CN106342556A - Large-scale grafting and seeding breeding method of excellent masson pine clones - Google Patents

Large-scale grafting and seeding breeding method of excellent masson pine clones Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106342556A
CN106342556A CN201610718613.8A CN201610718613A CN106342556A CN 106342556 A CN106342556 A CN 106342556A CN 201610718613 A CN201610718613 A CN 201610718613A CN 106342556 A CN106342556 A CN 106342556A
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China
Prior art keywords
grafting
stock
massoniana lamb
pinus massoniana
carry out
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CN201610718613.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈虎
谭健晖
杨章旗
蒙青松
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Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute
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Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute
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Publication of CN106342556A publication Critical patent/CN106342556A/en
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Abstract

The invention discloses a large-scale grafting and seeding breeding method of excellent masson pine clones. The method comprises the steps of stock selecting and breeding, scion stock plant breeding, cutting selecting, grafting conducted through a cut grafting method, grafting seedling managing, water and fertilizer managing in the seedling stage, outplanting and the like. According to the method, fine masson pine or slash pine varieties of which the growth speed is high in the seedling stage are selected as stocks to be bred, the excellent masson pine clones are taken as scion stock plants, and cuttings and stocks which are not semi-lignified are adopted for grafting. By applying the method, the stock plants can generate a large quantity of cuttings all year round, grafting can be conducted in any season, grafting can be directly conducted on conventional light medium seedlings, the graft union healing and growing speed is high, the breeding time is shortened to 5-6 months and shortened by 60%-70% compared with conventional grafting seeding breeding, the labor and production cost is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the grafting survival rate is 98% or above, the excellence characteristics of the excellent clones are guaranteed, and development of large-scale, intensified and industrialized production is promoted.

Description

Pinus massoniana Lamb superior clone scale grafting seedlings-growing method
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant graft technical field, more particularly, to a kind of Pinus massoniana Lamb superior clone scale graft seedling growth Method.
Background technology
Pinus massoniana Lamb is south China most important fast-growing and high-yield timber forest seeds, is that " double increasing " target work is realized in China's forestry Go out major contribution.According to statistics, in south China forest reserves 16.9% derive from Pinus massoniana Lamb.At present, cause Pinus massoniana Lamb people The not high one of the main reasons of work woods improved variety degree is that Pinus Massoniana Lamb In Seed Orchard breeding yield is relatively low.Instantly Pinus massoniana Seedlings are bred Mainly based on seedling, although can ensure its fine quality to greatest extent by clonal reproduction, China also opens in succession Open up horse hair pine cuttage, grafting and tissue cultured seedling nursery, but generally effect is also undesirable.By long period experimental study, horse Tail pine graft survival rate obtains larger raising, and cultivates and relatively costly make it be only used for the construction of breeding garden and germplasm gene pool Above it is impossible to large-scale application is in afforestation.
Content of the invention
The horse that the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is a kind of low production cost of offer, cultivation period is short, grafting efficiency is high Tail pine superior clone scale grafting seedlings-growing method.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention employs the following technical solutions:
Pinus massoniana Lamb superior clone scale grafting seedlings-growing method, comprises the following steps: the selection of<1>stock and cultivation,< 2>cultivation of mother plant for cutting, the selection of<3>fringe bar,<4>cut-grafting method grafting, the management of<5>grafting,<6>seedling stage water and fertilizer management, <7>outplanting;Wherein, step<1>selects the fireballing Pinus massoniana Lamb of seedling growth or pinus elliottii breeding to cultivate as stock, step Suddenly<2>, using Pinus massoniana Lamb superior clone as mother plant for cutting, step<3>is transferred using the fringe bar before semi-lignified and stock Connect.
Step<1>is carried out by following operation: selects in the fast Pinus massoniana Lamb of seedling stage Collar diameter growth or pinus elliottii as stock Cultivated.
Step<2>is carried out by following operation: selects Pinus massoniana Lamb superior clone semi-annual grafting as maternal plant, according to strain Line-spacing 2m × 2m is colonized, and carries out cutting top after growing two-wheeled side shoot, grows in side shoot and newly after a while all side shoots is repaiied Cut so as to continue differentiation tender slightly, by that analogy, force break elite stand dormancy so as to required fringe bar can be formed in the four seasons;According to Pinus massoniana Lamb Light media seedling-raising technique is cultivated to stock, using a diameter of 4.0cm × 4.5cm non-woven bag as nutrition Cup, substrate adopts conventional substrate, and full price phosphate fertilizer of spray in every 10 days, according to general two days water drenchings of weather once, according to routine side Method carries out daily management, enables stock to form first round side shoot in the position of liftoff footpath 1-2cm, cultivating seedlings 3-4 month.
