CN115211293A - Grafting method for changing high branches of acer truncatum into excellent branches - Google Patents
Grafting method for changing high branches of acer truncatum into excellent branches Download PDFInfo
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- CN115211293A CN115211293A CN202210921980.3A CN202210921980A CN115211293A CN 115211293 A CN115211293 A CN 115211293A CN 202210921980 A CN202210921980 A CN 202210921980A CN 115211293 A CN115211293 A CN 115211293A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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Abstract
The invention provides a grafting method for changing high branches of acer truncatum into excellent branches, and relates to the technical field of plant grafting. The grafting method of the invention makes full use of the mature effect of the big Acer Truncatum Bunge plant individuals, so that the grafted and alive plants can blossom and fruit in advance, and because the rootstock has a complete root system, enough moisture and nutrients can be supplied to the scion, the grafted plants have strong growth and development, the rootstock interface is fast healed, the survival rate of the big tree grafting is as high as 91.56%, the cultivation cost is low, and the breeding period is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant grafting, and particularly relates to a grafting method for changing high branches of acer truncatum.
Background
Acer truncatum Bunge is a male complete plant or an abnormal plant of Aceraceae Acer deciduous tree, is widely distributed in northern mountain areas of China, is a unique tree species of China, has strong adaptability, good material quality, fragrant leaf tea, rich leaf color and strong ornamental value, can extract tannin extract from barks, fruits and leaves, and has great development and utilization values. The acer truncatum bunge seed kernel contains rich oil and protein, the content of the oil is respectively up to 48 percent and 27 percent, the oil is rich in fatty acid and fat-soluble vitamin which are necessary for human bodies, the protein contains all amino acid types which are necessary for human bodies, and the acer truncatum bunge seed oil is approved as a new resource food in 3-22 months in 2011. Therefore, the acer truncatum bunge planting is popularized vigorously, the structure of the existing edible oil can be optimized, the requirements of people on the edible oil are met, and the safety of the edible oil is guaranteed.
Currently, acer truncatum propagation mainly depends on seeding and seedling raising, clone breeding technology research is less (Li Yanju. Acer truncatum breeding technology and application research [ D ]. Beijing university of forestry, 2005.; li Yanju, wang Xingyan, gu Caixia, yang Zhengli. Acer truncatum grafting technology research [ J ]. Shanxi forestry technology, 1996 (03): 12-14.), but the excellent characters of the seeded and seedling-raised varieties are difficult to control, and some seeds are gradually applied with grafting propagation technology by special forests, the grafting technology difficulty is large, the seedling asexual breeding technology is not completely solved, the grafting survival rate is low, and the records are clear, for example, chinese patent CN106069216A (a acer truncatum grafting method) needs hormone treatment during grafting, and the scion root rate after treatment is between 10% and 15%, and the grafting survival rate is low, so the development of acer truncatum is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a grafting method for acer truncatum high branch, which improves the grafting survival rate and the propagation speed of acer truncatum high branch, shortens the flowering and fruiting period, reduces the propagation material consumption of the acer truncatum high branch, and reduces the asexual propagation cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a grafting method for changing high branches of acer truncatum into excellent branches, which comprises the following steps: taking the current-year branch of the superior acer truncatum bearing fruit as a scion and the 5-10-year old acer truncatum as a stock to carry out high grafting;
when high grafting is carried out in spring, a grafting method is adopted;
when high grafting is carried out in autumn, the method of embedded budding with xylem is adopted.
Preferably, when the scion is subjected to high grafting in autumn, the scion is harvested and grafted at any time, the leaves of the harvested scion are cut off immediately, and a section of petiole is reserved.
Preferably, single-head multi-bud grafting of the trunk or multi-head multi-bud grafting of the main lateral branch is carried out according to the tree type and the tree body growth vigor of the rootstock.
Preferably, the method further comprises checking survival condition 15-20 days after the autumn top grafting, performing additional grafting immediately when the bud death occurs, and cutting an anvil in the middle 3 months of spring of the next year after survival to release the ligature.
Preferably, the bud death comprises dry or black bud slices, and the leaf stalks are not easy to fall off.
