CN107372070B - Hardwood cutting seedling raising method based on Typha river fragrant oranges - Google Patents
Hardwood cutting seedling raising method based on Typha river fragrant oranges Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hardwood cutting seedling raising method based on Lijiang orange, which comprises the steps of selection of cutting branches, preparation of cutting slips, preparation of a cutting medium, treatment of the cutting slips, a cutting technology, daily management after cutting and transplanting after seedling formation. The hardwood cutting seedling raising method based on the Typha river orange is not limited by seasons, the cutting slips have more and faster rooting, the germination rate is high, the rooting rate of the cutting slips reaches more than 90%, and the technical problems that the traditional cutting method is limited by seasons and has slow rooting are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant propagation, and particularly relates to a hardwood cutting seedling raising method based on Typha angustifolia.
Background
The orange (Citrus junos Sieb) is a plant of Citrus of Rutaceae, cold-resistant, salt-alkali resistant, and an important Citrus stock resource. The Pu Jiang fragrant orange is a new stock variety bred by Sichuan agriculture university from a seedling fragrant orange strain wild in Baiyunxiang in Pu Jiang county. The vigor of the Danjiang orange tree is strong, the crown of the green and untrimmed orange is cylindrical, and the plant is higher. The branches are hard and have long thorns. The leaves are single body and compound leaves. From bud to blossom, the outer side of the petal is purple red, the petals are 5 pieces, and the boat shape is formed. The fruit is oval and oblate, and orange yellow. Application investigation, stock comparison test and region test of the Pujiang orange as the stock in various citrus varieties for years show that: the grafting compatibility is good when the citrus tree stock is used as various citrus stocks; early fruiting, high yield and stable yield; cold-resistant, freeze-resistant, alkali-resistant soil; can show the excellent properties of grafted varieties.
With the growing area of citrus fruit trees becoming wider, the demand of the Pujiang fragrant oranges as stocks with stronger stress resistance and vigorous growth is becoming larger and higher, and meanwhile, the requirements on the Pujiang fragrant orange stocks are also becoming higher and higher. If the traditional plant division propagation method is adopted, the propagation coefficient is low, the propagation speed is slow, and the requirements of people can not be met; if the seeds are used for sowing, the defects of low propagation coefficient, large variation, difficult preservation of excellent properties of parents and the like exist. The traditional cutting propagation technology is only limited to spring cutting, and the time of propagation of the Pu-river orange is greatly shortened. Therefore, the establishment of a stable cutting propagation method of 'Typhae river orange' has important significance for improving the propagation coefficient of 'Typhae river orange' and widely popularizing and using the 'Typhae river orange' as an excellent rootstock.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a hardwood cutting seedling raising method based on the cattail river fragrant oranges, aiming at the problems of low propagation coefficient, slow propagation speed and limited cutting season of the cattail river fragrant oranges, the method improves the rooting rate of the cattail river fragrant oranges, and effectively prolongs the season of the cattail river fragrant oranges for cutting seedling raising, thereby realizing the rapid and efficient propagation of the cattail river fragrant oranges.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a hardwood cutting seedling raising method based on Pu' er river fragrant oranges, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting branches:
selecting branches in a clear day, in the morning and in the field; selecting semi-lignified branches with uniform thickness, full axillary buds and no diseases and insect pests, cutting off the semi-lignified branches, wrapping the semi-lignified branches with newspaper, and uniformly spraying water for moisturizing;
step 2, branch treatment;
step 3, stem section cuttage:
a. manufacturing a seedbed: selecting a foam box with a thickness of 1cm, and drilling a 1cm foam box at the bottom every 10cm2The substrate is flatly laid in a foam box; then spraying 500-1000 times of carbendazim solution, soaking the substrate, tightly covering with a film, sun-drying for 3-5 days, and cooling for later use;
