CN113973673B

CN113973673B - Method for propagating amorphophallus bulbifer seedlings

Info

Publication number: CN113973673B
Application number: CN202111432110.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 岩香甩; 田耀华; 李金威; 龚燕雄; 黄菁; 魏丽萍; 原慧芳
Original assignee: Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops
Current assignee: Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops
Priority date: 2021-11-29
Filing date: 2021-11-29
Publication date: 2022-12-23
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-29
Also published as: CN113973673A

Abstract

The invention provides a method for propagating konjak bulbil seedlings, belonging to the technical field of plant nutrition propagation. The method for expanding the seedlings comprises the following steps: collecting mature propagation material, accelerating germination, after the propagation material grows bud heads and primary roots grow out from the bud bases, taking down the bud heads together with the primary roots, and planting. Underground corms or bulbils are used as propagation materials, propagation is carried out through germination acceleration, bud taking and bud head transplanting, and the propagation coefficient reaches more than 4 times; the intercepted bud heads and the propagation materials after bud picking have higher transplanting survival rate, and the propagation efficiency is obviously improved.

Description

Method for propagating amorphophallus bulbifer seedlings

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant nutrition propagation, and particularly relates to a method for propagating konjak bulbil seedlings.

Background

Konjak is a perennial root herbaceous plant of the genus Amorphophallus (Araceae) in the family of Araceae, is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa, and it is described that there are about 170 species worldwide and 21 species in China, at least 13 of which are the peculiar species in China. Konjak is a plant group which is found to be capable of synthesizing glucomannan in a large amount so far, and the glucomannan has the characteristics of water solubility, thickening, suspension, gelation, film formation and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of industry, medicine and the like. At present, the konjac which is widely planted in subtropical zone to warm zone of China is mainly amorphophallus konjac and white konjac, but the two traditional cultivated varieties are easily infected with soft rot and southern blight, and yield reduction and even over-production are caused by continuous cropping for many years, so that the traditional planting area of the konjac is continuously shrunk, and the development of industry is severely restricted. In order to break through the dilemma of the development of the konjak industry, scientific researchers make continuous efforts to successfully introduce, domesticate and cultivate bulbil konjak which is a general name of konjak with bulbil on the leaf surface.

The bulbil konjak is completely different from the traditional konjak, is native to the southwest border of China and adjacent countries of south Asia and southeast Asia, is suitable for tropical and subtropical environmental conditions with high temperature and high humidity, has the advantages of strong disease resistance, high yield and the like, and successfully domesticates and expands the planting area of the konjak. In the existing propagation technology of amorphophallus bulbifer, the vegetative propagation technology of amorphophallus bulbifer mainly uses underground corms and bulbels to propagate.

For example, the invention patent Tao Yozhao of the invention patent of 'a method for propagating konjak by picking up buds (underground bulbs) through the expanding propagation of seedlings (application number CN 201210510029.5)', adopts a method that the main buds and the non-germinated latent buds of the bulbs are all picked up at one time, the picked-up hemispheroids with cones are disinfected and then stored in sand until the next year cultivation, and the bulbs after picking up buds can only be used as processing raw materials; 3238 Zxft 3238 et al, application No. CN 3262 Zxft 3262, discloses a method for vegetative propagation of konjak, which is a propagation material obtained by sterilizing the apical bud with a base discarded in konjak processing; cai Ling, etc. in the research article of konjak cell bud in vitro rapid propagation, the cell bud explant on the root-shaped stem of konjak flower is used as raw material, the browning rate of explant, the differentiation rate of bud, the multiplication multiple of bud and the rooting rate are comparatively analyzed, and the optimum culture medium ratio is screened out, so that the culture procedure of in vitro rapid propagation is simplified.