Step<3>is carried out by following operation: the fringe bar of employing is newly to extract the tender fringe to semi-lignified of 3-6cm children out Bar, optimal (in fringe bar, needle is just released) to have just enter into semi-lignified fringe bar, diameter reaches 0.3-0.5cm, plucks in fringe bar Wrapped up with wet towel afterwards or cover, it is to avoid be exposed to the sun under High temperature.
Step<4>is carried out by following operation: in grafting the previous day, stock nutrient cup is poured permeable, treats stock needle and stem Carry out grafting after anhydrous;With blade at stock liftoff footpath 2-3cm position (the general side shoot retaining stock lowest part), more than it Position removes;With blade in the middle of stock cross section to incision 1-1.5cm, with handss, the needle being ready for fringe bar is erased, only Retain from the nearest 2-3 wheel needle of terminal bud, away from 0.5-1cm below terminal bud, splayed with blade, form a 1- 1.5cm lozenges, splays a 0.5cm lozenges at the positive back side of lozenges, it is ensured that stock in the stock that fringe bar insertion is cut The cambium layer having side with fringe bar align (typically basically identical using fringe bar and stock size, do not need under normal circumstances deliberately Carry out), with Grafting clip (2.0cm × 1.5cm × 1.0cm), fringe bar and stock otch binding site are fixedly clamped afterwards.
Step<5>is carried out by following operation: after the completion of grafting, grafting is placed on the place of the facility that shelters from heat or light, transfers in 7 days Socket part position can not have water, such as in temperature high summer, can be watered, in graft union all healed below graft union position Afterwards, with reference to step<2>method, grafting is managed.
Step<6>is carried out by following operation: 1-2 Rhizoma Anemarrhenae tree monthly applies full price phosphate fertilizer once, and each 0.5kg, 3-4 give birth to When monthly apply full price phosphate fertilizer once, each 1.0kg, life in 4 years is above monthly to apply full price phosphate fertilizer once, each 1.5kg;Apply fertilizer every time Afterwards, as do not rained, elite stand is sprayed or drip irrigation, enable elite stand quickly to absorb fertilizer, carried out the conventional prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
Step<7>is carried out by following operation: reach and during the country-level Seedling Criterion of Pinus massoniana Lamb, just can go out garden, means of transportation with Conventional Pinus massoniana Lamb Light media Seedling is consistent.
The problem existing for the cultivation of current Pinus massoniana Lamb, inventor establishes a kind of Pinus massoniana Lamb superior clone scale and transfers Connect method for culturing seedlings, the selection including stock and cultivation, the cultivation of mother plant for cutting, the selection of fringe bar, cut-grafting method grafting, grafting Management, the step such as seedling stage water and fertilizer management, outplanting.This method selects the fireballing Pinus massoniana Lamb of seedling growth or pinus elliottii breeding to make Cultivate for stock, using Pinus massoniana Lamb superior clone as mother plant for cutting, grafting is carried out using the fringe bar before semi-lignified and stock. The application present invention can make maternal plant whole year all can produce a large amount of fringe bars, all can carry out grafting in any season, in conventional Light media Miao Shangke directly carries out grafting, interface healing and fast growth, and the cultivation time shortens to 5-6 month, than the training of conventional grafting Educate shortening 60-70%, save manpower and production cost, substantially increase work efficiency, simultaneously graft survival rate 98% with Above it is ensured that the good characteristic of superior clone, promote scale, intensive, industrialization production development.With existing Pinus massoniana Lamb Graft technology is compared, and outstanding advantages of the present invention are specific as follows:
(1) most optimum materials are adopted as stock, it is flourishing, effectively that fast growth, well developed root system, trunk increase slightly fast, side shoot Shorten stock and cultivate the time;
(2) stock cultivates simple, low cost, and present invention cultivation stock is consistent with conventional seedbed system method, decreases stock more Change the relevant expense of mug, and can cultivate, in 3-4 month, the stock that can use, greatly shorten stock and cultivate the time;
(3) fringe bar maternal plant goes out that the fringe time is fast, it is big to go out fringe amount, by being pruned to elite stand and managing, can be formed a large amount of Fringe bar, and all fringe bars growth very short time just can use;
(4) grafting operation is simple, a simple cut anvil of need-cut fringe-several step of insertion-fixation, only needs plastics when fixing Grafting clip is fixed, and repeatable utilization, and graft material expense is negligible;
(5) due to carrying out grafting using the fringe bar before semi-lignified and stock, interface healing is fast, and survival rate is high, after healing Growth is rapid.
(6) grafting cultivation period is short, grafting efficiency is high, low production cost, unit area nursery amount are big, economic benefit shows Write, be large-scale production Pinus massoniana Lamb grafting to be carried out with popularization play good Demonstration Application effect.
Specific embodiment
Following examples concrete operation step is carried out with reference to preceding method.