b. cuttage: thoroughly watering the seedbed, kneading the seedbed into a cluster with the humidity approximately, lightly touching the cluster to disperse the cluster, inserting the stem into the substrate to the depth of 2-3 cm, and at least ensuring that the lowest bud point is covered by the substrate; compacting the matrix after cutting to facilitate rooting;
c. covering a film and shading: horizontally covering a transparent film on the foam box, sealing the upper part of the foam box to keep higher humidity, and placing the foam box at a shaded position to avoid direct solar radiation;
d. watering and daily management: watering with a watering can in the morning, wherein the water is preferably in a mist shape, watering until the leaves drip, and immediately covering the film; ventilating for 15min in the evening after one week of cuttage, and ventilating for 15min in the morning and at night every two weeks after cuttage;
step 4, hardening seedlings:
after two weeks of cutting, the roots of part of the cutting slips grow to 1cm, ventilation is properly enhanced at the moment, 2-3 roots basically grow out of the cutting slips after 4 weeks of cutting, the roots grow to 5-10 cm, at the moment, the plastic film is removed, water is still poured once every day, and the plants are adaptive to the external environment; if the roots are few or the growth vigor is weak, transplanting the seedlings into a nutrition pot, and rejuvenating the seedlings for one week;
step 5, transplanting the nursery stock:
after hardening off the seedlings for one week, gently pulling out the cutting seedlings from the matrix, and paying attention not to damage the roots of the cutting seedlings; and (4) planting the rooted cattail river orange in the field in shady and cool weather, and cultivating by using conventional management technical measures.
Further, the process of treating the branches in the step 2 comprises the following steps: removing the part, which is not half lignified, at the top end of the branch, cutting the rest part into stem sections of 8-10 cm, wherein the cut is smooth and forms an angle of 45 degrees when the cut is cut, removing all leaves at the lower end of the stem sections, and only keeping 1/3 of 3-4 leaves at the upper part.
Further, the matrix of the seedbed in the step 3 is a mixture of perlite and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 3:1-4:1, and the thickness of the matrix is 10-15 cm.
Further, the cutting density in the step 3 is 5cm by 5 cm.
Further, the temperature of the shading part in the step 3 is kept at 22-28 ℃.
Furthermore, the substrates of the nutrition pot in the step 4 are nutrient soil, vermiculite and perlite in a mass ratio of 4:1: 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following technical effects:
the method solves the problems that the traditional seedling raising technology of the Typha river fragrant oranges is low in propagation coefficient and limited by seasons in the traditional cutting technology, stem sections of the Typha river fragrant oranges are selected for cutting, corresponding technical measures are adopted to enable the Typha river fragrant oranges to be capable of annual cutting propagation, the rooting rate and the germination rate are extremely high, the Typha river fragrant oranges can be transplanted into a field after seedling hardening, the breeding period is shortened, and the propagation coefficient of the Typha river fragrant oranges is increased. The cutting shoots can root quickly and much, the overground part has high germination rate and vigorous growth, the cutting shoot rooting rate is more than 90%, and the seedling transplanting survival rate is more than 95%.
Of course, it is not necessary for any one product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described technical effects simultaneously.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph of the growth of the invention 30 days after cutting; wherein a represents the root growth condition after 30 days of cuttage, and b represents the whole condition of the cuttage seedlings after 30 days of cuttage.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that how to implement the technical features of the present invention to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented.
Example 1
A hardwood cutting seedling raising method based on Lijiang orange specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting branches
Collecting the branch of the Dangjiang orange from the morning to the field in clear weather and without dew. Semi-lignified branches which grow vertically, are uniform in thickness, have plump axillary buds and are free of diseases and insect pests are selected for the branches, cut off, wrapped by newspaper, sprayed with water uniformly to preserve moisture, and taken back to a laboratory for treatment.
