CN112075301A

CN112075301A - Method for increasing transplanting survival rate of custard apple garden building in dry and hot valley areas

Info

Publication number: CN112075301A
Application number: CN202010993749.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李春华; 朱映安; 余菡; 唐宗福; 曹云海
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-09-21
Filing date: 2020-09-21
Publication date: 2020-12-15

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the survival rate of a custard building garden of pineapple in a dry and hot river valley area. The invention directly transplants after grafting the bare root stock seedling, the seedling grows quickly after survival, has no seedling revival phenomenon, and can bloom and bear fruits in advance. According to the method, the selection of the grafting from the first ten days of 4 to the last ten days of 5 is determined according to the climate characteristics of the dry and hot valley region, the grafting and transplanting are performed as close to the rainy season as possible, rainwater can be connected after 1 month of grafting, and the grafting survival rate can be improved due to the increase of air humidity. The invention adopts the grafting device for grafting, and people who do not learn the grafting technology can operate the grafting device, and the grafting efficiency is 1.5 times of that of the common manual cutting grafting. The thickness of the stock is preferably 0.6-1.5 cm, a smooth interface is difficult to form by using a grafting device when the thickness of the stock is less than 0.6cm, and the grafting survival rate is reduced; the bleeding amount is increased when the thickness is larger than 1.5cm, and the bleeding liquid is accumulated to cause the rot of the graft mouth. The scions can be stored by wet sand to delay germination for about 30 days, so that grafting and transplanting can be performed as near as possible in rainy seasons.

Description

Method for increasing transplanting survival rate of custard apple garden building in dry and hot valley areas

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for improving the survival rate of a plant garden.

Background

Anagekya (Atemoya, cusard apple), also known as Custard pineapple or Custard apple, is an Annonaceae (Annonaceae) perennial fruit tree. The custard apple is a hybrid bred in 1908 years in Florida, USA, belongs to tropical and subtropical special fruit trees, and is one of the most economic cultivation value trees. The pineapple cake is snow white, soft, fine and smooth, fragrant and sweet, slightly sour, has the unique flavor of pineapple, and has the sugar degree of 28 percent (Brix), so the pineapple cake is very popular with consumers.

In recent years, as the traditional fruit planting area is rapidly enlarged, the planting benefit is obviously reduced, but the current small fruit trees with the characteristics of the heat zone such as the ananas sakiangensis have higher planting benefit and better market prospect, and part of fruit growers and enterprises begin to grow and develop. The grafted bare-rooted seedlings and cup seedlings adopted by other tree species can damage the root systems in the transplanting process, so that the early growth vigor is slow, the damage of the root systems is serious, and even the plants can die. At present, the patent proposes a method of planting seedlings in open field and then grafting scions after the seedlings grow to the grafting degree, but the method needs to transplant the seedlings firstly and then complete the variety grafting, the time for building the garden is relatively long, the nutrition period is long, the fruiting time is late, and the time for grafting and the management period after grafting need to run all corners of the garden, which is labor-consuming and time-consuming. In addition, the garden building and transplanting of the custard apple in the dry and hot valley areas are subject to dry and hot climatic conditions of strong illumination, high air temperature and low humidity, the requirements on grafting technology are high, the transplanting survival rate is greatly influenced by climatic factors, field management and the like, and the garden building survival rate is always low.

Disclosure of Invention

1. Technical problem to be solved

The technical scheme to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for improving the transplanting survival rate of custard apple garden building in dry and hot valley areas, aiming at the problem that the custard garden building and transplanting of custard apple is easily influenced by grafting technology, weather conditions, field management and the like, the grafting survival rate is improved by technical means of the custard garden building method, transplanting time, grafting method, rootstock thickness, scion selection, scion treatment, germination period management, field water management and the like, so that the rapid growth of plants can be ensured, the seedling raising cost is reduced, the production is advanced, and the rapid development of the custard apple industry can be accelerated.

2. Technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for improving the survival rate of custard apple orchard in dry and hot valley areas is improved in the following planting steps:

(a) transplanting and building a garden: directly transplanting the bare-root stock seedlings in the field after grafting, building a garden with the row spacing of 2 multiplied by 3 meters, watering root fixing water for covering a mulching film after transplanting, and inserting branches on the side edges of the seedlings for shading. The plant row spacing is 2 multiplied by 3 meters so as to achieve high yield in advance; the silver-coated black film is beneficial to locking the soil moisture under the dry and hot weather condition, saving water, reducing the soil temperature while weeding and improving the transplanting survival rate; the branch sunshade is used for reducing the strong light in the dry and hot valley area to inhibit the terminal bud and the new leaf growth.

(b) Grafting and transplanting time: the grafting and transplanting are carried out near the rainy season as far as possible so as to catch rainwater to increase the air humidity and ensure the transplanting and grafting survival rate. The grafting time is delayed when rainwater in the dry and hot valley area comes late, so that the rainwater is grafted to increase the air humidity and improve the grafting survival rate. The best grafting time of the custard apple in the dry and hot valley area is from late 4 months to early 5 months, the grafting survival rate is low due to the weather of the dry and hot valley when the grafting time is too early, and branches die due to the long storage time of scions when the grafting time is too late.

(c) The grafting method comprises the following steps: grafting by adopting a grafting device, winding the grafting opening tightly by using a degradable grafting film to prevent moisture evaporation, and sealing the top end of the scion by using the grafting film to prevent moisture evaporation. The method has the advantages that the SONO grafting device produced in Taiwan is very simple, convenient and quick to graft, can be operated by people who do not learn the grafting technology, the grafting efficiency is 1.5 times of that of common manual cutting grafting, and the rootstock and the scion joint processed by the grafting device are smooth and have good fitting degree; the degradable grafting film can be used for avoiding the unbinding work, and the film can be naturally degraded and fall off after 90d grafting.

(d) Thickness of the stock: the custard-apple seedling bare-rooted seedlings are used as the rootstocks, and the thickness of the rootstocks is preferably 0.6-1.5 cm. The thickness of the stock is less than 0.6cm, a smooth interface is difficult to form by using a grafting device, and the grafting survival rate is reduced; the bleeding amount is increased when the thickness is larger than 1.5cm, and the bleeding liquid is accumulated to cause the rot of the graft mouth.

(e) Selecting scions: selecting robust vegetative shoots in the annual dormancy stage as scions, wherein the thickness is 0.6-1.2 cm, and removing leaf stalks to expose buds.

(f) Scion treatment: scion branches are cut into lengths of 40-50 cm, and 30 scion branches are stored in a bundle of wet sand. The germination time of the custard apple is usually before the middle and last ten days of 4 months, and the grafted branches germinate later than the middle and last ten days of 4 months; the scions are stored by wet sand, so that the germination can be delayed for about 30 days; during storage, the scions are kept fresh by ventilating and moisturizing.

(g) And (3) management of a germination period: after grafting and transplanting, the scion starts to germinate and shoot, meanwhile, the stock germinates and shoots, and when a new branch extracted from the scion grows to about 5cm, the branch extracted from the stock is removed. The sprouting and the lopping of the rootstock are earlier than those of the scion, the growth of the rootstock branch is accompanied with the growth of new roots, and the rootstock branch is wiped off too early to avoid the growth of the new roots; when the new scion branches grow to about 5cm, the photosynthesis of the new scion branches is gradually enhanced, and at the moment, the new roots of the rootstock branches can also grow normally after being wiped off.

(h) Field moisture management: the seedling growth process keeps the soil moist.

The method for improving the survival rate of the custard apple orchard building in the dry and hot valley areas comprises the step (a) of adopting a silver black mulching film as the mulching film, and adopting branches which are not easy to fall leaves after being dried as the sunshade branches.

The method for improving the survival rate of custard orchard building in the dry and hot valley area, wherein the optimal grafting and transplanting time in the (b) is from 4 to 5 months.

