CN106577216A - Method for promoting lateral bud germination of crassulaceae succulent plants - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for promoting lateral bud germination of crassulaceae succulent plants. The method comprises the following steps that (1) two years or above crassulaceae succulent plant potted seedlings which are robust in growth and free of diseases and pests are selected, granular organic fertilizers are applied to the surfaces of substrates at February, the application amount of the granular organic fertilizers is 0.2-0.35 kg/m<2> according to the bottom areas of flowerpots, and the potted seedlings are watered thoroughly after fertilization; and (2) after 4 weeks, 60%-70% of leaves at the stems of the plants are removed from bottom to top, 6-BA solutions with the concentration being 800-1200 mg/L are sprayed to the bare stems with a sprayer, the solutions are sprayed once a week and totally sprayed for 4-6 times, the spraying amount of each stem each time is 4-6 mL, and thus the purpose of promoting germination of lateral buds on the stems of the crassulaceae succulent plants is achieved. According to the method for promoting lateral bud germination of the crassulaceae succulent plants, the germination number of the lateral buds on the stems of the plants can be increased to several times of that of blank groups through fertilization, leaf removing, 6-BA solution spraying and other measures.

Description

A method for promoting the germination of side buds of sedum succulents

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and relates to a plant lateral bud germination technology, in particular to a method for lateral bud germination of sedum succulent plants.

Background technique

Succulents are also known as succulents and succulent plants, and are sometimes called succulents in gardening. They mainly refer to a certain part of the plant's vegetative organs, such as stems, leaves or roots (a few species have two parts), which have developed parenchyma and more. A type of plant that stores water and nutrients and appears plump and succulent in appearance (Brown R D., "Estimating radiation received by Adperson under different species of shade trees", "Journal of Aboriculture", 1990, 16(6): 158-161 Tang Wenxiu, etc., "Experimental Research on the Introduction and Cultivation of Succulents in Guilin Botanical Garden", "Northern Horticulture", 2009 (1): 189-192). Commonly cultivated succulents include Crassulaceae, Cactaceae, Apricotaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Liliaceae, Astragalus, Agaveaceae, Apocynaceae, Portulacaceae, etc. There are many kinds of sedum succulents, which are very popular (Dui Baofeng, "Sedum succulents are "hot"", "Chinese Flower Gardening", 2008, 8: 10-11). The research on succulents is currently mainly focused on tissue culture (Gao Yue et al., "Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Mao Yulu", "Biology Bulletin", 2010, 45(6): 54-55), evaluation and application (Wang Chengcong et al., "Selection of species of succulents cultivated in the open field in Xiamen and their garden application research", "Subtropical Plant Science", 2009, 38(4): 69-73), environmental benefits (Wu Yunfan et al., "Succulents in business office environment Research on reducing radiation and humidifying effect", "Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology", 2014, 4:6-8), etc. There are more than 1,500 species of 34 genera of Crassulaceae plants in the world (Editorial Committee of Flora of China, Vol. 34 (1) of Flora of China, 1984: 72), and they are generally propagated by cuttings, seeds, and tissue culture. Crassulaceae plants are CAM metabolic pathway plants, with stomata open at night to absorb CO ₂ , suitable for indoor planting; Crassulaceae succulents have the characteristics of various types, easy propagation, simple cultivation and management, shallow root system, etc., and are relatively drought-tolerant, It is cold-resistant, not only suitable for family farming, but also suitable for roof greening and vertical greening, and has broad application prospects (Bai Bin, "Sedum succulents have broad prospects", "China Flower News", July 25, 2013, page 005).

In the production of succulents, the method of "beheading" is often used to reproduce. On the one hand, the cut terminal buds can be used for cutting propagation, which can get finished seedlings faster than leaf cuttings; on the other hand, "beheading" removes the The apical dominance of the mother plant is conducive to the germination of the lateral buds of the mother plant and used for reproduction. However, "beheading" destroyed the original ornamental value of the mother plant, and the germination coefficient of lateral buds after beheading was still limited.

