CN102405774A - Walnut rectangular bud grafting method - Google Patents
Walnut rectangular bud grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102405774A CN102405774A CN201110237071XA CN201110237071A CN102405774A CN 102405774 A CN102405774 A CN 102405774A CN 201110237071X A CN201110237071X A CN 201110237071XA CN 201110237071 A CN201110237071 A CN 201110237071A CN 102405774 A CN102405774 A CN 102405774A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a walnut rectangular bud grafting method, which comprises the following steps that: (A) selection of a grafting time; (B) collection and storage of scions; (C) grafting; (D) management after the grafting; and the step (C) grafting comprises the following operation: (1) selecting parental stock; (2) getting bud of the scion; (3) grafting; and (4) binding films. Walnut which is grafted in the method has high survival rate and fast growth speed, is applicable to the long grafting time, is convenient to re-graft, has low grafting cost, and also has the advantages of short fruiting period, high yield and stable transferring of excellent properties of excellent variety of the walnut.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fruit tree planting technique field, relate in particular to the method for a kind of walnut pane shape bud grafting.
Background technology
Walnut is classified as first of the world's four big dry fruits with its abundant nutrition and unique local flavor.But, limited by traditional cultivation means and technical conditions, the walnut of early stage plantation is main with the late real walnut variety culture that grows directly from seeds, about 95% walnut is planted in the mountain area, is distributed in the Gou Po nonirrigated farmland more.These seedling trees, kind are various in a jumble, and colony mixes, the existing a century of going up of bigger one-tenth tree.Though this late real walnut growth adaptability that grows directly from seeds is stronger, the back generally needs of planting just can be yielded positive results in about 15 years, and deficiency in economic performance yields poorly, and is commonly called as " the walnut grandfather plants the tree grandson and eats ".
In recent years; Along with people's is to the understanding of walnut nutritious value; The walnut price is increasingly high, is badly in need of the walnut kind of a large amount of high quality and stable yields in the production, and becoming improved seeds and the good improved seeds nursery stock of culturing and planting grafting to existing seedling tree reconfiguration is preferably the fastest approach.Yet it is main that traditional walnut grafting method connects with hard lopwood, and the two whip grafts of many employings: promptly the time of the year when autumn changes into winter is gathered scion, preserves then, carries out grafting after germinateing 1 year spring.Because receive the influence of bleeding and tannin, the grafting difficulty is big, survival rate is lower, and specification requirement is high.Therefore, walnut grafting is a most active field in the present domestic walnut scientific research, also is a main difficult technical in the cultivation of walnut high-quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide high, the suitable grafting time of a kind of graft survival rate long, be convenient to mend and connect and the method for time saving and energy saving walnut pane shape bud grafting.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this:
The method of a kind of walnut pane shape bud grafting may further comprise the steps:
(1) selection of grafting period;
(2) collection of scion and storage;
(3) grafting;
(4) management after the grafting;
Step (three) grafting comprises following operation:
(1) stock is selected: select to grow, do not bind, bright in color, viridescent or half viridescent, diameter is that interface is made at the annual position of 0.8～1.2cm;
(2) bud is got in scion: in the scion of choosing, choose the medium big bud in developmental branch middle and lower part of robust growth, take off and get that length is not less than 4cm, width is the pane shape bud sheet of 2～3cm;
(3) grafting: the stock grafting position selected, with blades open one skin door, the bud sheet is bumped into Pi Mennei, put the bud sheet after, the stock skin is taken down;
(4) tie up film: with plastic strip with the grafting part bondage.
And in said step (three) the grafting operation (3), selected grafting part should be at the east orientation or the North-East Bound of selected stock.
And in said step (three) the grafting operation (3), the operating procedure of opening the skin door is:
(1) on the stock grafting position, crosscut two reaches the otch of xylem deeply;
(2) left side rip cutting one reaches the otch of xylem deeply and links to each other with transverse incision up and down at the stock grafting position again, prizes skin from left to right and opens the skin door.
And in said step (three) the grafting operation (3), the bud sheet should be bumped into Pi Mennei from left to right fast.
And in said step (three) the grafting operation (3), the operating procedure that takes down the stock skin is:
(1) put the bud sheet after, rip cutting the right stock skin takes down it, and makes the stock skin that takes down greater than the bud sheet, general the right shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally 1～2 millimeter, stock grafting position upper and lower side and bud sheet upper and lower side are combined closely;
(2) show money or valuables one carries unintentionally on the stock right side of grafting part the place be shaped on one to the drainage channel that extends below.
