CN114503886A - Method and device for improving seedling rate of custard apple bungarus seedlings - Google Patents
Method and device for improving seedling rate of custard apple bungarus seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN114503886A CN114503886A CN202111555381.6A CN202111555381A CN114503886A CN 114503886 A CN114503886 A CN 114503886A CN 202111555381 A CN202111555381 A CN 202111555381A CN 114503886 A CN114503886 A CN 114503886A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of custard apple seedling breeding, and particularly relates to a method and a device for improving the seedling rate of custard apple seedlings, wherein the planting method of custard apple seedlings comprises the following steps: s1: seed taking: collecting large mature fruits with regular shapes and no plant diseases and insect pests from a high-yield and high-quality custard apple parent plant, placing the mature fruits at room temperature for 3-5 days for full soft ripening, taking out the seeds, removing the pectin and sugar attached to the pulp and the surfaces of the seeds, cleaning, filtering, removing impurities, placing the cleaned seeds in a container filled with clear water for fully stirring, standing for 3min, removing the seeds floating on the water surface, retaining the deposited full seeds, and placing the seeds in a cool and ventilated place for airing for later use; the method can improve the seedling rate of the custard seeds to more than 70 percent, has quick seedling emergence, can realize 5 to 7 days of seedling emergence in advance, ensures that seedlings are tidy, can finish germination within 20 to 25 days when the average daily temperature is higher than 25 ℃, and ensures that most of seedling with leaf wilting can also germinate new buds from hypocotyls to normally grow seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seed and seedling breeding of custard apple, and particularly relates to a method and a device for improving the seedling rate of custard apple seedlings.
Background
The custard apple is a modified variety obtained by hybridizing and breeding custard apple and soil-seed custard apple used in the American Florida agricultural test and cultivating and domesticating the custard apple after the introduction of Taiwan China.
The custard apple is favored by consumers because of unique flavor, excellent quality and rich nutrition, is developed into a main cultivated variety in China at present, but takes other species as rootstocks, the fruit characters of the rootstocks are unstable, and the fruit marketability of the rootstocks is high.
At present, the success rate of cutting seedling and layering seedling of custard apple is extremely low, the tissue culture seedling method is not mature temporarily and cannot be applied to actual production, the requirement of custard apple seeds on the seedling environment is extremely high, and the seedling rate of the conventional seeding method is generally lower than 5 percent, so that the invention provides the method and the device for improving the seedling rate of the custard apple anvil seedling.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, solve the problems that the cuttage seedling culture and layering seedling culture of custard apple are extremely low in success, the tissue culture seedling culture method is temporarily immature and cannot be applied to actual production, the requirement of custard apple seeds on the seedling culture environment is extremely high, and the seedling rate of the conventional sowing method is generally lower than 5 percent, the invention provides the method and the device for improving the seedling rate of custard apple seedlings.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a method for improving seedling rate of custard apple anvil seedlings, which comprises the following steps: s1: seed taking: collecting large mature fruits with regular shapes and no plant diseases and insect pests from a high-yield and high-quality custard apple parent plant, placing the mature fruits at room temperature for 3-5 days for full soft ripening, taking out the seeds, removing the pectin and sugar attached to the pulp and the surfaces of the seeds, cleaning, filtering, removing impurities, placing the cleaned seeds in a container filled with clear water for fully stirring, standing for 3min, removing the seeds floating on the water surface, retaining the deposited full seeds, and placing the seeds in a cool and ventilated place for