In addition, the invention patent Zheng Dinghua and the like ' a growing period cutting method and a flow (application number CN 201910665844.0) for obtaining the quantity of leaf surface seed stems of amorphophallus bulbifer doubly ' is searched by the bulbar bud expanding and breeding of the amorphophallus bulbifer ', and the invention patent is to obtain the double quantity of the bulbar buds by a method for cutting the bulbar buds in the field in the growing period; 3238 Zxft 3238 et al, the invention relates to a method for rapidly propagating bulbil konjak leaf surface fruit blocks (application number CN 202110233214.3), which adopts a method similar to underground bulb blocks to increase the number of bulbils; miao Xizhang, et al, which is a method for cultivating gemma amorphophallus muelleri on both sides (application number CN 202110232836.4), discloses a method for increasing the number of gemma muelleri by controlling the growth of terminal buds and promoting the growth of lateral buds through the use of medicines such as paclobutrazol to achieve the effect of uniformly forming the gemma muelleri on both leaves.

Besides the asexual propagation, a small part of the seedlings are propagated sexually by adopting seedling seeds, the propagation techniques are mature, related research documents are more, but at the current stage, related researches for intercepting underground bulb bud heads or bulbil bud heads to propagate seedlings are rarely reported.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for propagating amorphophallus bulbifer seedlings, which intercepts the underground bulb bud or the amorphophallus bulbifer seedlings to increase the propagation coefficient of amorphophallus bulbifer, and has the advantages of simple operation and low cost.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a method for propagating seedlings of amorphophallus bulbifer comprises the following steps:

collecting mature propagation material, accelerating germination, after the propagation material grows bud head and primary root of bud base portion, taking off bud head together with primary root, and planting.

Preferably, the propagation material is the underground bulb or bulbil of amorphophallus bulbifer.

Preferably, the propagation material is pregerminated with exogenous gibberellins.

More preferably, the gibberellin is diluted 400-1200 times for use at a mass concentration of 85%.

Preferably, the surface of the propagation material is kept wet continuously during germination of the sprouts.

Preferably, the bud head is taken down together with the primary root of the bud base when the bud head of the underground bulb grows to 2-3 cm.

Preferably, when the bud of the pearl bud grows to be more than 1cm, the bud is taken down together with the primary root of the bud base.

Preferably, when the seedlings are planted, a loose and water-retaining seedling culture substrate is selected, and the water content of the substrate is 20-45%.

Preferably, the steps of accelerating germination, taking buds and planting are repeated after the bud heads are taken down, and the propagation material is sown when the surface of the propagation material is wrinkled.

Preferably, the propagation material or the growing bud is sterilized by using a bactericide after harvesting, during germination accelerating or after bud picking.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides a method for propagating bulbil konjak seedlings, which takes underground corms or bulbil buds as propagation materials, carries out propagation by accelerating germination, taking buds and transplanting bud heads, and can lead the propagation coefficient of the bulbil konjak to reach more than 4 times by transplanting the germinated main bud heads, the multiple latent buds and the propagation materials after bud taking; and the intercepted bud heads and the propagation materials after bud picking have higher transplanting survival rate, and the propagation efficiency is obviously improved.

The invention propagates the seedlings by propagating the material bud, not only the environmental condition is required to be extensive, the operation is simple, and the grower is easy to master, but also the invention provides more seedling/seed taro propagation approaches, can effectively relieve the pressure of shortage of the seedlings/seed taros, can reduce the investment of cost, and quickens the formation of the industry.

Drawings

FIG. 1: the invention relates to a seedling expanding propagation flow chart of amorphophallus bulbifer;

FIG. 2: propagating underground corms of the bulbil konjac; in the figure: a. intercepting a main bud, and b. Intercepting a plurality of latent buds;

FIG. 3; propagating bulbil of the bulbil konjak; in the figure: a. before bud breaking, b, after bud breaking, c, transplanting the growth condition of bud heads on the 10 th day, and d, multi-bud head phenomenon.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a method for propagating konjak bulbil seedlings, which comprises the following steps: collecting mature propagation material, accelerating germination, after the propagation material grows bud heads and primary roots grow out from the bud bases, taking down the bud heads together with the primary roots, and planting.

