CN109328959B - Method for cultivating new variety of rhododendron - Google Patents
Method for cultivating new variety of rhododendron Download PDFInfo
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- CN109328959B CN109328959B CN201811316801.3A CN201811316801A CN109328959B CN 109328959 B CN109328959 B CN 109328959B CN 201811316801 A CN201811316801 A CN 201811316801A CN 109328959 B CN109328959 B CN 109328959B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating a new variety of rhododendron, which comprises the following specific steps: peat, plant fermentation, perlite, locust bean gum and AH-106X are uniformly mixed, the pH value is adjusted, then seedlings are selected and the rhododendron is transplanted, the treating agent is thoroughly poured, sun is shaded, nutrient solution is regularly poured, watering is carried out, trimming and shaping are carried out, and the potted rhododendron with stable tree shape is obtained. The beneficial effects are that: the locust bean gum and AH-106X are used for preparing the matrix, so that the matrix has the functions of water retention, fertilizer retention and slow release, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the using amount of the fertilizer is reduced, and the agricultural cost is reduced; 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid and naphthol are compounded for use, so that the root system growth is promoted, and the stress resistance of crops is improved; the 13X zeolite and the bamboo vinegar liquid are synergistic, so that the water quality is purified, and the pH value of the self-made irrigation water is improved; the potted rhododendron obtained by the cultivation method has large crown width, uniform branches, full plant type, strong growth vigor and stable tree shape.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating a new variety of rhododendron.
Background
Rhododendron called Rhododendron simsii and pomegranate is evergreen or ordinary green shrub. The rhododendron blooms in spring, the corolla is funnel-shaped, the flower color is luxuriant and gorgeous, and the rhododendron blossoms are famous flower plants and have high ornamental value. The whole plant of rhododendron can be used for medicine, has the effects of promoting qi and blood circulation and tonifying deficiency, and can be used for treating internal injury cough, kidney deficiency deafness, menoxenia, rheumatism and other diseases.
The history of China cultivating rhododendrons is long, and the Qilian pottery hong Jing is recorded in the book Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu in 492 drafts. Up to now, 200 kinds of gardening varieties are 300, which are mainly divided into 4 varieties of east cuckoo, rhododendron pulchrum, rhododendron and summer cuckoo. The evergreen rhododendron is suitable for pot culture, particularly for rare rhododendron rarity, has delicate habit and is more suitable for pot culture. The rhododendron is fond of wetting and needs to be watered frequently, particularly in summer, the water demand is large, tap water used in cities contains calcium and magnesium ions, the pH value is neutral or weak alkaline, and the water watering can change the acid environment of the matrix, influence the growth of the rhododendron and even cause the death of rhododendron plants.
The rhododendron is a loose, permeable, breathable and acidic culture substrate. The traditional rhododendron culture medium mainly comprises turf or peat, and a small amount of inorganic medium such as vermiculite, perlite, river sand and the like is added, but the development and utilization of peat as a natural resource are limited, and the use cost is higher and higher, so that an organic medium for replacing peat or reducing the consumption of peat is imperatively found in pot culture.
The prior art discloses a cultivation method for rhododendron adapting to the existence of northern climate, such as a Chinese patent with an issued publication number of CN101884299B, which comprises the following steps: the rhododendron plantlets were planted in pots with the following substrates: the matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing peat soil Klasmann525# imported from Germany and perlite in a ratio of 5: 1-7: 1, the whole pot soil is watered thoroughly with clear water with a pH value of 6.0-6.5, 1 time of aqueous solution containing 0.2-0.6 g of chlormequat chloride and 0.1-0.4 g of potassium permanganate per liter is sprayed comprehensively after 3 days of watering, no fertilizer is applied within half a month, and only clear water with a pH value of 6.0-6.5 is poured; when the pot soil 2/3 is dried and the EC of the soil is determined in the later maintenance>Only clear water and EC of soil are irrigated at 0.4<0.4 hours irrigation with KNO per liter30.2-0.3g and KH2PO40.2-0.4g of aqueous solution, and spraying aqueous solution containing 0.2-0.6 g of chlormequat chloride and 0.1-0.4 g of potassium permanganate per liter once per month. However, this method uses a large amount of expensive peatmoss, andthere is a problem that watering changes the pH environment of the culture medium.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating a new rhododendron variety, which has the advantages of low price, small peat consumption, large pH buffer range of a culture medium and no influence on the medium environment due to watering.
