CN112970447A

CN112970447A - Hard branch grafting method for treating horseshoe-shaped stock for preventing walnut tree from being wounded and flowing

Info

Publication number: CN112970447A
Application number: CN202110326339.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 覃永刚; 李年麒; 许艳; 汤虎春; 张慧娟; 肖静
Original assignee: Lueyang County Forestry Work Station
Current assignee: Hanzhong Qinba Ecological Protection Center; Lueyang Qinling Ecological Protection Center
Priority date: 2021-03-26
Filing date: 2021-03-26
Publication date: 2021-06-18

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of walnut planting, and discloses a horseshoe-shaped stock treatment hardwood grafting method for preventing walnut trees from being wounded, which comprises five steps of stock treatment, scion cutting, scion inserting, binding and water discharging. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) according to the horseshoe-shaped stock treatment hardwood grafting method for preventing the walnut tree from being wounded and flowing, the walnut improved varieties are introduced by methods such as grafting and the like for asexual propagation, so that an effective way for popularizing the improved varieties of the walnuts is provided; (2) according to the method for treating hardwood grafting by using the horseshoe-shaped rootstock for preventing the walnut tree from being scratched, the walnut tree has large root pressure and heavy bruise, tannin in the bruise can quickly block nutrient exchange between a scion and a rootstock cambium and block the supply of nutrition of the rootstock to the scion, the bruise is one of key factors influencing the walnut grafting survival rate, and the control of the bruise is a key technology for walnut grafting survival.

Description

Hard branch grafting method for treating horseshoe-shaped stock for preventing walnut tree from being wounded and flowing

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of walnut planting, and particularly relates to a method for treating hardwood grafting by using a horseshoe-shaped stock for preventing walnut trees from being wounded and flowing.

Background

The walnuts have a long cultivation history in China, but most of the walnuts are forest stands bred by the actual walnuts, the varieties are mixed, the quality is not uniform, the quality is poor, and the economic benefit is not high. The quality, the quality and the benefit of walnut forest stand are improved. The asexual propagation by introducing improved walnut seeds by methods such as grafting and the like is an effective way for promoting improved walnut seed production.

Because the walnut tree has large root pressure and heavy bleeding, tannin in bleeding can quickly block nutrient exchange between the scion and a rootstock cambium and block the supply of rootstock nutrition to the scion, the bleeding is one of key factors influencing the high and low survival rate of walnut grafting, and the control of the bleeding is a key technology for walnut grafting survival.

In view of this, this patent is filed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the U-shaped stock treatment grafting technology can effectively prevent walnut bleeding damage and improve the grafting survival rate.

The invention aims to provide a method for treating hardwood grafting by using a horseshoe-shaped stock for preventing a walnut tree from being injured and flowing.

According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the method for treating the hardwood grafting by using the horseshoe-shaped rootstock for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree comprises the following steps:

a. rootstock (cut) treatment: selecting a straight and smooth part of a modified grafting tree, cutting the upper end of the modified grafting tree at an angle of 10-15 degrees of the cross section of the stock to form a horseshoe-shaped section, transversely cutting a crescent-shaped cut at the high end of the cross section by using a grafting knife, and cutting off the old and thick tree bark of the stock under the cut to expose tender bark; vertically cutting a leather part of 0.2-0.4 cm at the lower end of the cross section by using a grafting knife, and tearing 14-16 cm of the cut leather part downwards to form a wound releasing groove;

b. scion cutting: selecting a wood full scion, cutting the scion into branch sections with the length of 15-20 cm, leaving 1-2 full buds at the upper end, cutting the lower end into a long tongue-shaped section, wherein the cut surface is smooth, and the front end is cut into a thin tongue shape for later use;

c. and (3) grafting scion: slightly uncovering the bark layer of the cut long-tongue-shaped scion from the xylem, inserting the xylem of the scion into the cambium part of the cut crescent-shaped cut of the stock, namely between the bark and the xylem, wherein the bark layer stripped from the scion just covers the longitudinally cut tender bark of the stock, and the insertion depth of the scion is proper for firmly combining and exposing part of a scion section (1-1.5 cm, commonly called exposed white);

