CN113748949B - Dianthus superbus standardized propagation production method - Google Patents
Dianthus superbus standardized propagation production method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a dianthus superbus standardized propagation production method, which solves the technical problems that the dianthus superbus growth is influenced by various factors such as illumination, temperature, humidity, nutrients and the like, the artificial propagation standardized production degree is low, and the quality of the dianthus superbus is uneven. The invention explores a standardized uniform propagation method for dianthus superbus, obtains the optimal technical means for dianthus superbus to promote tillering growth and control plant height through multi-factor regulation and control steps in the growth period, and further improves the appreciation of dianthus superbus on the basis of realizing the standardized production process of dianthus superbus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a dianthus superbus standardized propagation method.
Background
Dianthus superbus (Dianthus l.), also known as wild wheat, herb of Chinese sage, flower of twelve bamboo, flower of ten species of scenic flower, giant-sentence wheat, etc., is a perennial root herb plant of the genus Dianthus of the family caryophyllaceae (Huang Jian, etc., 2011), is a traditional Chinese medicine, and is mainly used for treating urinary system infection, etc. (Li Shuiqing, etc., 2014). The flower color is bright, the plant diseases and insect pests are few, the flower color is commonly used for garden greening (Li Ying and the like, 2011), and the flower color can also be potted or cut. The herba Dianthi is perennial herb of Caryophyllaceae, with a height of 50-60 cm, a flowering period of 6-9 months, and a fruiting period of 8-10 months. Belongs to perennial herbaceous plants, has various flower quantities, dense growth, bright color and various colors during flowering, and is a very good ornamental flower. The dianthus superbus has a plurality of purposes and good ornamental effect, is suitable for being planted in a flower bed environment, or used as a pot plant, or used as a cut flower, also has certain medicinal value, and has considerable economic benefit after being planted. The dianthus superbus is generally planted by a sowing mode, the seeds of the dianthus superbus are suitable for germination at a temperature of about 13-28 ℃, the dianthus superbus is suitable for sowing in spring and autumn, the dianthus superbus can be planted in summer, the dianthus superbus needs to be selected according to the climate environment, and the production is closely related to the season, the seed quality and the like.
The growth of the dianthus superbus is influenced by various factors such as illumination, temperature, humidity, nutrients and the like, the artificial breeding standardized production degree is low, the quality of the dianthus superbus is uneven, the research on the standard standardized production flow of the dianthus superbus in recent years is less, yang Xinquan, a dianthus superbus cultivation test published in 2017 discloses a cultivation technology and a growth cycle of the dianthus superbus in Hainan, the technical points of the south propagation of the dianthus superbus are introduced through field management, fertilization, irrigation, pest control and the like, the method is only suitable for local climate, a standardized uniform propagation production technology is lacked, and technicians in the field cannot obtain a standardized method for producing the dianthus superbus, so that the method is not suitable for large-scale planting and production of the dianthus superbus. Qian Ren, 2018, discloses a new Dianthus superbus variety 'Dianthus superbus', discloses a technical key point for cultivating the new Dianthus superbus variety, and the production method has no universality, has long propagation period, cannot be suitable for standardized uniform propagation of Dianthus superbus, and particularly cannot be suitable for leaf cutting propagation.
Therefore, a standardized uniform propagation method of dianthus superbus is urgently needed to be solved, and dianthus superbus seedlings with specific excellent properties are cultivated by utilizing the direction, so that the breeding period is shortened, and the wide utilization and ornamental value of dianthus superbus is developed and popularized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dianthus superbus standardized propagation method, which solves the technical problems of long artificial propagation period, uneven growth vigor and uneven quality of dianthus superbus.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a dianthus superbus standardized propagation method comprises the following steps:
1) In the first stage of germination, seeding till cotyledon is expanded, and the whole stage is about 3d-5d; cutting the leaf into seedling until the leaf bud sprouts, wherein the process needs 5-7 days;
the temperature in the stage is 18-22 ℃, and the irregular spraying is carried out for moisturizing and cooling; the humidity of the substrate is required to be more than 95 percent; at the moment, the illumination is not too strong, and the inner and outer sunshade nets are subjected to double-layer shading, wherein the outer sunshade net with the shading rate of 60% is selected for the outer shading, and the sunshade net with the shading rate of 70% is selected for the inner sunshade; no fertilizer is applied at this stage;
2) In the second stage of development period, the seeding seedling leaves are spread to grow 2-3 true leaves; 2-3 tender leaves grow on the leaf cutting seedlings;