Preferably, the stock shearing comprises the steps of shearing all stock branches above a grafting opening, removing bound objects, and applying a mixed viscous solution of latex paint and carbendazim at the stock opening.
Preferably, after said survival, the spring of the next year, after new buds sprout, the cryptomeria is erased on average 1 time per 15 days, at least 3 times.
Preferably, when the top grafting is carried out in autumn, the upper branches of the big tree of the rootstock are sawed off in the last 9 months, and the grafted part with the length of 16-28 cm is reserved.
Preferably, in autumn high grafting, a branch section with the length of more than 10cm and 2-4 buds is selected as a scion, before grafting, the method also comprises the steps of cutting the buds on the scion from top to bottom, flatly cutting the upper part of the buds downwards by a knife, transversely beveling the lower part of the buds by a knife, and removing bud pieces which are wedge-shaped and have the length of 2-3 cm.
Preferably, the rootstock is cut according to the width of the bud slice, and a cut is flatly cut from top to bottom at the position with the proper thickness of the rootstock to form a wedge-shaped cut, wherein the size of the cut is similar to that of the bud slice;
and inserting the bud slices into the cut of the cut rootstock, aligning cambiums of the two rootstock and binding.
Has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a grafting method for changing high branches of acer truncatum into excellent branches, which makes full use of the mature effect of the individual acer truncatum big tree plants, so that the grafted and alive plants can bloom and fruit in advance; and the influence of weather is small when grafting, and the trunk does not need to be cut off in advance, thereby saving manpower.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an operation diagram of wood-embedded budding in autumn;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of spring grafting.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a grafting method for changing high branches of acer truncatum into excellent branches, which comprises the following steps: taking the current-year branch of the superior acer truncatum bearing fruit as a scion and the 5-10-year old acer truncatum as a stock to carry out high grafting;
when high grafting is carried out in spring, a grafting method is adopted;
when high grafting is carried out in autumn, the method of embedded budding with xylem is adopted.
When the high grafting is carried out in spring, the scion is preferably from an improved acer truncatum seed mother tree which has no plant diseases and insect pests, grows robustly, has high yield and high quality, and the current year growing branch which has the advantages of robust growth, proper thickness, no plant diseases and insect pests and full bud is selected as the scion or the branch of the last year after long-time refrigeration, and leaves and leaf stalks are not reserved when the high grafting is carried out (figure 2).
When the xylem-embedded budding is carried out in autumn, the scions are preferably picked and grafted at any time before the grafting, the leaves of the picked scions are cut off immediately, and a section of leaf stalk is reserved to reduce water evaporation. The scion is preferably a high-quality acer truncatum improved variety mother tree which is free of diseases and insect pests and grows robustly and has high yield, the current-year-growing branches which are robust in growth, proper in thickness, free of diseases and insect pests and full in bud bodies are selected from the periphery of the crown, and the branches are cut into branch sections (with 2-4 buds) with the length being more than 10cm and used as the scion; the scions are bundled into small handles, and the base parts are wrapped with wet gauze to prevent water from losing and graft as soon as possible.
According to the invention, a 5-10 year old big tree is preferably used as a rootstock, single-head multiple-bud (2-3 buds) grafting of a trunk or multi-head multiple-bud grafting of main lateral branches (3-5 branches) is carried out according to the tree type and the growth vigor of the tree body, rootstock breaking is carried out in the last 9 months, namely, the upper branch of the selected rootstock big tree is sawed off, branches with the length of about 20cm are reserved to form the rootstock, and high grafting is carried out in autumn (figure 1).
After the scion and the rootstock are selected, the scion cutting and bud taking are preferably carried out, more preferably, the bud cutting on the scion is carried out from top to bottom, a cut is flatly cut downwards from the upper part of the bud, a cut is transversely obliquely cut from the lower part of the bud to take off bud pieces, the bud pieces are wedge-shaped, the length is 2-3 cm, and the width is different. The method also comprises the step of cutting the stock to enable the size of the cut to be close to that of the bud slice, wherein the step of cutting the stock preferably comprises the step of flatly cutting a cut from top to bottom at a position with proper thickness according to the width of the scion bud slice to form a wedge-shaped cut. The cut bud slices are inserted into the cut of the cut stock, cambium layers of the cut stock and the cambium layers of the cut stock are aligned to the upper, lower, left and right sides as much as possible, and the grafting films are wound and bound on the peripheries of the stock and the scion, so that the bud slices and the buds are wrapped, and the strength is moderate.