Aiming at the problems mentioned in the technology, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for cultivating a new variety of rhododendron includes matrix preparation, seedling selection and transplanting, illumination management, watering and fertilizing, trimming and shaping, and comprises the following specific steps:
preparing a matrix: uniformly mixing peat, plant fermentation product, perlite, locust bean gum and AH-106X, adjusting pH value with pH regulator, filling into a flowerpot to obtain culture medium, then spreading sulfur powder with 1/10 weight of the culture medium on the culture medium, stirring uniformly, standing for 1 day, and using for rhododendron cultivation; locust bean gum and AH-106X are used in combination, so that a large amount of carboxylate groups and hydrophobic groups exist on the surface of the molecules, the adsorption and ion exchange effects are achieved, the water repellent effect and the effect of wrapping ammonium ions are achieved, can exchange and complex with ammonium radicals in the fertilizer and the like, reduces the loss of fertilizer efficiency, achieves the aim of fertilizer conservation, the hydrophobic group and the wrapping property of the composite lead ammonium ions to release slowly, thus delaying the release speed of the water and fertilizer, after the locust bean gum and AH-106X are mixed with peat and perlite to form a matrix, the subsequent treatment agent irrigation step is matched, so that the matrix absorbs a large amount of water and nutrient substances and expands into a net structure, the water storage space is enlarged, the water and fertilizer retention and slow release capacity is enhanced, the fertilizer is promoted by water, the fertilizer is more effectively released and absorbed, the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is greatly improved, the using amount of the fertilizer is reduced, and the agricultural production cost is reduced; meanwhile, dispersed substrate particles are bonded into lumps, so that the bulk density of the substrate is reduced, the porosity is increased, the water, gas and heat conditions in the substrate are adjusted, and the air permeability of the substrate is improved, thereby being beneficial to the growth of rhododendrons, in addition, the plant fermentation product contains acidic raw materials such as bamboo wood, physalis alkekengi, purslane and the like, the acidic raw materials are acidic after enzymolysis and fermentation, the organic matter content of the culture substrate can be effectively increased, the plant growth is adjusted, and the substrate has a certain bacteriostasis and sterilization effect, and simultaneously, the rooting and growth promoting effects of a pH regulator and a treating agent are matched, so that the pH buffer range of the substrate is enlarged, the acidic environment of the culture substrate is ensured, the functions of bacteriostasis and sterilization and plant growth adjustment are greatly increased, the needed acidity is provided for the growth of rhododendrons, the whole environment of ventilation, water retention and fertilizer is maintained, the respiration growth of, the crown width and branches of the rhododendron are effectively increased, so that the plant type is full and the plant grows robustly;
selecting and transplanting seedlings: selecting rhododendron cutting seedlings with good root system conditions, pruning until the plant heights are consistent, completely digging the root systems, transplanting, thoroughly watering with a treating agent after transplanting, spraying a bacteria toxin clear solution on leaf surfaces once, placing the flowerpot in a natural illumination environment, controlling the temperature at 20-28 ℃, controlling the relative humidity at 50-70%, and keeping the matrix wet all the time after transplanting;
illumination management: 10 in summer: 00am to 5: the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is adjusted to 50-70% by 00pm, and the sunshade net is used in autumn 10: 00am to 4: the shading rate of the shading net is adjusted to be 20-50% by 00 pm;
watering and fertilizing: self-made irrigation water is used for thoroughly watering every 2-3 days in spring and autumn for 1 time, watering is respectively carried out for 1 time in the morning and at the evening in 6-9 months, and water is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the rhododendron at noon; adopting a light fertilizer application method, irrigating once per week by using nutrient solution for 3-5 months, and irrigating once per week by using nutrient solution for 9 months, wherein 50-80mL of nutrient solution is irrigated each time;
trimming and shaping: and timely removing overgrown branch buds and lean branch buds in the growing period, pruning the tree shape of the rhododendron, controlling the height to be 40-55cm, and rejuvenating the tree body to obtain the potted rhododendron with stable tree shape.
Preferably, in the step of preparing the substrate, the culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of peat, 10-20 parts of plant fermentation product, 5-10 parts of perlite, 2-5 parts of locust bean gum and AH-106X5-10 parts; the pH regulator consists of acetic acid with mass concentration of 2.5% and sodium acetate, and the pH value is regulated to be between 4.5 and 5.5.