airing for later use; s2: preparing a substrate: taking clean river sand or rock sand with good water-filtering property, sterilizing by using a bactericide, and exposing for 3-5 days for later use; s3: seed treatment: selecting large, full and dark seeds without diseases and insect pests, soaking the seeds in 1% of sodium hydroxide or 1% of thiourea for 24h, rinsing the soaked seeds with sterile water for 3-5 times, and airing for later use; s4: accelerating germination: accelerating germination by using a stainless steel tray with the depth of 5-8cm, wherein the accelerating germination matrix is clean river sand or rock sand with the water content of 10%, the tray is disinfected at high temperature, 1-1.5cm of clean river sand or rock sand with the water content of 10% is covered at the bottom, seeds are uniformly scattered on the surface of wet sand, then wet sand with the water content of 10% is covered by about 2cm, and then the wet sand is placed in an illumination incubator and cultured for 24 hours under 10000Lx illumination; s5: seed sowing: adding sterile water into clean river sand or rock sand, uniformly mixing until the water content is 7%, loading the mixture into a plastic flowerpot with the height of 20cm and the diameter of 20cm and the depth of about 10cm, uniformly scattering 70-80 seeds after raking, covering the wet sand with the water content of 7% by 5-7cm, tightly bundling the pot mouth by using a transparent plastic film to prevent water from being dispersed, and then placing the flowerpot with the seeds in the open air; s6: seedling management: after seeds are sown for 25 days, the upward growth of seedlings is limited by the trapped plastic film at the pot mouth, at the moment, the plastic film is removed at the evening, the seedlings are watered thoroughly, the seedlings are moved to a shade shed, most of the seedlings are about 10cm high, and when 5-6 true leaves grow, the seedlings are watered for 1-2 times by using about 0.1 percent of urea water; s7: transplanting: after dibbling for 90 days, when most seedlings grow to about 15cm and 10-12 true leaves grow, thoroughly watering, taking out the seedlings, cutting off tender stems and leaves at the top end, reserving 3-5 old leaves at the base part, transplanting one seedling into a nutrition bag in a plastic greenhouse, thoroughly watering for fixing roots after transplanting, shading by using a shading net, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 28-32 ℃ and the humidity at 70-80%; s8: seedling stage management: transplanting for about 30 days, spraying foliar fertilizer for 1 time after the seedlings survive, then periodically removing weeds, watering 0.3-0.5% urea water for 1-2 times according to the growth vigor of the seedlings every month, transplanting for about 120 days, removing the sunshade net when the seedlings are 40-50cm high, opening a skylight of a greenhouse for hardening the seedlings, then properly controlling water and fertilizer, and grafting when the seedlings are more than 60cm high and the stem diameter of the position 10cm away from the ground is more than 1.0 cm.
Preferably, the germination accelerating matrix in S4 is prepared by adding clean river sand or rock sand into sterile water, mixing uniformly to make the water content be 10%, sowing density of seeds be 2000 per square meter, temperature in light irradiation incubator being 40 deg.C and humidity being 80%.
Preferably, in S5, when the flowerpot sowed with the seeds is exposed to the sun, if the flowerpot is sunny, the flowerpot needs to be planted at 12 pm: 00-16: 00 shading the right above the flowerpot to avoid the damage of seeds or the burning of seedlings caused by overhigh temperature, detecting the water content of the matrix in the flowerpot in a weighing mode every 3 days later, and supplementing the water to 7 percent in a spraying mode in time when the water content is lower than 6 percent.
Preferably, the nutrition bag in the S7 is a non-woven fabric nutrition bag with the thickness of 18 x 16cm, and the red soil and the decomposed farmyard manure are contained in the nutrition bag according to the weight ratio of 10: 3, the light transmittance of the sunshade net is 70%.
Preferably, in the step S8, after the seedlings are transplanted, timely water is supplemented, the soil in the bag is kept loose and moist, the root rot caused by excessive water is prevented, and bactericides or insecticides are sprayed timely according to the disease and pest conditions.
