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipeline of a facility tea garden through rubber hoses, and conveying water and water soluble fertilizer to the branches in the solid block matrix through the rubber hoses;
d) repeating the steps a) and c) until all branches with internode length larger than 3CM on the tea tree are fixed with a working bag;
e) picking autumn tea by topping;
f) after the production of the spring tea is finished, the rubber hose is picked off, and the branches are cut off at the position below the working bag to form tea seedlings with complete bud leaves and root systems wrapped by the working bag;
g) transplanting and planting the tea seedlings.
Preferably, the wrapping bag is made of degradable non-woven fabric materials.
Preferably, the solid block matrix is formed by pressing the plant culture matrix.
Preferably, the skin-breaking mechanism is sandpaper, and the sandpaper is fixed on the tying band by sewing or gluing.
Preferably, the solid block substrate is a column structure with a semicircular cross section.
Preferably, the fixed block substrate is provided with a pipe joint, the upper end of the pipe joint is provided with a conical boss, and the outer diameter of the boss is larger than the inner diameter of the rubber hose.
Further, after the step e), the plastic film is covered on the greenhouse of the overwintering facility in the last 12 months, and the plastic film covered on the greenhouse of the overwintering facility is removed in the next 3 months.
Further, steps a) to f) are repeatedly performed after step g).
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the one-year breeding of the northern clonal tea seedlings is realized, and after the working bags are covered in autumn, the seedlings can grow in spring and summer in the next year, so that the breeding period is short; the advantages of facility tea gardens widely distributed in the north are fully utilized, special seedling raising shed construction is not needed, and early-stage capital investment and capital cost are greatly reduced; the local breeding of clone tea seedlings in northern areas is realized, the defect of low survival rate caused by long distance of the way for transporting southern seedlings to northern areas is avoided, and the transportation cost is reduced; the production of tea leaves and the breeding of tea seedlings in the tea garden can be carried out simultaneously, and a special female parent garden and a breeding garden are not needed, so that land resources are saved; the traditional scion cutting and cuttage process is saved in technical operation, the bark of the branch cortex of the tea tree can be broken by directly drawing out the tying belt, then the work bag can be tied and fixed on the branch by using the tying belt, and the work bag is used for rapid operation, so that the labor cost is saved; the breeding process realizes the breeding and rooting on the parent plant of the tea tree, and the process of short branch separation is not needed any more, so the seedling rate is high, and the waste of the cutting slips which can be bred is reduced; tea tree branches occur in the working bags, the root systems of tea seedling buds and leaves are complete, damage to the root systems caused by transplanting is reduced, and the survival rate after transplanting is high; the seedling period of the tea seedlings is spring and summer, and the tea trees are optimally planted in the northern area in the period, so that the maintenance cost of young tea gardens is reduced, and the garden forming rate is improved; meanwhile, the tea tree branches are directly supplemented with nutrients by the aid of the fertilizer and water integration, so that the quality and the weight of fresh leaves in a tea garden are improved, and the production efficiency of the tea garden is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a work package according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the tie strap of the work bag of the present invention positioned within the nonwoven fabric bag;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the pipe joint portion of the present invention
In the figure, 1, a wrapping bag 2, a solid matrix 3, branch ditches 4, a lacing 5, a skin breaking mechanism 6, a pipe joint 7, a boss 8 and a rubber hose are arranged.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
A method for breeding tea trees by using water and fertilizer integrated auxiliary aerial string type layering comprises the steps of selecting a clone fine breed productive tea garden cultivated in an overwintering facility shed, building a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipeline on the upper portion of a facility tea garden support, pruning tea trees after tea production in spring is finished, fertilizing the tea trees in the overwintering facility shed according to NY/T2019-2011 tea tree short spike cutting technical procedures after pruning is finished, and cultivating and breeding branches, and is characterized in that: when the branch of the female parent of the tea tree in 7-9 months reaches the cutting standard of the tea tree in NY/T2019-2011 short-spike cutting technical specification of the tea tree, the following steps are carried out:
a) selecting a branch with the length between the branch joints being more than 3CM, taking a working bag, wherein the working bag comprises a wrapping bag 1, two solid block matrixes 2 and the wrapping bag 1, the tea tree branch cutting device comprises a left half part and a right half part, the lower ends of the left half part and the right half part are sewn and fixed with each other, two solid block matrixes 2 are respectively inserted and fixed in the left half part and the right half part of a wrapping bag 1, branch ditches 3 with semicircular cross sections are arranged on the inner sides of the solid block matrixes 2 along the axial direction of the solid block matrixes, a lacing 4 is arranged above the left half part of the wrapping bag 1, the lacing 4 is arranged above the right half part of the wrapping bag 1, a bark breaking mechanism 5 for scratching the bark layer of a tea tree branch is arranged on the lacing 4, the lacing is folded to enable the bark breaking mechanism 5 to be positioned in the branch ditches 3, the selected tea tree, and buckling the two solid block matrixes 2 together to ensure that the two branch ditches 3 are wrapped outside the selected branches and are positioned below the leaf implantation points between the branches.