d. wrapping: after the scion is inserted into the stock, a plastic bag is firstly sleeved from the upper end to the connector; the lower opening of the bag is covered with the cut rootstock cortex, and then the air in the bag is discharged; after the scion is fixed at the interface, tightly winding the cutting part of the stock and the scion in a spiral ascending mode by using a grafting film; using plastic ropes to tie a plurality of circles, wherein the tying and the binding are performed according to the degree;

e. draining water: 2-3 saw cuts are spirally sawn at the lower end of the main trunk of the stock, the saw cuts are staggered up and down, the depth of each saw cut reaches the xylem, namely, water discharging operation is carried out, and the whole grafting work is completed.

According to the method for treating the hardwood grafting by the horseshoe-shaped rootstock for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree, according to the specific embodiment of the invention, the upper end of the rootstock is cut off at an angle of 10-15 degrees in the cross section in the step a to form a horseshoe shape, a crescent-shaped cut is cut at the high end of the cross section by a grafting knife, and the old and crude bark of the rootstock is cut off under the cut to expose tender bark; vertically cutting a skin part of 0.2-0.4 cm at the lower end of the cross section by using a grafting knife, and tearing 14-16 cm of the cut skin part downwards to form a wound releasing groove.

According to the method for treating the hardwood stocks to graft the horseshoe-shaped stocks for preventing the bleeding of the walnut trees, in the step a, the stocks are in the field, have good conditions, strong tree vigor, obvious trunks or main branches, no diseases or insect pests, and are grown in the tree age of 1-5 years.

According to the horseshoe-shaped rootstock treatment hardwood grafting method for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree, according to the specific embodiment of the invention, the saplings with the rootstock cut diameter of 1.5-4 cm in the step a are grafted by single-end grafting.

According to the horseshoe-shaped rootstock treatment hardwood grafting method for preventing the walnut tree from being wounded and flowing, the scion section in the step b is 8-12 cm.

According to the method for treating the hardwood grafting by using the horseshoe-shaped rootstock for preventing the walnut tree from being wounded and flowing, the scion in the step b is not a branch from the walnut leaf falling to 20-30 days before the walnut tree sprouts in spring.

According to the method for treating the hardwood grafting by the horseshoe-shaped rootstock for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree, which is disclosed by the specific embodiment of the invention, the scion in the step b is a hardwood scion, and the hardwood scion refers to a healthy annual development branch which is collected and has the thickness of the middle upper part of a crown of 1-2 cm, a small medulla, a full branch, a full bud and no diseases and insect pests.

According to the horseshoe-shaped rootstock treatment hardwood grafting method for preventing the walnut tree from being wounded and flowing, the storage method of the scion in the step b is as follows: after collection, removing the thick branches and the pure male flower buds according to the quality requirement, keeping the length of 45-55 cm, and immediately sealing cut openings with wax; according to variety classification, bundling one bundle every 50-100, tying a label, putting the label into a cellar at a shady position in time, tightly filling the scion gap with wet sand, controlling the temperature to be 0-5 ℃, and storing the scion with the relative humidity of 80% for later use; or digging a pit 2 m deep, covering at least 50cm of wet soil on the pit after the scion is placed, and arranging a ventilation opening in the cellar when the amount of stored scion strips is large.

According to the horseshoe-shaped rootstock treatment hardwood grafting method for preventing the walnut tree from being injured and flowing, the lower end of the trunk in the step e is more than 20 centimeters away from the ground.

