CN102584441B - Cultivation matrix and cultivation method for zantedeschia hybrida cut flower - Google Patents
Cultivation matrix and cultivation method for zantedeschia hybrida cut flower Download PDFInfo
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- CN102584441B CN102584441B CN2012100328731A CN201210032873A CN102584441B CN 102584441 B CN102584441 B CN 102584441B CN 2012100328731 A CN2012100328731 A CN 2012100328731A CN 201210032873 A CN201210032873 A CN 201210032873A CN 102584441 B CN102584441 B CN 102584441B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation matrix and a cultivation method for zantedeschia hybrida cut flower. The cultivation matrix is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by weight: 40 to 80 percent of turf, 0 to 20 percent of coconut shell and 20 to 40 percent of perlite. The cultivation method comprises the following steps of: preparing before planting, planting, managing after planting, preventing and controlling pest and disease damage, and harvesting the cut flower. The defect of the traditional soil or open field cultivation mode for the zantedeschia hybrida is overcome, the space utilization rate is improved, the matrix and the method are easy and convenient to operate and clean and sanitary, the pest and disease damage is reduced, the quality stability and uniformity of the zantedeschia hybrida cut flower are greatly improved, large-scale production can be implemented, and economic benefits are improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flowers facility cultivation technique without soil, be specifically related to a kind of cultivation matrix and cultivating method thereof of cutting flower of colorful common callality.
Background technology
Water chestnut Nelumbo (Zantedeschia) plant is the important ornamental plant of Araeceae (Araceae), and calla lily wherein has critical role in current International Flower market and garden beautify.Calla lily be in the water chestnut Nelumbo except spending Alocasia ordora (Z.aethiopica) in vain the general name of all the other kinds and interspecific hybrid thereof, country of origin is the African middle and south, the kinds such as Huang, orange, powder, pink, red and secondary color are arranged, be good cut-flower, potted flower kind, very popular in New Zealand, Holland, the U.S. and Japan and other countries at present.Calla lily is ascendant trend year by year on international Market of Fresh Cut Flower, and there are New Zealand, Holland and the U.S. in its main production area, is Zelanian second largest outlet flowers.
It is not long that calla lily enters the Chinese market time, but because it spends type peculiar, beautiful in colour, become the important emerging cut-flower kind of China, there are great market development potentiality, mainly produce in Yunnan, the ground such as Jiangsu, Shanghai, Beijing, but due to the impact that is subject to the factors such as cultivating soil disease, natural condition and daily administration, there is certain gap in the product quality of calla lily aspect plant height, bennet rugosity, petal shape and plumpness.High-quality cutting flower of colorful common callality in the market also needs to rely on from manufacturer's imports such as Holland, but, due to the not anti-long-distance transport of calla lily cut-flower, to retailer, causes larger loss.Therefore, at the area of consumption periphery, adopt the facility soilless substyate culture, can effectively overcome the unfavorable factors such as soil disease and weather is unstable, improve fresh cutting flower quality and productivity effect.
Flowers facility cultivation production process, by the regulation and control environmental factors, make plant in best growth conditions, make the resources such as light, heat, soil obtain utilizing the most fully, to realize the stable market supply of anniversary production and product, thereby space availability ratio, labour productivity, flowers quality product and economic benefit have greatly been improved.Soilless cultivation technique of the flowers is compared with traditional soil cultivation method, can be according to different flowers nutrient demand breeding time characteristic, and the Scientific Regulation formula, grow thereby be conducive to flower growth.The nutritive medium of preparation can fully absorb for plant, and being convenient to need to provide optimal water and fertilizer condition according to the flowers different growing, as long as regularly given the plant Additional nutrient solution, easy and simple to handle, time and labour saving, not only clean but also health, reduced the generation of disease and pest.
The production technology of selecting facility condition to carry out substrate culture about cutting flower of colorful common callality there is not yet report.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of cultivation matrix and cultivating method thereof of cutting flower of colorful common callality, has overcome tradition and has the space availability ratio of soil cultivation low, taken a lot of work during overheads, the cut-flower quality product is uneven, serious present situation occurs disease and pest.The present invention not only provides technical support for the facility substrate culture of cutting flower of colorful common callality, has also improved the cutting flower of colorful common callality quality product, can accomplish scale production, and increases economic efficiency.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of cultivation matrix of cutting flower of colorful common callality, be mixed by the peat composed of rotten mosses 40～80wt%, coconut palm chaff 0～20wt%, perlite 20～40wt%.