b) And pulling out the tying belt 4, damaging the cortex of the tea tree branch in the branch ditch 3 by the bark breaking mechanism 5, fastening the tying belt 4, and fixing the working bag on the tea tree branch.
c) The solid block matrix 2 fixed in the working bag on the branches is connected with a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipeline of the facility tea garden through the rubber hose 8, and the rubber hose 8 conveys water and water soluble fertilizer to the branches in the solid block matrix 2.
d) And (c) repeating the steps a) and c) until all branches with internode length larger than 3CM on the tea plant are fixed with the working bags. Can utilize branches meeting the requirements between every two joints, has high utilization rate of the branches of the tea trees, and can be used as biennial seedlings by nailing the tips.
e) And (5) topping and picking autumn tea. The picking of the autumn tea can be carried out after the work bag is wrapped, and the income of the autumn tea is increased.
f) After the production of the spring tea is finished, the rubber hose 8 is picked off, and the branches are cut off at the position below the working bag to form tea seedlings with complete bud leaves and root systems wrapped by the working bag.
g) Transplanting and planting the tea seedlings.
By the method, the advantages of facility tea gardens widely distributed in the north are fully utilized, special seedling raising shed construction is not needed, early-stage capital investment is reduced, and capital cost is greatly reduced; the one-year breeding of the northern clonal tea seedlings is realized, and after the working bags are coated in autumn, the seedlings can grow in spring and summer in the next year, so that the breeding period is short; the local breeding of clone tea seedlings in northern areas is realized, the defect of low survival rate caused by long distance of the way for transporting southern seedlings to northern areas is avoided, and the transportation cost is reduced; the production of tea leaves and the breeding of tea seedlings in the tea garden can be carried out simultaneously, and a special female parent garden and a breeding garden do not need to be built, so that land resources are saved; the traditional scion cutting and cuttage process is saved in technical operation, the bark of the branch cortex of the tea tree can be broken by directly drawing out the tying belt, then the work bag can be tied and fixed on the branch by using the tying belt, and the work bag is used for rapid operation, so that the labor cost is saved; the breeding process realizes the breeding and rooting on the parent plant of the tea tree, and the process of short branch separation is not needed any more, so the seedling rate is high, and the waste of the cutting slips which can be bred is reduced; the tea tree seedling root system is generated in the working bag, the tea tree seedling bud and leaf root system is complete, the damage of transplanting to the root system is reduced, and the survival rate after transplanting is high; the seedling period of the tea seedlings is spring and summer, and the tea trees are optimally planted in the northern area in the period, so that the maintenance cost of young tea gardens is reduced, and the garden forming rate is improved; meanwhile, the tea tree branches are directly supplemented with nutrients by the aid of the fertilizer and water integration, so that the quality and the weight of fresh leaves in a tea garden are improved, and the production efficiency of the tea garden is improved. Preferably, the wrapping bag 1 is made of degradable non-woven fabric materials. The non-woven fabric material has the characteristics of moisture resistance, air permeability, light weight and high flexibility, is easy to degrade after tea seedling transplantation, cannot hinder the development of tea tree root systems, and is suitable for being used as branch seedling breeding of tea tree branches.
Preferably, the solid block matrix 2 is formed by pressing plant culture matrixes.
Preferably, the skin breaking mechanism 5 is sandpaper, and the sandpaper is fixed on the tying band 4 by sewing or gluing. The branch cortex of the tea tree branch can be rubbed and damaged through the abrasive paper, and the tea tree branch is simple to manufacture. The solid block substrate 2 can be a column structure with a semicircular cross section.
Preferably, a pipe joint 6 is arranged on the solid block substrate 2, a conical boss 7 is arranged at the upper end of the pipe joint 6, and the outer diameter of the boss 7 is larger than the inner diameter of the rubber hose 8. And boss 7 is conical structure, and its diameter top-down becomes thick gradually, consequently it is propped open by boss 7 and takes place deformation after inserting rubber hose 8 on coupling 6, and rubber hose 8 can closely wrap up on coupling 6 to the improvement is to whole fixed firmness of wrapping up in bag 1 and two solid piece matrixes 2. The rubber hose 8 not only plays a role in conveying liquid, but also plays a role in hanging and fixing the working bag, and plays a role in lifting and pulling the tea trees vertically to prevent the tea trees from falling down.