Contents of the invention

In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the inventor has studied the characteristics of sedum succulents' vegetative growth and lateral bud germination, and creatively provided a kind of sedum succulents suitable for both sedum and succulents through techniques such as fertilization, leaf picking, and hormone spraying. A method for promoting the germination of lateral buds and improving the ornamental value of the mother plant.

In order to realize the purpose of the present invention, the inventor finally obtained the following technical scheme through a large number of experimental studies:

A method for promoting the germination of sedum succulents, comprising the steps of:

1) Select potted seedlings of sedum succulents that have grown robustly and are free from diseases and insect pests for more than two years, and apply granular organic fertilizer on the surface of the substrate in February. According to the area of the pot bottom, the application rate of granular organic fertilizer is 0.2-0.35kg/ m ² , water thoroughly after fertilization.

2) After 4 weeks, remove 60% to 70% of the leaves of the stem of the plant from bottom to top, and spray 6-BA solution with a concentration of 800 to 1200mg/L on the bare stem with a sprayer, once a week, Spray 4-6 times in total, and the amount of spraying per stem is 4-6mL each time, which can effectively promote the germination of side buds on the stems of sedum succulents.

Preferably, the above-mentioned method for lateral bud germination of succulent plants of Crassulaceae, wherein said succulent plants include Hongzhiyu, Joystarlock, Ji Luyue, Baili, Qingxingmeiren and Yanrihui.

Preferably, the method for lateral bud germination of Crassulaceae succulents as described above, wherein the substrate used in step 1) is a loose, air-permeable, well-drained mixed substrate such as yellow sand and imported peat soil.

Preferably, as mentioned above, the method for the lateral bud germination of succulent plants of the Crassulaceae family, wherein the preparation method of the granular organic fertilizer used in step 1) is: mixing livestock and poultry manure and edible fungus waste at a ratio of 3-4:1 and then stacking them in strips , Mix the RW enzyme agent produced by Henan Renyuan Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd. and the edible fungus waste according to the ratio of 1:5-6, and then sprinkle it on the surface of the pile, and stir the pile evenly with a mixer; ferment when the temperature reaches 60°C or above After 15 days, through sub-sieving and granulation, the moisture in the granules is dried to less than 20% of the water content to obtain granulated organic fertilizer.

Preferably, the above-mentioned method for the lateral bud germination of succulent plants of Crassulaceae, wherein in step 2), the method of removing the leaves is: pinch the leaves, shake gently left and right around the growth point of the leaves, and remove the leaves completely, while not damage to the stem.

Preferably, the method for the lateral bud germination of Crassulaceae succulents as described above, wherein in step 2), the preparation method of the 6-BA solution is: first slowly add 3mol/L NaOH solution dropwise to the drug powder until completely dissolved, and then Dilute with distilled water to a solution of 800-1200mg/L.

Preferably, the method for the lateral bud germination of Crassulaceae succulents as described above, wherein in step 2), the spraying method of the 6-BA solution is: at a distance of about 4 to 6 cm from the bare stem, spray from top to bottom to make the bare stem All sides of the stem received the 6-BA solution evenly.

It should be noted that, in the method for the side bud germination of Crassulaceae succulents according to the present invention, the stem in step 2) refers to the main stem of Crassulaceae biennial and above succulents, which is relatively rigid; the side buds for statistics refer to bare stems Lateral buds that germinate on the nodes, turn green in color, and have a diameter of more than 0.1 cm.

Preferably, the method for lateral bud germination of Crassulaceae succulents as described above, wherein the cultivation and management conditions of potted seedlings in steps 1) and 2) are: the cultivation site is a film greenhouse in Wuhan; Water once a week, once a month during the dormant period, and once every half a month in other periods; use 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times liquid, and spray once in 14 to 30 days for root irrigation or foliage ; Sunny weather from June to September, 11:00 to 15:00, use sunshade nets for shade and wet curtains to cool down; open the facilities for ventilation for 8 to 12 hours every day.

The method for promoting the lateral bud germination of sedum succulents involved in the present invention has the following advantages and significant progress:

1) The method for promoting the germination of Crassulaceae succulents lateral buds of the present invention can effectively promote the germination of Crassulaceae succulents lateral buds, by fertilizing, picking leaves, and spraying 6-BA solution, the germination of lateral buds on the stems of test group plants can be made The number increased to several times that of the blank group.