the humidity of the substrate at this stage is 80-85%; the temperature is 22-26 ℃, the sown seedlings are fully irradiated, and the leaf cutting seedlings need double-layer shading by an internal shading net and an external shading net; no fertilizer is applied at this stage; after the stage is finished, the seeding seedlings or the cutting seedlings need to be transplanted for one time;
3) In the third stage of growth period, the seeding seedlings grow to 5-7 true leaves; 5-7 tender leaves grow on the leaf cutting seedlings;
the humidity requirement at this stage is that the humidity of the substrate in 15d is required to be kept above 85% at the initial stage after seedling transplanting, the substrate is alternately dry and wet at the later stage of 15d, the humidity range is 50% -80%, and further growth and development of roots are promoted; the temperature is 23-26 ℃; illumination: after seedling transplanting, fully irradiating, spraying exogenous hormone salicylic acid 2-4mmol/L for 1 time every day, and continuously spraying for 3 days; opening the inner shading to keep single-layer shading when the temperature is above 30 ℃, and closing the inner shading in the morning and evening to enhance the illumination; after 2d, shading and full illumination are not needed;
fertilizing: applying a compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 20-10-10 and the ratio of N to P to K being 3000 times of that of thinner partial nitrogen within 15 days, then gradually increasing the concentration of the fertilizer along with the growth of seedlings, changing the mixture ratio of N to P to K being 10-30-20 and the ratio of N to P to K being 2000 times of that of the compound fertilizer after 25 days, and carrying out fertilization and watering together;
4) In the fourth stage of hardening off, more than 7 leaves grow out, the line grows well and is distributed in the whole hole of the plug; controlling water content at this stage, and watering when the substrate is nearly wilted compared with dry seedlings; the temperature is kept between 23 ℃ and 26 ℃; the sun shade is opened to appropriately shade when the sunshine is violent in the noon period under full illumination to avoid overhigh temperature; the concentration of the fertilizer is improved, and the compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 1500-2000 times is applied, and the ratio of N to P to K being 20-20-20.
Further, the seeding further comprises the steps of preparing before seeding:
1) Seed preparation
Collecting seeds from perennial fringed pink in 11-12 months, collecting plump and robust seeds, and spreading the seeds in a shade and dry place;
2) Time of sowing
The sowing time is 4-6 months according to the flower time; the seedling period of the sowing seedlings is 35-45 days, and the calculation is carried out according to the seedling demand time;
3) Production facility
The greenhouse needs a greenhouse with adjustable temperature, humidity and illumination and good ventilation, and the greenhouse needs an inner and outer double-layer sunshade net;
4) Seeding container
Adopts a seedling raising tray. The seedling raising tray is cleaned and disinfected, and no disease and insect source exists;
5) Matrix formulation
The seeding substrate is fine peat and the volume ratio of vermiculite is 1:1; the transplanting matrix adopts peat soil, yellow mud and bark scraps, and the volume ratio is 10: 9: 1;
6) Substrate tray
Pre-wetting the substrate to make the substrate in the seedling tray have a deep planting hole of 5mm-7mm for placing seeds.
7) Seeding
Sowing seeds in the center of the hole, wherein the seeds of the dianthus superbus need to be germinated and need not to be covered; and (4) combining the planted hole tray with watering for disinfection by using sodium diurethane or a hundred-bacterium solution.
Further, the leaf cutting seedling also comprises the following cutting process steps:
1) Cutting ear
Selecting branches with mature leaves (mother leaves), taking off the leaves close to the roots of the dianthus superbus, and sterilizing with a bactericide; soaking the selected leaves of the dianthus superbus by adopting 0.1-0.3mmol/L indoleacetic acid solution for 1min;
2) Substrate
The volume ratio of the cutting medium which is fine peat to vermiculite is 1:1; the transplanting matrix adopts peat soil, yellow mud and bark scraps, and the volume ratio is 10: 9: 1;
3) Cutting
Slowly inserting the cutting slips into the substrate of the plug tray to the depth of 2-3cm, and lightly compacting by hands.
The pink seedlings can be discharged from the nursery at the fastest speed of 45 days from cuttage, and can be arranged out of the nursery according to the size of the seedlings required. After 15 days of cuttage, the seedlings can basically root and survive, the container is a plug tray, and the seedlings can be transplanted and the pot can be changed after 20 days of cuttage, and a plastic flowerpot with the diameter of 10cm multiplied by 12cm is adopted for transplanting.
Further, the method also comprises the step of outplanting the seedlings
The visual quality comprehensive indexes of the seedlings after leaving the nursery are as follows: the plants are robust, uniform in size and compact in plant type; the number of the leaves is 6-9, the color is dark green, and the leaves are firm and strong; the stem is thick and strong, and the internodes are compact; the root system is good, has a healthy and developed root system, and has obvious root hair on the root; no plant diseases and insect pests and no mechanical damage.
