CN110402706A - A kind of fast breeding method of Ou Shizhu - Google Patents
A kind of fast breeding method of Ou Shizhu Download PDFInfo
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- CN110402706A CN110402706A CN201910860768.9A CN201910860768A CN110402706A CN 110402706 A CN110402706 A CN 110402706A CN 201910860768 A CN201910860768 A CN 201910860768A CN 110402706 A CN110402706 A CN 110402706A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/002—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/02—Acyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/34—Nitriles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
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Abstract
The invention discloses the fast breeding methods of Ou Shizhu a kind of, comprising the following steps: Step 1: matrix is chosen；Step 2: adopting fringe: acquiring the high-quality stem branch of not blooming that healthy and strong current year is raw, consistency is good and be used for cuttage, retain top tip, in the nearly base portion clip of plant, retain whole blades；Step 3: configuration takes root and sterilizes compositional liquor, stem branch is impregnated；Step 4: cuttage: tight root is closed in watering in time after cuttage；Step 5: lighting process；Step 6: temperature controls；Step 7: usually keeping matrix wet, lower soil humidity after growing within 7-10 days or so new root.By the present invention in that with the nutrition thimerosal of taking root of compounding, select particular substrate, change the means such as intensity of illumination improve Ou Shizhu cuttage survival rate and rooting rate, promote seedling growth, shorten growing-seedling period, optimize Quality of Seedlings.The present invention program is easy to operate, low in cost, significant effect, is suitble to large-scale promote and apply the fast breeding, it can be achieved that Ou Shizhu.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to garden crop technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of fast breeding method of Ou Shizhu.
Background technique
Ou Shizhu (Dianthus carthusianorum) is the herbaceos perennial of Caryophyllaceae Carnation, originates in Europe
Continent is distributed in Mediterranean and European central and west regions, is common in the dry lawn area of intermountain of height above sea level 2500m or more.Plant without
Hair, blade is elongated, and petal (has white) once in a while with ridge and sawtooth, in purple powder, flower fasciation.
Ou Shizhu plant is compact, be thick with leaves, pattern is gorgeous, is favored by people, and garden landscape, which is applied, has popularity,
It is known as " lawn that can be bloomed ".Compared with common ornamental plant, Ou Shizhu is had the following characteristics that
First is that the florescence is long.It blooms in 1 year about 300 days, for full-bloom stage in spring and autumn, plant average height is about 5cm, In
It can be trimmed after full-bloom stage, repair ability is strong after trimming, can further promote branch, improves quantity of blooming.
Second is that adaptable.It is suitable for 18 ° 30 ' to 32 ° 20 ' of north latitude of subtropical monsoon climate and tropical monsson climate
Area, in Chinese north to Shaanxi, Henan, south can be planted to Hainan west to Yunnan to the east of Zhejiang.It is evergreen throughout the year, light,
Not shade tolerant, drought resistance is preferable, and resistance, pest and disease damage is few, and management is simple, resistance to trample.
Third is that using various informative.Since plant shape is short full, suitable for making potted flower.It can be applicable in garden landscape
Road, side slope, villa, garden, high class residential development, flower border, plant walls, roof garden etc., can also large-area applications to spending extra large, agriculture
Trip, literary trip, hillside fields flowering lawn etc., promote agriculture trip fusion.It can also be used in home gardening, indoor pot, the configuration of flower border, park green
Ground plant.
Ou Shizhu about introduced the country from Europe in 2010, therefore domestic less about Ou Shizhu research, at present only
A small amount of paper reports the breeding and cultivation technique of Ou Shizhu.Zhang Yanshuan etc. have studied " different substrates formula to China pink growth and
The influence of quality ", discovery compounding matrix Chinese medicine slag content can promote Ou Shizhu to grow when being 44.4%；Straight treasured etc. has studied
" ' perfection ' China pink cutting propagation " summarizes Ou Shizhu from matrix formulations, fringe bar specification, cuttage moisturizing, maintenance management etc.