And the middle drainage channel of operating procedure (2) that takes down the stock skin is 5 millimeters of length, wide 2 millimeters otch.
And, in said step (three) the grafting operation (4), tie up the wide 1.5cm of being of the employed plastic strip of film.
And, in said step (three) the grafting operation (4), reserve petiole and bud when tying up film, and at above 3 compound leaves that stay of buddering, the following compound leaf of buddering gets rid of all.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
1, the method for this bud grafting is in walnut growth season grafting, and the walnut bleeding is few or do not have bleeding, and graft survival rate is high.According to statistics, adopt the walnut of this method grafting, its graft survival rate reaches more than 90%.
2, the method scion of this bud grafting has been saved the process that traditional walnut scion grafting scion need be stored with adopting with connecing, and saves labor.
3, the walnut of the method grafting of this bud grafting, its grafting tree interface healing is fast, and the tree bulk-growth is vigorous, and shoot growth enriches, and cold-resistant anti-stripping ability is strong, the survival rate of surviving the winter height.
4. walnut grafting branch of the present invention is difficult for windbreak.
5, the walnut of grafting of the present invention has the survival rate height, fast growth, and suitable grafting time is long, is convenient to benefit and connects, and grafting is with low cost, has also simultaneously that the cycle is short as a result, output is high, the advantage that the good characteristic of walnut improved seeds can stable delivery.
Embodiment
Be described in detail embodiments of the invention below; Need to prove that present embodiment is narrative, is not determinate, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
The method of a kind of walnut pane shape bud grafting comprises the following steps:
One, grafting period
The requirement key in bud grafting period is the degree of lignification of stock and scion, generally carries out in mid-June to mid-July.The grafting period that survival rate is the highest is that the phase is contained in the young sprout thickening growth, is late June; The bud grafting preference temperature is 26～30 ℃, just can take out then and bear new bar about 50cm.The if tree body a little less than, for the branch safe overwintering, at the beginning of 7 months after unsuitable grafting.
Two, the collection of scion and storage
1, the collection of scion: qualified scion should be a lignification developmental branch then preferably, and young tender young sprout should not be made the fringe bar.Adopt budder should be that kind is good, robust growth, semi-lignified, rugosity is at the branch of 1～1.5cm, and requires the eye mature and plump, subcutaneous have mucus.Scion will be avoided with reaping hook and cut with hand shears or averruncator.Clip is smooth, is not oblique stubble.Scion will cut off compound leaf immediately after tree is cut, stay petiole long about 2 centimetres, the fringe bar is tied and deposited 20～30 every bundle according to its length, thickness branch after the collection.Fringe bar base portion will align during bundling, and base portion cuts off the long bending in top or the jejune top tip then with each bundle of top, and the most handy clip of sealing with wax with good conditionsi is in case dehydration.Indicate kind with label at last, in order to avoid chaotic.Do not want tension during bundling, prevent to damage the tender epidermis of branch children.
2, the storage of scion: the scion that bud grafting is used, be mostly summer with using with adopting or of short duration storage, storage time is long more, and survival rate is just low more, and general storage period should not be above 5 days.Because temperature was very high at that time, scion will be difficult to fresh-keeping, and then can reduce graft survival rate.The scion of gathering will wrap up with plastic film, and notes ventilation, and is not salable, and some liver mosses or the wet saw end humidity with the maintenance scion should be placed in the plastic film inboard of parcel; When transporting to grafting ground, in time open film, scion is positioned over moist shady and cool place, and often watering is preserved moisture.Before the general bud grafting scion was immersed in 3～5% the sucrose solution 2～3 hours, survival rate can improve about 10～20%; Or, can prolong storage period with 150～200 times of cmc solns immersions, improve survival rate.
Three, grafting method
1, stock is selected: select to grow, do not bind, bright in color, viridescent or half viridescent, interface is made at 1 year living position of rugosity (diameter) 0.8～1.2cm; Highly do not limit, but the low grafting part of under the situation of conditions being possessed, trying one's best, but the position is smooth, semi-lignified.
