CN102584441A - Cultivation matrix and cultivation method for zantedeschia hybrida cut flower - Google Patents
Cultivation matrix and cultivation method for zantedeschia hybrida cut flower Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation matrix and a cultivation method for zantedeschia hybrida cut flower. The cultivation matrix is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by weight: 40 to 80 percent of turf, 0 to 20 percent of coconut shell and 20 to 40 percent of perlite. The cultivation method comprises the following steps of: preparing before planting, planting, managing after planting, preventing and controlling pest and disease damage, and harvesting the cut flower. The defect of the traditional soil or open field cultivation mode for the zantedeschia hybrida is overcome, the space utilization rate is improved, the matrix and the method are easy and convenient to operate and clean and sanitary, the pest and disease damage is reduced, the quality stability and uniformity of the zantedeschia hybrida cut flower are greatly improved, large-scale production can be implemented, and economic benefits are improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flowers facility cultivation technique without soil, be specifically related to a kind of culture substrate and cultivating method thereof of cutting flower of colorful common callality.
Background technology
Water chestnut Nelumbo (Zantedeschia) plant is the important ornamental plant of Araeceae (Araceae), and calla lily wherein all has critical role in current International Flower market and garden beautify.Calla lily be in the water chestnut Nelumbo except that spending Alocasia ordora (Z.aethiopica) in vain the general name of all the other kinds and interspecific hybrid thereof; The country of origin is the African middle and south; Kinds such as Huang, orange, powder, pink, red and secondary color are arranged; Be good cut-flower, potted flower kind, very popular in nz, Holland, the U.S. and Japan and other countries at present.Calla lily is ascendant trend year by year on international fresh cutting flower market, there are nz, Holland and the U.S. in its main production area, is Zelanian second largest outlet flowers.
It is not long that calla lily gets into the Chinese market time; But, become the important emerging cut-flower kind of China because of its flower type is peculiar, beautiful in colour; Have great market development potentiality; Mainly produce in Yunnan, ground such as Jiangsu, Shanghai, Beijing, but owing to receive the influence of factors such as cultivating soil disease, natural condition and daily administration, there is certain gap in the product quality of calla lily aspect plant height, bennet rugosity, petal shape and the plumpness.High-quality cutting flower of colorful common callality in the market also need rely on from manufacturer's imports such as Holland, but because the not anti-long-distance transport of calla lily cut-flower causes bigger loss to dealer.Therefore,, adopt the facility soilless substyate culture, can effectively overcome unfavorable factors such as soil disease and weather instability, improve fresh cutting flower quality and productivity effect at the area of consumption periphery.
Flowers facility cultivation production process; Be through the regulation and control environmental factors; Make plant be in best growth conditions; Make resources such as light, heat, soil obtain fullest ground and utilize,, thereby improved space availability ratio, labour productivity, flowers quality product and economic benefit greatly with the stable market supply of production of realization anniversary and product.Soilless cultivation technique of the flowers is compared with traditional soil cultivation method, can be according to different flowers nutrient demand breeding time characteristic, and science regulation and control prescription is grown thereby help flower growth.The nutritive medium of preparation can fully absorb for plant, and being convenient to need provide optimal water and fertilizer condition according to the flowers different growing, as long as regularly to plant extra-nutrition liquid; Easy and simple to handle; The time and labour saving had not only been cleaned but also health, had reduced the generation of disease and pest.
Production technology about cutting flower of colorful common callality selects for use facility condition to carry out substrate culture is not appeared in the newspapers as yet.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of culture substrate and cultivating method thereof of cutting flower of colorful common callality, has overcome tradition and has the space availability ratio of soil cultivation low, taken a lot of work during overheads, the cut-flower quality product is uneven, serious present situation takes place disease and pest.The facility substrate culture that the present invention is not merely cutting flower of colorful common callality provides technical support, has also improved the cutting flower of colorful common callality quality product, can accomplish scale production, and increases economic efficiency.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
A kind of culture substrate of cutting flower of colorful common callality is mixed and made into by the peat composed of rotten mosses 40～80wt%, coconut palm chaff 0～20wt%, perlite 20～40wt%.
The staple length of the said peat composed of rotten mosses is greater than 40mm.
The EC value of said culture substrate is 0.3～0.7mS/cm, and the pH value is 5.5～6.5.