Step 2, cutting treatment
Removing the part of the top end of the branch which is not half lignified, and cutting the rest part into stem sections of 8cm, wherein the cut is smooth and forms an angle of about 45 degrees when the cut is cut. All leaves (including petioles) at the lower end of the stem section were removed, leaving only the upper 3 leaves, each leaf 1/3.
Step 3, stem section cuttage
a. And (5) manufacturing a seedbed. Selecting a foam box with a suitable size and a thickness of about 1cm, and drilling every 10cm at the bottom for 1cm2Small holes. Mixing vermiculite and perlite at a ratio of 3:1, spreading in a foam box, and making the foam box 10cm thick. Then spraying 1000 times carbendazim solution, soaking the substrate, covering with a film, drying in the sun for 3 days, and cooling for later use.
b. And (6) cutting. The seedbed is thoroughly watered, the moisture is that the seedbed can be kneaded into a mass, and the mass can be lightly touched to disperse. The stem segments were inserted approximately 2cm deep into the stroma, at least to ensure that the lowest bud points were covered by the stroma. The cutting density is 5cm by 5cm, and the substrate is compacted after cutting is finished, so as to be beneficial to rooting.
c. Covering with a film to shade. The transparent film was horizontally laid on the foam box, and the upper part of the foam box was sealed to maintain high humidity. The foam box was placed in a shade to avoid direct sunlight, and the air temperature was maintained at 28 ℃.
d. Watering and daily management. Watering with a watering can in the morning, preferably in the form of mist, until the leaves drip, and immediately covering the film. After one week of cuttage, ventilation can be performed for 15min in the evening every day. After two weeks of cutting, ventilation is carried out for 15min in the morning and at night each day.
Step 4, hardening seedlings
After two weeks of cutting, the roots of part of the cuttings can grow to 1cm, at which time ventilation can be appropriately enhanced. After 4 weeks of cutting, the cutting shoots basically grow 2 roots with the root length of 10cm, at the moment, the plastic film can be removed, and water is still poured once a day, so that the plants adapt to the external environment. If the roots are few or the growth vigor is weak, the plant can be transplanted into a nutrition pot, and the substrate is nutrient soil: vermiculite: and (3) taking perlite as 4:1:1 (mass ratio) and rejuvenating the seedlings for one week.
Step 5, transplanting the nursery stock
After hardening off for one week, the cutting seedlings are gently pulled out of the matrix, and the roots of the cutting seedlings are not damaged. Planting the seeds in the field and cultivating the seeds by proper management technical measures.
In the embodiment, 70 cutting shoots are planted in a cutting mode, and callus tissues appear after 8 days; rooting after 15 days, and growing about 1 cm; after 30 days, a large amount of roots are rooted, and as shown in fig. 1, the germination rate (the number of cuttings which sprout/the total number of cuttings) of the cutting seedlings is calculated to be 97%, the rooting rate (the number of cuttings which sprout and root/the total number of cuttings) of the cutting seedlings is calculated to be 95%, and the survival rate (the number of seedlings which survive after transplanting/the total number of seedlings) of the transplanting seedlings is calculated to be 95%.
Example 2
A hardwood cutting seedling raising method based on Lijiang orange specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting branches
Collecting the branch of the Dangjiang orange from the morning to the field in clear weather and without dew. Semi-lignified branches which grow vertically, are uniform in thickness, have plump axillary buds and are free of diseases and insect pests are selected for the branches, cut off, wrapped by newspaper, sprayed with water uniformly to preserve moisture, and taken back to a laboratory for treatment.
Step 2, cutting treatment
Removing the part of the top end of the branch which is not half lignified, and cutting the rest part into 10cm stem sections, wherein the cut is smooth and forms an angle of about 45 degrees when the cut is cut. All leaves (including petioles) at the lower end of the stem section were removed, leaving only the upper 4 leaves, each leaf 1/3.