According to the method for grafting the hard branches by treating the horseshoe-shaped rootstocks for preventing the walnut trees from hurting and flowing, the grafting time is from 3 late to 4 middle ten days after the walnut trees sprout in spring to the time when the young shoots grow to 10 cm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) according to the horseshoe-shaped stock treatment hardwood grafting method for preventing the walnut tree from being wounded and flowing, the walnut improved varieties are introduced by methods such as grafting and the like for asexual propagation, so that an effective way for popularizing the improved varieties of the walnuts is provided;

(2) according to the grafting method for treating the hard branches by using the horseshoe-shaped rootstock for preventing the walnut tree from being injured by flowing, the horizontal section of the rootstock is improved to be 10-15 degrees in a cross section, grafting is carried out at the high end of the cross section, a grafting knife is used for vertically cutting a bark part of about 0.3 cm at the low end of the cross section, and the cut bark part is torn downwards to be about 15 cm and used as an injury releasing groove. The walnut tree has large root pressure and heavy bleeding, tannin in bleeding can quickly block nutrient exchange between the scion and a rootstock cambium and block the supply of rootstock nutrition to the scion, the bleeding is one of key factors influencing the high and low survival rate of walnut grafting, and the control of the bleeding is a key technology for walnut grafting survival.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the actual effect of sawing a rootstock;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the actual effect of grafting completion;

FIG. 3 is a graph of survival of the Mariothis rivularis grafting for 46 days;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of the actual effect of a conventional grafting saw rootstock;

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the actual effect of conventional grafting and bandaging;

fig. 6 is a graph of the actual effect of the conventional grafting ponding situation.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.

The raw materials adopted in the invention are all commercial products and can be purchased from common commercial channels.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a method for treating hardwood grafting by using a horseshoe-shaped stock for preventing a walnut tree from being injured and flowing, which comprises the following steps:

1. preparation before grafting

1.1 scion Collection

1.1.1 acquisition time: the walnut can be collected 20-30 days after the walnut leaves fall and before the walnut sprouts in spring. In cold winter or early spring areas where shoots are prone to be pulled out, the shoots are preferably collected before and after the first day of New year's day. The collection is preferably carried out in the first 2 months or middle ten days without storage conditions such as a refrigerator.

1.1.2 scion selection: the hard branch scion refers to a robust annual development branch which is collected from a crown with the thickness of 1-2 cm or more at the middle upper part, small medulla, full branch development, full bud and no disease or pest.

1.1.3 storage of scions: after the scion is collected, the thick branches and the pure male flower buds are removed according to the quality requirement, the length is kept to be 45-55 cm, and the cut is immediately sealed by wax. According to variety classification, bundling one bundle every 50-100, tying a label, putting the label into a cellar at a shady position in time, tightly filling the scion gap with wet sand, controlling the temperature to be 0-5 ℃, and storing the scion with the relative humidity of about 80% for later use. A pit with the depth of 2 meters can also be dug, and after the scions are placed, at least 50 centimeters of wet soil is covered on the pit. When the amount of the stored spike strips is large, the cellar is provided with a vent. The winter climate cold region can be collected before spring sprout, and can be used with ear or low temperature short-term storage. During long-distance transportation, attention should be paid to prevent wind from blowing and losing water, and the tent cloth is preferably used for covering the container tightly.

1.2 rootstock selection: the method is characterized in that seedling walnut trees and low-yield walnut trees which have good conditions in the field, strong tree vigor, obvious trunks or main branches, no plant diseases or insect pests and 1-5-year old are selected as modified stocks. The quantity of the selected plants per mu is about 30 plants, and the plants are distributed as uniformly as possible.

1.3 grafting material: grafting knife, handsaw, plastic bag, grafting film, tying rope, scion, etc.

2. Grafting time: is determined according to the waiting period of the walnut. The hard grafting is carried out for a proper time from the beginning of the spring to the end of the new shoot which grows to 10cm, namely 3 late to 4 middle.