Technique on Cuttage Propagation, and summarize the production method and pest management measure of commercial seedling.This is the supply of locality Ou Shizhu
Certain foundation is provided with production.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above deficiencies, the present invention provides a kind of the quick numerous of Europe easy to operate, low in cost, effective China pink
Method is educated, to solve the problems, such as Ou Shizhu commercial seedling and finished product large-scale production, make up Ou Shizhu supply currently on the market
It is insufficient.The method has the characteristics that cuttage survival rate and rooting rate is high, growing-seedling period is short, Quality of Seedlings is high.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows: a kind of Ou Shizhu fast breeding method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: matrix is chosen: choosing matrix, water-wet is added to moisten, it is stand-by to be packed into compression in hole tray；
Step 2: adopting fringe: acquire that healthy and strong current year is raw, consistency is good and do not bloom high-quality stem branch for cuttage, long 4cm,
Retain top tip, in the nearly base portion clip of plant, retains whole blades；
Sterilize compositional liquor processing Step 3: taking root: configuration, which is taken root, sterilizes compositional liquor, impregnates stem branch 20-30 minutes；
Step 4: cuttage: tight root is closed in watering in time after cuttage；
Step 5: lighting process: intensity of illumination control is in 5000-10000lx before taking root；
Step 6: temperature controls: temperature is controlled as far as possible between 20-25 degree on daytime, night 10-15 degree；
Step 7: usually keeping matrix wet, lower soil humidity after growing within 7-10 days or so new root.
Preferably, the matrix selects " No. 3 golden " nursery base from " Hangzhou Jinhai Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. "
Matter.
Preferably, it is described take root sterilize compositional liquor configuration method it is as follows:
20wt% methyl α-naphthyl acetate 7.5-15 parts by weight are added in 100 parts by weight of 45-55 degree white wine and are melted, then are added
In 15000 parts by weight clear water, 300 parts by weight of white sugar are added later and 30 parts by weight of 50wt% fungicide stir evenly, are fabricated to
Compositional liquor.
Preferably, described take root sterilizes compositional liquor and is finished within half a day.
Preferably, the fungicide is selected from carbendazim, Bravo, thiophanate.
Preferably, the cuttage depth is 2cm.
Preferably, when lighting process, when temperature is carried out 25 degree or more of season using the sunshade net of 70% sunshade rate
Covering.
Preferably, winter low temperature not shading, in it is wet；Spring and autumn shading, humidification.
Second purpose of the invention is to provide a kind of Ou Shizhu fast breeding method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: matrix configures: choosing matrix, water-wet is added to moisten, it is stand-by to be packed into compression in hole tray；
Step 2: adopting fringe: acquire that healthy and strong current year is raw, consistency is good and do not bloom high-quality stem branch for cuttage, long 4cm,
Retain top tip, in the nearly base portion clip of plant, retains whole blades；
Step 3: cuttage: tight root is closed in watering in time after cuttage；
Step 4: spraying treatment: continuous three days foliar sprays after inserting, squirted when blade face is dry anhydrous blade face to drip for
Degree；
Step 5: lighting process: intensity of illumination control is in 5000-10000lx before taking root；
Step 6: temperature controls: temperature is controlled as far as possible between 20-25 degree on daytime, night 10-15 degree；
Step 7: usually keeping matrix wet, lower soil humidity after growing within 7-10 days or so new root.
Preferably, when temperature is covered 25 degree or more of season using the sunshade net of 70% sunshade rate.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by the present invention in that with compounding nutrition thimerosal of taking root, select particular substrate,
Change the means such as intensity of illumination improve the cuttage survival rate of Ou Shizhu with rooting rate, the growth that promotes seedling, shorten
Growing-seedling period optimizes Quality of Seedlings.The present invention program is easy to operate, low in cost, significant effect, is suitble to large-scale promote
Using, it can be achieved that Ou Shizhu fast breeding.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is influence of the different root-inducing powder concentration processing to Ou Shizhu cuttage survival rate.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention will be further described in detail.
Embodiment 1:
The present invention provides a kind of Ou Shizhu fast breeding method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: matrix configures: configuring or select loose ventilative, water-retaining property is strong, and the matrix containing a small amount of fertilizer efficiency adds water-wet
Profit is packed into hole tray and suitably compresses for use.
Step 2: adopting fringe: acquiring the high-quality stem branch of not blooming that healthy and strong current year is raw, consistency is good and be used for cuttage, be about
4cm retains top tip, in the nearly base portion clip of plant, retains whole blades.
Sterilize compositional liquor processing Step 3: taking root: taking root, it is ready-to-use to sterilize compositional liquor, impregnates stem branch 30 minutes or so.