Step 3, stem section cuttage
a. And (5) manufacturing a seedbed. Selecting a foam box with a suitable size and a thickness of about 1cm, and drilling every 10cm at the bottom for 1cm2Small holes. Mixing vermiculite and perlite at a ratio of 4:1, spreading in a foam box, and making the foam box 15cm thick. Then spraying 500 times of carbendazim solution, soaking the substrate, tightly covering with a film, drying in the sun for 5 days, and cooling for later use.
b. And (6) cutting. The seedbed is thoroughly watered, the moisture is that the seedbed can be kneaded into a mass, and the mass can be lightly touched to disperse. The stem segments were inserted into the stroma to a depth of about 3cm, at least to ensure that the lowermost bud points were covered by the stroma. The cutting density is 5cm by 5cm, and the substrate is compacted after cutting is finished, so as to be beneficial to rooting.
c. Covering with a film to shade. The transparent film was horizontally laid on the foam box, and the upper part of the foam box was sealed to maintain high humidity. The foam box was placed in a shade to avoid direct sunlight, and the air temperature was kept at 22 ℃.
d. Watering and daily management. Watering with a watering can in the morning, preferably in the form of mist, until the leaves drip, and immediately covering the film. After one week of cuttage, ventilation can be performed for 15min in the evening every day. After two weeks of cutting, ventilation is carried out for 15min in the morning and at night each day.
Step 4, hardening seedlings
After two weeks of cutting, the roots of part of the cuttings can grow to 1cm, at which time ventilation can be appropriately enhanced. After 4 weeks of cutting, the cutting shoots basically grow 3 roots with the root length of 5cm, at the moment, the plastic film can be removed, and water is still poured once a day, so that the plants adapt to the external environment. If the roots are few or the growth vigor is weak, the plant can be transplanted into a nutrition pot, and the substrate is nutrient soil: vermiculite: and (3) taking perlite as 4:1:1 (mass ratio) and rejuvenating the seedlings for one week.
Step 5, transplanting the nursery stock
After hardening off for one week, the cutting seedlings are gently pulled out of the matrix, and the roots of the cutting seedlings are not damaged. Planting the seeds in the field and cultivating the seeds by proper management technical measures.
In the embodiment, 100 cuttings are planted in total, and callus appears after 10 days; rooting after 18 days; after 35 days, a large amount of roots are rooted, the germination rate (the number of cutting shoots which sprout/the total number of cutting shoots) of the cutting seedlings is calculated to be 95%, the rooting rate (the number of cutting shoots which sprout and root/the total number of cutting shoots) of the cutting seedlings is 93%, and the survival rate (the number of seedlings which survive after transplanting/the total number of seedlings) of the transplanting seedlings is 96%.
Example 3
A hardwood cutting seedling raising method based on Lijiang orange specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting branches
Collecting the branch of the Dangjiang orange from the morning to the field in clear weather and without dew. Semi-lignified branches which grow vertically, are uniform in thickness, have plump axillary buds and are free of diseases and insect pests are selected for the branches, cut off, wrapped by newspaper, sprayed with water uniformly to preserve moisture, and taken back to a laboratory for treatment.
Step 2, cutting treatment
Removing the part of the top end of the branch which is not half lignified, and cutting the rest part into 9cm stem sections, wherein the cut is smooth and forms an angle of about 45 degrees when the cut is taken. All leaves (including petioles) at the lower end of the stem section were removed, leaving only the upper 4 leaves, each leaf 1/3.
Step 3, stem section cuttage
a. And (5) manufacturing a seedbed. Selecting a foam box with a suitable size and a thickness of about 1cm, and drilling every 10cm at the bottom for 1cm2Small holes. Mixing vermiculite and perlite at a ratio of 3.5:1, spreading in a foam box, and making the foam box 15cm thick. Then spraying 500 times of carbendazim solution, soaking the substrate, tightly covering with a film, drying in the sun for 5 days, and cooling for later use.