According to the invention, after grafting, the management after grafting is preferably further included, for example, survival conditions are checked in 15-20 days after grafting, and grafting needs to be supplemented immediately when bud death occurs, wherein the bud death preferably includes withered or black bud pieces, and leaf stalks are not easy to fall off. The post-grafting management of the invention preferably further comprises cutting stocks and picking buds, wherein the cutting stocks preferably comprises cutting off all stocks above a grafting opening in the middle ten days of 3 months in the spring of the next year after the grafting survives, removing a grafting film, and coating a mixed viscous solution of latex paint and carbendazim on the stock openings; the bud picking preferably comprises picking the hidden buds 1 time every 15 days after the new buds sprout in the spring of the next year, at least 3 times of bud picking is needed, and the bud picking comprises all the hidden buds on the upper part and the lower part of the grafting opening.
When the invention is used for grafting in spring, a bark grafting method is preferably adopted, the scion is preferably collected before tree buds sprout in early spring, the scion is cut into scions after seed strips are collected, the length of the scion is 3-5 cm, and the lower end of the scion is cut into a 1.5cm long horse ear-shaped inclined plane. Dipping the scion cut surface with 80-l of paraffin wax at 00 ℃ to prevent water loss, cooling, laying in a pit or a basement in a shade place, and burying with wet sand. In the invention, when the branch grafting is carried out in spring, the stock preferably takes a 5-10 year old big tree as the stock, the single-head multi-scion (2-3) grafting of the trunk or the multi-head multi-scion grafting of the main lateral branch (3-5 branches) is carried out according to the tree type and the growth vigor of the tree body, and the stock shearing of the trunk or the stock shearing of the main lateral branch (3-5 branches) is preferably carried out before the grafting according to the tree type and the growth vigor of the tree body. The bark grafting of the invention is preferably carried out before the stock sprouts, and the scion treatment method preferably comprises the following steps: selecting a plump bud, cutting into a 2cm long inclined plane below the back of the plump bud, wherein the inclined plane needs to be smooth, the cortex at the tail end of the cut surface is not separated from the xylem, the cortex on the back of the inclined plane is cut off a little, and finally, the scion is cut at a position 1cm away from the upper end of the second bud, wherein the whole scion requires two buds, and the length is about 3-5 cm.
The invention preferably uses the left hand to pinch open the cortex at the top end of the cut opening of the rootstock, so that the cut cortex and the xylem are separated to form a pocket shape, the scion inclined plane is inserted into the pocket opposite to the cortex of the rootstock until the scion inclined plane is tightly inserted, the cortex of the rootstock can not be inserted and split or the cortex of the scion can not be inserted and wrinkled, binding is carried out after grafting, and the grafting is carried out to timely supplement grafting of survivors. The invention uses black plastic film as best binding material, which can reduce the sunshine and improve the grafting survival rate.
The present invention provides a method for grafting acer truncatum by changing the top branch of acer truncatum, which is described in detail below with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The grafting and high grafting treatment is carried out on 5-10 year old stocks in Shandong lotus in spring of 2020:
(1) Ear strip selection: collecting the scions before the sprouts of the trees in early spring, cutting the scions after seed strips are collected into the scions, wherein the length of the scions is 3-5 cm, and the lower ends of the scions are cut into 1.5 cm-long horse ear-shaped inclined planes. Dipping the scion cut surface with 80-l of paraffin wax at 00 ℃ to prevent water loss, cooling, laying in a pit or a basement in a shade place, and burying with wet sand.