A device for improving the seedling rate of the custard apple anvil seedlings is suitable for the method for improving the seedling rate of the custard apple seedlings, wherein a first motor is fixedly installed on the outer wall of a container in S1, the output end of the first motor is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft, the other end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected with the inner wall of the container, a plurality of stirring rods are fixedly connected onto the rotating shaft, mounting plates are fixedly connected to the top ends of the two sides of the container, a second motor is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the mounting plates, the output end of the second motor is fixedly connected with a screw rod, the other end of the screw rod is rotatably connected with the mounting plate on the other side, a wire sleeve is slidably connected onto the screw rod, the bottom end of the wire sleeve is fixedly connected with a collecting frame through a connecting piece, an opening is formed in one side of the collecting frame, cavities are formed in the two sides of the opening, and a first spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of each cavity, the other end of the first spring is fixedly connected with a T-shaped rod, the other end of the T-shaped rod penetrates through the cavity and extends into the collecting frame to be fixedly connected with a light rubber plate, the light rubber plate is attached to the opening, and the bottom end of the collecting frame is fixedly connected with a filter plate; it is rotatory to drive the lead screw through starter motor two, make the silk braid on the lead screw drive and collect the frame and slide on the surface of water in the container, make light rubber slab slide to the inboard of collecting the frame through the impact force of water, and then make the seed that floats in the surface of water get into from the opening and collect in the frame, T type pole drives spring one simultaneously and stretches, when a motor reversal drives and collects frame reverse slip, elastic potential energy through spring one makes light rubber slab resume the normal position and blocks up the opening, avoid collecting the seed in the frame and float out, the quick collection to showy seed has been realized, the process of artifical manual screening collection has been avoided, staff's working strength has been reduced, and the work efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the two sides of the filter plate are provided with clamping grooves, the two sides of the collecting frame are provided with mounting cavities, sliding rods are fixedly connected in the mounting cavities, sliding blocks are connected on the sliding rods in a sliding mode, the sliding blocks are connected with the clamping blocks through hinge rods, the clamping blocks penetrate through the mounting cavities and are attached to the clamping grooves, springs II are sleeved on the sliding rods, two ends of each spring are fixedly connected with the sliding blocks and the inner wall of the mounting cavity respectively, the bottom end of each sliding block is fixedly connected with a supporting rod, and the bottom end of each supporting rod penetrates through the mounting cavities and is fixedly connected with the push plate; when the seed in the collection frame is handled to needs, through the push pedal that upwards slides for drive the slider and upwards slide and compress two springs with the branch of push pedal rigid coupling, the hinge bar drives the fixture block and slides to the installation cavity simultaneously and breaks away from with the draw-in groove on the filter, and the staff of being convenient for takes out the filter from the bottom of collecting the frame and handles the seed, when needs installation filter frame, reverse operation can.
Preferably, the bottom end of the fixture block is fixedly connected with a limiting block, the bottom of the mounting cavity is provided with a limiting groove, the limiting block is connected with the limiting groove in a sliding manner, the top end face of the filter plate is fixedly connected with a conical ring, two sides of the lead screw are respectively provided with a guide rod, the guide rods are fixedly connected with the two mounting plates, the guide rods are connected with guide blocks in a sliding manner, and the guide blocks are fixedly connected with the collecting frame through connecting pieces; through the sliding fit between the stopper that installation cavity bottom spacing groove and fixture block bottom were equipped with, play the effect of spacing direction to the slip of fixture block, be convenient for collect the seed in the collection frame through the conical ring that the filter top was equipped with.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method and the device for improving the seedling rate of the anvil seedlings of custard apple can improve the seedling rate of custard apple seeds to over 70 percent, have quick seedling emergence, can realize 5 to 7 days of seedling emergence in advance, and have neat seedlings, and can finish the germination in 20 to 25 days when the average temperature of the day is higher than 25 ℃, so that most cotyledon wilting seedlings can sprout from hypocotyls and normally grow.