The staple length of the described peat composed of rotten mosses is greater than 40mm.
The EC value of described cultivation matrix is 0.3～0.7mS/cm, and the pH value is 5.5～6.5.
A kind of cultivating method of cutting flower of colorful common callality, comprise the steps:
1) before the plantation, prepare
A, cultivation matrix require: adopt above-mentioned cultivation matrix, and disinfection before using, the cultivation matrix degree of depth is 20～30cm, and before plantation, waters permeable.
B, irrigation water require: the EC value is 0.1～0.5mS/cm.
C, cultivation bed require: the degree of depth 25～30cm, and drainage channel is arranged at bottom;
D, plant the antibacterial processing of ball: make mixed bactericide after 500～1000 times of 500～1000 times of m-tetrachlorophthalodinitriles, Streptomycin sulphate are fully dissolved respectively, calla lily kind ball is soaked to 10～30min fully with this mixed bactericide, take out to dry after 24 hours and plant.
2) plantation
A, planting density: plant spherical diameter 4.5～5.0cm, planting density 20～25 strains/m
2.
B, planting depth: plant ball thickness 1～3 times.If the plantation in summer, planting depth is than 2 times of dark 0.5～1cm of kind ball thickness; If winter planting, planting depth is than 2 times of shallow 0.5～1cm of kind ball thickness.
3) management after the plantation
A, humiture and illumination: 12～32 ℃ of temperature, annual humidity keeps 70～85%, when the direct projection intensity of illumination surpasses 25000Lux, shades.Wherein, summer, canopy temperature was no more than 32 ℃; Winter, canopy temperature was not less than 12 ℃.
B, fertilising: imposing release period after rudiment is the 3-4 release and release control fertilizer of individual month; Use nitrogen vegetative growth phase: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 10-30: 10-40: 10-30, the solubility liquid fertilizer of w/w; Florescence is used nitrogen: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 10-30: 5-20: 10-30, the solubility liquid fertilizer of w/w; Wherein, solubility liquid fertilizer EC value is that 1.0～1.5mS/cm, pH value are 5.5～6.5.
4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
A, disease: bacterial soft rot: note environment conditioning, keep greenhouse ventilation, reduce the frequency of watering, keep the upper soll layer drying; Irrigation water must clean.Regularly spray anti-bacterial drug, as agricultural streptomycin etc., in case of necessity diseased region carried out to root irrigation or pull out diseased plant and destroy.
Virus infection: eliminate transmitting carrier as aphid etc., pull out in time and be with viral plant.
B, insect pest: red spider: after plant is injured, leaf chlorosis, yellow, cause whole strain death when serious.Avoid that room ventilated is bad, dry, high temperature.After occurring, insect pest sprays the sterilants such as 40% omethoate emulsion.
Aphid and thrips: in the whole process of growth of plant, all can damage.Use yellow mythimna separata paper and the control of Imidacloprid chemical insecticide.
5, cut-flower is gathered
After spathe annesl complete moulding, can gather.Should be in the morning while picking flowers or carry out when temperature is low at dusk, adopt the method for choosing to carry out, the longer kind for spray, also can adopt the cut-flower mode.The pick flowers agricultural streptomycin pouring plant of latter available 1000 times.To note the sterilization of cut-flower instrument during cut-flower, to avoid the infection of virus between different plants.Should put into preservation agent as early as possible or clear water soaks for the spray under adopting, then divide grade packaged listing.
Described cultivation matrix is used front 110-150 ℃ of lower fumigation.
After calla lily kind ball plantation of the present invention, avoid ponding, vegetative growth phase and flowering period: keep cultivation matrix moistening; After cut-flower is plucked: keep cultivation matrix suitably dry.
The present invention will consider the factors such as the popularity degree, cultivation purposes, flower yield of biological characteristics, adaptability, particularly resistance, pattern and the flower type of kind when selecting Cultivar.And each kind divides section plantation, and carry out Labelling Regions.
The present invention at kind of spherical diameter hour, can suitably increase planting density, and the tall and big weak kind of kind, resistance in great numbers of blade should be rare, otherwise should be close.The described depth of planting refers to the distance of kind of ball bottom to stromal surface.