Further preferably, in the step of preparing the substrate, the method for preparing the plant fermentation product comprises the following steps: pulverizing agricultural wastes such as wheat straw, corn straw, bamboo, physalis alkekengi, purslane, tomato, yellow peach, dry branches and fallen leaves and the like to 3-5mm in length, putting the agricultural wastes into a fermentation tank, composting and immersing the agricultural wastes by using impregnation liquid inoculated with cellulase and pectinase, stirring once every 3 days, cleaning the agricultural wastes after one month, drying in the sun and pulverizing to obtain the plant fermentation product.
Preferably, in the step of selecting and transplanting the seedlings, the treating agent comprises: 2-30 parts of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, 2-30 parts of naphthol, 10-50 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 20-50 parts of urea and 1000 parts of self-made irrigation water; the 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid and naphthol are compounded for use, so that the compound has triple effects of supplementing exogenous auxin required by plant rooting, promoting synthesis of endogenous auxin in plants and regulating and controlling important enzyme activity, promoting cell division, expansion and biomacromolecule synthesis, inducing the formation of adventitious roots or adventitious buds of plants, further promoting the growth of taproots and fibrous roots, and promoting the recovery and growth of injured roots in the seedling transplanting process; the 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid and naphthol are compounded for use, have auxin activity, can promote the growth of stems and leaves, improve the growth vigor of plants, promote the absorption of water and fertilizer and improve the stress resistance of crops besides being used as rooting powder.
Preferably, in the watering and fertilizing step, the preparation method of the self-made watering water comprises the following steps: adding bamboo vinegar solution and 13X zeolite into tap water, stirring for adsorption, filtering to remove zeolite, adjusting pH to 4.5-5.5 with pH regulator, standing in the sun in the open air, and solarizing for 3-5 days to obtain self-made irrigation water; urban tap water generally contains chloride and calcium and magnesium ions, and the concentration of hydrogen ions is lower than 100nmol/L (the pH value is higher than 7), so that the leaves of rhododendron by directly watering the rhododendron become yellow, fall off and even die; the 13X zeolite molecular sieve has a large comparative area and a specific micropore diameter, can quickly adsorb calcium and magnesium ions in water to soften hard water, and can synergistically enhance the adsorption capacity of the 13X zeolite molecular sieve by adding bamboo vinegar into a formed weak acid water environment, so that the softening capacity of the 13X zeolite molecular sieve to the hard water is greatly improved; meanwhile, the water quality purified by the 13X zeolite molecular sieve also effectively improves the efficacy of the bamboo vinegar liquid, ensures the acid-base buffer capacity of self-made irrigation water by matching with the use of a pH regulator, and alleviates or even completely avoids the problems of rapid decrease of the hydrogen ion concentration in the culture medium and change of the acid environment of the culture medium caused by a large amount of irrigation in the traditional culture method; meanwhile, the self-made irrigation water added with the bamboo vinegar can effectively inhibit the propagation of harmful microorganisms, improve microorganism groups and promote the decomposition and utilization of organic matters, thereby improving the granular structure, the air permeability and the water permeability of the matrix, simultaneously regulating the growth of plants, promoting the rooting and the growth of rhododendron and improving the utilization rate of the nutrient solution.
Further preferably, in the watering and fertilizing step, the nutrient solution comprises the following components: 10-20 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3-5 parts of borax, 5-15 parts of bean cake, 3-5 parts of chelated iron, 3-5 parts of manganese sulfate, 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate and 2000 parts of self-made irrigation water 1500-doped water; the rhododendron is fertile but not resistant to fertilizer, so the rhododendron should be applied with light fertilizer, although nitrogen fertilizer is used, the nutrient solution is full-nutrient, the proportion of various nutrient components is proper, various nutrient components required by the growth of the rhododendron can be provided, the phenomenon that a certain nutrient is too much to cause single salt poison to plants is avoided, and the added chelated iron can effectively prevent the yellow leaves of the rhododendron from yellowing due to an alkaline environment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: 1) the fermentation product of the agricultural wastes is used as the raw material of the rhododendron potted matrix, so that the consumption of peat in the culture matrix is reduced, and the method has great significance in reducing the production cost and recycling the agricultural wastes; 2) the locust bean gum and AH-106X are used for preparing the matrix, so that the matrix has the functions of water retention, fertilizer retention and slow release, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the using amount of the fertilizer is reduced, and the agricultural cost is reduced; 3) 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid and naphthol are compounded for use, so that the root system growth is promoted, and the stress resistance of crops is improved; 4) 13X zeolite and bamboo vinegar are used for synergism to purify city tap water, change the pH environment of the self-made irrigation water and increase the nutritional efficiency of the self-made irrigation water; 5) according to the invention, the matrix is improved in the cultivation process, and the potted rhododendron with increased crown width, uniform branches, full plant type, strong growth and stable tree form is obtained by using the measures of self-made watering, illumination control, pruning and shaping and the like.