Embodiment 1
<1>from 464 parts of excellent Pinus massoniana Lamb familys and 50 parts of excellent pinus elliottii familys of the selection-breeding of Guangxi forest-science academy, by right The mensure in seedling stage is observed to select and is cultivated as stock in seedling stage Collar diameter growth Pinus massoniana Lamb the fastest or pinus elliottii family.Choosing After preferentially good Pinus massoniana Lamb or Slash pine seed carry out accelerating germination, move in the Light media nutrient cup that specification is 4.0cm × 4.5cm, Spray in every 10 days once crosses full price phosphate fertilizer, according to general 2 days water drenchings of weather once, conventionally carries out daily management.
<2>select semi-annual grafting as maternal plant, be colonized according to seeding row spacing 2m × 2m, after growing two-wheeled side shoot Carry out cutting top, grow in side shoot and newly after a while all side shoots are plucked so as to be continued that differentiation is tender slightly, by that analogy, pressure is beaten Broken elite stand dormancy is so as to can form required fringe bar in the four seasons.Elite stand monthly applies full price phosphate fertilizer once, each 0.5-1.5kg, After fertilising, such as do not rain, elite stand is sprayed or drip irrigation, carry out the conventional prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
<3>cultivate 3-4 month in stock, diameter reaches standby after 0.3-0.5cm;Fringe bar grow 3-6cm children tender to half wood Matter, after diameter reaches 0.3-0.5cm, plucks fringe bar and with wet towel parcel or covers, prevent from being exposed to the sun under High temperature.
<4>in grafting the previous day, stock nutrient cup is poured permeable, after stock needle and stem are anhydrous, carry out grafting.
<5>use blade at stock liftoff footpath 2-3cm position, it is removed with upper bit.With blade in stock cross section Between to incision 1-1.5cm, with handss, the needle being ready for fringe bar is erased, only retain from terminal bud nearest 2-3 wheel needle, from At 0.5-1cm below terminal bud, splayed with blade, form a 1-1.5cm lozenges, splay one at the positive back side of lozenges 0.5cm lozenges, by the fringe bar stock that cuts of insertion, minimum side cambium layer to it, use afterwards Grafting clip (2.0cm × 1.5cm × 1.0cm) fringe bar and stock otch binding site are fixedly clamped.
<6>grafting is placed on the place of the facility that shelters from heat or light after the completion of grafting, is not watered in 7 days after grafting (as in temperature high summer, can be watered below graft union position), after graft union all healed, according to conventional seedbed system Method is managed to grafting.Grafting healed interface in 7 days, survival rate to 98%.
Reference examples
<1>the conventional nursery stock cultivated 6 months is transferred to the non-woven bag that specification is 10-12cm, the high 14-18cm of cup, often Carry out stock again to cultivate 6 months with conventional method;
<2>from mother plant for cutting, collection grows to 15-20cm, and a diameter of 0.7-1.0cm semi-lignified fringe bar uses wet towel Parcel is standby;
<3>in the suitable grafting of nursery stock, grafting is carried out using medulla cambium layer rendezvous method, is tied up using grafting membrane Wrap up in, concentrate in nursery and grafting is managed, Seedling graft union to be grafted heals after surviving (1 month about spring, winter 2 Individual month about);
<4>after grafting survival, will be tied up with blade and wrap up in position and cut off, stock top ending position be cut off, other stock parts Motionless;
<5>fringe bar grow 10-15cm about when, point progressively branch on stock is cut off for 3 times, is carried out using conventional method Cultivate;
<6>can be transplanted when cultivating 6-12 month, before transplanting, grafting root be goed deep into soil part and remove, enter Row seedling exercising 1 month.Grafting healing is slow, and survival rate is between 75-90%.
