CN115067179B

CN115067179B - Soilless culture substrate and culture method for household abundant flower tea

Info

Publication number: CN115067179B
Application number: CN202210918118.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡永红; 张亚利; 吴垠; 邢强
Original assignee: SHANGHAI CHENSHAN BOTANICAL GARDEN; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: SHANGHAI CHENSHAN BOTANICAL GARDEN; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2022-08-01
Filing date: 2022-08-01
Publication date: 2023-06-02
Anticipated expiration: 2042-08-01
Also published as: CN115067179A

Abstract

The invention provides a soilless culture substrate for household abundant camellia flowers and a culture method, and particularly relates to the technical field of camellia planting. The soilless culture substrate comprises 50-65% of imported peat, 20-30% of perlite, 5-15% of red jade soil and 5-15% of deer-marsh soil according to the volume ratio. The soilless culture substrate does not use soil, has small weight, is convenient to carry and transport, and promotes the transportation and sales of household abundant flowers. The soilless culture substrate promotes the root system growth of the underground part, and further promotes the growth of new branches of the above-ground part, and by using the soilless culture substrate, the family type rich flower root system can grow to the outermost periphery of the substrate in 2-4 months.

Description

Soilless culture substrate and culture method for household abundant flower tea

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of camellia planting, in particular to a soilless culture substrate and a culture method for household abundant camellia.

Background

Feng Huacha flower mainly refers to a camellia type with dense flowers (the number of buds of terminal buds or leaf buds is more than 3), and mainly comprises wild resources of continuous core tea group, calycosin tea group and other groups of camellia, and flower bud-dense variety resources in a cluster of cluster flower flowers and other product groups. Among the culture substrates of camellia, the development of culture substrates of camellia (Camellia japonica), yunnan camellia (Camellia reticulata), golden camellia (Camellia nitidissima) and other groups is common, and the culture substrates of camellia with abundant flowers are not reported.

In the existing culture medium for ornamental camellia resources, multipurpose soil is needed, the soil resources become scarce resources increasingly, the existing culture medium using the soil is heavy and inconvenient to transport and move at home, and in addition, soilless culture is adopted to become a great trend of future development in face of export quarantine requirements of potted plants. In the research and development of soilless culture substrates of camellia, the existing patent formula is mainly used for camellia chrysantha, camellia and camellia yunnanensis, but is not suitable for the camellia chrysantha with large flower bud quantity.

In view of this, the present invention has been made.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a soilless culture substrate for household abundant flower flowers, which is used for solving the technical problems that the culture substrate in the prior art is inconvenient to export and transport and the nutrient growth and flower quantity of the household abundant flower flowers are affected.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, the invention provides a soilless culture substrate for household abundant flower flowers, comprising imported peat, perlite, red jade soil and deer swamp soil.

Optionally, the plant material comprises 50-65% of imported peat, 20-30% of perlite, 5-15% of red jade soil and 5-15% of deer-marsh soil according to volume ratio.

Optionally, small crushed stones are also included.

Preferably, the particle size of the small crushed stone is 0.3cm-1cm.

Preferably, the fertilizer comprises 50-65% of imported peat, 20-30% of perlite, 5-15% of red jade soil, 5-10% of small broken stone and 5-15% of deer-marsh soil according to volume ratio.

Optionally, the inlet peat comprises a fine fibre type inlet peat and/or a coarse fibre type inlet peat.

Preferably the fibre length of the fine fibre type inlet peat is less than 10mm.

Preferably, the fibre length of the raw fibre type inlet peat is in the range of 10mm to 30mm.

Optionally, the cultivation vessel has a volume of less than 2 gallons and the inlet peat comprises a volume ratio of fine fibre type inlet peat to coarse fibre type inlet peat of 2:1.

Preferably the cultivation vessel has a volume of 2 gallons to 4 gallons and the inlet peat comprises fine fibre type inlet peat and coarse fibre type inlet peat in a volume ratio of 1:2.

Preferably the cultivation vessel has a volume of more than 4 gallons and the inlet peat is crude fibre inlet peat.

Optionally, the pH value of the soilless culture substrate is 6-6.5.

The second aspect of the invention provides a method for preparing the soilless culture substrate, which comprises the step of uniformly mixing the imported peat, the perlite, the red jade soil, the deer-marsh soil and optional small broken stone to obtain the soilless culture substrate.