Detailed Description
The scheme of the invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1:
a method for cultivating a new variety of rhododendron includes matrix preparation, seedling selection and transplanting, illumination management, watering and fertilizing, trimming and shaping, and comprises the following specific steps:
1) preparing a matrix: uniformly mixing 10 parts of peat, 10 parts of plant fermentation product, 5 parts of perlite, 2 parts of locust bean gum and AH-106X5 parts, adjusting the pH value to 4.9 by using a pH regulator consisting of 2.5% acetic acid and sodium acetate, filling the mixture into a flowerpot to obtain a culture medium, then scattering sulfur powder with the weight of 1/10 culture medium on the culture medium, uniformly mixing, and standing for 1 day for rhododendron cultivation; locust bean gum and AH-106X are used in combination, so that a large amount of carboxylate groups and hydrophobic groups exist on the surface of the molecules, the adsorption and ion exchange effects are achieved, the water repellent effect and the effect of wrapping ammonium ions are achieved, can exchange and complex with ammonium radicals in the fertilizer and the like, reduces the loss of fertilizer efficiency, achieves the aim of fertilizer conservation, the hydrophobic group and the wrapping property of the composite lead ammonium ions to release slowly, thus delaying the release speed of the water and fertilizer, after the locust bean gum and AH-106X are mixed with peat and perlite to form a matrix, the subsequent treatment agent irrigation step is matched, so that the matrix absorbs a large amount of water and nutrient substances and expands into a net structure, the water storage space is enlarged, the water and fertilizer retention and slow release capacity is enhanced, the fertilizer is promoted by water, the fertilizer is more effectively released and absorbed, the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is greatly improved, the using amount of the fertilizer is reduced, and the agricultural production cost is reduced; meanwhile, dispersed substrate particles are bonded into lumps, so that the bulk density of the substrate is reduced, the porosity is increased, the water, gas and heat conditions in the substrate are adjusted, and the air permeability of the substrate is improved, thereby being beneficial to the growth of rhododendrons, in addition, the plant fermentation product contains acidic raw materials such as bamboo wood, physalis alkekengi, purslane and the like, the acidic raw materials are acidic after enzymolysis and fermentation, the organic matter content of the culture substrate can be effectively increased, the plant growth is adjusted, and the substrate has a certain bacteriostasis and sterilization effect, and simultaneously, the rooting and growth promoting effects of a pH regulator and a treating agent are matched, so that the pH buffer range of the substrate is enlarged, the acidic environment of the culture substrate is ensured, the functions of bacteriostasis and sterilization and plant growth adjustment are greatly increased, the needed acidity is provided for the growth of rhododendrons, the whole environment of ventilation, water retention and fertilizer is maintained, the respiration growth of, the crown width and branches of the rhododendron are effectively increased, so that the plant type is full and the plant grows robustly;
the preparation method of the plant fermentation product comprises the following steps: crushing agricultural wastes such as wheat straws, corn straws, bamboo wood, winter cherry, purslane, tomatoes, yellow peaches, dry branches and fallen leaves and the like to 3-5mm in length, putting the crushed agricultural wastes into a fermentation tank, composting and immersing the crushed agricultural wastes by using an impregnation liquid inoculated with cellulase and pectinase, stirring the soaked wastes once every 3 days, cleaning the agricultural wastes after one month, drying the agricultural wastes in the sun and crushing the agricultural wastes to obtain a plant fermentation product;
2) selecting and transplanting seedlings: selecting rhododendron cutting seedlings with good root system conditions, pruning until the plant heights are consistent, completely digging the root systems, transplanting, thoroughly watering with a treating agent after transplanting, spraying a bacteria toxin clear solution on leaf surfaces once, placing the flowerpot in a natural illumination environment, controlling the temperature at 25 ℃ and the relative humidity at 60%, and keeping the matrix wet all the time after transplanting;