2, bud is got in scion: in the scion of choosing, choosing the developmental branch middle and lower part of robust growth, is best with medium big bud, at first will will choose the petiole of buddering with budding knife and scabble little as far as possible; Get bud with the blade crosscut, 2～2.5 millimeters respectively at blade otch apart from bud top, 2～2.5 millimeters apart from the bud bottom, and reach xylem deeply; Then, cut two cuttves along the bud both sides with the vertical symmetry of budding knife again, cutter is apart from being 2～3cm, and the edge of a knife is connected with the crosscut edge of a knife up and down, forms pane shape bud sheet; At last, with cutter the right skin is pried open and to be taken out the bud sheet, get the bud sheet and push-jumply can not take off skin by force for well slightly to make progress, the interior vascular bundle (protecting bud meat) of bud will remain intact.Require pane shape bud leaf length to be not less than 4cm, width 2～3cm.
3, grafting: on the stock grafting position of selected east orientation or North-East Bound, also reach xylem deeply with blade crosscut two cuttves; Then, with the vertical partial application of budding knife elder generation on the left side, reach xylem deeply again, link to each other with two edges of a knife of crosscut up and down; Prize skin from left to right and open the skin door, the bud sheet that has cut is bumped into Pi Mennei from left to right fast, put the bud sheet after; Rip cutting the right stock skin and taking down makes the stock square that takes down be a bit larger tham the bud sheet equally again, and general the right shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally 1～2 millimeter; Combine closely with otch up and down, on do not show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, do not pedal down sky.Simultaneously; Under rip cutting stock the right cortex arrives during transverse incision; Cutter is outwards chosen the stock skin of wide 2 millimeter and is torn the stock skin of 5 millimeters long downwards; So just form one and on the right of the position of buddering, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally the place, solved of the influence of the bleeding of interface ponding grafting survival to the drainage channel that extends below.
4, tie up film: with the bondage of special-purpose grafting plastic strip, plastic strip is wide to be 1.5cm, reserves petiole and bud during wrapping.Usually require with connecing with cutting anvil, at above 3 compound leaves that stay of buddering, the following compound leaf of buddering all gets rid of.
Five, the management after the grafting
Branching out from grafting to healing and rudiment fully needs 30～40 days time, is to guarantee the healthy and strong growth of grafting, should strengthen the management work to grafting:
1, guard against collision: the nursery stock interface that grafting just is good is very infirm, avoids dislocation or splitting that collision causes most.Should forbid people and animals to get into, note not damaging nursery stock during management.
2, except that sprouting: about 20 days, stock is sprouted a large amount of young shoots after the grafting, should in time erase, and sprouts and growth in order to avoid influence is buddered.It is suitable early unsuitable late to remove bud, to reduce unnecessary nutrient consumption.
3, cut anvil and tying up again: a part is not cut or only cut off to stock during bud grafting.Abovely stay 1～2 leaf to cut anvil buddering after the general bud grafting,, can cut anvil if in the recent period maybe rainfall after the grafting time; Connect the back and can cut in 5～7 days and to stay 2～3 compound leaves, when above, wipe out from the above 2cm that budders again to the long 20cm of arriving of the young sprout of buddering.The back influence growth of buddering if petiole rots of become living of bud sheet, the available point of a knife film that will rot scratches, with its rejecting.
4, remove the bondage thing: the nursery stock of outdoor bud grafting, because of stock without transplanting, amount of growth is big, removes the bondage thing in the time of can be more than young sprout length to 30 centimetre, lightens restrictions on too early perk easily around buddering.
5, strengthen rich water quality management: must guard against irrigation fertilization in 2 weeks after the walnut grafting, permeable if the weather arid is just watered once in grafting the last week, with the promotion germination and growth of buddering; When more than the young sprout length to 10 centimetre, in time topdress and water, also can with topdress, pour water and loosen the soil, weeding combines and carries out, healthy and strong for nursery stock is enriched, should suitably control and water autumn, suitably increases phosphorus potash fertilizer; Pinching mid-August can strengthen degree of lignification.
6, benefit connects: behind the sky, be that telogenesis is lived if check bud sheet greening surplus the general grafting 10.Not becoming stock alive in time to mend with grafting to grafting not connects.
Claims (8)
1. the method for walnut pane shape bud grafting may further comprise the steps:
(1) selection of grafting period;
(2) collection of scion and storage;
(3) grafting;
(4) management after the grafting;
It is characterized in that: step (three) grafting may further comprise the steps:
(1) stock is selected: select to grow, do not bind, bright in color, viridescent or half viridescent, diameter is that interface is made at the annual position of 0.8～1.2cm;
(2) bud is got in scion: in the scion of choosing, choose the medium big bud in developmental branch middle and lower part of robust growth, take off and get that length is not less than 4cm, width is the pane shape bud sheet of 2～3cm;
(3) grafting: the stock grafting position selected, with blades open one skin door, the bud sheet is bumped into Pi Mennei, put the bud sheet after, the stock skin is taken down;
(4) tie up film: with plastic strip with the grafting part bondage.
