CN110946052B - Miniature potted China rose renewable nutrient medium and matched nutrient solution thereof - Google Patents
Miniature potted China rose renewable nutrient medium and matched nutrient solution thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110946052B CN110946052B CN201911260268.8A CN201911260268A CN110946052B CN 110946052 B CN110946052 B CN 110946052B CN 201911260268 A CN201911260268 A CN 201911260268A CN 110946052 B CN110946052 B CN 110946052B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese rose cultivation raw materials, and discloses a miniature potted Chinese rose renewable nutrient medium which comprises the following components: peat, coconut chaff, perlite and caragana microphylla; the volume ratio of the grass peat to the coconut chaff to the perlite to the caragana microphylla is as follows: 7:5:6: 1.4; also discloses nutrient solution matched with the renewable nutrient medium of the miniature potted Chinese rose. The substrate and the nutrient solution have low production cost and little environmental pollution; the consumption of the turf is reduced by 41-50%, the cost of the matrix is reduced, the way of recycling agricultural and forestry waste resources is enlarged, the environment is protected, and the cost of the matrix is further reduced; the growth quality and quality of the miniature potted rose are effectively improved, and the miniature potted rose shows excellent growth vigor in aspects of plant height, stem thickness, flower diameter, crown leaf size and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese rose cultivation raw materials, in particular to a miniature potted Chinese rose renewable nutrient medium and a matched nutrient solution thereof.
Background
Miniature Chinese rose (Rosa miniata) belonging to Rosaceae, Rosa deciduous or semi-deciduous evergreen shrub is a new species of Chinese rose family, and its plant type is short, spherical and its flower head is numerous, and its character is unique and also called "diamond Chinese rose". The miniature Chinese rose has small plant shape, beautiful and gorgeous flower and long flower viewing time, can be used as ground cover greening material for arranging flower glasses, flower beds and flower bed edging, lawn embellishing and flower color pattern arrangement, and can also be used for manufacturing flower beds and miniature hedges. The miniature Chinese rose can also be arranged on indoor windowsill, desk, balcony or outdoor to be matched with mountain stone, dead wood and the like to make a graceful tree stump bonsai, and even the miniature Chinese rose can be planted on a dead tree hole to show the vigorous growth of the dead wood in spring. The potted type of the miniature Chinese rose is mostly packed into high-grade gift flowers abroad, and the pot flower production of the miniature Chinese rose in 1 year in Denmark reaches 3500 thousands of pots. At present, the foreign potted miniature Chinese rose is produced in a factory, but the work in this aspect of China just starts.
The micro Chinese rose prefers fertilizer, requires the environment conditions of ventilation and good drainage, and is suitable for the subacid soil which is loose and breathable, has rich organic matter content and has pH of 5.5-6.0. The miniature potted China rose grows in the pot, the root system absorption of the miniature potted China rose is limited, so that soil which is superior to soil for pot cultivation is required to be provided for pot cultivation, the general requirements are that the miniature potted China rose can preserve heat, can drain water and ventilate, has proper fertility and can be supplemented constantly and timely, and the requirement that pot soil is required to be prepared is met. At present, the potted Chinese rose matrix is quite rich in source, and commonly used materials such as leaf mold, cinder, pond sludge, garden soil, wood chips, compost, river sand, carbonized rice hulls, vermiculite, perlite and the like. But the relatively high cost of the substrate formula in the current market prevents the commercial scale-up production and industrial upgrading of the miniature potted Chinese rose. Meanwhile, the production and fertilization of potted Chinese roses in China have certain blindness, and because different crops have different requirements on fertilizers, the phenomenon of excessive fertilizer use often occurs, so that the production cost is increased, the environment is polluted, and the reduction of the use amount of the fertilizer is an important target for the sustainable production of many horticultural crops.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention provides the renewable nutrient medium for the miniature potted China rose and the matched nutrient solution thereof, the medium and the nutrient solution have low production cost and little environmental pollution, can effectively improve the growth quality and the quality of the miniature potted China rose, provide a basis for scientifically fertilizing management, and provide convenience for the establishment of the industrialized production and the upgrade of the high-quality, high-efficiency, low-energy-consumption and environment-friendly miniature potted China rose with Chinese characteristics.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a renewable nutrient medium for miniature potted China roses, which comprises the following components: peat, coconut chaff, perlite and caragana microphylla; the volume ratio of the peat, the coconut chaff, the perlite and the caragana microphylla is as follows: 7:5:6:1.4.
Further, the caragana microphylla comprises caragana microphylla branches, caragana microphylla leaves and caragana microphylla roots, and the mass ratio of the caragana microphylla branches to the caragana microphylla leaves to the caragana microphylla roots is as follows: 4:5:4.