(2) Selecting a stock big tree: selecting a big tree growing for 5-10 years as a stock, and performing single-head multi-scion (2-3) grafting of a trunk or multi-head multi-scion grafting of main lateral branches (3-5 branches) according to the tree type and the growth vigor of a tree body;
(3) Grafting time: before the stock wood sprouts.
(4) The grafting method comprises the following steps:
a. and cutting the scion. Selecting a plump bud, cutting into a 2cm long inclined plane below the back of the plump bud, wherein the inclined plane needs to be smooth, the cortex at the tail end of the cut surface is not separated from the xylem, the cortex on the back of the inclined plane is cut off a little, and finally, the scion is cut at a position 1cm away from the upper end of the second bud, wherein the whole scion requires two buds, and the length is about 3-5 cm.
b. And cutting the rootstock. According to the tree shape and the growth vigor of the tree body, cutting stocks on the trunk or cutting stocks on the main side branches (3-5 branches);
c. and (5) inserting the scions. The left hand is used for pinching open the cortex at the top end of the cut opening of the stock, the cut cortex and the xylem are separated to form a pocket, the scion inclined plane of the right hand is inserted into the pocket opposite to the bark of the stock until the scion inclined plane is tightly inserted, and the scion cortex cannot be inserted into the cut opening or the scion cortex is wrinkled.
d. And (6) binding. The best black plastic film is selected as the bandage for grafting, so that the sunlight irradiation can be reduced, and the grafting survival rate is improved. Timely supplement and connection are carried out on survivors.
(5) Post-grafting management
a. And (5) bud picking. When the sprout young shoots grow to 7 cm-10 cm, selecting and reserving one young shoot which grows upright and strong as a seedling stem, and wiping the rest young shoots from the base part.
b. And (5) fertilizing and watering. Topdressing once every month for 6-8 months, continuously applying for 2-3 times, ditching and topdressing 10 kg-15 kg/667m of urea for the first two times 2 15 kg-20 kg/667m of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied for the third ditching 2 . Watering in time after topdressing.
c. Loosening soil and weeding. In the growing season, the weeds are removed in time by adopting an artificial method according to the condition of the weeds in the nursery lands. And digging hoe and loosening soil in time after raining or irrigation. At least 6-7 times in the year.
225 acer truncatum bunge is grafted by the method, and the grafting survival rate is counted in 6 months and 7 days in 2020, and 206 survivals in total, wherein the grafting survival rate is 91.56%; and can blossom and bear fruits in the same year and form high yield after 2 to 3 years.
Example 2
In 2018, in autumn, the rootstock growing in 5-10 years is subjected to grafting top grafting treatment with xylem embedded buds in autumn by a Shandong Yiyuan:
(1) Ear strip selection: selecting acer truncatum bunge which has no disease and insect damage, strong growth and high yield and quality, selecting current-year-grown branches which have strong growth, proper thickness, no disease and insect damage and full buds at the periphery of a crown, and shearing the branches into branch sections (with 2-4 buds) with the length of more than 10cm as scions. Bundling the scions into small bundles, wrapping wet gauze on the base part to prevent water from losing, and grafting as soon as possible;
(2) Selecting a stock big tree: selecting a big tree growing for 5-10 years as a stock, and carrying out single-head multi-bud (2-3 buds) grafting on a trunk or multi-head multi-bud grafting on main lateral branches (3-5 branches) according to the tree type and the growth vigor of a tree body;
(3) Breaking the anvil: in the last ten days of 9 months, sawing off the upper branches of the big tree of the rootstock selected in the step (2), and reserving branches with the length of about 20cm to form the rootstock;
(4) Cutting the scions and taking buds: cutting the buds on the scions from top to bottom, flatly cutting the upper parts of the buds downwards by a knife, transversely beveling the lower parts of the buds by a knife to take off bud pieces, wherein the bud pieces are wedge-shaped, have the length of 2-3 cm and have different widths.
(5) Cutting the rootstock: and (4) cutting the rootstock, namely, flatly cutting a cut from top to bottom at a position with proper thickness according to the width of the scion bud slices to form a wedge-shaped cut, wherein the size of the cut is similar to that of the scion cut in the step (4).