The propagation material of the present invention is preferably underground corms or bulbels of amorphophallus bulbifer; the harvesting period of the underground corm is preferably 11 to 12 months, and the harvesting period of the pearl buds is preferably 9 to 11 months. The present invention further prefers mature subterranean bulbs or mature naturally shed bulblets as propagation material.

According to the invention, after the propagation material is harvested, disinfection, sterilization and disinsection treatment are preferably carried out; preferably, the bactericidal insecticide is a mixed solution of water, carbendazim and thiamethoxam according to a mass ratio of 2000; preferably, the propagation material is soaked in the mixed solution for 5-10min, more preferably 6-8min.

When the underground corms are used as propagation materials, the underground corms are harvested in sunny days, aired for 3-4 days after harvesting, cleaned and completely attached to soil on the surfaces of the corms, and then directly soaked in the sterilization and disinsection mixed solution for sterilization, sterilization and disinsection.

When the bulbels are used as propagation materials, mature naturally-fallen bulbels are collected and are lightly taken and lightly placed to prevent mechanical damage, infection and rot; selecting plump bulbil without diseases, insect pests and mechanical damage, and placing into mesh storage basket with external dimension specification of 39cm × 39cm × 7.5cm and height of 5 cm; preparing a sterilization and disinsection mixed solution in a large-capacity wide-mouth barrel, putting a storage basket into the barrel for sterilization, taking out the storage basket after sterilization, and putting the storage basket in a cool, ventilated and dry place for natural drying in the shade.

The invention preferably carries out the processes of accelerating germination, picking up buds and planting the propagation materials in the greenhouse; further preferably selecting the greenhouse with the shading degree of 40-70% and rain resistance, wherein the air humidity is not lower than 40%, the daytime temperature is 25-35 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is not lower than 18 ℃.

When the underground bulbs are used as propagation materials, a ventilating net rack is arranged in the greenhouse, and the underground bulbs are placed on the net rack to be subjected to germination; or a reversed net-shaped plastic storage basket and the like.

The invention preferably uses exogenous gibberellin as propagation material to accelerate germination; further preferably, the exogenous gibberellin with the mass concentration of 85% is diluted by 400-1200 times for use. When the underground corms are used as propagation materials, the prepared exogenous exomycin solution is sprayed on the surfaces of the corms, and the spraying amount is based on that the solution on the surfaces of the corms does not drip. When the bulbils are used as propagation materials, preparing a seedling tray, and forming a mesh shape at the bottom of the seedling tray, wherein the mesh shape is water-permeable and air-permeable; laying a layer of newspaper at the bottom of the seedling-raising tray, and filling loose and water-retaining seedling-raising matrix with the thickness of 4-5 cm; the bulbels are tightly attached and regularly planted in the matrix, and the planting depth is 1-2cm; the prepared exogenous exomycin solution is sprayed on the surface of a seedling-raising tray, and the spraying amount is based on the condition that the substrate slightly sinks. As an implementation mode, the substrate is a humus soil or coconut husk and peat soil seedling substrate which is prepared by 1:1 in equal volume ratio.

The invention preferably keeps the surface of the propagation material wet continuously after pregermination and during bud germination. When the propagation material is underground corms, spraying water twice a day at 9 am and 5 pm every day, and spraying water to wet the surfaces of the corms until a small amount of water is accumulated in bud pits; when the propagation material is the bulbil, spraying water at proper time to keep the water content of the matrix within the range of 20-45%.

In the preferred germination accelerating period, the propagation material is disinfected and sterilized; further preferably, single pesticides of 20% of thiabendazole copper 500 times liquid, 70% of thiophanate methyl 800 times liquid and 98% of hymexazol 5000 times liquid are alternately used for sterilizing and disinfecting the propagation materials every 10-15 days.

In the invention, when the underground corm is taken as a propagation material, the bud head is taken down together with the primary root of the bud base when the bud head of the underground corm grows to 2-3 cm; when the bulbels are used as propagation materials, when the bulbels grow to more than 1cm, the buds are taken down together with the primary roots of the bud bases.