2) the method for promoting the lateral bud germination of Crassulaceae succulents of the present invention, fertilization in February, ensured that the mother plant vegetative growth and the nutritional requirements of a large amount of lateral bud germination when the potted seedlings entered the vigorous growth period in March, made the mother plant grow robustly, The growth and differentiation of lateral buds were normal.

3) The method for promoting the lateral bud germination of sedum succulents of the present invention only needs to scatter the granular organic fertilizer on the surface of the pot soil when fertilizing, without digging holes to bury the fertilizer, and without mixing the fertilizer with the substrate or spreading the fertilizer On the pelvic floor, easy to operate.

4) The method for promoting the germination of sedum succulents of the present invention, if the germinated side buds on the mother plant are cut off for cuttings, a large amount of cuttings can be obtained in a relatively short period of time, greatly improving the reproduction of sedum succulents coefficient.

5) the method for promoting the side bud germination of Crassulaceae succulents of the present invention, cuttage is not cut off as the side bud germinated on the mother plant, then when the side bud is less, the stem of the mother plant is almost covered with small buds; after the side bud grows up, The mother plant grows densely and increases in size, forming a unique landscape and greatly improving the ornamental value of the mother plant.

6) According to the method for promoting the lateral bud germination of sedum succulents of the present invention, the removed leaves can be used for leaf cutting propagation, so as to realize the maximum utilization of resources.

7) The method for promoting the lateral bud germination of sedum succulents of the present invention only needs 1 time of fertilization, 1 time of picking leaves, and 4 to 6 times of spraying, without requiring other special facilities, venues and other conditions, and is easy to operate and low in cost. Facilitate the realization of large-scale production.

detailed description

The following are specific examples related to the present invention, and further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples. All changes or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the concept of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

The influence of embodiment 1 fertilization mode on side bud germination number, mother plant growth

In February 2015, six sedum succulents, including Hongzhiyu, Joystarlock, Jilongyue, Baili, Qingxingmeiren, and Yanrihui, were selected, which were more than two years old and had consistent growth, robust growth, and no pests and diseases. Potted seedlings were tested.

The test site of this embodiment is the film greenhouse of Wuhu base of Forestry and Fruit Institute of Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Wuhu base is located at 30°48' north latitude and 114°91' east longitude, with an average annual precipitation of 1000-1200mm and an average annual sunshine hours. From 1540 to 2180h, the average annual temperature is 15.6°C, and the annual frost-free period is 255 days. It belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate. The test greenhouse seedbed is oriented north-south, with a height of 1m from the ground. The greenhouse adopts 50% sunshade nets for shading, ventilation fans for ventilation, and wet curtains for cooling. There are no heating and supplementary light facilities, the same below.

The succulents of 6 kinds, establish test group 1, test group 2 and blank group respectively, every group of 30 pots, flowerpot is the plastic square cup of side length 8cm, cup height 12cm, substrate is yellow sand and peat soil by 1: 1 mixed substrate (mass is about 0.2kg), test group 1 is applied granular organic fertilizer (500kg cow manure, 300kg chicken manure, 200kg edible fungus wastes are piled up in strips, width 2m, height 1m, length is not limited; RW enzyme 100g of edible mushroom waste (produced by Henan Renyuan Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd.) and edible fungus waste in a ratio of 1:5 to expand the volume, mix well and sprinkle on the surface of the pile, and stir the pile evenly with a mixer; ferment for 15 minutes after the temperature reaches 60°C day, then through sub-sieving and granulation, the moisture in the granules is dried to below 20%, and then packaged to obtain granular organic fertilizer. The above cow manure and chicken manure can be replaced by other livestock and poultry manure) 2.0g, and the fertilization method is Sprinkle directly on substrate surface. In the test group 2, 0.2g of Huaduoduo No. 1 was applied, and the method of fertilization was to dig 2 holes evenly at a distance from the root, apply fertilizer in them, and cover them with soil; the blank group did not fertilize. The 3 groups were watered thoroughly by root soaking method. After 4 weeks, remove 60% to 70% of the leaves of the stems of the plants in the blank group and the test group from bottom to top, and spray 6-BA solution on the bare stems with a sprayer at a concentration of 1000mg/L, once a week , Spraying 5 times in total, and the spraying amount of each stem is about 5mL each time. At the end of 2 months and 6 months from the first spraying, the growth situation of 6 kinds of potted seedling mother plants and the number of lateral buds (color turning to green and more than 0.1cm in diameter) germinated on each exposed stem were counted respectively, The statistical results are averaged, the same below.