(6) Cutting the rice shoot: and (4) inserting the scions cut in the step (4) into the stock cuts cut in the step (5) to enable cambiums of the two stocks to be aligned up and down, left and right as much as possible.
(7) Ear fixing: the grafting film is wound and bound on the periphery of the stock and the scion to wrap the bud sheet and the tender bud with moderate strength.
(8) Post-grafting management
a. Cutting an anvil: after the grafting survives, all the stocks above the grafting opening are cut off in the middle ten days of 3 months in spring of the next year, the grafting film is removed, and the stock opening is coated with a mixed viscous solution of emulsion paint and carbendazim.
b. Bud picking: in spring of the next year, after new buds sprout, the hidden buds are wiped for 1 time every 15 days on average, at least 3 times of buds are wiped, and the wiping buds comprise all hidden buds on the upper part and the lower part of a grafting opening.
225 acer truncatum bunge are grafted by the method, the survival rate is counted in 2019, 5 months and 11 days, 186 acer truncatum bunge survives are obtained, and the survival rate is as high as 82.87%; and the flower and the fruit begin to blossom in 2019, and the yield is formed within 2-3 years.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A grafting method for high branch exchange of acer truncatum, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: taking the current-year branches of the superior acer truncatum trees bearing fruits as scions and taking 5-10-year-old acer truncatum big trees as stocks to carry out high grafting;
when high grafting is carried out in spring, a grafting method is adopted;
when high grafting is carried out in autumn, the method of embedded budding with xylem is adopted.
2. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein in autumn high grafting, the scion is grafted with the scion after harvesting, and the harvested scion is cut off leaves immediately, and a leaf stalk is reserved.
3. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the trunk single-head multiple-bud grafting or the main lateral branch multi-head multiple-bud grafting is performed according to the tree type and the tree body growth vigor of the rootstock.
4. The grafting method according to claim 1, further comprising checking for survival after 15 to 20 days of top grafting in autumn, performing additional grafting immediately when a bud death occurs, and removing ligatures by cutting an anvil in the middle 3 months in spring next year after survival.
5. The grafting method according to claim 4, wherein the bud death comprises withered or black buds, and the petioles are not easy to fall off.
6. The grafting method according to claim 4, wherein the cutting of the stock comprises cutting all stock branches above the grafting opening, removing the ligature, and applying a mixed viscous solution of latex paint and carbendazim at the opening of the stock.
7. The grafting method according to claim 4, wherein after the survival, in the spring of the next year, and after the new bud sprouts, the hidden bud is erased on average 1 time every 15 days, and at least 3 times.
8. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein in autumn top grafting, the upper branch of the big rootstock tree is sawn off in the last 9 th month, and a grafting part with the length of 16-28 cm is reserved.
9. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein in autumn high grafting, a branch segment with a length of more than 10cm and 2-4 buds is selected as a scion, before grafting, the method further comprises the steps of cutting the buds on the scion from top to bottom, flatly cutting the upper part of the buds downwards by a knife, transversely bevelling the lower part of the buds by a knife, and removing bud pieces which are wedge-shaped and have a length of 2-3 cm.
10. The grafting method according to claim 9, wherein the rootstock is cut according to the width of the bud slice, and a notch is cut on the proper thickness part of the rootstock from top to bottom to form a wedge-shaped notch, wherein the size of the notch is similar to that of the bud slice;
and inserting the bud slices into the cut of the cut stock, aligning the cambium layers of the bud slices and the cut stock, and binding.
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| CN110169304A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-08-27 | 成都市农林科学院 | Walnut branching grafting method |
| CN112136529A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-29 | 青岛抬头生态农业有限公司 | Bud grafting seedling method for acer truncatum |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104871837A (en) * | 2015-05-31 | 2015-09-02 | 陈绍勇 | Twig grafting method for engrafting in crown of camellia oleifera tree |
| CN105432335A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-30 | 德兴市荣兴苗木有限责任公司 | Patch budding method for sweetgum in growth stage |
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| CN112136529A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-29 | 青岛抬头生态农业有限公司 | Bud grafting seedling method for acer truncatum |
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