3. Grafting method

Treating and grafting the horseshoe-shaped stock: the young tree with the diameter of 1.5-4 cm can be connected with a single head. The straight and smooth part of the branch of the modified grafting tree is selected, the upper end of the branch is cut off at an angle of 15 degrees of the cross section of the stock to form a horseshoe shape, a crescent-shaped cut of 4 cm is cut at the high end of the cross section by a grafting knife, and the old and crude bark of the stock is cut off under the cut to expose tender bark (tender bark with the thickness of about 2 mm is remained). The peeling length is slightly longer than the long tongue-shaped section of the scion. A grafting knife is used for vertically cutting a skin part of 0.2 cm at the lower end of the cross section, and the cut skin part is torn downwards by 14 cm to be used as a wound releasing groove. Selecting a wood-filled scion, cutting the scion into branch sections with the length of 15 cm, leaving 1-2 full buds at the upper end, cutting the lower end into a section with the length of 8-12 cm, smoothing the cut surface, and cutting the front end into a thin tongue shape (convenient to insert between a rootstock cortex and a xylem) for later use. The bark layer of the cut long-tongue-shaped scion is slightly torn off from the xylem, the xylem of the scion is inserted into the cambium part (between the bark and the xylem) of the cut crescent-shaped cut of the stock, the bark layer stripped from the scion just covers the longitudinally cut tender bark of the stock, and the insertion depth is suitable for combining the scion section (1-1.5 cm, commonly called exposed white) firmly and less. After the scion is inserted into the stock, a plastic bag with the length of 40-45 cm and the diameter of 25-30 cm is sleeved from the upper end to the connector. The lower opening of the bag is covered with the cut rootstock cortex, and then the air in the bag is discharged. After the scion is fixed at the interface, the cutting part of the stock and the scion are tightly wound by using a grafting film (mulching film) in a spiral ascending mode, so that the scion is prevented from losing water; and (3) binding a plurality of circles by using a plastic rope, wherein the binding and the firm binding are performed. Sawing 2 saw cuts at the lower end (more than 20 cm away from the ground) of the main trunk of the stock, wherein the depth of the saw cuts is preferably deep to xylem, and the saw cuts are staggered up and down.

4. Post-inoculation management

4.1 sprout removal: after the buds on the scion germinate, the buds on the stock (the modified old tree) need to be removed in time, so as to avoid influencing the growth of the scion. If the bud on the scion can not germinate (the bud withers, falls off and the like), a part of the bud on the stock can be properly reserved, and the buds in different directions are selected so as to facilitate bud grafting remediation in summer, otherwise, the stock can die. The bud picking and bud removing are generally carried out for 2-4 times after the grafting, the time depends on the bud condition of the stock, and the bud removing is carried out twice in the next year of survival of the grafting.

4.2, air release: and (3) after 20-30 days of grafting, the scion begins to germinate, branches and leaves are spread, observation is carried out once every 2-3 days, a small opening can be formed in the upper end of the plastic bag when the compound leaves grow to 7-10 cm, and the tender tips are gradually adapted to the external environment. Note that: when the air opening is opened, the air opening is from small to large, the air opening can not be opened at one time, and the bag can not be removed early. If the scion bud is not germinated or the bud is short, the upper opening of the plastic bag can be tightened, and the plastic bag is opened to release air after the bud is germinated and the young sprout is extended.

4.3 binding the bracket: when the young shoots grow to about 30cm, the windproof rods with the length of about 1.0-2.0 m are bound at the joints in time, the young shoots are lightly bound on the windproof rods to prevent wind from folding, and the trees are bound for 2-3 times along with the lengthened parts of the young shoots. And (4) after the connection for 2-3 months (from 6 months to 7 last ten days), loosely binding the binding materials at the interface once, but not removing the binding materials, otherwise, influencing the thickening growth of the interface. After 8 ten days, the binding materials can be completely removed according to specific conditions.

4.4 pinching: after the grafting survives, when the young shoots grow to 40cm, pinching in time. And selecting and reserving 2-3 lateral branches with proper direction and distance for each branch of the lateral branches sprouting after pinching, and wiping the rest lateral branches. The male flowers and the female flowers which germinate on the branches are all removed, and the flowers are removed, the fruits are omitted and removed in time.