The method for improving the survival rate of the custard apple orchard building in the dry and hot valley region comprises the step (c) of grafting by using an SONO (silicon oxide nitride oxide) grafting device produced in Taiwan, wherein a degradable grafting film is used as a grafting film.

The method for improving the survival rate of the custard apple orchard in the dry and hot valley area is characterized in that the thickness of the rootstock in the step (d) is preferably 0.6-1.5 cm.

The method for improving the survival rate of the custard apple orchard in the dry and hot river valley area comprises the step (f) of storing the scions by wet sand, wherein ventilation and air permeability are needed, and moisture is also needed.

The method for improving the survival rate of the custard apple orchard in the dry and hot valley area comprises the step (g) of wiping off new branches of the stocks when the new branches of the finger scions grow to about 5cm in the management of the germination period.

3. Advantageous effects

In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

(1) the invention directly transplants after grafting the bare root stock seedling, the seedling grows quickly after survival, has no seedling revival phenomenon, and can bloom and bear fruits in advance.

(2) According to the method, the selection of the grafting from the first ten days of 4 to the last ten days of 5 is determined according to the climate characteristics of the dry and hot valley region, the grafting and transplanting are performed as close to the rainy season as possible, rainwater can be connected after 1 month of grafting, and the grafting survival rate can be improved due to the increase of air humidity.

(3) The invention adopts the grafting device for grafting, and people who do not learn the grafting technology can operate the grafting device, and the grafting efficiency is 1.5 times of that of the common manual cutting grafting.

(4) The thickness of the stock is preferably 0.6-1.5 cm, a smooth interface is difficult to form by using a grafting device when the thickness of the stock is less than 0.6cm, and the grafting survival rate is reduced; the bleeding amount is increased when the thickness is larger than 1.5cm, and the bleeding liquid is accumulated to cause the rot of the graft mouth.

(5) The scions can be stored by wet sand to delay germination for about 30 days, so that grafting and transplanting can be performed as near as possible in rainy seasons.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1:

1. testing the influence of seasons on the survival rate of grafting garden building: grafting Annona odorata in Yangtze county, Henshai province, Guancun, of Lijiang, Yunnan, respectively at 15 days of 2 months, 1 day of 3 months, 15 days of 3 months, 1 day of 4 months, 15 days of 4 months, 1 day of 5 months and 15 days of 5 months, transplanting, adopting a grafting device to perform branch grafting, keeping two buds for each scion, shading the sun with eucalyptus branches, and selecting 50 plants with consistent rootstock thickness. Survival was investigated 2 months after grafting as shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 influence of seasons on survival rate of grafting orchard establishment

The test result shows that: and 7 different times of grafting and transplanting are carried out, and the time with better survival rate is from 4 middle ten to 5 last ten. The analysis reason is mainly that rainfall hardly exists in 11 months to 6 months of the next year in the dry and hot valley region, the illumination is strong and the air humidity is low in the period, rainfall gradually exists only after the middle and the last days of the 6 months, the air humidity is gradually increased, the survival rate of early grafting is reduced due to dry and hot climate, the grafting time is properly delayed to 4 middle and 5 last days, rainwater can be connected after 1 month of grafting, and the grafting survival rate can be improved due to the increase of the air humidity.

2. The influence of grafting of the grafting device and the artificial grafting on the grafting survival rate is tested: the grafting of the grafting device is compared with the artificial grafting in 15 days 4 months in the Shanxi village of the Yongsheng county in Lijiang City of Yunnan, the sunlight is shaded by eucalyptus branches, and 50 plants with the same rootstock thickness are selected. The survival rate was investigated 2 months after grafting. The test result shows that: the survival rate of the adopted grafting device is 92 percent, the survival rate of the artificial grafting is 89 percent, and the survival rate of the grafting device is higher than that of the artificial grafting. The analysis reason is mainly that the rootstock and the scion formed by the grafting device are smooth in interface and high in attaching degree, and wound healing is facilitated.