Further, the processing method of the caragana microphylla comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing caragana microphylla branches and caragana microphylla leaves into powder, stacking, covering with a plastic film, stacking and fermenting for 8-10 days, turning once during the stacking, after the stacking and fermenting are finished, kneading the fermented mixture of the caragana microphylla branches and the caragana microphylla roots into granules, airing, and drying the aired fermented mixture for later use;
s2: cutting Caragana Intermedia root into 0.3-0.6cm granules;
s3: and (5) mixing the fermented mixture of caragana microphylla branches and caragana microphylla leaves processed in the step S1 with the granular caragana microphylla roots processed in the step S2, crushing and drying.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention also provides a nutrient solution matched with the renewable nutrient medium for the miniature potted China roses, which comprises the following nutrient elements in content: 1 to 1.5mmol/L NH4 +，1.2～6.5mmol/L K，1.2～3.75mmol/L Ca，0.45～0.75mmol/L Mg，4.95～10.75mmol/L NO3 -，0.35～1.75mmol/L SO4 2+，0.35～1.5mmol/L H2PO4 -(ii) a Also comprises the following trace elements: 15mmol/L Fe, 5mmol/L Mn, 3mmol/L Zn, 10mmol/L B, 0.5mmol/L Cu, 0.5mmol/L Mo.
Further, the nutrient elements comprise the following contents: 1mmol/L NH4 +，6.5mmol/L K，2.5mmol/L Ca，0.75mmol/L Mg，9mmol/L NO3 -，1.75mmol/L SO4 2+，1.5mmol/L H2PO4 -(ii) a Also comprises the following trace elements: 15mmol/L Fe, 5mmol/L Mn, 3mmol/L Zn, 10mmol/L B, 0.5mmol/L Cu, 0.5mmol/L Mo.
Further, the nutrient elements comprise the following contents: 1.5mmol/L NH4 +，1.2mmol/L K，1.2mmol/L Ca，0.45mmol/L Mg，4.95mmol/L NO3 -，0.35mmol/L SO4 2+，0.35mmol/L H2PO4 -(ii) a Also comprises the following trace elements: 15mmol/L Fe, 5mmol/L Mn, 3mmol/L Zn, 10mmol/L B, 0.5mmol/L Cu, 0.5mmol/L Mo.
Further, the nutrient elements comprise the following contents: 1.25mmol/L NH4 +，4mmol/L K，3.75mmol/L Ca，0.75mmol/L Mg，10.75mmol/L NO3 -，1mmol/L SO4 2+，1.5mmol/L H2PO4 -(ii) a Also comprises the following trace elements: 15mmol/L Fe, 5mmol/L Mn, 3mmol/L Zn, 10mmol/L B, 0.5mmol/L Cu, 0.5mmol/L Mo.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the matrix and the nutrient solution have low production cost and little environmental pollution; compared with the traditional miniature potted Chinese rose, the method reduces 41-50% of the consumption of the turf, realizes partial substitution of the turf, reduces the cost of the matrix, simultaneously uses the wild plant caragana microphylla waste as the matrix for the first time to be applied to the potted matrix, enlarges the approach of recycling agricultural and forestry waste resources, protects the environment, further reduces the cost of the matrix, and can reduce the cost of the matrix by 28-97%; the medium effectively improves the growth quality and quality of the miniature potted rose, and shows superior growth vigor in aspects of plant height, stem thickness, flower diameter, crown width and leaf size and the like; the invention provides a basis for scientific fertilization management, provides convenience for industrial production and industrial upgrading of the environment-friendly miniature potted Chinese rose with Chinese characteristics and high quality, high efficiency and low energy consumption, and is beneficial to improving the specialized and intensive production level of commodity flowers in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of water loss in a substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the pH comparison results of the surviving plants in the examples of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of EC values versus results for a surviving plant in an example of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of plant height results of plants 32 days after cuttage in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of the leaf number results of plants 32 days after cuttage in the example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example (b):
the embodiment provides a renewable nutrient medium for miniature potted China roses, which comprises the following components: peat, coconut chaff, perlite and caragana microphylla; the volume ratio of the peat, the coconut chaff, the perlite and the caragana microphylla is as follows: 7:5:6:1.4.
The caragana microphylla of the embodiment comprises caragana microphylla branches, caragana microphylla leaves and caragana microphylla roots, and the mass ratio of the caragana microphylla branches, the caragana microphylla leaves and the caragana microphylla roots is as follows: 4:5: 4; the caragana microphylla processing method comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing caragana microphylla branches and caragana microphylla leaves into powder, stacking, covering with a plastic film, stacking and fermenting for 8-10 days, turning once during the stacking, after the stacking and fermenting are finished, kneading the fermented mixture of the caragana microphylla branches and the caragana microphylla roots into granules, airing, and drying the aired fermented mixture for later use;
s2: cutting the caragana microphylla root into 0.3-0.6cm granules for later use;
s3: and (5) mixing the fermented mixture of caragana microphylla branches and caragana microphylla leaves processed in the step S1 with the granular caragana microphylla roots processed in the step S2, crushing and drying.