4.5, soil, fertilizer and water management:

4.5.1 fertilization: after grafting survives, under normal conditions, base fertilizer is applied once before leaf falling. The base fertilizer is applied in a strip ditch or an annular ditch, the depth of the ditch is 30cm, the width of the ditch is 30cm, and the fertilizer is uniformly applied and then buried in soil. And (4) digging 8-10 holes on the vertical projection outer edge of the crown for embedding the top dressing. Also can combine deep ploughing and intertillage fertilization. Different kinds of fertilizers cannot be applied in a mixed manner. According to the actual condition of the project area, farmers can combine intercropping fertilization to meet the needs of trees. And (3) applying farmyard manure and a small amount of additional fertilizer on the slope farmland with partial insufficient fertility, wherein the average amount of farmyard manure applied per mu is 300kg, and the amount of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 50 kg.

4.5.2 irrigation: according to the weather conditions, water is filled in time when water is short, and water is drained in time when water is accumulated.

4.5.3 intertillage weeding: the intercropped walnut gardens are combined with the management of intercropping crops. And (4) loosening the soil and weeding according to the occurrence condition of the weeds without intercropping so as to control the growth of the weeds.

4.6, trimming:

4.6.1 pruning time: the tree form culture and pruning are preferably carried out within 1 month from fruit picking in autumn to before leaf falling or germination in the next year.

4.6.2 reshaping: the tree type is mainly cultured by taking a main stem sparse layer shape as a main culture, the tree type is divided into 2-3 layers, the layer spacing is 40-50 cm, 5-7 main branches are selected and remained, and 3-4 lateral branches are cultured on each main branch at uniform distance; the tree with poor opposite conditions and weak dryness can be shaped into an open heart, 3-5 main branches are selected and reserved, and 4-6 side branches are configured on each main branch.

4.6.3 trimming: the improved garden branches grow faster and fruit bearing is early, all levels of bone dry branches are cultured in the first 3 years, the top superiority and the back branches are controlled, the growth potential of all levels of bone dry branches is adjusted, auxiliary culture branches are fully utilized, and fruiting branch groups are cultured. After entering the full bearing period, pruning according to the following method: a. controlling the secondary branches, namely cutting useless secondary branches which grow excessively before the secondary branches are lignified; selecting and reserving 1-2 strong branches for more than 3 secondary branches extracted from the fruit branches, and removing the rest branches; picking off the core of the selected and remained secondary branches in summer; only one secondary branch is arranged on the bearing branch, and the bearing branch can be cut in spring and summer and cultured into the bearing branch. b. And (4) utilizing the long-stalked branches, namely performing short-cut on the long-stalked branches with spaces in spring and pinching or short-cutting in summer, and culturing the long-stalked branches into fruiting branch groups. c. And (3) thinning the over dense branches, namely thinning the over dense branches from the base in time according to the principle of removing weak and strong residues. d. Treating the lower back branches, namely pruning the lower back branches after germination or at the early stage of branch elongation; if the original mother branch is weakened or the branch angle is smaller, the original branch head can be replaced by the back lower branch or the oblique upper branch, and the original branch head is cut off or cultured into a fruiting branch group.

4.7 prevention and control of pests and diseases

4.7.1 ecological disease and pest prevention technology: the method is characterized in that the trunk is coated with a forest long-acting protective agent, a pest-sticking yellow plate or a pest-sticking adhesive tape is hung, a solar pest killing lamp, bacillus thuringiensis is sprayed, black-bone chickens are bred in forest, and the like, so that the use of pesticides is reduced, and the environmental pollution is reduced.

4.7.2 drug control: mainly preventing and treating walnut shell worms, walnut small gimeracil worms, verdigris aeruginosa, black spot, anthracnose, branch blight and the like. Spreading or spraying insecticide and bactericide. The pesticide adopts bactericidal lipid or deltamethrin; the bactericide is thiophanate methyl or mancozeb and the like.