The third aspect of the invention provides a method for cultivating household abundant flower flowers, which comprises the steps of planting household abundant flower flowers in a soilless culture substrate, placing the soilless culture substrate in a ventilated half-shade environment, and carrying out watering management.

Optionally, the family type rich camellia flowers are placed at the half shadow during 2-5 months, so that the nutritional growth of the rich camellia flowers is promoted; during 6-9 months, the flower bud can be placed in a place with sufficient sunlight indoors, so that the formation of flower buds and the increase of the number of flower buds are promoted.

Optionally, according to the flowering period of the camellia nitidissima, a slow release fertilizer for promoting the vegetative growth can be applied before and after 10 months and after flowers (about 3 months); and applying a slow release fertilizer for promoting flower bud formation before and after 5 months.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

the soilless culture substrate for the household type abundant camellia provided by the invention has the advantages that no soil is used in the formula, the weight of the substrate is small, the substrate is convenient to carry and transport, and the transportation and sales of the household type abundant camellia are promoted. The soilless culture substrate can promote the root growth of underground parts, and the root system of the family type rich flower can grow to the outermost periphery of the substrate in 2-4 months.

The preparation method of the soilless culture substrate provided by the invention is simple and convenient, has low labor cost, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

The culture method provided by the invention promotes the family type rich flower flowers to promote the increase of new branch nodes, and the increase of the new branch nodes is 20% -50%; and the growth of the young shoots is facilitated, the growth quantity of the young shoots can reach 3-10cm, and the young shoots are prepared for plant type plumping and future flowering. The culture method promotes the axillary formation of flower buds of each node on the new branch in the flowering period, thereby achieving the flowering effect of the plump flowers.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a root system condition (front view) of household type flower-forming camellia cultivated in test example 1;

FIG. 2 is a root system condition (bottom view) of the family type flower-forming camellia obtained by culturing in test example 1;

FIG. 3 shows the new spring germination (front view) of the household flower-forming camellia cultivated in test example 1;

FIG. 4 is a top view showing the fresh and slightly germinated flowers of the family type abundant scented tea obtained by the culture in example 6;

FIG. 5 shows rooting of miniature potted plants of example 1 and comparative examples 2-4 for 1 month.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

The soilless culture substrate for the household type abundant camellia provided by the invention has the advantages that no soil is used in the formula, the weight of the substrate is small, the substrate is convenient to carry and transport, and the transportation and sales of the household type abundant camellia are promoted. The soilless culture substrate promotes the root system growth of the underground part, and further promotes the growth of new branches of the above-ground part, and by using the soilless culture substrate, the family type rich flower tea root system can rapidly grow to the outermost periphery of the soil within 2-4 months.

Imported peat soil mainly comprises moss plants, and has high organic matter content, small decomposition degree and stable and reliable quality. The domestic peat soil mainly contains herbaceous plants, has low organic matter content and large decomposition degree, and often contains worm eggs, grass seeds and the like, especially grass seeds.

Perlite has water absorption and permeability and is used for adjusting the air permeability and water absorption of a cultivation substrate.

The red jade soil is usually dark red, the small particle size is about 1-2 mm, the medium particle size is between 2-6mm, and the pH value is slightly acidic. In the soilless culture substrate of the household flower-enlarging camellia, the soilless culture substrate has good permeability, is favorable for drainage and ventilation, and reduces the occurrence of rotten roots and the like.

Deer palettes are the generic name for pumice produced in deer palettes city, county of japan . Is generally more round and porous. The tea flower has good air permeability, good water retention and strong acidity, and is favorable for the growth of tea flowers which are loved by acidic matrixes.

In some embodiments of the invention, the volume of the inlet peat is typically, but not limited to, 50%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64% or 65% in a soilless culture substrate for household flower-forming camellia; perlite typically, but not limited to, 20%, 25% or 30% by volume; the volume fraction of red jade soil is typically, but not limited to, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14% or 15%; the volume fraction of deer marshland is typically, but not limited to, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14% or 15%.

Optionally, small crushed stones are also included.

The addition of the small broken stone can reduce the air permeability of the soilless culture substrate, properly increase the weight of the culture substrate, reduce lodging and reduce cost.

Preferably, the particle size of the small crushed stone is 0.3cm-1cm.