b. And (6) cutting. The seedbed is thoroughly watered, the moisture is that the seedbed can be kneaded into a mass, and the mass can be lightly touched to disperse. The stem segments are inserted into the substrate to a depth of about 2-3 cm, so that at least the lowest bud points are covered by the substrate. The cutting density is 5cm by 5cm, and the substrate is compacted after cutting is finished, so as to be beneficial to rooting.
c. Covering with a film to shade. The transparent film was horizontally laid on the foam box, and the upper part of the foam box was sealed to maintain high humidity. The foam box is placed in a shady place to avoid direct sunlight, and the air temperature is kept at 25 ℃.
d. Watering and daily management. Watering with a watering can in the morning, preferably in the form of mist, until the leaves drip, and immediately covering the film. After one week of cuttage, ventilation can be performed for 15min in the evening every day. After two weeks of cutting, ventilation is carried out for 15min in the morning and at night each day.
Step 4, hardening seedlings
After two weeks of cutting, the roots of part of the cuttings can grow to 1cm, at which time ventilation can be appropriately enhanced. After 4 weeks of cutting, the cutting shoots basically grow 2 roots with the root length of 8cm, at the moment, the plastic film can be removed, and water is still poured once a day, so that the plants adapt to the external environment. If the roots are few or the growth vigor is weak, the plant can be transplanted into a nutrition pot, and the substrate is nutrient soil: vermiculite: and (3) taking perlite as 4:1:1 (mass ratio) and rejuvenating the seedlings for one week.
Step 5, transplanting the nursery stock
After hardening off for one week, the cutting seedlings are gently pulled out of the matrix, and the roots of the cutting seedlings are not damaged. Planting the seeds in the field and cultivating the seeds by proper management technical measures.
In the embodiment, 100 cuttings are planted in total, and callus appears after 8 days; rooting after 16 days; after 32 days, a large amount of roots are rooted, the germination rate (the number of cutting shoots which sprout/the total number of cutting shoots) of the cutting seedlings is counted to be 96%, the rooting rate (the number of cutting shoots which sprout and root/the total number of cutting shoots) of the cutting seedlings is counted to be 95%, and the survival rate (the number of seedlings which survive after being transplanted/the total number of seedlings) of the transplanting seedlings is counted to be 96%.
Comparative example 1
And (4) cutting by adopting a traditional cutting method.
Step 1, selecting branches
Collecting the branch of the Dangjiang orange from the morning to the field in clear weather and without dew. Semi-lignified branches which grow vertically, have uniform thickness and plump axillary buds and do not have diseases and insect pests are selected for the branches.
Step 2, cutting treatment
Removing the part of the top end of the branch which is not half lignified, and cutting the rest part into 9cm stem sections, wherein the cut is smooth and forms an angle of about 45 degrees when the cut is taken. All leaves (including petioles) at the lower end of the stem section were removed, leaving only the upper 4 leaves, each leaf 1/3.
Step 3, stem section cuttage
a. And (5) manufacturing a seedbed. Directly cutting in the field. Leveling the land and loosening the soil.
b. And (6) cutting. The seedbed is thoroughly watered, the moisture is that the seedbed can be kneaded into a mass, and the mass can be lightly touched to disperse. The stem segments are inserted into the soil to a depth of about 2-3 cm, and at least the lowest bud points are covered by the substrate. The cutting density is 5cm by 5cm, and the substrate is compacted after cutting is finished, so as to be beneficial to rooting.
d. Watering and daily management. Watering with a watering can in the morning, wherein the water is preferably in the form of mist, and watering until the leaves drip.
In the comparative example 1, 100 cuttings are planted in total, and callus appears after 15 days; rooting after 30 days; after 37 days, a large amount of roots are rooted, the germination rate (the number of cutting shoots which sprout/the total number of cutting shoots) of the cutting seedlings is calculated to be 85%, the rooting rate (the number of cutting shoots which sprout and root/the total number of cutting shoots) of the cutting seedlings is 80%, and the survival rate (the number of seedlings which survive after transplanting/the total number of seedlings) of the transplanting seedlings is 85%.