The beneficial effect of this application:
1. we find that the dianthus superbus seedlings are dwarfed and compact after salicylic acid treatment for the first time, and through years of research, the dianthus superbus plant type control is influenced by multiple factors. Shading, humiture and salicylic acid treatment can synergistically regulate and control the plant type of the dianthus superbus.
2. The proper growth temperature of the dianthus superbus is about 26 ℃, however, proper low temperature is found, the dianthus superbus grows for a period of time in a stress environment, the height of plants can be remarkably dwarfed, and through a comparison test, the early-stage temperature after transplanting is too low, the dianthus superbus plants can be dwarfed to a certain degree, but the tillering number of the dianthus superbus plants is remarkably reduced. When the temperature of the growing period is about 23 ℃, the dwarfing degree of the plants can be reduced.
3. Through the comparison of humidity, the humidity of 90% of the substrate in 15d and the humidity of 50% of the substrate after 15d are suitable for controlling the plant type, the relative high humidity after early transplanting can ensure the survival of the dianthus superbus, the humidity is reduced after 15 days, and the plant type can be further dwarfed. Shading treatment is carried out, proper shading is carried out, sufficient sunlight is obtained, the photosynthetic growth of the dianthus superbus is promoted, meanwhile, the plant height growth of the dianthus superbus can be controlled through multiple regulation and control of temperature, humidity and hormone, and the tillering number of the dianthus superbus is increased.
4. Compared with the application of different exogenous hormones, the salicylic acid is found to control the seedling height growth of the dianthus superbus seedlings, dwarfs the plants, beautifies the plant types and improves the tillering number of the dianthus superbus seedlings; according to the test examples, chlormequat chloride is not as good as salicylic acid spraying for regulating and controlling the plant type of dianthus superbus.
5. Compared with the treatment in different fringed pink stages, the effect of regulating the plant type of the fringed pink in the growth period is better than that in the development period (comparison example 6) or the seedling hardening period (comparison example 7), the fringed pink plant can be dwarfed by applying salicylic acid with certain concentration in the development period, but the tillering number is obviously reduced, and the ornamental value of the whole plant type of the fringed pink is influenced.
6. The survival rate of the seeding seedlings and the cutting seedlings can be improved only by the environment with higher water content of the substrate in the pink seedling stage, the plant type is not suitable to be controlled by humidity regulation (drought simulation) in the stage, and the experiment finds that the survival rate is easily influenced by the humidity regulation in the stage. And by regulating and controlling the temperature, a better effect is obtained.
7. The dianthus superbus usually shows a certain low temperature resistance under natural conditions, and the plant type of the dianthus superbus seedling at the later stage can be effectively controlled by properly controlling the temperature in the germination stage and the development stage and making the temperature lower than the optimal temperature for growth and development. Wherein the temperature in the germination stage is controlled at 20 ℃, the plant height in the development stage at 22 ℃ is the lowest, and the tillering number is higher; the temperature in the germination period and the development period is too low, so that the tillering of the dianthus superbus is influenced, and the plant type is not attractive; and properly reducing the temperature in the development period, the plant type of the dianthus superbus can be effectively controlled.
8. The propagation coefficient of the dianthus superbus is increased through leaf cutting, the production cost is reduced, the seedling raising period and the nursery time are shortened, and on the other hand, the tillering of the dianthus superbus is promoted through hormones, and the plant type of the dianthus superbus is controlled. Years of research shows that the survival rate of the dianthus superbus leaf cutting is high, the production cost can be reduced by adopting the leaf cutting, and the seedling raising period and the outplanting time are shortened.
9. The optimal scheme for influencing the Dianthus superbus cuttage survival rate is that leaf cutting medium is fine peat, the volume ratio of vermiculite is 1:1, root leaf cutting is selected, and 0.3mmol/L indoleacetic acid is used for soaking. The optimal scheme for influencing the period of leaving nursery of the dianthus superbus is that leaf-cutting medium is fine peat, the volume ratio of vermiculite is 1:1, leaf cutting of root leaves is selected, and the leaves are soaked in indoleacetic acid of 0.2 mmol/L.
Drawings
FIG. 1 Standard reproduction and growth chart of Dianthus superbus
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A standardized propagation method for Dianthus superbus seeding comprises the following steps:
1) Seed preparation
Collecting seeds from perennial fringed pink in 11-12 months, collecting plump and robust seeds, and spreading the seeds in a shade and dry place;
2) Time of sowing
Calculating according to the seedling demand time;
3) Production facility
A greenhouse with adjustable temperature, humidity and illumination and good ventilation is required, and the greenhouse is required to be provided with an inner layer sunshade net and an outer layer sunshade net;
4) Seeding container
Adopts a seedling raising tray. The seedling raising tray is cleaned and disinfected, and no disease and insect source exists;
5) Matrix formulation
The volume ratio of the substrate of the seeding is 1:1 as fine peat and vermiculite; the matrix for transplanting adopts peat soil, yellow mud and bark scraps, and the volume ratio is 10: 9: 1;
6) Substrate tray
Pre-wetting the substrate to make the substrate in the seedling tray have a planting hole with the depth of 6mm for placing seeds.