2. The invention enables the collection frame to slide on the water surface in the container by matching the second motor with the screw rod and the screw sleeve, enables the light rubber plate to slide in the collection frame by the impact force of water, further leading the seeds floating on the water surface to enter the collecting frame from the opening, leading the light rubber plate to recover the original position to block the opening through the elastic potential energy of the spring I when the motor I rotates reversely, avoiding the seeds in the collecting frame from drifting out, realizing the rapid collection of the floating seeds, avoiding the process of manual screening and collecting, reducing the working intensity of workers, improving the working efficiency, when the seeds in the collecting frame need to be treated, the supporting rod drives the sliding block to upwards compress the second spring by upwards sliding the push plate, simultaneously the hinge rod drives the clamping groove on the clamping block and the filter plate to separate, so that the filter plate can be conveniently taken out from the bottom of the collecting frame to treat seeds.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for increasing the seedling rate of custard seedlings of custard apple in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the container of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the container of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of a collection frame of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4 at A;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a first motor and a second motor of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method according to the second embodiment;
in the figure: 1. a container; 2. a first motor; 3. a rotating shaft; 4. a stirring rod; 5. a second motor; 6. a screw rod; 7. sleeving the silk; 8. a collection frame; 9. a first spring; 10. a T-shaped rod; 11. a light rubber sheet; 12. a filter plate; 13. a clamping block; 14. a hinged lever; 15. a slider; 16. a slide bar; 17. a second spring; 18. a strut; 19. a card slot; 20. a limiting block; 21. a guide bar; 22. and a guide block.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the method for increasing seedling rate of custard apple anvil seedling according to the present invention comprises the following steps: s1: seed taking: collecting large mature fruits with regular shapes and no plant diseases and insect pests from a high-yield and high-quality custard apple parent plant, placing the mature fruits at room temperature for 3-5 days for full soft ripening, taking out the seeds, removing the pectin and sugar attached to the pulp and the surfaces of the seeds, cleaning, filtering, removing impurities, placing the cleaned seeds in a container filled with clear water for fully stirring, standing for 3min, removing the seeds floating on the water surface, retaining the deposited full seeds, and placing the seeds in a cool and ventilated place for airing for later use; s2: preparing a substrate: taking clean river sand or rock sand with good water-filtering property, sterilizing by using a bactericide, and exposing for 3-5 days for later use; s3: seed treatment: selecting large, full and dark seeds without diseases and insect pests, soaking the seeds in 1% of sodium hydroxide or 1% of thiourea for 24h, rinsing the soaked seeds with sterile water for 3-5 times, and airing for later use; s4: accelerating germination: accelerating germination by using a stainless steel tray with the depth of 5-8cm, wherein the accelerating germination matrix is clean river sand or rock sand with the water content of 10%, the tray is disinfected at high temperature, 1-1.5cm of clean river sand or rock sand with the water content of 10% is covered at the bottom, seeds are uniformly scattered on the surface of wet sand, then wet sand with the water content of 10% is covered by about 2cm, and then the wet sand is placed in an illumination incubator and cultured for 24 hours under 10000Lx illumination; s5: seed sowing: adding sterile water into clean river sand or rock sand, uniformly mixing until the water content is 7%, loading the mixture into a plastic flowerpot with the height of 20cm and the diameter of 20cm and the depth of about 10cm, uniformly scattering 70-80 seeds after raking, covering the wet sand with the water content of 7% by 5-7cm, tightly bundling the pot mouth by using a transparent plastic film to prevent water from being dispersed, and then placing the flowerpot with the seeds in the open air; s6: seedling management: after seeds are sown for 25 days, the upward growth of seedlings is limited by the trapped plastic film at the pot mouth, at the moment, the plastic film is removed at the evening, the seedlings are watered thoroughly, the seedlings are moved to a shade shed, most of the seedlings are about 10cm high, and when 5-6 true leaves grow, the seedlings are watered for 1-2 times by using about 0.1 percent of urea water; s7: transplanting: after dibbling for 90 days, when most seedlings grow to about 15cm and 10-12 true leaves grow, thoroughly watering, taking out the seedlings, cutting off tender stems and leaves at the top end, reserving 3-5 old leaves at the base part, transplanting one seedling into a nutrition bag in a plastic greenhouse, thoroughly watering for fixing roots after transplanting, shading by using a shading net, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 28-32 ℃ and the humidity at 70-80%; s8: seedling stage management: transplanting for about 30 days, spraying foliar fertilizer for 1 time after the seedlings survive, then periodically removing weeds, watering 0.3-0.5% urea water for 1-2 times according to the growth vigor of the seedlings every month, transplanting for about 120 days, removing the sunshade net when the seedlings are 40-50cm high, opening a skylight of a greenhouse for hardening the seedlings, then properly controlling water and fertilizer, and grafting when the seedlings are more than 60cm high and the stem diameter of the position 10cm away from the ground is more than 1.0 cm.