3. The influence of the grafting device on the grafting efficiency is tested: the person who has not undergone professional grafting training grafts 60 plants about 1 hour with "SONO grafting machine" produced in Taiwan, and the person who has undergone professional grafting training and is skilled in grafting grafts 40 plants about 1 hour, and the grafting efficiency of the grafting machine is 1.5 times of that of the person who has undergone professional grafting training, and the grafting can be completed without grafting training.

4. The influence test of the grafting film on grafting unbinding comprises the following steps: the common grafting film and the degradable grafting film are adopted for wound binding, the degradable grafting film gradually and naturally falls off after 90d grafting, and the common grafting film still binds the wound and needs manual unbinding.

5. The influence of branch sunshade on the grafting survival rate is tested: the method is characterized in that 50 plants with consistent rootstock thickness are selected for the two treatments of no sun shading and eucalyptus branch sun shading in Taiwan China, namely 'SONO grafting device' grafting transplantation in the Yangtze village of the Shanghai province of Yongsheng county in Yunnan Lijiang city on day 4 and 15. The survival rate was investigated 2 months after grafting. The test result shows that: the survival rate of the treatment adopting the eucalyptus branches for shading is 92 percent, the survival rate of the treatment adopting the eucalyptus branches for shading is 76 percent, and the survival rate of the eucalyptus branches for shading is higher than that of the treatment adopting the eucalyptus branches for shading. The analysis reason is mainly that there is almost no rainfall in the dry and hot valley area from 11 months to 6 months of the next year, the illumination is strong in the period, the air humidity is low, the terminal bud and new leaf transpiration is enhanced under the condition of no sun shading, the root system is weak, and the survival rate is reduced; the sunlight can reduce the illumination intensity, reduce the transpiration of terminal buds and new leaves and improve the survival rate.

6. The influence of the thickness of the stock on the grafting survival rate is tested: and (2) grafting and transplanting the branches and villages in the Yangtze town of Yongsheng county of Lijiang City in Yunnan on 15 days in 4 months by using an SONO grafting device produced in Taiwan, setting the thicknesses of 4 rootstocks such as 0.6-1.0 cm, 1.1-1.5 cm, 1.6-1.8 cm, 1.9-2.0 cm and the like for treatment, and selecting 50 plants with consistent rootstock thicknesses in each treatment. Survival was investigated 2 months after grafting as shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 influence of rootstock thickness on survival rate of grafting orchard establishment

The test result shows that: the survival rate of the rootstock with the thickness of 0.6-1.5 cm reaches more than 90%, the survival rate of the rootstock with the thickness of more than 1.6cm is gradually reduced, and the rootstock with the thickness of 0.6-1.5 cm is the best. The analysis reason is mainly that the bleeding amount is increased along with the increase of the thickness of the rootstock, and the bleeding liquid is accumulated to cause the rot of the graft mouth.

Example 2:

(1) the garden building method comprises the following steps: directly transplanting the bare-root stock seedlings in the field after grafting, building a garden with the row spacing of 2 multiplied by 3 meters, watering root fixing water after transplanting, covering a silver black mulching film, finally inserting eucalyptus branches on the side edges of the seedlings for shading, and removing the branches when the new scion branches grow to about 15 cm. The number of grafted and transplanted plants is 100.

(2) Grafting and transplanting time: the grafting time is 4 months and 15 days.

(3) The grafting method comprises the following steps: the 'SONO grafting device' produced in Taiwan is adopted for grafting, a degradable grafting film is used for winding the grafting opening tightly to prevent moisture evaporation, the top end of the scion is also sealed by the grafting film to prevent moisture evaporation, and the film is naturally degraded and falls off after 90d of grafting.

(4) Thickness of the stock: the custard apple seedling bare-rooted seedlings are used as stocks, and the thickness of the stocks is 0.6-1.5 cm.

(5) Selecting scions: selecting robust vegetative shoots in the annual dormancy stage as scions, wherein the thickness is 0.6-1.2 cm, and removing leaf stalks to expose buds.