Result shows, the stock cultivation period of embodiment 1 is 3-4 month, and compares 1 year about the time of needs, and compares Needs carry out changing the process such as cup, increased seedling cost, and embodiment 1 effectively shortens stock and cultivates the time.Embodiment 1 adopts The nutrient cup of 4.0cm × 4.5cm specification, comparison needs the nutrient cup of 10-12cm, dramatically increases substrate, nutrient cup and artificial one-tenth This, embodiment 1 floor space is little, only the 4% of comparison, improves land utilization ratio, and does not need to carry out moving cup, convenient pipe Reason.The embodiment 1 fringe bar cultivation time is shorter, as long as that extracts out newly slightly can carry out grafting, and compares and fringe bar specification is had more Strict requirements, fringe bar utilization rate is not high.Embodiment 1 engrafting method is simple and quick, and those of skill in the art one day can grafting 800- 1000 plants, and control operations step is many, those of skill in the art's grafting in a day between 120-180 strain, the survival rate energy of embodiment 1 Enough reach 98% about, to impinging upon between 75-90%, illustrate to compare the graft technology adopting to technical staff in whole grafting In journey, the requirement of each link is higher.Embodiment 1 fringe bar is in the same size with stock, and is in the young tender stage, puts fringe bar on request Enter stock survival rate high.Comparison is larger due to cutting big, the stock fringe bar of making a slip of the tongue, and is easily lost moisture it is necessary to be wrapped up.Embodiment 1 when interface is fixing only need to Grafting clip fix just can, operation is very easy, and Grafting clip is reusable repeatedly, further Reduce cost.Embodiment 1 interface healing rate is fast, and after healing, late growing stage is fast, and it is long, in agglutination to compare healing time In also occur and do not survive phenomenon.Embodiment 1 just can go out garden in cultivation to normal nursery stock, easy packed and transported, and cost of transportation is low, And compare due to the growth of long-time nursery, to carry out cutting root, long-time seedling exercising before transport, cost of transportation is high, in transportation Because nursery stock is excessive, lead to root substrate easily loose, cause plantation survival rate low.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of Pinus massoniana Lamb superior clone scale grafting seedlings-growing method is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:<1>stock Select and cultivation, the cultivation of<2>mother plant for cutting, the selection of<3>fringe bar,<4>cut-grafting method grafting, the management of<5>grafting,<6> Seedling stage water and fertilizer management,<7>outplanting;Wherein, step<1>selects the fireballing Pinus massoniana Lamb of seedling growth or pinus elliottii breeding to make Cultivate for stock, using Pinus massoniana Lamb superior clone as mother plant for cutting, step<3>adopts the fringe bar before semi-lignified to step<2> Carry out grafting with stock.
2. Pinus massoniana Lamb superior clone scale grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step<1> Carry out by following operation: select and cultivated as stock in the fast Pinus massoniana Lamb of seedling stage Collar diameter growth or pinus elliottii.
3. Pinus massoniana Lamb superior clone scale grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step<2> Carry out by following operation: select Pinus massoniana Lamb superior clone semi-annual grafting as maternal plant, carry out according to seeding row spacing 2m × 2m Field planting, carries out cutting top after growing two-wheeled side shoot, grows in side shoot and newly after a while all side shoots is pruned so as to be continued to break up Tender slightly, by that analogy so as to required fringe bar can be formed in the four seasons;According to Pinus massoniana Lamb Light media seedling-raising technique, stock is trained Educate, using a diameter of 4.0cm × 4.5cm non-woven bag as nutrient cup, every 10 days spray full price phosphate fertilizer, two days water drenchings one Secondary, carry out daily management, make stock form first round side shoot in the position of liftoff footpath 1-2cm, cultivating seedlings 3-4 month.
4. Pinus massoniana Lamb superior clone scale grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step<3> Carry out by following operation: the fringe bar of employing is newly to extract the tender fringe bar to semi-lignified of 3-6cm children out, and diameter reaches 0.3- 0.5cm.
5. Pinus massoniana Lamb superior clone scale grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step<4> Carry out by following operation: in grafting the previous day, stock nutrient cup is poured permeable, after stock needle and stem are anhydrous, carry out grafting; With blade at stock liftoff footpath 2-3cm position, it is removed with upper bit;With blade in the middle of stock cross section to incision 1- The needle being ready for fringe bar is erased by 1.5cm with handss, only retains from the nearest 2-3 wheel needle of terminal bud, below terminal bud At 0.5-1cm, splayed with blade, formed a 1-1.5cm lozenges, splayed a 0.5cm wedge at the positive back side of lozenges Shape face, by the fringe bar stock that cuts of insertion it is ensured that the cambium layer that stock and fringe bar have side aligns, afterwards with Grafting clip by fringe Bar and stock otch binding site are fixedly clamped.
6. Pinus massoniana Lamb superior clone scale grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step<5> Carry out by following operation: after the completion of grafting, grafting is placed on the place of the facility that shelters from heat or light, in 7 days, grafting part can not have water, After graft union all healed, with reference to step<2>method, grafting is managed.
7. Pinus massoniana Lamb superior clone scale grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step<6> Carry out by following operation: 1-2 Rhizoma Anemarrhenae tree monthly applies full price phosphate fertilizer once, each 0.5kg, 3-4 monthly apply full price phosphorus when raw Fertilizer once, each 1.0kg, life in 4 years is above monthly to apply full price phosphate fertilizer once, each 1.5kg.
8. Pinus massoniana Lamb superior clone scale grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step<7> Carry out by following operation: when reaching the country-level Seedling Criterion of Pinus massoniana Lamb, go out garden.
CN201610718613.8A 2016-08-24 2016-08-24 Large-scale grafting and seeding breeding method of excellent masson pine clones Pending CN106342556A (en)

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CN109673289A (en) * 2018-12-28 2019-04-26 贵州省林业科学研究院 A method of improving masson pine grafting efficiency

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