The germination accelerating matrix in the S4 is prepared by adding clean river sand or rock sand into sterile water and uniformly mixing, so that the water content is 10%, the sowing density of seeds is 2000 per square meter, the temperature in an illumination incubator is 40 ℃, and the humidity is 80%.
And in the S5, when the flowerpot sowed with the seeds is placed in the open air and is sunned, if the flowerpot is sunny, the flowerpot needs to be planted at 12 am: 00-16: 00 shading the right above the flowerpot to avoid the damage of seeds or the burning of seedlings caused by overhigh temperature, detecting the water content of the matrix in the flowerpot in a weighing mode every 3 days later, and supplementing the water to 7 percent in a spraying mode in time when the water content is lower than 6 percent.
The nutrition bag in the S7 is a non-woven fabric nutrition bag with the thickness of 18 multiplied by 16cm, and the red soil and the decomposed farmyard manure are contained in the bag according to the weight ratio of 10: 1, the light transmittance of the sunshade screen is 70%.
In the S8, after the seedlings are transplanted, timely water is supplemented, the soil in the bag is kept loose and moist, the root rot caused by excessive water is prevented, and bactericides or insecticides are sprayed timely according to the disease and pest conditions.
A device for improving the seedling rate of the anvil seedlings of the custard apple, which is suitable for the method for improving the seedling rate of the stock seedlings of the custard apple, wherein a motor 2 is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of a container 1 in S1, the output end of the motor 2 is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft 3, the other end of the rotating shaft 3 is rotatably connected with the inner wall of the container 1, a plurality of stirring rods 4 are fixedly connected on the rotating shaft 3, mounting plates are fixedly connected with the top ends of the two sides of the container 1, a motor two 5 is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the mounting plate, the output end of the motor two 5 is fixedly connected with a screw rod 6, the other end of the screw rod 6 is rotatably connected with the mounting plate of the other side, a wire sleeve 7 is slidably connected on the screw rod 6, the bottom end of the wire sleeve 7 is fixedly connected with a collecting frame 8 through a connecting piece, one side of the collecting frame 8 is provided with an opening, the collecting frame 8 is provided with cavities on the two sides of the opening, a first spring 9 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cavity, the other end of the first spring 9 is fixedly connected with a T-shaped rod 10, the other end of the T-shaped rod 10 penetrates through the cavity and extends into the collecting frame 8 to be fixedly connected with a light rubber plate 11, the light rubber plate 11 is attached to the opening, and a filter plate 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the collecting frame 8; when the device works, the motor I2 drives the rotating shaft 3 to rotate, so that the stirring rod 4 fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 3 rotates to stir clean water and seeds in the container 1, then the device is kept still for 3min, the motor II 5 is started to drive the screw rod 6 to rotate, the screw sleeve 7 on the screw rod 6 drives the collecting frame 8 to slide on the water surface in the container 1, the light rubber plate 11 slides towards the inner side of the collecting frame 8 through the impact force of water, so that the seeds floating on the water surface enter the collecting frame 8 from the opening, meanwhile, the T-shaped rod 10 drives the spring I9 to stretch, when the motor I2 rotates reversely to drive the collecting frame 8 to slide reversely, the light rubber plate 11 is restored to the original position to block the opening through the elastic potential energy of the spring I9, the seeds in the collecting frame 8 are prevented from floating out, the quick collection of the floating seeds is realized, and the manual screening and collecting process is avoided, the working strength of workers is reduced, the working efficiency is improved, and good seeds can be discharged through an outlet below the container 1.