The caragana microphylla tender branches and leaves contain nitrogen, and are good raw materials for preparing green manure by retting, the caragana microphylla roots have root nodules and have a soil fertility, and after the caragana microphylla is treated by the method, the root nodules of the caragana microphylla roots are kept, and meanwhile the fertility of the caragana microphylla can be fully exerted.
The embodiment also provides a nutrient solution matched with the renewable nutrient medium for the miniature potted Chinese rose, which comprises the following nutrient elements in content: 1E1.5mmol/L NH4 +，1.2～6.5mmol/L K，1.2～3.75mmol/L Ca，0.45～0.75mmol/L Mg，4.95～10.75mmol/L NO3 -，0.35～1.75mmol/L SO4 2+，0.35～1.5mmol/L H2PO4 -(ii) a Also comprises the following trace elements: 15mmol/L Fe, 5mmol/L Mn, 3mmol/L Zn, 10mmol/L B, 0.5mmol/L Cu, 0.5mmol/L Mo.
The present example was configured with the following three specific nutrient solutions:
(1)1mmol/L NH4 +，6.5mmol/L K，2.5mmol/L Ca，0.75mmol/L Mg，9mmol/L NO3 -，1.75mmol/L SO4 2+，1.5mmol/L H2PO4 -(ii) a Also comprises the following trace elements: 15mmol/L Fe, 5mmol/L Mn, 3mmol/L Zn, 10mmol/L B, 0.5mmol/L Cu, 0.5mmol/L Mo;
(2)1.5mmol/L NH4 +，1.2mmol/L K，1.2mmol/L Ca，0.45mmol/L Mg，4.95mmol/L NO3 -，0.35mmol/L SO4 2+，0.35mmol/L H2PO4 -(ii) a Also comprises the following trace elements: 15mmol/L Fe, 5mmol/L Mn, 3mmol/L Zn, 10mmol/L B, 0.5mmol/L Cu, 0.5mmol/L Mo;
(3)1.25mmol/L NH4 +，4mmol/L K，3.75mmol/L Ca，0.75mmol/L Mg，10.75mmol/L NO3-，1mmol/L SO4 2+，1.5mmol/L H2PO4 -(ii) a Also comprises the following trace elements: 15mmol/L Fe, 5mmol/L Mn, 3mmol/L Zn, 10mmol/L B, 0.5mmol/L Cu, 0.5mmol/L Mo.
In order to obtain the substrate and the nutrient solution, the inventor bought a commercially available miniature potted rose culture substrate CK3 as a control, and prepared experimental substrates with the following component proportions respectively, as shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 base ingredients and compounding ratios
The water loss of the matrix is studied through experiments, the experimental result is shown in figure 1, and the result shows that the water loss of CK2, T1, T2, T3, T8 and T9 is obviously higher than that of other combinations, wherein T8 and T9 are obviously lower than that of T2 and T3. The reason for the analysis may be that coconut coir loses water more easily than turf, but the water retention effect is improved after vermiculite is added.
In addition, plants are cultivated by using the different substrates, the PH value and the EC value of the survival plants are shown in figures 2 and 3, and the optimum growth pH value of the miniature Chinese rose is 5.5-6.0, the EC value is 1.2-1.8, and the pH value and the EC value of the 13 substrates are both suitable for the growth of the miniature potted Chinese rose.
The experimental results of the plant height and the leaf number of the plants after the cuttage for 32 days are respectively shown in the attached figures 4 and 5, and the results show that in terms of plant height, CK2, T7, T8 and T9 are short, the leaf numbers CK2, T7, T8 and T9 are minimum, and the plant height is positively correlated with the height. The relatively dark green leaves of T10 and good growth of overground parts are primarily thought to be due to the fact that some components contained in caragana microphylla can promote plant growth.
Comprehensively evaluating each index, wherein the matrix T2, the matrix T6 and the matrix T10 are all superior to a control matrix CK1 and a matrix CK3 commonly used by potted roses at present; from the composition of the matrix, the dosage of the turf is reduced by 41% and 50% respectively by the matrix T2 and the matrix T6, and the matrix T10 uses Ningxia wild plant caragana microphylla waste as the matrix to be applied to the potted matrix for the first time, so that the turf is partially replaced. Through comparing the market cost of each component, the cost of the substituted substrate of the embodiment is reduced by 28-97%.