7) Seeding
Sowing seeds in the center of the hole, wherein the seeds of the dianthus superbus need to be germinated and need not to be covered; and (4) combining the planted hole tray with watering for disinfection by using sodium diurethane or a hundred-bacterium solution.
8) And (4) management in the four stages of the growth period:
in the first stage of germination, the temperature is 20 ℃, and irregular spraying, moisturizing and cooling are carried out; the substrate humidity is required to be 95%; at the moment, the illumination is not too strong, and the inner and outer sunshade nets are subjected to double-layer shading, wherein the outer sunshade net with the shading rate of 60% is selected for the outer shading, and the sunshade net with the shading rate of 70% is selected for the inner sunshade; no fertilizer is applied at this stage;
a second stage development period, wherein the humidity of the substrate is 85 percent; the temperature is 22 ℃, and full light irradiation is performed; no fertilizer is applied at this stage; after the stage is finished, the seeding seedlings or the cutting seedlings need to be transplanted for one time;
in the third stage, the humidity requirement in the stage is that the humidity of the substrate in 15d is required to be maintained at 90% in the initial stage after seedling transplanting, the substrate is alternately dry and wet in the 15d later stage, the humidity range is 50%, and further growth and development of roots are promoted; the temperature is 23 ℃; illumination: after seedling transplanting, the seedlings are fully irradiated, exogenous hormone salicylic acid is sprayed for 2mmol/L for 1 time every day, and the seedlings are continuously sprayed for 3 days; opening the inner shading to keep single-layer shading when the temperature is above 30 ℃, and closing the inner shading in the morning and evening to enhance the illumination; after 2d, shading and full illumination are not needed; fertilizing: applying a compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 20-10-10 and the ratio of N to P to K being 3000 times of that of thinner partial nitrogen within 15 days, then gradually increasing the concentration of the fertilizer along with the growth of seedlings, changing the mixture ratio of N to P to K being 10-30-20 and the ratio of N to P to K being 2000 times of that of the compound fertilizer after 25 days, and carrying out fertilization and watering together;
in the fourth stage of hardening off, more than 7 leaves grow out, the line grows well and is distributed in the whole hole of the plug; controlling water content at this stage, and watering the substrate when the substrate is close to wilting compared with the dry seedling; the temperature is kept at 26 ℃; the sun shade is opened to appropriately shade when the sunshine is violent in the noon period under full illumination to avoid overhigh temperature; the fertilizer concentration is improved, and 1500 times of compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 20-20-20 is applied.
Example 2
A standardized propagation method for Dianthus superbus seeding comprises the following steps:
1) Cutting ear
Selecting branches with mature leaves (mother leaves), taking off the leaves close to the roots of the dianthus superbus, and sterilizing with a bactericide; soaking the leaves selected by the dianthus superbus leaf insert for 1min by adopting 0.2mmol/L indoleacetic acid solution;
2) Substrate
The substrate during cuttage is fine peat, and the volume ratio of vermiculite is 1:1; the matrix for transplanting adopts peat soil, yellow mud and bark scraps, and the volume ratio is 10: 9: 1;
3) Cutting
Slowly inserting the cutting slips into the substrate of the plug tray, wherein the depth of leaf insertion is 2cm, and then lightly compacting by hand.
4) Post-insertion management
The first stage is a germination period, the temperature in the germination period is 20 ℃, and irregular spraying is carried out for moisturizing and cooling; the substrate humidity is required to be 95%; at the moment, the illumination is not too strong, and the inner shading net and the outer shading net are subjected to double-layer shading, wherein the shading net with the shading rate of 60% is selected for the outer shading, and the shading net with the shading rate of 70% is selected for the inner shading; no fertilizer is applied at this stage;
a second stage development period, wherein the humidity of the substrate is 85 percent; the temperature is 22 ℃, and double-layer shading is carried out on the inner shading net and the outer shading net; no fertilizer is applied at this stage; after the stage is finished, the seeding seedlings or the cutting seedlings need to be transplanted for one time;
in the third stage, the humidity requirement in the stage is that the humidity of the substrate in 15d is required to be maintained at 90% in the initial stage after seedling transplanting, the substrate is alternately dry and wet in the 15d later stage, the humidity range is 50%, and further growth and development of roots are promoted; the temperature is 23 ℃; illumination: after seedling transplanting, keeping the inner shading net open for single-layer shading, spraying exogenous hormone salicylic acid 2mmol/L for 1 time every day, and continuously spraying for 3 days; shading in the morning and evening, properly enhancing illumination, and performing full illumination without shading after 2 d;
fertilizing: applying a compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 20-10-10 and the ratio of N to P to K being 3000 times of that of thinner partial nitrogen within 15 days, then gradually increasing the concentration of the fertilizer along with the growth of seedlings, changing the mixture ratio of N to P to K being 10-30-20 and the ratio of N to P to K being 2000 times of that of the compound fertilizer after 25 days, and carrying out fertilization and watering together;
in the fourth stage of hardening off, more than 7 leaves grow out, the line grows well and is distributed in the whole hole of the plug; controlling water content at this stage, and watering the substrate when the substrate is close to wilting compared with the dry seedling; the temperature is kept at 26 ℃; the inner shading net and the outer shading net are folded to enhance the illumination, and the inner shading net is opened to appropriately shade when the sunlight is violent in the noon period so as to avoid overhigh temperature; the concentration of the fertilizer is improved, and the compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 1500 times is applied, wherein the ratio of N to P to K is 20-20-20.