The two sides of the filter plate 12 are respectively provided with a clamping groove 19, the two sides of the collecting frame 8 are respectively provided with a mounting cavity, a sliding rod 16 is fixedly connected in the mounting cavity, the sliding rod 16 is connected with a sliding block 15 in a sliding manner, the sliding block 15 is connected with a clamping block 13 through a hinge rod 14, the clamping block 13 penetrates through the mounting cavity and is attached to the clamping groove 19, the sliding rod 16 is sleeved with a second spring 17, two ends of the spring are fixedly connected with the sliding block 15 and the inner wall of the mounting cavity respectively, the bottom end of the sliding block 15 is fixedly connected with a support rod 18, and the bottom end of the support rod 18 penetrates through the mounting cavity and is fixedly connected with a push plate; the during operation, when the seed in the collection frame 8 is handled to needs, through the push pedal that upwards slides for 18 branch with the push pedal rigid coupling drive slider 15 upwards slides and compress two 17 springs, hinged rod 14 drives fixture block 13 simultaneously and slides to the installation cavity and break away from with draw-in groove 19 on the filter 12, and the staff of being convenient for takes out filter 12 from the bottom of collecting frame 8 and handles the seed, and when the filter frame was installed to needs, reverse operation can.
A limiting block 20 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the clamping block 13, a limiting groove is formed in the bottom of the mounting cavity, the limiting block 20 is connected with the limiting groove in a sliding mode, a conical ring is fixedly connected to the top end face of the filter plate 12, guide rods 21 are arranged on two sides of the lead screw 6, the guide rods 21 are fixedly connected with the two mounting plates, a guide block 22 is connected to the guide rods 21 in a sliding mode, and the guide block 22 is fixedly connected with the collecting frame 8 through a connecting piece; during operation, through the sliding fit between the stopper 20 that installation cavity bottom spacing groove and fixture block 13 bottom were equipped with, play the effect of spacing direction to the slip of fixture block 13, be convenient for collect the seed in collecting frame 8 through the toper ring that filter 12 top was equipped with, through the sliding fit between guide bar 21 and the guide block 22 for collect frame 8 and only can carry out the horizontal slip, and play supplementary guide effect to the slip of collecting frame 8.
Example two:
as shown in fig. 7, as another embodiment of the present invention, the method of S4 germination accelerating may further include sterilizing a tray and a towel with a thickness of about 1cm in an autoclave, cooling, lightly twisting the wet towel to be semi-dry, flatly laying the towel on the tray, uniformly scattering seeds on the surface of the semi-dry towel at a density of 2000 particles/m 2, covering the semi-dry towel with two layers, and culturing in an illumination incubator at a temperature of 40 ℃ and a humidity of 80% under 10000Lx illumination for 24 hours.
The working principle is as follows: the rotating shaft 3 is driven to rotate by the motor I2, so that the stirring rod 4 fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 3 rotates to stir clean water and seeds in the container 1, then the container is kept still for 3min, the screw rod 6 is driven to rotate by the starting motor II 5, the screw sleeve 7 on the screw rod 6 drives the collection frame 8 to slide on the water surface in the container 1, the light rubber plate 11 slides towards the inner side of the collection frame 8 by the impact force of water, so that the seeds floating on the water surface enter the collection frame 8 from the opening, meanwhile, the T-shaped rod 10 drives the spring I9 to stretch, when the collection frame 8 is driven to reversely slide by the motor I2 in a reverse rotation mode, the light rubber plate 11 is restored to the original position to block the opening by the elastic potential energy of the spring I9, the seeds in the collection frame 8 are prevented from drifting out, the quick collection of the floating seeds is realized, the manual screening and collection process is avoided, and the working strength of workers is reduced, improved work efficiency, the export of good seed accessible container 1 below is discharged, when the seed in the collection frame 8 is handled to needs, through the push pedal that upwards slides, make the branch 18 with the push pedal rigid coupling drive slider 15 upwards slide and compress two 17 springs, hinged rod 14 drives fixture block 13 simultaneously and slides in to the installation cavity and break away from with draw-in groove 19 on the filter 12, the staff of being convenient for takes out the filter 12 from the bottom of collecting frame 8 and handles the seed, when needs installation filter frame, reverse operation can.