treating agent: according to the weight parts, 15 parts of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, 15 parts of naphthol, 30 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 40 parts of urea and 1000 parts of self-made irrigation water; the 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid and naphthol are compounded for use, so that the compound has triple effects of supplementing exogenous auxin required by plant rooting, promoting synthesis of endogenous auxin in plants and regulating and controlling important enzyme activity, promoting cell division, expansion and biomacromolecule synthesis, inducing the formation of adventitious roots or adventitious buds of plants, further promoting the growth of taproots and fibrous roots, and promoting the recovery and growth of injured roots in the seedling transplanting process; the 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid and naphthol are compounded for use, so that the auxin activity is realized, the growth of stems and leaves can be promoted, the growth vigor of plants can be improved, the water and fertilizer absorption can be promoted, and the stress resistance of crops can be improved besides the use as rooting powder;
3) illumination management: 10 in summer: 00am to 5: the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is adjusted to 70% by 00pm, and the sunshade net is used in autumn 10: 00am to 4: the shading rate of the shading net is adjusted to 50% by 00 pm;
4) watering and fertilizing: self-made irrigation water is used for thoroughly watering every 2-3 days in spring and autumn for 1 time, watering is respectively carried out for 1 time in the morning and at the evening in 6-9 months, and water is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the rhododendron at noon; adopting a light fertilizer application method, irrigating once per week by using nutrient solution for 3-5 months, and irrigating once per week by using nutrient solution for 9 months, wherein 50-80mL of nutrient solution is irrigated each time;
the preparation method of the self-made irrigation water comprises the following steps: adding bamboo vinegar solution and 13X zeolite into tap water, stirring for adsorption, filtering to remove zeolite, adjusting pH to 4.5-5.5 with pH regulator, standing in the sun in the open air, and solarizing for 3-5 days to obtain self-made irrigation water; urban tap water generally contains chloride and calcium and magnesium ions, and the concentration of hydrogen ions is lower than 100nmol/L (the pH value is higher than 7), so that the leaves of rhododendron by directly watering the rhododendron become yellow, fall off and even die; the 13X zeolite molecular sieve has a large comparative area and a specific micropore diameter, can quickly adsorb calcium and magnesium ions in water to soften hard water, and can synergistically enhance the adsorption capacity of the 13X zeolite molecular sieve by adding bamboo vinegar into a formed weak acid water environment, so that the softening capacity of the 13X zeolite molecular sieve to the hard water is greatly improved; meanwhile, the water quality purified by the 13X zeolite molecular sieve also effectively improves the efficacy of the bamboo vinegar liquid, ensures the acid-base buffer capacity of self-made irrigation water by matching with the use of a pH regulator, and alleviates or even completely avoids the problems of rapid decrease of the hydrogen ion concentration in the culture medium and change of the acid environment of the culture medium caused by a large amount of irrigation in the traditional culture method; meanwhile, the self-made irrigation water added with the bamboo vinegar can effectively inhibit the propagation of harmful microorganisms, improve microorganism groups and promote the decomposition and utilization of organic matters, thereby improving the granular structure, the air permeability and the water permeability of the matrix, simultaneously regulating the growth of plants, promoting the rooting and the growth of rhododendron and improving the utilization rate of the nutrient solution;
the nutrient solution is prepared by mixing 20 parts of urea, 15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of borax, 15 parts of bean cakes, 5 parts of chelated iron, 5 parts of manganese sulfate, 3 parts of zinc sulfate and 2000 parts of self-made irrigation water in parts by weight; the rhododendron is favored to be fertile but not resistant to be fertile, so that the rhododendron should be applied with light fertilizer, although nitrogen fertilizer is adopted, the nutrient solution is full-nutrient, the proportion of various nutrient components is required to be proper, various nutrient components required by the growth of the rhododendron can be provided, the phenomenon that a certain nutrient is too much to cause single salt poison to plants is avoided, and the added chelated iron can effectively prevent the yellow leaves of the rhododendron from yellowing due to an alkaline environment;
5) trimming and shaping: and timely removing overgrown branch buds and lean branch buds in the growing period, pruning the tree shape of the rhododendron, controlling the height to be 40-55cm, and rejuvenating the tree body to obtain the potted rhododendron with stable tree shape.