In some embodiments of the invention, the small crushed stone has a particle size of typically, but not limited to, 0.3cm, 0.4cm, 0.5cm, 0.6cm, 0.7cm, 0.8cm, 0.9cm, or 1cm.

In some embodiments of the invention, the volume of the inlet peat is typically, but not limited to, 50%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64% or 65% in a soilless culture substrate for household flower-forming camellia; perlite typically, but not limited to, 20%, 25% or 30% by volume; the volume ratio of the red jade soil is typically but not limited to 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10%; the volume fraction of small crushed stone is typically, but not limited to, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10% or 15%; the volume ratio of deer marshland is typically, but not limited to, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10% or 15%.

Optionally, the cultivation vessel has a volume of less than 1 gallon and the inlet peat comprises a volume ratio of 2:1 of fine fibre inlet peat to coarse fibre inlet peat.

When the volume of the cultivation container is smaller than 1 gallon, the fine fiber imported peat is taken as the main material, in view of the fact that the early growth speed of plants is high, the cultivation container needs to be replaced, the decomposition speed of the fine fiber imported peat is high, the loss speed of the fine fiber imported peat along with watering is high, and rooting of plants is facilitated.

Preferably, the cultivation vessel has a volume of 1 gallon to 2 gallon and the inlet peat comprises a fine fibre type inlet peat and a coarse fibre type inlet peat in a volume ratio of 1:2.

When the volume of the cultivation container is 2 gallons to 3 gallons, the imported peat comprises fine fiber imported peat and coarse fiber imported peat with the volume ratio of 2:1, the cultivation container has longer lasting effect, and is beneficial to improving the physical structure of soil and preventing matrix hardening.

Preferably the cultivation vessel has a volume of more than 3 gallons and the inlet peat is crude fibre inlet peat.

The cultivation container has a volume of more than 4 gallons, the raw fiber type imported peat is used completely, the size of the rich flower plants is controlled, the pot changing time is prolonged, the soil duration requirement is relatively prolonged, the raw fiber duration is long, the physical structure of the matrix can be adjusted, and the benign growth of the plants is promoted.

Optionally, the pH value of the soilless culture substrate is 6-6.5.

The family type rich flower tea plant is slightly acidic, so that the pH value of the soilless culture substrate is controlled to be 6-6.5 in culture, and the pH value is typically but not limited to 6, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4 or 6.5 in the implementation process.

The third aspect of the invention provides a method for cultivating household abundant flower flowers, which comprises the steps of planting household abundant flower flowers in a soilless culture substrate, and placing the household abundant flower flowers in a ventilated half-shade environment for maintenance management.

According to the flowering period of the flower-rich camellia, a slow release fertilizer for promoting the nutrition growth can be applied around 10 months before and after the flower and around 3 months after the flower; and applying a slow release fertilizer for promoting flower bud formation before and after 5 months.

Some embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples. The following embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

The imported peat used in the following examples and comparative examples was 10mm or less in size and 10-30mm in size, and was manufactured by Hawita, germany; domestic peat with fineness of 0-15mm is commercially available; the grain diameter of the perlite is 2-6mm, and the manufacturer is Boehringer's disease; the grain size of the red jade soil is 3-6mm, and the manufacturer is Japanese common Yongye; the grain size of the deer-marsh soil is 3-6mm, and the manufacturer is Japanese big persimmon; the particle size of the small crushed stone is 0.3cm-1cm, and the small crushed stone is commercially available.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a soilless culture substrate for household abundant flower tea flowers, which is obtained by uniformly mixing 50% of imported peat, 30% of perlite, 10% of red jade soil and 10% of deer swamp soil according to the volume ratio, wherein the imported peat is mainly fine fiber imported peat.

Example 2

The embodiment provides a soilless culture substrate for household type abundant flower flowers, which is obtained by uniformly mixing 50% of imported peat, 30% of perlite, 10% of red jade soil and 10% of deer swamp soil according to the volume ratio, wherein the volume ratio of fine fiber imported peat to coarse fiber imported peat is 2:1.

Example 3

The embodiment provides a soilless culture substrate for household type abundant flower flowers, which is obtained by uniformly mixing 65% of imported peat, 25% of perlite, 5% of red jade soil and 5% of deer swamp soil according to the volume ratio, wherein the volume ratio of fine fiber imported peat to coarse fiber imported peat is 2:1.