The front, the back, the left, the right, the upper and the lower are all based on figure 1 in the attached drawings of the specification, according to the standard of the observation angle of a person, the side of the device facing an observer is defined as the front, the left side of the observer is defined as the left, and the like.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. The method for improving the seedling rate of the custard apple rootstock seedling is characterized in that the planting method of the custard apple rootstock seedling comprises the following steps:
s1: seed taking: collecting large mature fruits with regular shapes and no plant diseases and insect pests from a high-yield and high-quality custard apple parent plant, placing the mature fruits at room temperature for 3-5 days for full soft ripening, taking out the seeds, removing the pectin and sugar attached to the pulp and the surfaces of the seeds, cleaning, filtering, removing impurities, placing the cleaned seeds in a container filled with clear water for fully stirring, standing for 3min, removing the seeds floating on the water surface, retaining the deposited full seeds, and placing the seeds in a cool and ventilated place for airing for later use;
s2: preparing a substrate: taking clean river sand or rock sand with good water-filtering property, sterilizing by using a bactericide, and exposing for 3-5 days for later use;
s3: seed treatment: selecting large, full and dark seeds without diseases and insect pests, soaking the seeds in 1% of sodium hydroxide or 1% of thiourea for 24h, rinsing the soaked seeds with sterile water for 3-5 times, and airing for later use;
s4: accelerating germination: accelerating germination by using a stainless steel tray with the depth of 5-8cm, wherein the accelerating germination matrix is clean river sand or rock sand with the water content of 10%, the tray is disinfected at high temperature, 1-1.5cm of clean river sand or rock sand with the water content of 10% is covered at the bottom, seeds are uniformly scattered on the surface of wet sand, then wet sand with the water content of 10% is covered by about 2cm, and then the wet sand is placed in an illumination incubator and cultured for 24 hours under 10000Lx illumination;
s5: seed sowing: adding sterile water into clean river sand or rock sand, uniformly mixing until the water content is 7%, loading the mixture into a plastic flowerpot with the height of 20cm and the diameter of 20cm and the depth of about 10cm, uniformly scattering 70-80 seeds after raking, covering the wet sand with the water content of 7% by 5-7cm, tightly bundling the pot mouth by using a transparent plastic film to prevent water from being dispersed, and then placing the flowerpot with the seeds in the open air;
s6: seedling management: after seeds are sown for 25 days, the upward growth of seedlings is limited by the trapped plastic film at the pot mouth, at the moment, the plastic film is removed at the evening, the seedlings are watered thoroughly, the seedlings are moved to a shade shed, most of the seedlings are about 10cm high, and when 5-6 true leaves grow, the seedlings are watered for 1-2 times by using about 0.1 percent of urea water;
s7: transplanting: after dibbling for 90 days, when most seedlings grow to about 15cm and 10-12 true leaves grow, thoroughly watering, taking out the seedlings, cutting off tender stems and leaves at the top end, reserving 3-5 old leaves at the base part, transplanting one seedling into a nutrition bag in a plastic greenhouse, thoroughly watering for fixing roots after transplanting, shading by using a shading net, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 28-32 ℃ and the humidity at 70-80%;
s8: seedling stage management: transplanting for about 30 days, spraying foliar fertilizer for 1 time after the seedlings survive, then periodically removing weeds, watering 0.3-0.5% urea water for 1-2 times according to the growth vigor of the seedlings every month, transplanting for about 120 days, removing the sunshade net when the seedlings are 40-50cm high, opening a skylight of a greenhouse for hardening the seedlings, then properly controlling water and fertilizer, and grafting when the seedlings are more than 60cm high and the stem diameter of the position 10cm away from the ground is more than 1.0 cm.
2. The method for improving the seedling rate of custard apple anvil seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the germination accelerating matrix in S4 is prepared by adding sterile water into clean river sand or rock sand, uniformly mixing to make the water content reach 10%, the sowing density of seeds reach 2000 grains per square meter, the temperature in a light culture box is 40 ℃ and the humidity is 80%.