Example 2:
a method for cultivating a new variety of rhododendron includes matrix preparation, seedling selection and transplanting, illumination management, watering and fertilizing, trimming and shaping, and comprises the following specific steps:
1) preparing a matrix: uniformly mixing 10 parts of peat, 15 parts of plant fermentation product, 10 parts of perlite, 5 parts of locust bean gum and AH-106X8 parts, adjusting the pH value to 5.0 by using a pH regulator consisting of 2.5% acetic acid and sodium acetate, filling the mixture into a flowerpot to obtain a culture medium, then scattering sulfur powder with the weight of 1/10 culture medium on the culture medium, uniformly stirring, and standing for 1 day for rhododendron cultivation;
the preparation method of the plant fermentation product comprises the following steps: crushing agricultural wastes such as wheat straws, corn straws, bamboo wood, winter cherry, purslane, tomatoes, yellow peaches, dry branches and fallen leaves and the like to 3-5mm in length, putting the crushed agricultural wastes into a fermentation tank, composting and immersing the crushed agricultural wastes by using an impregnation liquid inoculated with cellulase and pectinase, stirring the soaked wastes once every 3 days, cleaning the agricultural wastes after one month, drying the agricultural wastes in the sun and crushing the agricultural wastes to obtain a plant fermentation product;
2) selecting and transplanting seedlings: selecting rhododendron cutting seedlings with good root system conditions, pruning until the plant heights are consistent, completely digging the root systems, transplanting, thoroughly watering with a treating agent after transplanting, spraying a bacteria toxin clear solution on leaf surfaces once, placing the flowerpot in a natural illumination environment, controlling the temperature at 25 ℃ and the relative humidity at 60%, and keeping the matrix wet all the time after transplanting;
treating agent: according to the weight parts, 15 parts of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, 15 parts of naphthol, 30 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 40 parts of urea and 1000 parts of self-made irrigation water;
3) illumination management: 10 in summer: 00am to 5: the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is adjusted to 70% by 00pm, and the sunshade net is used in autumn 10: 00am to 4: the shading rate of the shading net is adjusted to 50% by 00 pm;
4) watering and fertilizing: self-made irrigation water is used for thoroughly watering every 2-3 days in spring and autumn for 1 time, watering is respectively carried out for 1 time in the morning and at the evening in 6-9 months, and water is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the rhododendron at noon; adopting a light fertilizer application method, irrigating once per week by using nutrient solution for 3-5 months, and irrigating once per week by using nutrient solution for 9 months, wherein 50-80mL of nutrient solution is irrigated each time;
the preparation method of the self-made irrigation water comprises the following steps: adding bamboo vinegar solution and 13X zeolite into tap water, stirring for adsorption, filtering to remove zeolite, adjusting pH to 5.0 with pH regulator, standing in the sun, and solarizing for 4 days to obtain self-made irrigation water;
the nutrient solution is prepared by mixing 20 parts of urea, 15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of borax, 15 parts of bean cakes, 5 parts of chelated iron, 5 parts of manganese sulfate, 3 parts of zinc sulfate and 2000 parts of self-made irrigation water in parts by weight;
5) trimming and shaping: and timely removing overgrown branch buds and lean branch buds in the growing period, pruning the tree shape of the rhododendron, controlling the height to be 40-55cm, and rejuvenating the tree body to obtain the potted rhododendron with stable tree shape.