The inventors prepared nutrient solutions with different concentrations, and the prepared nutrient elements and the used trace elements are respectively shown in tables 2 and 3:
TABLE 2 nutrient elements in the nutrient solution
TABLE 3 microelements in nutrient solution
The trace elements in the table 3 are contained in each of N1-N9 and CK, and the effects of different nutrient solutions on plant height, branch number, stem thickness, flower diameter, crown width and leaf size of plants are shown in tables 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9:
TABLE 4 Effect of nutrient solution on plant height
TABLE 5 Effect of nutrient solutions on branching number
TABLE 6 Effect of nutrient solutions on Stem thickness
TABLE 7 Effect of nutrient solution on flower diameter
TABLE 8 Effect of nutrient solutions on crown size
TABLE 9 Effect of nutrient solution on leaf size
The experimental results show that the nutrient solutions N1 to N9 have different influences on the growth of plants due to different contents of N, P, K, S, Ca and Mg. From experimental results, the results of N4, N6 and N7 are better than those of other treatment groups in terms of plant height, stem thickness, flower diameter and size of coronal leaf blade.
The above is the embodiment of the present invention. The embodiments and specific parameters in the embodiments are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the verification process of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The renewable nutrient medium for the potted miniature Chinese roses is characterized by comprising the following components: peat, coconut chaff, perlite and caragana microphylla; the volume ratio of the peat, the coconut chaff, the perlite and the caragana microphylla is as follows: 7:5:6: 1.4;
the caragana microphylla comprises caragana microphylla branches, caragana microphylla leaves and caragana microphylla roots, and the caragana microphylla branches, the caragana microphylla leaves and the caragana microphylla roots are in the mass ratio of: 4:5: 4;
the processing method of the caragana microphylla comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing caragana microphylla branches and caragana microphylla leaves into powder, stacking, covering with a plastic film, stacking and fermenting for 8-10 days, turning once during the stacking and fermenting, kneading the fermented mixture of the caragana microphylla branches and the caragana microphylla leaves into granules, airing, and drying the aired fermented mixture for later use;
s2: cutting the caragana microphylla leaf into 0.3-0.6cm granules for use;
s3: mixing the fermented mixture of caragana microphylla branches and caragana microphylla leaves processed in the step S1 with the granular caragana microphylla leaves processed in the step S2, crushing and drying;
the nutrient solution matched with the renewable nutrient medium for the miniature potted Chinese roses comprises the following nutrient elements in content: 1 to 1.5mmol/L NH4 +，1.2～6.5mmol/L K，1.2～3.75mmol/L Ca，0.45～0.75mmol/L Mg，4.95～10.75mmol/L NO3 -，0.35～1.75mmol/L SO4 2- ，0.35～1.5mmol/L H2PO4 -(ii) a Also comprises the following trace elements: 15mmol/L Fe, 5mmol/L Mn, 3mmol/L Zn, 10mmol/L B, 0.5mmol/L Cu, 0.5mmol/L Mo.
2. The nutrient solution matched with the renewable nutrient medium for potted miniature China roses according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following nutrient elements in content: 1mmol/LNH4 +，6.5mmol/L K，2.5mmol/L Ca，0.75mmol/L Mg，9mmol/L NO3 -，1.75mmol/L SO4 2- ，1.5mmol/L H2PO4 -(ii) a Also comprises the following trace elements: 15mmol/L Fe, 5mmol/L Mn, 3mmol/L Zn, 10mmol/L B, 0.5mmol/L Cu, 0.5mmol/L Mo.
3. The nutrient solution matched with the renewable nutrient medium for potted miniature China roses according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following nutrient elements in content: 1.5mmol/L NH4 +，1.2mmol/L K，1.2mmol/L Ca，0.45mmol/L Mg，4.95mmol/L NO3 -，0.35mmol/L SO4 2- ，0.35mmol/L H2PO4 -(ii) a Also comprises the following trace elements: 15mmol/L Fe, 5mmol/L Mn, 3mmol/L Zn, 10mmol/L B, 0.5mmol/L Cu, 0.5mmol/L Mo.
4. The nutrient solution matched with the renewable nutrient medium for potted miniature China roses as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution is characterized in thatThe nutrient elements comprise the following contents: 1.25mmol/L NH4 +，4mmol/L K，3.75mmol/L Ca，0.75mmol/L Mg，10.75mmol/L NO3 -，1mmol/L SO4 2- ，1.5mmol/L H2PO4 -(ii) a Also comprises the following trace elements: 15mmol/L Fe, 5mmol/L Mn, 3mmol/L Zn, 10mmol/L B, 0.5mmol/L Cu, 0.5mmol/L Mo.
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| CN108069750A (en) * | 2018-02-22 | 2018-05-25 | 中国林业科学研究院华北林业实验中心 | A kind of stingless multiflora rose promoting root growth strengthens dry nutrient solution and its preparation method |
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