Example 4

The embodiment provides a soilless culture substrate for household type abundant flower flowers, which is obtained by uniformly mixing 60% of imported peat, 20% of perlite, 10% of red jade soil and 10% of deer swamp soil according to the volume ratio, wherein the volume ratio of fine fiber imported peat to coarse fiber imported peat is 2:1.

Example 5

The embodiment provides a soilless culture substrate for household abundant flower tea flowers, which is obtained by uniformly mixing 55% of imported peat, 30% of perlite, 5% of small broken stone, 5% of red jade soil and 5% of deer swamp soil according to the volume ratio, wherein the volume ratio of fine fiber imported peat to coarse fiber imported peat in the imported peat is 2:1.

Example 6

The present embodiment provides a soilless culture substrate for household-type abundant flower, which is different from embodiment 1 in that the volume ratio of fine fiber type imported peat to coarse fiber type imported peat is 2:1, and the rest raw materials and proportions are the same as those in embodiment 1, and are not described here again.

Example 7

The present embodiment provides a soilless culture substrate for household type abundant flower flowers, which is different from embodiment 1 in that the imported peat is coarse fiber imported peat, and the rest raw materials and proportions are the same as those in embodiment 1, and are not described herein.

Comparative example 1

The comparative example provides a soilless culture substrate for household abundant flower flowers, which is different from the example 1 in that domestic peat is used, and the rest raw materials and proportions are the same as those of the example 1, and are not repeated here.

Comparative example 2

The comparative example provides a soilless culture substrate for household abundant flower tea flowers, which is obtained by uniformly mixing 50% of imported peat moss, 30% of perlite and 20% of coconut husk according to the volume ratio. Wherein the inlet peat moss is a fine fiber.

Comparative example 3

The comparative example provides a soilless culture substrate for household abundant flower tea flowers, which is obtained by uniformly mixing 50% of imported sphagnum moss, 30% of perlite and 20% of pine bark according to the volume ratio. Wherein the inlet peat moss is a fine fiber.

Comparative example 4

The comparative example provides a soilless culture substrate for household abundant flower tea flowers, which is obtained by uniformly mixing 50% of imported sphagnum, 30% of perlite and 20% of river sand according to the volume ratio. Wherein the inlet peat moss is a fine fiber.

Test example 1

The test was performed in a greenhouse at Shanghai national academy of agricultural sciences.

The experiment selects 1 year-old cutting seedlings of the abundant scented tea varieties with the same batch and basically consistent growth vigor. The soilless culture substrate for household type flower-forming camellia provided in example 1 was used for cultivation using a flowerpot of 0.5 gallon.

Planting the cutting seedlings in flowerpots respectively, and watering thoroughly after planting to enable the roots and the cultivation medium to be in seamless contact so as to promote survival. And the management of the later-period family type rich flower tea cutting seedlings is consistent. Shading family type abundant camellia flowers in a period of 2-5 months, and promoting the nutrition growth of the abundant camellia flowers; during the period of 6 months to 9 months, the shading time is reduced, and the formation of flower buds and the increase of the number of flower buds are promoted. Applying a slow release fertilizer for promoting the nutrition growth before and after 10 months and after flowers (about 3 months); and applying a slow release fertilizer for promoting flower bud formation before and after 5 months.

The family type rich flower tea grows to the outermost periphery of the matrix after 2 months.

And counting the new growth quantity and counting the newly issued nodes when the spring is reserved. It can be seen that example 1 provides a new tip growth amount of 3cm-5cm for family type plump camellia in the matrix, which can effectively promote the new tip growth, promote the germination of new branches, and prepare for plant type plump and future flowering.

Test example 2

The test selects 2-3 year-old abundant flower variety cutting seedlings which are in the same batch and have basically consistent growth vigor, uses the formula of the embodiment 2-5, and uses a flowerpot of 0.5 gallon for cultivation.

Planting the cutting seedlings in flowerpots respectively, and watering thoroughly after planting to enable the rootstock to be in seamless contact with the culture medium, so that the survival rate of camellia is promoted. And the management of the later-period family type rich flower tea cutting seedlings is consistent. Shading family type abundant camellia flowers in a period of 2-5 months, and promoting the nutrition growth of the abundant camellia flowers; during 6-9 months, the flower bud can be placed at a position with sufficient indoor illumination, so that the formation of flower buds and the increase of the number of flower buds are promoted. Applying a slow release fertilizer for promoting the nutrition growth before and after 10 months and after flowers (about 3 months); and applying a slow release fertilizer for promoting flower bud formation before and after 5 months.