According to the invention, further preferably, when the underground corm is used as a propagation material, the bud head of the underground corm is thicker, a cutter is used as an auxiliary bud taking tool, the bud taking cutter extends into the position below the primary root of the bud head, and the bud head can be cut off by slight transverse cutting, so that the primary root is prevented from being damaged as much as possible, and the cross section is smooth; when the bulbil is used as a propagation material, the bud head and the bud base part are directly taken as primary roots, and the bud is taken down by hands.

According to the invention, the bud heads are preferably taken off and then sterilized. Further preferably, when the underground corm is used as a propagation material, 50% carbendazim powder is dipped on the cross section of the underground corm and the bud head, the underground corm and the bud head are placed in a shade place for 5 to 10 minutes, and then germination accelerating or planting is carried out; when the bulbil is used as propagation material, the bulbil and bud head are soaked in the prepared mixed sterilizing and insecticidal solution for 1-2min, and then the germination is accelerated or the planting is carried out.

The preferable planting matrix of the invention is a loose and water-retaining seedling culture matrix, and the water content of the matrix is 20-45%. As an implementation mode, the substrate is a humus soil or coconut husk and peat soil seedling substrate which is prepared by 1:1 in equal volume ratio.

According to the invention, preferably, when underground corms are used as propagation materials, the planting depth is more than 1cm of the primary roots; when the bulbil is used as a propagation material, the root part of the bud head is completely embedded into the matrix.

The invention is preferably planted for 10-15 days, and water is sprayed timely to keep the water content of the substrate within the range of 20-45%.

According to the invention, after the bud heads are preferably taken down, the steps of accelerating germination, taking buds, planting and the like are repeated according to the selected propagation materials, and when the epidermis of the propagation materials is wrinkled, the propagation materials are directly sown without accelerating germination and taking buds, so that the propagation materials absorb substrate nutrients and grow into plants.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

1. Randomly selecting 45 underground corms which are full, have no plant diseases and insect pests and have no mechanical damage and have the weight of about 300 g;

2. preparing a sterilization and disinsection mixed solution with the water, carbendazim and thiamethoxam in a ratio of 2000;

3. soaking the underground bulbs in the mixed solution obtained in the step 2 for 6 minutes;

4. setting the subterranean bulbs of step 3 into 3 repeats, each repeat 15;

5. placing the net-shaped plastic storage basket in the greenhouse in an inverted manner to serve as a net rack, wherein the shade degree of the greenhouse is 60%, the greenhouse is rain-proof, the humidity is 50%, the daytime temperature is not higher than 35 ℃, and the night temperature is not lower than 20 ℃;

6. putting the underground corms obtained in the step (4) on the storage basket obtained in the step (5) in order;

7. preparing 1000 times of gibberellin crystal powder solution with the mass concentration of 85%, and spraying the gibberellin crystal powder solution on the surface of the corm in the step 6, wherein the spraying amount is based on that the solution on the surface of the underground corm does not drip;

8. spraying water twice a day at 9 am and 5 pm every day to wet the surfaces of the corms, wherein a small amount of water is accumulated in bud pits;

9. alternately and alternately using a single pesticide of 500 times of thiabendazole copper, 800 times of thiophanate methyl and 5000 times of 98 percent hymexazol to sterilize the corm every 15 days;

10. observing and recording the sprouting condition of the main buds, cutting off the buds by using a sharp knife at the lower part of primary roots of the buds when the main buds grow to be more than 3cm on average, coating 50% carbendazim powder on wounds, drying in the shade for 5 minutes, transplanting into a seedling raising plug tray, mixing a plug tray matrix which is coconut chaff and peat soil 1:1 in the equal volume ratio, and recording the growing condition of the buds, wherein the average water content is 30%;

11. smearing carbendazim powder on the underground bulb section where the bud heads are intercepted, repeating the step 6, performing repeated management according to the steps 7 to 9, and observing and recording the germination condition of the underground bulb latent buds;

12. the method is repeated for accelerating germination, breaking off buds, transplanting and observing and recording.