A kind of cultivating method of cutting flower of colorful common callality comprises the steps:
1) prepares before the plantation
A, culture substrate require: adopt above-mentioned culture substrate, and disinfection before using, the culture substrate degree of depth is 20～30cm, and waters permeable before the plantation.
B, irrigation water require: the EC value is 0.1～0.5mS/cm.
C, cultivation bed require: the degree of depth 25～30cm, and drainage channel is arranged at the bottom;
D, the antibacterial processing of kind ball: 500～1000 times of m-tetrachlorophthalodinitriles, Streptomycin sulphate are fully processed mixed bactericide after the dissolving respectively for 500～1000 times, soak 10～30min to calla lily kind ball fully with this mixed bactericide, take out and dry plantation after 24 hours.
2) plantation
A, planting density: plant spherical diameter 4.5～5.0cm, planting density 20～25 strains/m
2
B, planting depth: plant ball thickness 1～3 times.If the plantation in summer, then planting depth is than 2 times of dark 0.5～1cm of kind ball thickness; If winter planting, then planting depth is than 2 times of shallow 0.5～1cm of kind ball thickness.
3) plantation back management
A, humiture and illumination: 12～32 ℃ of temperature, annual humidity keeps 70～85%, shades when the direct projection intensity of illumination surpasses 25000Lux.Wherein, summer, canopy temperature was no more than 32 ℃; Winter, canopy temperature was not less than 12 ℃.
B, fertilising: imposing release period after the rudiment is individual month release and release control fertilizer of 3-4; Use nitrogen vegetative growth phase: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 10-30: 10-40: 10-30, the solubility liquid fertilizer of w/w; Florescence is used nitrogen: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 10-30: 5-20: 10-30, the solubility liquid fertilizer of w/w; Wherein, solubility liquid fertilizer EC value is that 1.0～1.5mS/cm, pH value are 5.5～6.5.
4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
A, disease: bacterial soft rot: note environment conditioning, keep greenhouse ventilation, reduce the frequency of watering, keep upper soll layer dry; Irrigation water must clean.Regularly spray anti-bacterial drug,, in case of necessity diseased region is irritated root and handle or pull out diseased plant and destroy like agricultural streptomycin etc.
Virus infection: eliminate transmitting carrier such as aphid etc., in time pull out malicious in spite of illness plant.
B, insect pest: red spider: after plant was injured, leaf chlorosis, yellow caused whole strain dead when serious.Avoid that room ventilated is bad, dry, high temperature.The back takes place and sprays sterilants such as 40% omethoate emulsion in insect pest.
Aphid and thrips: in the whole growth process of plant, all can damage.Use the control of yellow mythimna separata paper and Imidacloprid chemical insecticide.
5, cut-flower is gathered
Treat to gather after spathe annesl and the complete moulding.Should be in the morning when picking flowers or carry out when temperature is low at dusk, adopt the method for choosing to carry out, for the long kind of spray, also can adopt the cut-flower mode.The available 1000 times agricultural streptomycin in back of picking flowers waters plant.To note the sterilization of cut-flower instrument during cut-flower, to avoid the infection of virus between different plants.Should put into preservation agent as early as possible or clear water soaks for the spray under adopting, divide grade packaged listing then.
Said culture substrate uses preceding 110-150 ℃ of following fumigation.
After the calla lily kind ball plantation of the present invention, avoid ponding, vegetative growth phase and flowering period: keep culture substrate moistening; Cut-flower is plucked the back: keep culture substrate suitably dry.
The present invention will consider many factors such as the popularity degree, cultivation purposes, flower yield of biological characteristics, flexibility, particularly resistance, pattern and the flower type of kind when selecting Cultivar.And each kind divides section plantation, and carries out the subregion mark.
The present invention at kind of spherical diameter hour can suitably increase planting density, and the weak kind of tall and big kind, the resistance in great numbers of blade is suitable rare, otherwise suitable close.The said depth of planting is meant the distance of kind of ball bottom to stromal surface.