Test results: 2 months after the first hormone spraying, the number of lateral buds in test group 1 and the blank group was equal, but the new buds germinated in test group 1 were slightly larger; the lateral buds in test group 2 germinated fastest, and the plants grew rapidly. After 6 months, the germination number of side buds of test group 1 reached 1.3 (Rainbow Jade)-1.7 (Ji Yuyue) times of blank group, and the growth of plants and buds were all good; the number of bud germinations of side 2 of test group reached 1.1 ( Rainbow Jade) -1.8 (Ji Luyue) times, but the leaves and buds are small, the internodes are long, the number of leaves is relatively small, some stems are lodging, and the ornamental value is poor. See Table 1-6.

Table 1 Effects of fertilization on the number of side buds germinated and the growth of mother plants in Hongzhiyu

Table 2 Effects of fertilization on the number of lateral buds germinated and the growth of mother plants in Joyce Starlock

Table 3 The effect of fertilization on the number of lateral buds germinated and the growth of mother plant in Jiluyue

Table 4 Effects of fertilization on the number of side buds sprouted and the growth of the mother plant of Baili

Table 5 Effects of fertilization on the number of side buds germinated and the growth of the mother plant of Qingxingmeiren

Table 6 Effects of fertilization on the number of lateral buds germinated and the growth of mother plants in Yanrihui

Example 2 Effects of fertilization, leaf picking, and spraying 6-BA synergistic effect on the number of side buds sprouting and the growth of the mother plant

In February 2015, six varieties of succulents, including Hongzhiyu, Joystarlock, Jiluyue, Baili, Qingxingmeiren, and Yanrihui, were selected, which had consistent growth, robust growth, and no pests and diseases. Set up test group 1, test group 2, test group 3, test group 4 and blank group respectively, with 30 pots in each group, the flower pots are plastic square cups with a side length of 8 cm, the height of the cup is 12 cm, and the substrate is yellow sand and peat soil by 1 : 1 mixed substrate (the quality of basin soil is about 0.2kg), test group 1 fertilizes according to the method for test group 1 in embodiment 1, and removes the blade of plant stem 60%～70% from bottom to top after 4 weeks Test group 2 fertilizes and does not pluck leaves; Test group 3 does not fertilize but plucks leaves; Test group 4 fertilizes and does not pluck leaves but beheads (the method of beheading is: the position between the top of the stem and the bottom 3-4 layer of leaves cut off, the cut head can be used for cutting propagation); the blank group does not fertilize and does not pick leaves. After picking leaves (not picking leaves), spray 6-BA solution to the exposed stems of test group 1, test group 2, test group 3 and blank group with a sprayer, and the concentration is 1000mg/L, spraying once a week, Spray 5 times in total, and the spraying amount of each stem is about 5mL each time; the test group 4 and the blank group are sprayed with distilled water. At 2 months and 6 months from the end of the first spraying, the growth of the mother plants of 6 kinds of potted seedlings and the number of side buds germinated on each exposed stem (the color turned green and the diameter was more than 0.1 cm) were counted.

Test results: The number of lateral buds sprouted in test group 1 and test group 3 was higher than that of the blank group at 2 months and 6 months. The experimental group 1 was significantly higher than the experimental group 3, and the growth status of the plants, leaves, and buds of the experimental group 1 was better than that of the experimental group 3; the number of lateral buds in the experimental group 2 was also higher than that of the blank group, but the difference was far smaller than that of the experimental group 1. , 3 and the gap between the blank group, and the plant growth is strong; the number of side buds germinated in the test group 4 at 2 months and 6 months is higher than that of the blank group and the test group 2, lower than that of the test group 1 and the test group 3, and the buds are large And strong.