4.7.3 physical prevention and cure: removing weeds, dead branches, fallen leaves and fallen fruits, and cutting off the dead branches of diseases and pests to be intensively burnt; deep turning or expanding the plate in winter, increasing fertilizer to strengthen tree vigor and improve resistance.

Example 2

The differences from example 1 are limited to:

3. grafting method

Treating and grafting the horseshoe-shaped stock: the young tree with the diameter of less than 5 cm can be connected with a single head. Selecting a straight and smooth part of a modified grafted tree trunk, cutting the upper end of the modified grafted tree trunk at an angle of 15 degrees of the cross section of the stock to form a horseshoe shape, traversing the high end of the cross section into a crescent-shaped cut by a grafting knife, and cutting off the old and crude tree bark of the stock under the cut to expose tender bark (about 2-3 mm thick tender bark is remained). The peeling length is slightly longer than the long tongue-shaped section of the scion. A grafting knife is used for vertically cutting a skin part of 0.4 cm at the lower end of the cross section, and the cut skin part is torn downwards by 16 cm to be used as a wound releasing groove. Selecting a wood-filled scion, cutting the scion into a branch section with the length of 20 cm, leaving 1-2 full buds at the upper end, cutting the lower end into a section with the length of 12 cm, smoothing the cut surface, and cutting the front end into a thin tongue shape (convenient to insert between a rootstock cortex and a xylem) for later use. The bark layer of the cut long-tongue-shaped scion is slightly torn off from the xylem, the xylem of the scion is inserted into the cambium part (between the bark and the xylem) of the cut crescent-shaped cut of the stock, the bark layer stripped from the scion just covers the longitudinally cut tender bark of the stock, and the insertion depth is suitable for combining the scion section (1-1.5 cm, commonly called exposed white) firmly and less. After the scion is inserted into the stock, a plastic bag with the length of 40-45 cm and the diameter of 25-30 cm is sleeved from the upper end to the connector. The lower opening of the bag is covered with the cut rootstock cortex, and then the air in the bag is discharged. After the scion is fixed at the interface, the cutting part of the stock and the scion are tightly wound by using a grafting film (mulching film) in a spiral ascending mode, so that the scion is prevented from losing water; and (3) binding a plurality of circles by using a plastic rope, wherein the binding and the firm binding are performed. Sawing 3 saw cuts at the lower end of the trunk (more than 20 cm away from the ground), wherein the depth of the saw cuts is preferably deep to xylem, and the saw cuts are staggered up and down.

Example 3

The differences from example 1 are limited to:

3. grafting method

Treating and grafting the horseshoe-shaped stock: the young tree with the connector diameter of 3 cm can be connected with a single end. Selecting a straight and smooth part of a modified grafting tree trunk, cutting the upper end of the modified grafting tree trunk at an angle of 12 degrees of the cross section of the stock to form a horseshoe shape, cutting a crescent-shaped cut of 5 centimeters at the high end of the cross section by using a grafting knife, and cutting off the old and crude tree bark of the stock under the cut to expose tender bark (about 2-3 millimeters thick tender bark is remained). The peeling length is slightly longer than the long tongue-shaped section of the scion. The lower end of the cross section is vertically cut by a grafting knife for about 0.3 cm, and the cut skin part is torn downwards for about 15 cm to be used as a wound releasing groove. Selecting a wood-filled scion, cutting the scion into branch sections with the length of 18 cm, leaving 1-2 full buds at the upper end, cutting the lower end into a section with the length of 10cm, cutting the section smoothly, and cutting the front end into a thin tongue shape (convenient to insert between a rootstock cortex and a xylem) for later use. The bark layer of the cut long-tongue-shaped scion is slightly torn off from the xylem, the xylem of the scion is inserted into the cambium part (between the bark and the xylem) of the cut crescent-shaped cut of the stock, the bark layer stripped from the scion just covers the longitudinally cut tender bark of the stock, and the insertion depth is suitable for combining the scion section (1-1.5 cm, commonly called exposed white) firmly and less. After the scion is inserted into the stock, a plastic bag with the length of 40-45 cm and the diameter of 25-30 cm is sleeved from the upper end to the connector. The lower opening of the bag is covered with the cut rootstock cortex, and then the air in the bag is discharged. After the scion is fixed at the interface, the cutting part of the stock and the scion are tightly wound by using a grafting film (mulching film) in a spiral ascending mode, so that the scion is prevented from losing water; and (3) binding a plurality of circles by using a plastic rope, wherein the binding and the firm binding are performed. 2-3 saw cuts are sawn at the lower end (more than 20 cm away from the ground) of the trunk of the stock, the depth of the saw cuts is preferably deep to xylem, and the saw cuts are staggered up and down.