Step 4: cuttage: cuttage depth about 2cm, tight root is closed in watering in time after inserting, and prevents from wilting.
Step 5: lighting process: intensity of illumination control is in 5000-10000lx before taking root；When temperature is more than 25 degree, make
It is covered with the sunshade net of 70% sunshade rate.
Step 6: temperature controls: temperature is controlled as far as possible between 20-25 degree on daytime, and night 10-15 degree is preferably.
Step 7: usually keeping matrix wet, suitably lower soil humidity after growing within 7-10 days or so new root.
The warm wet balance of light controls before taking root: winter low temperature not shading, in it is wet；Spring and autumn appropriate shading, humidification.
Wherein, it is described take root sterilize compositional liquor configuration method it is as follows:
20wt% methyl α-naphthyl acetate (state's light root-inducing powder) 7.5-15g is added in 45-55 degree white wine 100g and is melted, then is added
In 15Kg clear water, white sugar 300g and 50wt% fungicide 30g is added later and stirs evenly, is fabricated to compositional liquor.It can be according to water-soluble
Liquid use demand amount increases in proportion reduces various substances.It is described take root for sterilizing compositional liquor and be finished within half a day be preferred.Wherein,
The fungicide is selected from carbendazim, Bravo, thiophanate.White wine plays the role of dissolving methyl α-naphthyl acetate, while providing nutriment confession
Ou Shi culm branch absorbs.White sugar provides carbon source and energy.
(1) root-inducing powder concentration determines
In May and September, acquires the high-quality fringe bar that healthy and strong current year is raw, consistency is good and be used for cuttage, fringe bar is about 4cm, protects
Top tip is stayed, lower cut retains whole blades from node (leaf joint) lower section clip in plant base portion.Cuttage, skewer are carried out using hole tray
Slotting depth about 2cm.It is (raw that different 5 concentration of root-inducing powder concentration 0g/Kg, 0.1g/Kg, 0.5g/Kg, 1g/Kg, 5g/Kg are set
The mass ratio of root powder and clear water, unit are indicated with g/Kg), 0.5h is impregnated, counts cuttage survival rate after 10 days, it is suitable to filter out
Root-inducing powder concentration.From fig. 1, it can be seen that not using root-inducing powder, cuttage survival rate about 85% is soaked using the concentration of 0.5g/kg and 1g/kg
After bubble, survival rate is higher, reaches 98% or more.When root-inducing powder concentration reaches 5g/kg, survival rate is declined, later period discovery,
There is deformity in small part plant.In view of cost, it is proposed that suitable root-inducing powder concentration is 0.5-1g/Kg.
(2) matrix formulations screen
In order to inquire into suitable Ou Shizhu cultivation medium formula, we have collected 6 kinds of common in the market cultivation matrixes, point
Not Wei the ring of Shouguang moral, Shandong Sheng He, golden No. 3 (Jin Hai), Shandong standing grain friend, Shandong perseverance light and Shandong Shandong it is green, to its physicochemical character
It is analyzed.Bulk density is mostly all in 0.2-0.31g/cm3Between, total porosity about 60%, water content is in 26.3%-39.7%
Between, pH value 4.93-6.9, EC value 0.43-1.42ms/cm.
1 different substrates physicochemical character of table
Note: 1 for Shouguang moral ring, 2 be Shandong Sheng He, 3 be the big green gold color of scape 3,4 for Shandong standing grain friend, 5 be Shandong perseverance light, 6
For Shandong Shandong blueness
Further, we have studied the influences that these cultivation matrixes grow Ou Shizhu.As a result, it has been found that different matrix pair
Ou Shizhu plant height, hat width, scape, bloom number, overground part fresh weight and overground part dry weight have a significant impact.Wherein from Hangzhou
" golden No. 3 " matrix show in all respects preferably, can be used as suitable cultivation matrix.
2 different substrates of table cultivate the influence grown to Ou Shizhu
(3) intensity of illumination determines
For the influence that clearly different intensities of illumination grows Ou Shizhu, we are carried out using different types of sunshade net
Covering, after discovery is using 2 layers of sunshade net (shading rate 70%), Ou Shizhu rooting rate is higher, can take root within 7-10 days, and 60 days or so
It can be with seedling.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are: sterilizing compositional liquor immersion use of taking root can also be changed to continuous three after cuttage
Its foliar spray squirts blade face when blade face is dry anhydrous to dripping for degree.