And (3) test results:

test results table 1 shows that the germination rate of the repeated main buds of the first pregermination group 3 is 100.00%, and the survival rate of top bud transplantation is 95.56%; the germination rate of the latent underground corm buds after the main buds are cut is 97.78%, and nearly 50% of underground corms have the phenomenon that a plurality of latent buds germinate simultaneously, and can be transplanted simultaneously, and the survival rate of the transplanting can also reach more than 95%.

Table 1 statistical table of test results of example 1

Example 2

1. Randomly selecting 45 mature and plump bulbels with the weight of more than 2g and without diseases, insect pests and mechanical damage;

3. soaking the bulbels in the mixed solution for 6 minutes;

4. soaking the bulbils, taking out, placing in a cool and ventilated place, and naturally drying in the shade;

5. setting 45 bead buds into 3 groups of repeats, each group repeating 15 beads;

6. preparing a seedling raising plate with a mesh-shaped bottom, laying a layer of newspaper on the bottom inside, laying a seedling raising substrate mixed by coconut chaff and peat soil with the thickness of 2cm according to the equal volume ratio of 1:1, wherein the water content of the substrate is 30%;

7. putting 3 groups of the seedlings into the same seedling raising tray repeatedly and uniformly, and covering a seedling raising substrate of 2cm to 4cm;

8. placing the seedling tray obtained in the step 7 in a shading greenhouse, ventilating and preventing rain, wherein the temperature in the daytime is not higher than 35 ℃, the temperature at night is not lower than 20 ℃, the shading degree is 60%, preparing 1000 times of gibberellin crystal powder solution with the mass concentration of 85%, spraying the seedling tray matrix, slightly sinking, and accelerating germination;

9. spraying atomized water every day, keeping the moisture content of the matrix at 30%, observing and recording the germination condition of bud heads;

10. when the bud heads emerge to more than 1cm from the surface of the matrix, breaking off the bud heads together with the primary roots, soaking the bud heads and the pearl buds in the mixed sterilizing and insecticidal solution for 1 minute, putting the pearl buds back to the original positions, managing according to the steps 6 to 9, transplanting the bud heads into seedling raising hole trays, completely burying the root parts of the bud heads into the matrix (the preparation of the matrix is described above), and placing the matrix and the pearl buds in the same greenhouse to observe and record the growth condition of the bud heads.

11. The method is repeated for accelerating germination, breaking off buds, transplanting and observing and recording.

And (3) test results:

the test results table 2 show that the germination of 3 groups of repeated bead bud heads for the first pregermination is 100%, the average survival rate of bud head transplantation is 97.78%, the base part of the bud head transplantation can grow into a root system capable of automatically absorbing nutrients after 10 days, and the latent bud starts to germinate after 10 days when the bead bud head is broken off; the germination rate of the second germination accelerating bud can also reach 100%, most of the bead buds can simultaneously germinate a plurality of bud heads by 1 grain, the survival rate of bud head transplanting can also reach 97.78%, and the latent buds begin to germinate after the bead buds break off for about 15 days.

Table 2 statistical table of test results of example 2

Example 3

A method for propagating konjak bulbil seedlings comprises the following steps:

1. selecting full underground bulbs without diseases, insect pests and mechanical damage from the last 11 th to the last 12 th of the month;

2. preparing a sterilization and disinsection mixed solution with the water, carbendazim and thiamethoxam proportion of 2000;

3. soaking the underground bulbs in the mixed solution obtained in the step 2 for 5 minutes;

4. the shade degree of the greenhouse is 40 percent, the greenhouse is rainproof, the air humidity is 50 percent, the temperature in the daytime is not higher than 35 ℃, the temperature at night is not lower than 20 ℃, and a net rack is built in the greenhouse;

5. putting the underground corms in the step (3) on the net rack in the step (4) in order;

7. preparing 400 times of gibberellin crystal powder solution with the mass concentration of 85%, and spraying the gibberellin crystal powder solution on the surface of the corm in the step 5, wherein the spraying amount is based on that the solution on the surface of the underground corm does not drip;