Comparative test

Test site

The Mayuncu is located at a position 20 kilometers west of the Xioyang county, the altitude is 700-1000 meters, the Mayuncu belongs to a middle-shallow mountain area, soil mainly comprises mountain yellow brown soil, the content of organic matters in the soil is high, the thickness of the soil layer is 40-60 centimeters, the content of the organic matters in the soil is 1.8-2.75%, the content of total nitrogen is 0.11-0.3%, and the pH value of the soil is 6.5-7.0. Belongs to the northern subtropical northern mountain floor heating warm zone warm-humid monsoon climate with the annual average temperature of 13.2 ℃ and the annual average rainfall of 860 mm.

The U-shaped gulf community is located 33 kilometers west of the city of the Xiyang county, the altitude is 600-800 meters, the soil is mainly yellow brown soil, the organic matter content of the soil is high, the thickness of the soil layer is 60-100 centimeters, and the pH value of the soil is 6.5-7.0. Belongs to the northern subtropical northern mountain floor heating warm zone warm-humid monsoon climate with the annual average temperature of 13.5 ℃ and the annual average rainfall of 860 mm.

Test method

The conventional grafting mode adopts the bark-inserting tongue grafting. The grafting period of the bark-inserted and tongue-grafted grafting begins at the beginning of 4 months, but the rootstock and the scion are required to be peeled. Cutting off or sawing off the stock at the grafting position, and flattening the saw cut; the lower end of the scion is cut into an inclined plane with the length of 9-15 cm, and the skin part is pinched open by fingers. Then, a layer of old bark is cut on the smooth side of the stock, the depth is green (phloem), and the length and the width are equivalent to the cutting surface of the scion. The xylem of the scion is gently inserted between the cortex and the xylem of the stock, the cortex of the scion is coated on the bevel of the stock, and the cortex and the xylem are closely combined. And (4) the scions are inserted until the cutting surfaces of the scions are slightly exposed (the cut surfaces are 0.4-0.6 cm), then the scions are tied and bound by plastic tapes, and then the scions are completely wrapped by plastic bags to expose the buds. 2-3 saw cuts are sawn at the lower end (more than 20 cm away from the ground) of the trunk of the stock, the depth of the saw cuts is preferably deep to xylem, and the saw cuts are staggered up and down.

The grafting method of the invention is compared with the conventional grafting method, and the survival rate is compared, wherein the statistical result of the survival rate is shown in table 1:

TABLE 1 rootstock horse ear shape treatment and conventional method survival rate survey statistical table

As can be seen from Table 1, in the village and the gulf of horseshoe, compared with the conventional grafting method, the survival rate of afforestation by grafting by using the method of the present invention is significantly higher than that of the conventional grafting method.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A horseshoe-shaped stock treatment hardwood grafting method for preventing walnut tree bleeding is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a. treating the rootstock: selecting a straight and smooth part of a modified grafting tree, cutting the upper end of the modified grafting tree at an angle of 10-15 degrees of the cross section of the stock to form a horseshoe-shaped section, transversely cutting a crescent-shaped cut at the high end of the cross section by using a grafting knife, and cutting off the old and thick tree bark of the stock under the cut to expose tender bark; vertically cutting a leather part of 0.2-0.4 cm at the lower end of the cross section by using a grafting knife, and tearing 14-16 cm of the cut leather part downwards to form a wound releasing groove;