The calla lily of culture substrate according to the invention and cultivating method plantation thereof; Can know from its scene of blooming: the flower of same kind calla lily is painted, the flower type is consistent; The difference fate is less than 10 days before and after florescence, is convenient to concentrate gather listing, labor savings cost greatly; The height of 90% spray is more than 60cm, and every globe daisy branch number is the 5-7 branch, has effectively improved the quality and the commodity rate of calla lily cut-flower.Simultaneously, bacterial soft rot and insect pest take place less, and the bad shot number is less than 5%, have improved the repeating utilization factor of planting ball.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Use culture substrate plantation calla lily of the present invention, improved the stability and the reguarity of cutting flower of colorful common callality quality, plant is high, and the spray number is many, and little disease and pest; In addition; The present invention disinfects at the mixed cultivation substrate formula, before planting the ball plantation, detailed explanation has all been done in the aspects such as fertilizer management after planting depth and density, the plantation, has realized the standardization production of substrate culture under the cutting flower of colorful common callality facility condition.Simultaneously, the present invention has overcome the defective that traditional calla lily has soil, outdoor cropping mode to exist, and has improved space availability ratio; Easy and simple to handle; The time and labour saving had not only been cleaned but also health, had reduced the generation of disease and pest; And improved the quality and the commodity rate of calla lily cut-flower greatly, realized large-scale production.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail, but content of the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
Select Buddhist gold (Florex Gold), the Pacific Ocean (Pacific Pink), pink colour to recall (PinkPersuation), Bei Jixing (Majestic Red) and wealth (Treasure) kind, the release and release control fertilizer of being selected for use is that U.S. Scotts company produces.
1, prepares before the plantation
(1) matrix requires: mixed-matrix is configured to: the 60wt% peat composed of rotten mosses, 10wt% coconut palm chaff, 30wt% perlite.Matrix EC value is 0.3mS/cm, pH value=6.0, and the matrix degree of depth is 25cm.Before using mixed-matrix is carried out 121 ℃ of high temperature fumigations and handle, matrix mixes, and waters permeable before the plantation.
(2) irrigation water requires: booth reclaims rainwater, and the EC value is 0.1mS/cm.
(3) cultivation bed: width is 1.5m, degree of depth 26cm, and drainage channel is arranged at the bottom.
(4) plant the antibacterial processing of ball: mixed bactericide: 1000 times of 1000 times+Streptomycin sulphates of m-tetrachlorophthalodinitrile, fully after the dissolving, with Florex Gold; Pacific Pink; Pink Persuation, disinfecting liquid is often stirred in the whole submergences of kind ball of Majestic Red and Treasure during immersion; Soaked 15 minutes, and took out and dry plantation after 24 hours.
2, plant the ball plantation
(1) planting density: choose the blossoming bulb that diameter is 4.5～5.0cm, planting density is 20 strains/m
2Each kind is divided the section plantation, 1 meter at interval of every section.
(2) planting depth: be 2 times of kind of ball thickness.
3, plantation back management
(1) humiture and illumination: be no more than 32 ℃ summer, be not less than 12 ℃ winter, humidity keeps 70-85%, adds forced ventilation.Direct sunshine shines when surpassing 25000Lux and suitably shades.
(2) water: avoid ponding, vegetative growth phase and flowering period keep culture substrate moistening, and cut-flower is plucked the back: keep culture substrate suitably dry.
(3) fertilising: imposing release period after the rudiment has 3～4 months release and release control fertilizer, uses nitrogen vegetative growth phase: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 20: 20: 20, solubility liquid fertilizer (W/W), and the florescence is used nitrogen: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 20: 10: 20, solubility liquid fertilizer (W/W).Liquid fertilizer EC value is 1.2mS/cm, pH value=6.5.
4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
(1) disease
Bacterial soft rot: regulation and control booth environment, keep greenhouse ventilation, reduce the frequency of watering, keep upper soll layer dry; Select the irrigation water of cleaning for use.Regularly spray anti-bacterial drug,, when disease is serious, diseased region is irritated root handle or pull out diseased plant and destroy like agricultural streptomycin etc.
Virus infection: eliminate transmitting carrier such as aphid etc., in time pull out malicious in spite of illness plant.
(2) insect pest
Red spider: avoid that room ventilated is bad, dry, high temperature.After insect pest takes place, in time spray sterilants such as 40% omethoate emulsion.
Aphid and thrips: use yellow mythimna separata paper and Imidacloprid chemical insecticide to prevent and treat.
5, cut-flower is gathered
Treat to gather after spathe annesl and the complete moulding.Pick flowers when temperature is low in the morning, adopt the method for choosing to carry out.Agricultural streptomycin with 1000 times after picking flowers waters plant.During cut-flower the cut-flower instrument is carried out disinfection, to avoid the infection of virus between different plants.Put into preservation agent as early as possible or clear water soaks for the spray under adopting, divide grade packaged listing then.