The calla lily of cultivation matrix of the present invention and cultivating method plantation thereof, from its scene of blooming: the flower of same kind calla lily is painted, the flower type is consistent, before and after florescence, the difference number of days is less than 10 days, is convenient to concentrate the listing of gathering, and greatly saves labor cost; The height of 90% spray is more than 60cm, and every globe daisy branch number is the 5-7 branch, has effectively improved quality and the commodity rate of calla lily cut-flower.Simultaneously, bacterial soft rot and insect pest occur less, and the bad shot number is less than 5%, have improved the repeating utilization factor of planting ball.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Use cultivation matrix of the present invention plantation calla lily, improved stability and the reguarity of cutting flower of colorful common callality quality, plant is high, and the spray number is many, and disease and pest rarely; In addition, the present invention disinfects at the mixed cultivation substrate formula, before planting the ball plantation, detailed explanation has all been done in the aspects such as fertilizer management after planting depth and density, plantation, has realized the standardization production of substrate culture under the cutting flower of colorful common callality facility condition.Simultaneously; the present invention has overcome the defect that traditional calla lily has soil, outdoor cropping mode to exist; improved space availability ratio; easy and simple to handle; time and labour saving, not only clean but also health, reduced the generation of disease and pest; and greatly improved quality and the commodity rate of calla lily cut-flower, realized large-scale production.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail, but content of the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
Select Buddhist gold (Florex Gold), the Pacific Ocean (Pacific Pink), pink colour to recall (PinkPersuation), α ursa minoris (Majestic Red) and wealth (Treasure) kind, selected release and release control fertilizer is that U.S. Scotts company produces.
1, before the plantation, prepare
(1) matrix requires: mixed-matrix is configured to: the 60wt% peat composed of rotten mosses, 10wt% coconut palm chaff, 30wt% perlite.Matrix EC value is 0.3mS/cm, pH value=6.0, and the matrix degree of depth is 25cm.Before using, mixed-matrix is carried out to 121 ℃ of high temperature fumigations and process, matrix mixes, and before plantation, waters permeable.
(2) irrigation water requires: booth reclaims rainwater, and the EC value is 0.1mS/cm.
(3) cultivation bed: width is 1.5m, degree of depth 26cm, and drainage channel is arranged at bottom.
(4) plant the antibacterial processing of ball: mixed bactericide: 1000 times of 1000 times+Streptomycin sulphates of m-tetrachlorophthalodinitrile, after fully dissolving, by Florex Gold, Pacific Pink, Pink Persuation, the whole submergences of kind ball of Majestic Red and Treasure, often stir disinfecting liquid during immersion, soak 15 minutes, take out and dry plantation after 24 hours.
2, plant the ball plantation
(1) planting density: choose the blossoming bulb that diameter is 4.5～5.0cm, planting density is 20 strains/m
2.Each kind is divided section plantation, 1 meter, every section interval.
(2) planting depth: be 2 times of kind of ball thickness.
3, management after the plantation
(1) humiture and illumination: be no more than 32 ℃ summer, be not less than 12 ℃ winter, humidity keeps 70-85%, adds forced ventilation.When directly illumination surpasses 25000Lux, suitably shade.
(2) water: avoid ponding, vegetative growth phase and flowering period keep cultivation matrix moistening, after cut-flower is plucked: keep cultivation matrix suitably dry.
(3) fertilising: imposing release period after rudiment has the release and release control fertilizer of 3～4 months, use nitrogen vegetative growth phase: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 20: 20: 20, (W/W) solubility liquid fertilizer, the florescence is used nitrogen: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 20: 10: 20, solubility liquid fertilizer (W/W).Liquid fertilizer EC value is 1.2mS/cm, pH value=6.5.
4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
(1) disease
Bacterial soft rot: the regulation and control greenhouse-environment, keep greenhouse ventilation, reduce the frequency of watering, keep the upper soll layer drying; Select clean irrigation water.Regularly spray anti-bacterial drug, as agricultural streptomycin etc., when disease is serious, diseased region is carried out root irrigation or pulled out diseased plant and destroy.
Virus infection: eliminate transmitting carrier as aphid etc., pull out in time and be with viral plant.
(2) insect pest
Red spider: avoid that room ventilated is bad, dry, high temperature.After insect pest occurs, spray in time the sterilants such as 40% omethoate emulsion.
Aphid and thrips: use yellow mythimna separata paper and Imidacloprid chemical insecticide to be prevented and treated.