c. and (3) grafting scion: slightly uncovering the bark layer of the cut long tongue-shaped scion from the xylem, inserting the xylem of the scion into the cambium part of the cut crescent-shaped cut of the stock, namely between the bark and the xylem, wherein the bark layer stripped from the scion just covers the longitudinally cut tender bark of the stock, and the insertion depth of the scion is preferably combined firmly and the scion section with less exposure;

e. draining water: 2-3 saw cuts are spirally sawn at the lower end of the main trunk of the stock, the saw cuts are staggered up and down, the depth of the saw cuts reaches the xylem, namely the water discharging operation is carried out, and the whole grafting work is finished;

b. the method for grafting the hardwood branches by treating the horseshoe-shaped rootstock for preventing the damage and the flow of the walnut tree according to claim 1, wherein the upper end of the rootstock in the step a is cut off at an angle of 10-15 degrees of the cross section of the rootstock to form a horseshoe-shaped cross section, a crescent-shaped cut is transversely cut at the high end of the cross section by a grafting knife, and the old and coarse bark of the rootstock is cut off under the cut to expose tender bark; vertically cutting a skin part of 0.2-0.4 cm at the lower end of the cross section by using a grafting knife, and tearing 14-16 cm of the cut skin part downwards to form a wound releasing groove.

2. The method for grafting the hardwood branches by treating the horseshoe-shaped rootstocks for preventing the walnut tree from being injured by the current flow according to claim 1, wherein the rootstocks in the step a are in the field, have strong tree vigor, have obvious trunks or main branches, are free from diseases and insect pests, and are used for growing walnut trees with the age of 1-5 years and low-yield walnut trees.

3. The method for grafting the hardwood branches by treating the horseshoe-shaped rootstock for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree according to claim 1, wherein the young trees with the rootstock cut diameter of 1.5-4 cm in the step a are grafted by single-head grafting.

4. The method for grafting the hardwood branches by treating the horseshoe-shaped rootstock for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree according to claim 1, wherein the scion section in the step b is 8-12 cm.

5. The method for grafting the hardwood by treating the horseshoe-shaped rootstock for preventing the walnut tree from being injured and flowing according to claim 1, wherein the scion in the step b is a branch from the leaf dropping of the walnut to 20-30 days before the germination in spring.

6. The method for grafting the hard branches by treating the horseshoe-shaped rootstocks for preventing the walnut tree from being injured and flowing according to claim 1, wherein the scions in the step b are hard branch scions, and the hard branch scions refer to collected robust annual development branches with the thickness of the middle upper part of a crown of 1-2 cm, small medulla, full branch development, full buds and no diseases and insect pests.

7. The method for treating hardwood grafting by horseshoe-shaped rootstock for preventing bleeding of walnut tree according to claim 1, wherein the scion is stored in the step b by the following steps: after collection, removing the thick branches and the pure male flower buds according to the quality requirement, keeping the length of 45-55 cm, and immediately sealing cut openings with wax; according to variety classification, bundling one bundle of every 50-100, tying a label, putting the label into a cellar at a shady position in time, tightly filling the scion gap with wet sand, controlling the temperature to be 0-5 ℃, and storing the scion with the relative humidity of 80% for later use; or digging a pit 2 m deep, covering at least 50cm of wet soil on the pit after the scion is placed, and arranging a ventilation opening in the cellar when the amount of stored scion strips is large.

8. The method for grafting the hardwood branches by treating the horseshoe-shaped rootstock for preventing the bleeding of the walnut tree as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower end of the trunk in the step e is more than 20 cm away from the ground.

9. The method for grafting hard branches on a horseshoe-shaped rootstock for preventing the bleeding of a walnut tree according to claim 1, wherein the grafting is performed from 3 to 4 in late to middle of spring from the time of spring germination until the young shoots grow to 10 cm.