Experiment-experimental study on shading, temperature and humidity and salicylic acid treatment synergistic plant type regulation in fringed pink seedling stage
The test method comprises the following steps: the test is carried out in 5 months in 2020, the test material uses the seedlings in the dianthus superbus growing period as the test material, and the test site is located in the test nursery of subtropical crop research institute in Zhejiang province. The method comprises the following steps of obtaining a dianthus superbus seedling growth factor capable of effectively controlling plant types in a growing period according to different dianthus superbus stages researched earlier, further researching the influence of different shading nets (wherein the shading net with the shading rate of 60% is selected for external shading and 70% is selected for internal shading) on the control of the dianthus superbus seedling plant types in the growing period (other stages are used as controls), applying no fertilizer, controlling temperature and humidity and spraying hormone in the stage, repeating the specific cultivation method for 3 times in each nursery as in example 1, and measuring the plant height and the tiller number after seedling hardening period before emergence.
TABLE 1 test for shade, humiture and salicylic acid treatment synergistic plant type regulation
And (3) test results:
the plant type control of the dianthus superbus is influenced by multiple factors, and long-term tests prove that the plant height and tillering number regulating and controlling means which influence the plant type of the dianthus superbus can be found out, so that the plant height can be kept within a certain height range, tillering of the plant can not be influenced, and the growth and development of the crown width of the plant can be promoted.
The test results of shade, temperature and humidity and salicylic acid treatment synergistic plant type regulation in table 1 show that shade, temperature and humidity and salicylic acid treatment can be used for synergistically regulating the plant type of dianthus superbus, and a certain means is adopted in the growth period: after seedling transplanting, the inner shading net is kept open for single-layer shading, shading is not needed after 2d, full exposure is carried out, the temperature is 23 ℃,2mmol/L, 90% of matrix humidity in 15d and 50% of matrix humidity after 15d can obviously influence the high growth of the dianthus superbus seedlings, the tillering number of the dianthus superbus seedlings is increased, and the Qu wheat seedlings with good plant types and strong ornamental value are formed. Compared with the comparative example 1 without salicylic acid treatment, the comparative example 2,4,5 only regulates temperature and humidity, and the comparative example 3 without shading treatment, the effect of controlling plant type integrally is not as good as the effect of shading, temperature and humidity and salicylic acid treatment. The shading, the temperature and the humidity and the salicylic acid treatment can be used for synergistically regulating and controlling the plant type of the dianthus superbus seedlings.
The proper growth temperature of the dianthus superbus is about 26 ℃, however, proper low temperature is found, the dianthus superbus grows for a period of time in a adversity, the plant height can be remarkably dwarfed, and through a comparison test (test example 5,6), the early-stage temperature after transplanting is too low, the dianthus superbus plant can be dwarfed to a certain degree, and the tiller number is remarkably reduced. When the temperature is about 23 ℃, the plant dwarfing degree can be reduced.
Through the comparison of humidity, the humidity of 90% of the substrate in 15d and the humidity of 50% of the substrate after 15d are suitable for controlling the plant type, the relative high humidity after early transplanting can ensure the survival of the dianthus superbus, the humidity is reduced after 15 days, and the plant type can be further dwarfed. The moisture increase can improve tillering number, but can promote the growth of plant height, so the moisture is controlled in the later period, the moisture content of the substrate is reduced, and the dianthus superbus plant height can be controlled by matching with other treatments.
For shading treatment, after seedling transplanting, the inner shading net is kept open for single-layer shading, the inner shading is closed in the morning and evening, the illumination is properly enhanced, shading is not needed after 2 days, the pink can obtain sufficient sunlight through full illumination, the photosynthetic growth of the pink is promoted, meanwhile, the height growth of the pink can be controlled through multiple regulation and control of temperature, humidity and hormone, and the tillering number of the pink can be increased.