5, cut-flower is gathered
After spathe annesl complete moulding, can gather.Pick flowers when temperature is low in the morning, adopt the method for choosing to carry out.The agricultural streptomycin that the rear use of picking flowers is 1000 times is watered plant.During cut-flower, the cut-flower instrument is carried out disinfection, to avoid the infection of virus between different plants.Put into preservation agent as early as possible or clear water soaks for the spray under adopting, then divide grade packaged listing.
After the present invention plants calla lily 60-90 days, reach the full-bloom stage of calla lily, from the scene of blooming of the calla lily of different kinds: same kind flower is painted, the flower type is consistent, and before and after the florescence, the difference number of days is less than 10 days, be convenient to concentrate the listing of gathering, save labor cost; The height of 90% spray is more than 60cm, and every globe daisy branch number is the 5-7 branch, has effectively improved quality and the commodity rate of calla lily cut-flower.Simultaneously, bacterial soft rot and insect pest occur less, and the bad shot number, lower than 5%, has improved the repeating utilization factor of planting ball.
Finally should be noted that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although with reference to preferred embodiment, the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify or be equal to replacement the technical scheme of invention, and not breaking away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the cultivation matrix of a cutting flower of colorful common callality, be mixed by the peat composed of rotten mosses 40～80wt%, coconut palm chaff 0～20wt%, perlite 20～40wt%, and wherein, the staple length of the described peat composed of rotten mosses is greater than 40mm.
2. cultivation matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the EC value of described cultivation matrix is 0.3～0.7mS/cm, and the pH value is 5.5～6.5.
3. the cultivating method of a cutting flower of colorful common callality, comprise the steps:
1) before the plantation, prepare
A, cultivation matrix require: adopt as the described cultivation matrix of claim 1-2 any one, and disinfection before using, the cultivation matrix degree of depth is 20～30cm, and before plantation, waters permeable;
B, irrigation water require: the EC value is 0.1～0.5mS/cm;
C, cultivation bed require: the degree of depth 25～30cm, and drainage channel is arranged at bottom;
D, plant the antibacterial processing of ball: make mixed bactericide after 500～1000 times of 500～1000 times of m-tetrachlorophthalodinitriles, Streptomycin sulphate are fully dissolved respectively, calla lily kind ball is soaked to 10～30min fully with this mixed bactericide, take out to dry after 24 hours and plant;
2) plantation
A, planting density: plant spherical diameter 4.5～5.0cm, planting density 20～25 strains/m
2;
B, planting depth: plant ball thickness 1～3 times;
3) management after the plantation
A, humiture and illumination: 12～32 ℃ of temperature, annual humidity keeps 70～85%, when the direct projection intensity of illumination surpasses 25000Lux, shades;
B, fertilising: imposing release period after rudiment is the 3-4 release and release control fertilizer of individual month; Use nitrogen vegetative growth phase: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 10-30:10-40:10-30, the solubility liquid fertilizer of w/w; Florescence is used nitrogen: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 10-30:5-20:10-30, the solubility liquid fertilizer of w/w; Wherein, solubility liquid fertilizer EC value is that 1.0～1.5mS/cm, pH value are 5.5～6.5;
4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
5) cut-flower is gathered: the cutting flower of colorful common callality of can gathering after spathe annesl complete moulding.
4. cultivating method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described cultivation matrix is used front 110-150 ℃ of lower fumigation.
5. cultivating method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the planting depth in summer is than 2 times of dark 0.5～1cm of kind ball thickness; The planting depth in winter is than 2 times of shallow 0.5～1cm of kind ball thickness.
6. cultivating method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, after plantation, summer, canopy temperature was no more than 32 ℃; Winter, canopy temperature was not less than 12 ℃.
7. cultivating method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, after plantation, avoids ponding, vegetative growth phase and flowering period: keep cultivation matrix moistening; After cut-flower is plucked: keep cultivation matrix suitably dry.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103109654A (en) * | 2012-08-08 | 2013-05-22 | 苏州科缔康农业生物科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of cut flower |
| CN104054562B (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2016-03-30 | 欧中（福建）植物技术有限公司 | A kind of calla lily cultivation matrix |
| CN104402564A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-03-11 | 大顺国际花卉股份有限公司 | Colored zantedeschia fertilizer and cultivation method using same |
| CN106508398A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-03-22 | 东海县花卉研究推广站 | Method for overwintering cultivation of color dichondra in sunlight greenhouse |
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