All the test groups had more side buds germinated on the stem than the blank group, and test group 1 was the best in terms of the number of side buds germinated and the growth; The lateral buds germinated in test group 1 of six kinds of succulent plants of Crassulaceae, including Yue, Baili, Qingxingmeiren, and Yanrihui, were 8.3, 8.0, 3.3, 6.9, 14.0, and 2.0 times that of the blank group; After further germination and growth, the number of lateral buds germinated in test group 1 of the six sedum succulent plants was 9.3, 6.7, 3.5, 3.9, 5.1, and 7.3 times that of the blank group, respectively, as shown in Table 7-12.

Table 7 The synergistic effect of fertilization and leaf picking on the number of side buds germinated and the growth of mother plants in Hongzhiyu

Table 8 Effects of synergistic effect of fertilization and leaf picking on the number of lateral buds germinated and the growth of mother plants in Joyce Starlock

Table 9 Effects of synergistic effect of fertilization and leaf picking on the number of lateral buds germinated and the growth of the mother plant of Ji Luyue

Table 10 The synergistic effect of fertilization and leaf picking on the number of side buds germinated and the growth of the mother plant of Baili

Table 11 The synergistic effect of fertilization and leaf picking on the number of side buds germinated and the growth of the mother plant of Qingxingmeiren

Table 12 The synergistic effect of fertilization and leaf picking on the number of lateral buds sprouted and the growth of mother plants in Yanrihui

Example 3 Effect of 6-BA concentration on lateral bud germination and mother plant growth

In February 2014, 6 varieties of Crassulaceae were selected, including Hongzhiyu, Joystarok, Jiluyue, Baili, Qingxingmeiren and Yanrihui, which were more than two years old and had consistent growth, strong growth and no pests and diseases. For succulent potted seedlings, test groups 1-7 and blank groups were set up, with 30 pots in each group, and the leaves were fertilized and picked according to the method of test group 1 in Example 1.

Spray the 6-BA solution to the exposed stems of the test group with a sprayer, the concentrations of the test groups 1-7 are 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 mg/L respectively, and the blank group is sprayed with distilled water, spraying 1 dose per week. time, spraying 5 times in total, and the spraying amount of each stem is about 5mL each time. At 2 months and 6 months from the end of the first spraying, the growth of the mother plants of the 6 potted seedlings and the number of lateral buds germinated on each exposed stem were counted.

Test results: the blank group of 6 test varieties, test group 1-5 (6-BA concentration is 10-1000mg/L) in 2 months and 6 months, the plants all grew robustly, and the lateral buds developed normally. With the increase of -BA concentration, the number of newly germinated lateral buds also increased; when the concentration increased to 2000mg/L and 3000mg/L, phytotoxicity of different degrees appeared in all 6 varieties, and the symptoms of phytotoxicity were obvious in 2 months, and 6 varieties When the plants are on the verge of death or die, see Table 13-18.

Table 13 Effects of 6-BA concentration on the number and growth of Hongzhiyu's lateral buds

Table 14 Effects of 6-BA concentration on the number and growth of Joyce Starlock's lateral buds

Table 15 Effects of 6-BA concentration on the number and growth of lateral buds of Ji Luyue

Table 16 Effect of 6-BA concentration on the number and growth of Baili

Table 17 Effects of 6-BA concentration on the number and growth of Qingxingmeiren's lateral buds

Table 18 Effects of 6-BA concentration on the number and growth of Yanrihui lateral buds

Embodiment 4 The influence of 6-BA spray times on the number of lateral bud germination

In February 2015, 6 varieties of Crassulaceae were selected, including Hongzhiyu, Joystarok, Jiluyue, Baili, Qingxingmeiren and Yanrihui, which were more than two years old and had consistent growth, strong growth and no pests and diseases. Each 120 pots of succulents potted seedlings, set up test group 1-3 and blank group respectively, each group of 30 pots, all fertilize and pick leaves according to the method of test group 1 in Example 1.