After the present invention plants calla lily 60-90 days; Reach the full-bloom stage of calla lily, can know from the scene of blooming of the calla lily of different kinds: same kind flower is painted, the flower type is consistent, and the difference fate was less than 10 days before and after the florescence; Be convenient to concentrate the listing of gathering, labor savings cost; The height of 90% spray is more than 60cm, and every globe daisy branch number is the 5-7 branch, has effectively improved the quality and the commodity rate of calla lily cut-flower.Simultaneously, bacterial soft rot and insect pest take place less, and the bad shot number is lower than 5%, have improved the repeating utilization factor of planting ball.
Should be noted that at last; Above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described; Although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention is specified, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and can make amendment or be equal to replacement the technical scheme of invention; And not breaking away from the spirit and the scope of technical scheme of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the culture substrate of a cutting flower of colorful common callality is mixed and made into by the peat composed of rotten mosses 40～80wt%, coconut palm chaff 0～20wt%, perlite 20～40wt%.
2. culture substrate according to claim 1 is characterized in that the staple length of the said peat composed of rotten mosses is greater than 40mm.
3. culture substrate according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the EC value of said culture substrate is 0.3～0.7mS/cm, and the pH value is 5.5～6.5.
4. the cultivating method of a cutting flower of colorful common callality comprises the steps:
1) prepares before the plantation
A, culture substrate require: adopt like each described culture substrate of claim 1-3, and disinfection before using, the culture substrate degree of depth is 20～30cm, and waters permeable before the plantation;
B, irrigation water require: the EC value is 0.1～0.5mS/cm;
C, cultivation bed require: the degree of depth 25～30cm, and drainage channel is arranged at the bottom;
D, the antibacterial processing of kind ball: 500～1000 times of m-tetrachlorophthalodinitriles, Streptomycin sulphate are fully processed mixed bactericide after the dissolving respectively for 500～1000 times, soak 10～30min to calla lily kind ball fully with this mixed bactericide, take out and dry plantation after 24 hours;
2) plantation
A, planting density: plant spherical diameter 4.5～5.0cm, planting density 20～25 strains/m2;
B, planting depth: plant ball thickness 1～3 times;
3) plantation back management
A, humiture and illumination: 12～32 ℃ of temperature, annual humidity keeps 70～85%, shades when the direct projection intensity of illumination surpasses 25000Lux;
B, fertilising: imposing release period after the rudiment is individual month release and release control fertilizer of 3-4; Use nitrogen vegetative growth phase: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 10-30: 10-40: 10-30, the solubility liquid fertilizer of w/w; Florescence is used nitrogen: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 10-30: 5-20: 10-30, the solubility liquid fertilizer of w/w; Wherein, solubility liquid fertilizer EC value is that 1.0～1.5mS/cm, pH value are 5.5～6.5;
4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
5) cut-flower is gathered: treat the spathe annesl and the cutting flower of colorful common callality of can gathering after the moulding fully.
5. cultivating method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, said culture substrate uses preceding 110-150 ℃ of following fumigation.
6. cultivating method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the planting depth in summer is than 2 times of dark 0.5～1cm of kind ball thickness; The planting depth in winter is than 2 times of shallow 0.5～1cm of kind ball thickness.
7. cultivating method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, after the plantation, summer, canopy temperature was no more than 32 ℃; Winter, canopy temperature was not less than 12 ℃.
8. cultivating method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, after the plantation, avoids ponding, vegetative growth phase and flowering period: keep culture substrate moistening; Cut-flower is plucked the back: keep culture substrate suitably dry.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103109654A (en) * | 2012-08-08 | 2013-05-22 | 苏州科缔康农业生物科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of cut flower |
| CN104054562A (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2014-09-24 | 欧中（福建）植物技术有限公司 | Colored calla lily culture substrate |
| CN104402564A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-03-11 | 大顺国际花卉股份有限公司 | Colored zantedeschia fertilizer and cultivation method using same |
| CN106508398A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-03-22 | 东海县花卉研究推广站 | Method for overwintering cultivation of color dichondra in sunlight greenhouse |
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| CN104402564A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-03-11 | 大顺国际花卉股份有限公司 | Colored zantedeschia fertilizer and cultivation method using same |
| CN106508398A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-03-22 | 东海县花卉研究推广站 | Method for overwintering cultivation of color dichondra in sunlight greenhouse |
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