8. spraying water twice a day at 9 am and 5 pm every day to wet the surfaces of the bulbs, wherein a small amount of water is accumulated in a bud pit;

9. alternately and alternately using a single pesticide of 500 times of thiabendazole copper, 800 times of thiophanate methyl and 5000 times of 98 percent hymexazol to sterilize the corm every 10 days;

10. observing and recording the sprouting condition of the main buds, cutting off the buds by using a sharp knife at the lower part of the primary roots of the buds when the main buds grow to be more than 3cm on average, coating 50% carbendazim powder on the wounds, drying in the shade for 10 minutes, and then transplanting the buds into a seedling raising plug tray, wherein the plug tray matrix is formed by mixing humus soil and peat soil 1:1 in equal volume ratio, and the average water content is 20%;

11. smearing 50% carbendazim powder on the underground corm section where the bud heads are cut off, repeating the step 5, performing repeated management according to the steps 6 to 8, and repeating germination accelerating, bud breaking and transplanting;

12. when the epidermis of the underground bulb is wrinkled, the germination is not accelerated and taken, and the underground bulb is directly sowed to absorb the substrate nutrients and grow into plants.

Example 4

1. Selecting mature and full pearl buds without diseases, insect pests and mechanical damage from the middle ten days of 9 months to the end ten days of 11 months;

3. soaking the bulbil in the mixed solution for 10 minutes;

5. preparing a seedling raising tray with a mesh-shaped bottom, laying a layer of newspaper on the bottom inside, paving a seedling raising substrate mixed by humus soil and peat soil with the thickness of 3cm according to the equal volume ratio of 1:1, wherein the water content of the substrate is 45%;

6. uniformly placing the bulbels into a seedling raising tray, and covering a seedling raising matrix to 4cm;

7. placing the seedling tray obtained in the step 6 in a shading greenhouse, ventilating and preventing rain, wherein the temperature in the daytime is not higher than 35 ℃, the temperature at night is not lower than 20 ℃, the shading degree is 70%, preparing 1200 times of gibberellin crystal powder solution with the mass concentration of 85%, spraying the seedling tray matrix, slightly sinking, and accelerating germination;

8. spraying atomized water every day to keep the water content of the substrate at 45%;

9. when the bud heads emerge to more than 1cm from the surface of the substrate, the bud heads can be broken off together with the primary roots, the bud heads and the pearl buds are soaked in the mixed sterilizing and insecticidal solution for 2 minutes, the pearl buds are put back to the original positions, the management is carried out according to the steps 5 to 8, the bud heads are transplanted into seedling culture hole trays, and the root base parts of the bud heads are completely embedded into the substrate (the substrate preparation is described above) and placed in a greenhouse;

10. repeatedly accelerating germination, breaking off buds and transplanting the buds;

11. when the epidermis of the bulbil is wrinkled, the sprouting and the bud taking are not carried out any more, and the direct seeding is carried out, so that the bulbil absorbs the substrate nutrients and grows into plants.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The method for propagating the seedlings of the amorphophallus bulbifer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

collecting mature propagation materials, accelerating germination, taking off buds along with primary roots after the propagation materials grow buds and primary roots grow out from bud bases, and planting;

the propagation material is underground corms or bulbels of bulbil konjak;

accelerating germination of the propagation material by using exogenous gibberellin, wherein the mass concentration of the gibberellin is 85%, and the propagation material is diluted by 400-1200 times for use;

taking down the bud head together with the primary root of the bud base when the bud head of the underground bulb grows to 2-3 cm; or when the bud heads of the pearl buds grow to be more than 1cm, taking down the bud heads together with the primary roots of the bud bases;

and (4) taking off the bud heads, repeating the steps of accelerating germination, taking buds and planting, and sowing the propagation material when the epidermis of the propagation material is wrinkled.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the propagation material is kept moist during germination of the sprouts.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a loose, water-retaining seedling substrate is selected for planting, and the water content of the substrate is 20-45%.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the propagation material or its growing sprouts are sterilized by means of a bactericide after harvesting, during pregermination or after sprouting.