Spray 1000mg/L 6-BA solution to the bare stems of the test group with a sprayer, spray once a week, test groups 1-3 spray 3 times, 5 times, 8 times respectively, each time the spray of each stem The dosage is about 5mL, and the blank group is not sprayed. The number of lateral buds germinated on the exposed stems of the six potted seedlings were counted 2 months and 6 months after the end of the first spraying.

Test results: the number of side buds germinated in the test group and the blank group at 6 months was higher than that in 2 months; the number of side buds in test group 2 was higher than that in test group 1, and in test group 3 was higher than in test group 2 (except Qingxingmeiren) , but the experimental group 3 increased slightly compared with the experimental group 2. From the perspective of remarkable effect, low cost and simple operation, 5 times of spraying is the best number of treatments, see Table 19.

Table 19 Effects of spraying times of 6-BA on the number of lateral buds of Crassulaceae succulents

Claims (8)

1. a kind of method for promoting Crassulaceae succulent sprouting of lateral bud, comprises the steps：

1) the Crassulaceae succulent Potted orchard of more than 2 years, robust growth and no disease and pests harm is selected, was applied in stromal surface in 2 months Plus granular organic fertilizer, according to flowerpot floor space meter, the amount of application of granular organic fertilizer is 0.2～0.35kg/m², irrigate after fertilising Water.

2) after 4 weeks, the bottom-up blade for extracing base of the plant 60%～70%, and sprayed to exposed stem with aerosol apparatus dense Spend the 6-BA solution for 800～1200mg/L, spray weekly 1 time, spray altogether 4～6 times, every time the amount of spraying of every stem be 4～ 6mL, you can effectively facilitate the sprouting of lateral bud on Crassulaceae succulent stem.

2. the method for promoting Crassulaceae succulent sprouting of lateral bud according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described fleshiness Plant is the jade of rainbow, Joyce Ta Luoke, Ji's moon bright moon, Bai Li, blue or green star beauty or gorgeous dayglow.

3. the method for promoting Crassulaceae succulent sprouting of lateral bud according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1) in institute Substrate is the mixed-matrix of yellow sand and peat soil.

4. the method for promoting Crassulaceae succulent sprouting of lateral bud according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1) in institute The preparation method of granular organic fertilizer is：By feces of livestock and poultry and waste material of edible mushroom according to 3-4:Bar heap is carried out after 1 mixing, by river RW enzyme agents and the waste material of edible mushroom of Nan Renyuan biotech developments company limited production is according to 1:The ratio of 5-6 is sprinkling upon after mixing Bar heap is stirred by bar heap surface, blender；Temperature reaches more than 60 DEG C and ferments again 15 days, then by sub-sieve, pelletize, will Moisture in granule is dried to water content and, below 20%, obtains granular organic fertilizer.

5. the method for promoting Crassulaceae succulent sprouting of lateral bud according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 2) in, The method of blade removal is：Blade is clutched, is shaken around leaf growth point to the left and right, blade is completely removed, while not injuring Stem.

6. the method for promoting Crassulaceae succulent sprouting of lateral bud according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 2) in, The compound method of 6-BA solution is：The NaOH solution of 3mol/L is first slowly added dropwise in medicine powder until being completely dissolved, is used afterwards Solution of the distilled water diluting into 800～1200mg/L.

7. the method for promoting Crassulaceae succulent sprouting of lateral bud according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 2) in, The spraying method of 6-BA solution is：At exposed 4～6cm of stem, from up to down spray, each face of exposed stem is uniformly received 6-BA solution.

8. the method for promoting Crassulaceae succulent sprouting of lateral bud according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1), 2) The management condition of middle Potted orchard is：Milpa is Wuhan City's plastic greenhouse；Watered using leaching root method, growth vigorous season pours weekly Water 1 time, rest period monthly water 1 time, and other period first quarter moons water 1 time；Using 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 800 times of liquid, 14～30 days pouring roots or foliage-spray 1 time；6-9 month fair weathers 11:00～15:00 is sheltered from heat or light with sunshade net, Wet-curtain temperature reducing；Daily Open facility 8～12h of ventilation.