Compared with the application of different exogenous hormones, the salicylic acid is found to control the seedling height growth of the dianthus superbus seedlings, dwarfs the plants, beautifies the plant types and improves the tillering number of the dianthus superbus seedlings; according to the test example 12,13, chlormequat chloride is not as effective as salicylic acid spray in regulating the plant type of dianthus superbus.
Compared with the treatment in different fringed pink stages, the effect of regulating the plant type of the fringed pink in the growth period is better than that in the development period (comparison example 6) or the seedling hardening period (comparison example 7), the fringed pink plant can be dwarfed by applying salicylic acid with certain concentration in the development period, but the tillering number is obviously reduced, and the ornamental value of the whole plant type of the fringed pink is influenced.
Test of the influence of temperature control in the second germination and development stages on the control of Dianthus superbus plant types
The method is characterized in that the dianthus superbus seedling growth factor interfering the dianthus superbus seedling growth in the growth period can be obtained to effectively control the plant type according to different stages of dianthus superbus researched earlier, the influence of temperature regulation and control in different stages on the dianthus superbus plant type control is further researched, different temperature gradients are set, the influence of the temperature regulation and control on the dianthus superbus seedling plant type control is researched, the specific cultivation method is the same as that in example 2, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the plant height and the tillering number are measured before the dianthus superbus seedling is outplanted after all treatment seedling hardening periods.
TABLE 2 influence of temperature control on Dianthus superbus plant type control
| Treatment of | In the stage of germination | Stage of development | Plant height (cm) | Tillering number |
| Test example 14 | 18℃ | 18℃ | 26.3 | 2.0 |
| Test example 15 | 18℃ | 20℃ | 27.7 | 2.1 |
| Test example 16 | 20℃ | 22℃ | 29.5 | 3.6 |
| Test example 17 | 20℃ | 20℃ | 28.5 | 3.1 |
| Test example 18 | 22℃ | 18℃ | 32.0 | 2.4 |
| Test example 19 | 22℃ | 20℃ | 34.9 | 3.7 |
| Test example 20 | 20℃ | 16℃ | 33.2 | 2.4 |
| Test example 21 | 20℃ | 23℃ | 30.5 | 3.1 |
| Test example 22 | 25℃ | 18℃ | 36.2 | 2.5 |
And (3) test results:
the survival rate of the seeding seedlings and the cutting seedlings can be improved only by the environment with higher water content of the substrate in the pink seedling stage, the plant type is not suitable to be controlled by humidity regulation (drought simulation) in the stage, and the experiment finds that the survival rate is easily influenced by the humidity regulation in the stage. And by regulating and controlling the temperature, a better effect is obtained.
The pink herb can grow only within a certain temperature range. The influence of temperature on the growth is comprehensive, the growth of plants can be influenced by influencing metabolic processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration and the like, or influencing metabolic processes such as synthesis and transportation of organic matters, the soil temperature and the air temperature can be directly influenced, and the growth of plants can be influenced by influencing the absorption and the transmission of water and fertilizer. Since the activities of enzymes participating in metabolic activities are expressed differently at different temperatures, dianthus superbus can grow only within the range of the lowest temperature and the highest temperature. Although the optimum temperature for growth is the temperature at which the plants grow fastest, the optimum temperature is not the temperature at which the plants grow most robustly, and is also beneficial to plant type control of the pink seedlings. Because the organic matters in the plant body are excessively consumed at the optimum temperature, the plant grows slender and weak.
The dianthus superbus usually shows a certain low temperature resistance under natural conditions, and the plant type of later-stage dianthus superbus seedlings can be effectively controlled by properly controlling the temperature in the germination period and the development period and ensuring that the temperature is lower than the optimal temperature for growth and development. In the test example 16, the plant height is lowest and the tillering number is higher when the temperature in the germination stage is controlled at 20 ℃ and the plant height is 22 ℃ in the development stage; the temperature in the germination period and the development period is too low, so that the tillering of the dianthus superbus is influenced, and the plant type is not attractive; and properly reducing the temperature in the development period, the plant type of the dianthus superbus can be effectively controlled.
Test of the influence of leaf cutting of three Dianthus superbus on shortening the propagation cycle of cutting seedlings
The experiment was performed according to the factors and levels of table 3, with 9 treatments, 10,3 replicates per treatment basin. The method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing a substrate ratio A (wherein a horizontal 1 is fine peat and a volume ratio of perlite is 1:1, a horizontal 2 is fine peat and a volume ratio of vermiculite is 1:1, a horizontal 3 is a volume ratio of fine peat, perlite and vermiculite is 1L) three conditions as variables, and survival rate as an index, and selecting an optimal combination, L9 (3) 3 ) And (4) an orthogonal table. Specifically, the leaves selected from the dianthus superbus leaves are soaked in indoleacetic acid solution for 1min, and the specific cultivation method is the same as that in example 2. Determining to meet the outplanting index: the plants are robust and uniform in size, the number of leaves is 6-9, the number of days required when the color is dark green, and the final survival rate.