And counting the time from the growth of the family type rich flower roots to the outermost periphery of the soil after 2-4 months.

And counting the new growth quantity and counting the newly issued nodes when the spring is reserved. It can be seen that example 1 provides a new tip growth amount of 5cm-10m for family type plump camellia in the matrix, which can effectively promote the new tip growth, promote the germination of new branches, and prepare for plant type plump and future flowering.

Test example 3

The test was performed in a home environment.

The test selects grafted seedlings of 2-3 year-old Fenghua flower varieties which are in the same batch and basically consistent in growth vigor, and uses the formulas of examples 6-7 to culture the grafted seedlings by using flowerpots of 3 gallons and 4 gallons respectively.

The household type rich flower tea flowers are placed at a position without scattered light indoors in a period of 2 months to 5 months, and a slow release fertilizer for promoting nutrition growth is applied before and after 3 months; the irradiation time in the morning is increased in the period of 6-8 months, and the flower bud growth promoting slow release fertilizer can be placed on a south balcony and applied before 6 months.

In spring, the new growth is counted, and the new node is counted. It can be seen that examples 6-7 provide that the amount of new tip growth of family type Fenghua camellia in the matrix is 5cm-15cm, which can effectively promote the new tip growth, promote the germination of new branches, and prepare for plant type plump and future flowering.

Fig. 1, 2 and 3 show the growth state of the household type flower tea flower provided in test example 1. As can be seen from fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the soilless culture substrate for household type abundant camellia provided in examples 2-5 has developed root system, and further promotes germination of new branches.

FIG. 4 shows the new germination conditions of the family type abundant scented tea flowers obtained by the culture in example 6 in spring, and the new germination conditions are more in number, full in plant shape and ready for forming the abundant flower effect in winter.

FIG. 5 shows rooting conditions of 1 month in miniature potted plants of example 1 and comparative examples 2-4, and it can be seen from the figure that the number of new roots of example 1 is far greater than that of comparative examples 2-4 (white roots are new roots in the pictures).

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. The soilless culture substrate for the household rich flower tea flowers is characterized by comprising 50-65% of imported peat, 20-30% of perlite, 5-10% of red jade soil, 5-10% of deer-marsh soil and 5-10% of small broken stone by volume;

wherein the particle size of the small crushed stone is 0.3cm-1cm;

the imported peat is mainly prepared from moss plants;

the inlet peat comprises fine fibre inlet peat and/or coarse fibre inlet peat;

the fiber length of the fine fiber type imported peat is less than 10mm;

the fiber length of the crude fiber type imported peat is 10mm-30mm;

the volume of the cultivation container is less than 2 gallons, and the inlet peat comprises fine fiber inlet peat and coarse fiber inlet peat with the volume ratio of 2:1;

the cultivation container has a volume of 2 gallons to 4 gallons, and the inlet peat comprises fine fiber inlet peat and coarse fiber inlet peat with a volume ratio of 1:2;

the volume of the cultivation container is more than 4 gallons, and the inlet peat is crude fiber inlet peat;

the pH value of the soilless culture substrate is 6-6.5.

2. A method for preparing a soilless culture substrate according to claim 1, wherein the soilless culture substrate is obtained by uniformly mixing the imported peat, the perlite, the red jade soil, the deer-marsh soil and the small macadam.

3. A method for cultivating household abundant flower tea is characterized in that the household abundant flower tea is planted in the soilless culture substrate of claim 1, and is placed in a semi-shadow environment with indoor ventilation for maintenance management.

4. A method of culturing according to claim 3, wherein the domestic style of camellia sinensis flowers are placed at half shade during 2 months to 5 months to promote vegetative growth of the camellia sinensis flowers; during 6-9 months, the flower buds are placed in a place with sufficient sunlight indoors, and the formation of flower buds and the increase of the number of flower buds are promoted.

5. A culture method according to claim 3, wherein the slow release fertilizer for promoting vegetative growth is applied according to the flowering phase of the camellia of the Fenghua, namely around 10 months and around 3 months after the flowers; and applying a slow release fertilizer for promoting flower bud formation before and after 5 months.