2. the method for walnut pane shape according to claim 1 bud grafting is characterized in that: in the said step (3), selected grafting part should be at the east orientation or the North-East Bound of selected stock.
3. the method for walnut pane shape according to claim 1 bud grafting is characterized in that: in the said step (3), the operating procedure of opening the skin door is:
(1) on the stock grafting position, crosscut two reaches the otch of xylem deeply;
(2) left side rip cutting one reaches the otch of xylem deeply and links to each other with transverse incision up and down at the stock grafting position again, prizes skin from left to right and opens the skin door.
4. the method for walnut pane shape according to claim 1 bud grafting is characterized in that: in the said step (3), the bud sheet should be bumped into Pi Mennei from left to right fast.
5. the method for walnut pane shape according to claim 1 bud grafting is characterized in that: in the said step (3), the operating procedure that takes down the stock skin is:
(1) put the bud sheet after, rip cutting the right stock skin takes down it, and makes the stock skin that takes down greater than the bud sheet, the right shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally 1～2 millimeter, stock grafting position upper and lower side and bud sheet upper and lower side are combined closely;
(2) show money or valuables one carries unintentionally on the stock right side of grafting part the place be shaped on one to the drainage channel that extends below.
6. the method for walnut pane shape according to claim 5 bud grafting is characterized in that: drainage channel is 5 millimeters of length in the said step (2), wide 2 millimeters otch.
7. the method for walnut pane shape according to claim 1 bud grafting is characterized in that: in the said step (4), tie up the wide 1.5cm of being of the employed plastic strip of film.
8. the method for walnut pane shape according to claim 1 bud grafting is characterized in that: in the said step (4), reserve petiole and bud when tying up film, and at above 3 compound leaves that stay of buddering, the following compound leaf of buddering gets rid of all.
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| CN201110237071XA CN102405774A (en) | 2011-08-18 | 2011-08-18 | Walnut rectangular bud grafting method |
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| CN201110237071XA CN102405774A (en) | 2011-08-18 | 2011-08-18 | Walnut rectangular bud grafting method |
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| CN102405774A true CN102405774A (en) | 2012-04-11 |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103858681A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-06-18 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Walnut grafting seedling raising method |
| CN104322287A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-04 | 山西桃运扁桃技术开发研究所 | Graft union film wrapping method capable of quickly removing grafting film during field planting of almond tree |
| CN105265187A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2016-01-27 | 山东农业大学 | Crescent budding method |
| CN105432334A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-03-30 | 南京林业大学 | Bud grafting method for apocarya |
| CN105432335A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-30 | 德兴市荣兴苗木有限责任公司 | Patch budding method for sweetgum in growth stage |
| CN106258512A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2017-01-04 | 贵州省仁怀市欢悦红粱种植有限公司 | A kind of butternuts green branch grafting method |
| CN107371854A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-24 | 合肥果成科技有限公司 | One planting fruit-trees method for increasing |
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2011
- 2011-08-18 CN CN201110237071XA patent/CN102405774A/en active Pending
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103858681A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-06-18 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Walnut grafting seedling raising method |
| CN104322287A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-04 | 山西桃运扁桃技术开发研究所 | Graft union film wrapping method capable of quickly removing grafting film during field planting of almond tree |
| CN104322287B (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-09-21 | 山西桃运扁桃技术开发研究所 | A kind of grafting mouth that can quickly remove grafting membrane when almond field planting wraps up in embrane method |
| CN105265187A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2016-01-27 | 山东农业大学 | Crescent budding method |
| CN105432335A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-30 | 德兴市荣兴苗木有限责任公司 | Patch budding method for sweetgum in growth stage |
| CN105432334A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-03-30 | 南京林业大学 | Bud grafting method for apocarya |
| CN105432334B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2019-04-09 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of budding method of apocarya |
| CN106258512A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2017-01-04 | 贵州省仁怀市欢悦红粱种植有限公司 | A kind of butternuts green branch grafting method |
| CN107371854A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-24 | 合肥果成科技有限公司 | One planting fruit-trees method for increasing |
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Application publication date: 20120411 |