Further, after the step e), covering the greenhouse of the overwintering facility with a plastic film in the last 12 months, removing the plastic film covered by the greenhouse of the overwintering facility in the next 3 months, and covering the plastic film on the big pump of the tea garden in the last 12 months to play a role in heat preservation, so that the tea garden can smoothly overwinter.
Further, the steps a) to f) are repeatedly performed after the step g) for the production again.
Claims (8)
1. A method for breeding tea trees by using water and fertilizer integrated auxiliary aerial string type layering comprises the steps of selecting a clone fine breed productive tea garden cultivated in an overwintering facility shed, building a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipeline on the upper portion of a facility tea garden support, pruning tea trees after tea production in spring is finished, fertilizing the tea trees in the overwintering facility shed according to NY/T2019-2011 tea tree short spike cutting technical procedures after pruning is finished, and cultivating and breeding branches, and is characterized in that: when the branch of the female parent of the tea tree in 7-9 months reaches the cutting standard of the tea tree in NY/T2019-2011 short-spike cutting technical specification of the tea tree, the following steps are carried out:
a) selecting a branch with the length between the branch knots being more than 3CM, taking a work package, wherein the work package comprises a wrapping bag (1) and two solid block matrixes (2), the wrapping bag (1) is composed of a left half part and a right half part, the lower ends of the left half part and the right half part are sewn and fixed with each other, the two solid block matrixes (2) are respectively inserted and fixed in the left half part and the right half part of the wrapping bag (1), a branch ditch (3) with a semicircular cross section is arranged on the inner side of the solid block matrix (2) along the axial direction of the branch ditch, a lacing (4) is arranged above the left half part of the wrapping bag (1), a lacing (4) is arranged above the right half part of the wrapping bag (1), a bark breaking mechanism (5) for scratching the bark layer of the tea tree is arranged on the lacing (4), the lacing is folded to position the bark breaking mechanism (5) in the branch ditch (3), the selected tea tree is placed in the branch ditch (3), and the two solid, enabling the two branch ditches (3) to wrap the outer sides of the selected branches and be positioned below the leaf implantation points between the branches;
b) pulling out the tying belt, damaging the cortex of the tea tree branch in the branch ditch (3) by the bark breaking mechanism (5), tying the tying belt (4), and fixing the working bag on the tea tree branch;
c) the solid block matrix (2) in the work bag fixed on the branches is connected with a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipeline of the facility tea garden through a rubber hose (8), and the rubber hose (8) conveys water and water soluble fertilizer to the branches in the solid block matrix (2);
d) repeating the steps a) and c) until all branches with internode length larger than 3CM on the tea tree are fixed with a working bag;
e) picking autumn tea by topping;
f) after the production of the spring tea is finished, the rubber hose (8) is picked off, and the branches are cut off at the position below the working bag to form tea seedlings with complete bud leaves and root systems wrapped by the working bag;
g) transplanting and planting the tea seedlings.
2. The tea tree breeding method of the water and fertilizer integrated auxiliary air string type layering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the wrapping bag (1) is made of degradable non-woven fabric materials.
3. The tea tree breeding method of the water and fertilizer integrated auxiliary air string type layering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the solid block matrix (2) is formed by pressing plant culture matrixes.
4. The tea tree breeding method of the water and fertilizer integrated auxiliary air string type layering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the skin breaking mechanism (5) is sand paper, and the sand paper is fixed on the tying belt (4) in a sewing or gluing mode.
5. The tea tree breeding method of the water and fertilizer integrated auxiliary air string type layering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the solid block matrix (2) is of a cylindrical structure with a semicircular cross section.
6. The tea tree breeding method of the water and fertilizer integrated auxiliary air string type layering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the solid block substrate (2) is provided with a pipe joint (6), the upper end of the pipe joint (6) is provided with a conical boss (7), and the outer diameter of the boss (7) is larger than the inner diameter of the rubber hose (8).
7. The tea tree breeding method of the water and fertilizer integrated auxiliary air string type layering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: after step e), covering the greenhouse with a plastic film in 12 months, and removing the plastic film covered by the greenhouse in 3 months in the next year.
8. The tea tree breeding method of the water and fertilizer integrated auxiliary air string type layering as claimed in claim 1, wherein: repeating steps a) through f) after step g).
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