Hangzhou Cloud Nine agricultural development Co., Ltd adopting said method is handled and is not used any with exclusive use root-inducing powder
3 groups of comparisons are made in processing, and each 1000 disk of 32 hole hole tray of cuttage and seedling culture takes same management method, as a result the obvious area of growing way after half a month
Point, client takes a fancy to the first (breeding using the method for the present invention) out at a glance when choosing, and the said firm's quotation is respectively 35 yuan/
Disk, 30 yuan/disk, 25 yuan/disk, client still disposably spends 35000 yuan of wholes to buy the first.Company all adopts from this production
With this method.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all utilizations
Equivalent process transformation made by description of the invention is applied directly or indirectly in other relevant technical fields, and similarly wraps
It includes in scope of patent protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Ou Shizhu fast breeding method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: matrix is chosen: choosing matrix, water-wet is added to moisten, it is stand-by to be packed into compression in hole tray；
Step 2: adopting fringe: acquiring the high-quality stem branch of not blooming that healthy and strong current year is raw, consistency is good and be used for cuttage, retain top tip, In
The nearly base portion clip of plant retains whole blades；
Sterilize compositional liquor processing Step 3: taking root: configuration, which is taken root, sterilizes compositional liquor, impregnates stem branch 20-30 minutes；
Step 4: cuttage: tight root is closed in watering in time after cuttage；
Step 5: lighting process: intensity of illumination control is in 5000-10000lx before taking root；
Step 6: temperature controls: temperature is controlled as far as possible between 20-25 degree on daytime, night 10-15 degree；
Step 7: usually keeping matrix wet, lower soil humidity after growing within 7-10 days or so new root.
2. a kind of Ou Shizhu fast breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the matrix selection comes from
" No. 3 golden " seedling medium of " Hangzhou Jinhai Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. ".
3. a kind of Ou Shizhu fast breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described take root sterilizes compositional liquor
Configuration method it is as follows:
20wt% methyl α-naphthyl acetate 7.5-15 parts by weight are added in 100 parts by weight of 45-55 degree white wine and are melted, then add 15000 weights
It measures in part clear water, 300 parts by weight of white sugar is added later and 30 parts by weight of 50wt% fungicide stir evenly, are fabricated to compositional liquor.
4. a kind of Ou Shizhu fast breeding method according to claim 1 or 3, which is characterized in that described take root sterilizes again
It is finished within half a day with liquid.
5. a kind of Ou Shizhu fast breeding method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the fungicide is selected from more bacterium
Spirit, Bravo, thiophanate.
6. a kind of Ou Shizhu fast breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cuttage depth is 2cm.
7. a kind of Ou Shizhu fast breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when lighting process, work as temperature
It is covered 25 degree or more of seasons using the sunshade net of 70% sunshade rate.
8. a kind of Ou Shizhu fast breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that winter low temperature not shading, in
It is wet；Spring and autumn shading, humidification.
9. a kind of Ou Shizhu fast breeding method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: matrix configures: choosing matrix, water-wet is added to moisten, it is stand-by to be packed into compression in hole tray；
Step 2: adopting fringe: acquiring the high-quality stem branch of not blooming that healthy and strong current year is raw, consistency is good and be used for cuttage, retain top tip, In
The nearly base portion clip of plant retains whole blades；
Step 3: cuttage: tight root is closed in watering in time after cuttage；
Step 4: spraying treatment: continuous three days foliar sprays after inserting squirt blade face when blade face is dry anhydrous to dripping for degree；
Step 5: lighting process: intensity of illumination control is in 5000-10000lx before taking root；
Step 6: temperature controls: temperature is controlled as far as possible between 20-25 degree on daytime, night 10-15 degree；
Step 7: usually keeping matrix wet, lower soil humidity after growing within 7-10 days or so new root.
10. a kind of Ou Shizhu fast breeding method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that when temperature is at 25 degree or more
Season covered using the sunshade net of 70% sunshade rate.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113317110A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-08-31 | 朱长华 | Method for promoting flowering of sympodial bamboos through artificial intervention |
| CN113748949A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-07 | 浙江省亚热带作物研究所 | Dianthus superbus standardized propagation production method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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