Table 3 orthogonal design factors and test results affecting dianthus superbus reproduction cycle
And (3) test results:
years of research shows that the survival rate of the dianthus superbus leaf cuttings is high, the production cost can be reduced by adopting the leaf cuttings, the seedling raising period and the outplanting time are shortened, and on the other hand, the tillering of the dianthus superbus is promoted by hormones, and the plant type of the dianthus superbus is controlled. As can be seen from Table 3, the optimal scheme for influencing the survival rate of the fringed pink is A2B3C3, namely the volume ratio of fine peat to vermiculite is 1:1, the leaf cutting of the root part is selected, and the leaf cutting is soaked in 0.3mmol/L indoleacetic acid. The optimal scheme for influencing the period of leaving nursery of the fringed pink is A2B3C 2, namely the volume ratio of fine peat to vermiculite is 1:1, the leaf cutting of the root leaves is selected, and the leaves are soaked in indoleacetic acid of 0.2 mmol/L. The influence sequence of all factors is survival rate: b (leaf position) > C (indoleacetic acid concentration) > a (substrate ratio), outplanting time: b (leaf position) > a (substrate ratio) > C (indoleacetic acid concentration).
In conclusion, the key factors influencing the propagation survival rate of the dianthus superbus leaf cutting and shortening the outplanting time lie in the positions of the leaves selected by the leaf cutting, researches find that the leaf cutting survival rate of the leaves selected at the root is the highest, the cutting survival rates of the leaves at other parts are obviously reduced, and the outplanting time of the leaves selected at the root can be greatly shortened. The concentration of hormone and the use of indoleacetic acid can promote the dianthus superbus leaf cutting to take root and accelerate the growth and development of the dianthus superbus leaf cutting, thereby shortening the outplanting speed.
Test of the influence of the selection of transplanting substrate and fertilizer application on the Dianthus superbus propagation method
Researching the influence of the transplanting matrix and the fertilization measure after transplanting on the propagation and growth of the dianthus superbus. The cultivation method is the same as the embodiment, namely, fertilization is not carried out in the germination period and the development period, and the management is carried out in the four stages of the growth period: and (3) fertilizing in a growth period: applying an N, P and K compound fertilizer which is 3000 times thinner and nitrogen-rich within 15 days, then gradually increasing the fertilizer concentration along with the growth of seedlings, and changing to a compound fertilizer which is 2000 times thinner after 25 days; and in the seedling hardening period, 1500 times of compound fertilizer is applied. Repeating each treatment for 3 times, finishing the hardening-off period, and measuring the plant height and the fresh weight of leaves before outplanting.
TABLE 4 influence of substrate ratio on the growth of Dianthus superbus
And (3) test results:
the influence of the selection of transplanting matrix and fertilizer application on the dianthus superbus propagation expanding production method is obvious, the transplanting matrix adopts peat soil, yellow mud and bark scraps, and when the volume ratio is 10: 9: 1, fertilizer application is matched: applying an N, P and K compound fertilizer which is 3000 times thinner and nitrogen-rich within 15 days, then gradually increasing the fertilizer concentration along with the growth of seedlings, and changing to a compound fertilizer which is 2000 times thinner after 25 days; in the hardening-off period, 1500 times of compound fertilizer is applied, wherein the fertilizing mode of the experimental example 13 ensures that the height of the seedlings of the dianthus superbus out of nursery is 29.5cm, the fresh weight of leaves is 19.3g, and the higher plant type standard is achieved; after 25 days of transplanting, the proportion of phosphorus is increased, the growth of the plants can be promoted, and the control of the height of the dianthus superbus plants is not facilitated due to the high content of phosphorus (see experimental example 36). After exploring more types of matrixes, the fact that the transplanting matrixes adopt peat soil, yellow mud and bark chips, the volume ratio of the peat soil, the yellow mud and the bark chips is 10: 9: 1 is beneficial to controlling the dianthus superbus plant types, the fresh weight of leaves after the dianthus superbus plants are outplanted is high, the plants grow strongly, the ornamental value of later-stage transplanting planting is good, and the salt resistance and drought resistance performance show a good level.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The dianthus superbus standardized propagation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) In the first stage of germination, sowing seedlings until cotyledons are unfolded, and 3d-5d in the whole stage; cutting the leaf into seedling until the leaf bud sprouts, wherein the process needs 5-7 days; the temperature in this stage is 20 ℃, and the substrate humidity is required to be more than 95%; carrying out double-layer shading on the inner shading net and the outer shading net, wherein the shading net with the shading rate of 60% is selected for the outer shading net, and the shading net with the shading rate of 70% is selected for the inner shading net; no fertilizer is applied at this stage;