While the foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A hardwood cutting seedling raising method based on Lijiang orange is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting branches:
selecting branches in a clear day, in the morning and in the field; selecting semi-lignified branches with uniform thickness, full axillary buds and no diseases and insect pests, cutting off the semi-lignified branches, wrapping the semi-lignified branches with newspaper, and uniformly spraying water for moisturizing;
step 2, branch treatment;
step 3, stem section cuttage:
a. manufacturing a seedbed: selecting a foam box with a thickness of 1cm, and drilling a 1cm foam box at the bottom every 10cm2The substrate is flatly laid in a foam box; then spraying 500-1000 times of carbendazim solution, soaking the substrate, covering with a film, and drying in the sun for 3-5 timesCooling for later use;
b. cuttage: thoroughly watering the seedbed, kneading the seedbed into a cluster with the humidity approximately, lightly touching the cluster to disperse the cluster, inserting the stem into the substrate to the depth of 2-3 cm, and at least ensuring that the lowest bud point is covered by the substrate; compacting the matrix after cutting to facilitate rooting;
c. covering a film and shading: horizontally covering a transparent film on the foam box, sealing the upper part of the foam box to keep higher humidity, and placing the foam box at a shaded position to avoid direct solar radiation;
d. watering and daily management: watering with a watering can in the morning, wherein the water is preferably in a mist shape, watering until the leaves drip, and immediately covering the film; ventilating for 15min in the evening after one week of cuttage, and ventilating for 15min in the morning and at night every two weeks after cuttage;
step 4, hardening seedlings:
after two weeks of cutting, the roots of part of the cutting slips grow to 1cm, ventilation is properly enhanced at the moment, 2-3 roots basically grow out of the cutting slips after 4 weeks of cutting, the roots grow to 5-10 cm, at the moment, the plastic film is removed, water is still poured once every day, and the plants are adaptive to the external environment; if the roots are few or the growth vigor is weak, transplanting the seedlings into a nutrition pot, and rejuvenating the seedlings for one week;
step 5, transplanting the nursery stock:
after hardening off the seedlings for one week, gently pulling out the cutting seedlings from the matrix, and paying attention not to damage the roots of the cutting seedlings; planting rooted cattail river orange in field in shady and cool weather, and cultivating by conventional management technology;
the process of treating the branches in the step 2 comprises the following steps: removing the part, which is not half lignified, at the top end of the branch, cutting the rest part into stem sections of 8-10 cm, wherein the cut is smooth and forms an angle of 45 degrees when the cut is cut, removing all leaves at the lower end of the stem sections, and only keeping 1/3 of 3-4 leaves at the upper part.
2. The hardwood cutting seedling raising method based on Pu-river orange according to claim 1, characterized in that the substrate of the seedbed in step 3 is a mixture of perlite and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 3:1-4:1, and the thickness of the substrate is 10-15 cm.
3. The method for raising seedlings of hardwood cutting based on Pu' er river fragrant orange according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting density in step 3 is 5cm by 5 cm.
4. The method for raising seedlings of hard wood cutting based on Pu-river orange according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the shaded part in the step 3 is kept at 22-28 ℃.
5. The method for raising seedlings of hard wood cutting based on Pu' er river orange according to claim 1, wherein the substrate of the nutrition pot in the step 4 is nutrient soil, vermiculite and perlite in a mass ratio of 4:1: 1.
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| CN106034712A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-10-26 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | Alder twig single-bud cuttage propagation method |
| CN106416649A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2017-02-22 | 浙江森禾种业股份有限公司 | Physocarpus opulifolius cutting propagation method |
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| CN106034712A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-10-26 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | Alder twig single-bud cuttage propagation method |
| CN106416649A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2017-02-22 | 浙江森禾种业股份有限公司 | Physocarpus opulifolius cutting propagation method |
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