3. The method for increasing the seedling rate of custard apple seedlings according to claim 2, wherein the flowerpot seeded with the seeds in S5 is placed in the open air and dried in the sun, and when the flowerpot is used in sunny days, the method is carried out at 12 pm: 00-16: 00 shading the right above the flowerpot to avoid the damage of seeds or the burning of seedlings caused by overhigh temperature, detecting the water content of the matrix in the flowerpot in a weighing mode every 3 days later, and supplementing the water to 7 percent in a spraying mode in time when the water content is lower than 6 percent.
4. The method for increasing the seedling rate of custard apple Ben anvil seedlings according to claim 3, wherein the nutrition bag in S7 is a non-woven fabric nutrition bag of 18 x 16cm, and the inside of the nutrition bag is filled with red soil and decomposed farmyard manure according to the weight ratio of 10: 1, the light transmittance of the sunshade screen is 70%.
5. The method for improving the seedling rate of custard apple Benzhu seedlings according to claim 4, wherein in S8, the seedlings are transplanted and then added with water in time to keep the soil in the bag loose and moist, thereby preventing the root rot caused by excessive water, and the bactericide or insecticide is sprayed in time according to the disease and pest condition.
6. A device for improving the seedling rate of the anvil seedlings of custard apple, which is characterized in that the device is suitable for the method for improving the seedling rate of the stock seedlings of custard apple as claimed in claims 1 to 5, wherein a motor I (2) is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of a container (1) in S1, the output end of the motor I (2) is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft (3), the other end of the rotating shaft (3) is rotatably connected with the inner wall of the container (1), a plurality of stirring rods (4) are fixedly connected on the rotating shaft (3), mounting plates are fixedly connected at the top ends of two sides of the container (1), a motor II (5) is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the mounting plates, the output end of the motor II (5) is fixedly connected with a screw rod (6), the other end of the screw rod (6) is rotatably connected with the mounting plate at the other side, a screw sleeve (7) is slidably connected on the screw rod (6), the bottom of silk braid (7) is passed through the connecting piece and is collected frame (8) rigid coupling, one side of collecting frame (8) is equipped with the opening, it all is equipped with the cavity in open-ended both sides to collect frame (8), cavity inner wall rigid coupling has spring (9), the other end and the T type pole (10) rigid coupling of spring (9), the other end of T type pole (10) runs through the cavity and extends to in collecting frame (8) with light rubber slab (11) rigid coupling, light rubber slab (11) and opening laminating mutually, the bottom rigid coupling of collecting frame (8) has filter (12).
7. The device for improving the seedling rate of custard apple bungary seedlings according to claim 6, wherein the two sides of the filter plate (12) are provided with clamping grooves (19), the two sides of the collection frame (8) are provided with mounting cavities, the mounting cavities are fixedly connected with sliding rods (16), the sliding rods (16) are slidably connected with sliding blocks (15), the sliding blocks (15) are connected with the clamping blocks (13) through hinge rods (14), the clamping blocks (13) penetrate through the mounting cavities and are attached to the clamping grooves (19), the sliding rods (16) are sleeved with second springs (17), two ends of each spring are fixedly connected with the sliding blocks (15) and the inner walls of the mounting cavities respectively, the bottom ends of the sliding blocks (15) are fixedly connected with supporting rods (18), and the bottom ends of the supporting rods (18) penetrate through the mounting cavities and are fixedly connected with the pushing plates.
8. The device for improving the seedling rate of custard apple bungary seedlings according to claim 7, wherein a limiting block (20) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the clamping block (13), a limiting groove is formed in the bottom of the mounting cavity, the limiting block (20) is slidably connected with the limiting groove, a conical ring is fixedly connected to the top end face of the filter plate (12), guide rods (21) are respectively arranged on two sides of the screw rod (6), the guide rods (21) are fixedly connected with the two mounting plates, guide blocks (22) are slidably connected to the guide rods (21), and the guide blocks (22) are fixedly connected with the collection frame (8) through connecting pieces.
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