2) In the second stage development period, the seeding seedling leaves are spread until 2-3 true leaves grow out; 2-3 tender leaves grow on the leaf cutting seedlings;
the humidity of the substrate at this stage is 80-85%; the temperature is 22 ℃; fully irradiating the sowed seedlings, and carrying out double-layer shading on the leaf-cutting seedlings by using an internal shading net and an external shading net; after the stage is finished, transplanting the seedlings for one time for sowing or cutting; no fertilizer is applied at this stage;
3) In the third stage of growth period, the seeding seedlings grow to 5-7 true leaves; 5-7 tender leaves grow on the leaf cutting seedlings;
after seedling transplanting, shading by a single layer, and fully illuminating after 2 d; the temperature is 23 ℃; the humidity of the matrix is required to be kept at 90% within 15d, and the humidity is 50% after 15 d; spraying exogenous hormone salicylic acid 2 mmol/L1 time per day for 3 days; fertilizing: applying a compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 20-10-10 and the ratio of N to P to K being 3000 times of that of thinner partial nitrogen within 15 days, then gradually increasing the concentration of the fertilizer along with the growth of seedlings, and changing the mixture ratio of N to P to K being 10-30-20 and the ratio of N to P to K being 2000 times of that of the compound fertilizer after 25 days;
4) In the fourth stage of seedling hardening, more than 7 leaves grow out, the root system grows well and is distributed in the whole hole of the plug; controlling water content at this stage, and watering the substrate when the substrate is close to wilting compared with the dry seedling; the temperature is kept between 23 ℃ and 26 ℃; at the stage of full illumination, when the sunshine is violent in the noon period, the inner shading is opened for proper shading to avoid overhigh temperature; the concentration of the fertilizer is improved, and the compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 1500-2000 times is applied, and the ratio of N to P to K being 20-20-20.
2. The dianthus superbus standardized propagation method according to claim 1, wherein: sowing the seedlings further comprises the steps of preparation before sowing:
1) Seed preparation
Collecting seeds from perennial fringed pink in 11-12 months, collecting plump and robust seeds, spreading out, and airing in a cool and dry place;
2) Time of sowing
The sowing time is 4-6 months according to the flower time; the seedling period of the sowing seedlings is 35-45 days, and the calculation is carried out according to the seedling demand time;
3) Production facility
A greenhouse with adjustable temperature, humidity and illumination and good ventilation is required, and the greenhouse is required to be provided with an inner layer sunshade net and an outer layer sunshade net; selecting a sunshade net with a shading rate of 60% for external shading, and selecting a sunshade net with a shading rate of 70% for internal shading;
4) Seeding container
A seedling raising plate is adopted, and the seedling raising plate needs to be cleaned and disinfected and has no disease and pest source;
5) Matrix formulation
Sterilizing the seedling tray and then filling a seeding matrix;
6) Substrate tray
Pre-wetting the substrate to ensure that the substrate in the seedling raising tray hole has a deep planting hole of 5mm-7mm for placing seeds;
7) Seeding
Sowing seeds in the center of the hole, wherein the dianthus superbus seeds need light for germination and do not need to be covered; and (4) combining the planted hole tray with watering for disinfection by using sodium diurethane or a hundred-bacterium solution.
3. The dianthus superbus standardized propagation method according to claim 1, wherein: the leaf cutting seedling also comprises the following cutting process steps:
1) Cutting ear
Selecting branches with mature leaves, taking off the leaves of the dianthus superbus close to the roots, and sterilizing with a bactericide;
2) Substrate
After the seedling raising tray is disinfected, a cuttage matrix is filled;
3) Cuttage
Slowly inserting the cutting slips into the substrate of the plug tray, wherein the inserting depth is 2-3cm, and then lightly compacting by hands.
4. The dianthus superbus standardized propagation method according to claim 3, wherein: and (2) soaking the disinfected cutting leaves in 0.1-0.3mmol/L indoleacetic acid solution for 1min.
5. The standardized fringed pink propagation production method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: wherein the seeding substrate adopts fine peat and vermiculite, and the volume ratio is 1:1; the transplanting matrix adopts peat soil, yellow mud and bark scraps, and the volume ratio is 10: 9: 1.
6. The dianthus superbus standardized propagation method according to claim 3, wherein: wherein the cutting medium is fine peat and vermiculite, and the volume ratio of the fine peat to the vermiculite is 1:1; the transplanting matrix adopts peat soil, yellow mud and bark scraps, and the volume ratio is 10: 9: 1.
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