(6) Scion treatment: and cutting the scion branches into 40-50 cm long in 4 months and 1 day, storing the scion branches by using wet sand for one bundle by using 30 scion branches, and grafting the scion branches after 4 months and 20 days. The sand is made of clean river sand, the humidity is that the sand is kneaded into a ball by hands, and the sand is loosened by hands; when the scion is stored, a layer of branches is covered with a layer of sand, the stacking thickness is 30cm, and the sand on the outer surface layer is thickened properly.

(7) And (3) management of a germination period: after grafting and transplanting, the scion starts to germinate and shoot, meanwhile, the stock germinates and shoots, and when a new branch extracted from the scion grows to about 5cm, the branch extracted from the stock is removed.

(8) Field moisture management: the seedling growth process keeps the soil moist.

Observation shows that the survival rate of grafted garden building is 86 percent, and the grafting survival rate is 86 percent.

Example 3:

(2) Grafting and transplanting time: the grafting time is 5 months and 1 day.

(6) Scion treatment: and cutting the scion branches into 40-50 cm long in 4 months and 5 days, storing the scion branches by using wet sand for one bundle of 30 scion branches, and taking the scion branches for grafting in 5 months and 5 days. The sand is made of clean river sand, the humidity is that the sand is kneaded into a ball by hands, and the sand is loosened by hands; when the scion is stored, a layer of branches is covered with a layer of sand, the stacking thickness is 30cm, and the sand on the outer surface layer is thickened properly.

The observation shows that the survival rate of the grafted garden building is 92 plants and the grafting survival rate is 92 percent.

Claims

1. A method for improving the survival rate of custard apple orchard construction in dry and hot valley areas is characterized in that improvement is carried out in the following planting steps:

(a) transplanting and building a garden: directly transplanting the bare-root stock seedlings in the field after grafting, building a garden with the row spacing of 2 multiplied by 3 meters, watering root fixing water for covering a mulching film after transplanting, and inserting branches on the side edges of the seedlings for shading.

(b) Grafting and transplanting time: the grafting and transplanting are carried out near the rainy season as far as possible so as to catch rainwater to increase the air humidity and ensure the transplanting and grafting survival rate.

(c) The grafting method comprises the following steps: grafting by adopting a grafting device, winding the grafting opening tightly by using a degradable grafting film to prevent moisture evaporation, and sealing the top end of the scion by using the grafting film to prevent moisture evaporation.

(d) Thickness of the stock: the custard-apple seedling bare-rooted seedlings are used as the rootstocks, and the thickness of the rootstocks is preferably 0.6-1.5 cm.

(f) Scion treatment: scion branches are cut into lengths of 40-50 cm, and 30 scion branches are stored in a bundle of wet sand.

(g) And (3) management of a germination period: after grafting and transplanting, the scion starts to germinate and shoot, meanwhile, the stock germinates and shoots, and when a new branch extracted from the scion grows to about 5cm, the branch extracted from the stock is removed.

2. The method for improving the survival rate of custard apple orchard establishment in the dry and hot valley area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mulching film in the step (a) is a silver black mulching film, and the sunshade branches are branches which are not easy to fall leaves after being dried.

3. The method for improving the survival rate of custard apple orchard establishment in the dry and hot valley area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (b) the optimal grafting and transplanting time is from 4 to 5 ten days.

4. The method for improving the survival rate of custard apple orchard establishment in the dry and hot valley area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (c) the grafting method adopts an SONO grafting device produced in Taiwan to carry out grafting, and the grafting film adopts a degradable grafting film.

5. The method for improving the survival rate of custard apple orchard establishment in the dry and hot valley area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (d) the thickness of the rootstock is preferably 0.6-1.5 cm.

6. The method for improving the survival rate of custard apple orchard establishment in the dry and hot valley area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (f) storing the scions by adopting wet sand, wherein ventilation and air permeability are required, and moisture is also required.

7. The method for improving the survival rate of custard apple orchard establishment in the dry and hot valley area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (g) the management in the germination period refers to that the new branch of the stock is removed when the new branch of the scion grows to about 5 cm.