Example 3:
a method for cultivating a new variety of rhododendron includes matrix preparation, seedling selection and transplanting, illumination management, watering and fertilizing, trimming and shaping, and comprises the following specific steps:
1) preparing a matrix: uniformly mixing 10 parts of peat, 20 parts of plant fermentation product, 10 parts of perlite, 5 parts of locust bean gum and AH-106X10 parts, adjusting the pH value to 5.0 by using a pH regulator consisting of 2.5% acetic acid and sodium acetate, filling the mixture into a flowerpot to obtain a culture medium, then scattering sulfur powder with the weight of 1/10 culture medium on the culture medium, uniformly stirring, and standing for 1 day for rhododendron cultivation;
the preparation method of the plant fermentation product comprises the following steps: crushing agricultural wastes such as wheat straws, corn straws, bamboo wood, winter cherry, purslane, tomatoes, yellow peaches, dry branches and fallen leaves and the like to 3-5mm in length, putting the crushed agricultural wastes into a fermentation tank, composting and immersing the crushed agricultural wastes by using an impregnation liquid inoculated with cellulase and pectinase, stirring the soaked wastes once every 3 days, cleaning the agricultural wastes after one month, drying the agricultural wastes in the sun and crushing the agricultural wastes to obtain a plant fermentation product;
2) selecting and transplanting seedlings: selecting rhododendron cutting seedlings with good root system conditions, pruning until the plant heights are consistent, completely digging the root systems, transplanting, thoroughly watering with a treating agent after transplanting, spraying a bacteria toxin clear solution on leaf surfaces once, placing the flowerpot in a natural illumination environment, controlling the temperature at 20-28 ℃, controlling the relative humidity at 50-70%, and keeping the matrix wet all the time after transplanting;
treating agent: according to the weight parts, 15 parts of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, 28 parts of naphthol, 50 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 50 parts of urea and 1000 parts of self-made irrigation water;
3) illumination management: 10 in summer: 00am to 5: the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is adjusted to 70% by 00pm, and the sunshade net is used in autumn 10: 00am to 4: the shading rate of the shading net is adjusted to 50% by 00 pm;
4) watering and fertilizing: self-made irrigation water is used for thoroughly watering every 2-3 days in spring and autumn for 1 time, watering is respectively carried out for 1 time in the morning and at the evening in 6-9 months, and water is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the rhododendron at noon; adopting a light fertilizer application method, irrigating once per week by using nutrient solution for 3-5 months, and irrigating once per week by using nutrient solution for 9 months, wherein 50-80mL of nutrient solution is irrigated each time;
the preparation method of the self-made irrigation water comprises the following steps: adding bamboo vinegar solution and 13X zeolite into tap water, stirring for adsorption, filtering to remove zeolite, adjusting pH to 4.5-5.5 with pH regulator, standing in the sun in the open air, and solarizing for 3-5 days to obtain self-made irrigation water;
the nutrient solution is prepared by mixing 20 parts of urea, 15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of borax, 15 parts of bean cakes, 5 parts of chelated iron, 5 parts of manganese sulfate, 3 parts of zinc sulfate and 2000 parts of self-made irrigation water in parts by weight;
5) trimming and shaping: and timely removing overgrown branch buds and lean branch buds in the growing period, pruning the tree shape of the rhododendron, controlling the height to be 40-55cm, and rejuvenating the tree body to obtain the potted rhododendron with stable tree shape.
Comparative example 1:
in the step of preparing the matrix, the novel rhododendron variety is cultured by using the conventional matrix, the pH value is still adjusted to be between 4.5 and 5.5, and the rest part is completely consistent with that of the example 2.
Comparative example 2:
in the seedling selecting and transplanting step, 5-oxindole-3-acetic acid and naphthol are not used, and the rest parts are completely consistent with those in the example 2.
Comparative example 3:
in the watering and fertilizing steps, clear water is used for watering, and the rest parts are completely consistent with those in the example 2.
Comparative example 4:
in the watering and fertilizing steps, 0.1% ferrous sulfate solution is used for watering, and the rest parts are completely consistent with example 2.
Example 4:
and (3) carrying out a matrix test in early 3 months in 2017, placing the matrix test in a shed of a base, carrying out field cultivation management according to a daily mode, measuring the plant height, the canopy width, the branch number, chlorophyll and leaf area in 7 months in 2018, and carrying out data analysis.
The growth indexes of the rhododendrons were measured by setting example 2 as a test group and setting comparative examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 as a control group 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, and the substrate pH and the leaf growth were measured once in 2017, 8, 2018, 1 and 2018, 6, respectively, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
The detection method of each data comprises the following steps: each trait was measured for 10 groups of values, the maximum and minimum values were removed and the average was taken.
Plant height: measuring the height from the base to the top of the plant on the ground by using a measuring tape;
crown width: mean of plant orthogonal diameters;
the number of branches: the number of branches of the plant is more than 10 cm;
chlorophyll: portable chlorophyll meter SPAD-502 measures the value of the leaf (avoiding the leaf margin and veins);
leaf area: and picking the uniform and consistent numerical values of the blades measured by a blade area meter.
pH value: referring to the analysis method and the steps in the determination (LY/T1239-1999) of the forest soil pH value in the forestry industry standard of the people's republic of China, 100cm is used3The pH value of the matrix is measured by a ring cutter method, and 3 data of each group of matrix are carried out to obtain an average value.
The growth condition of the leaves: visual inspection was carried out.
TABLE 1 growth indices of Rhododendron
| Group of | Plant height/cm | Crown width/cm | Number of branches/number | chlorophyll/SPAD | Leaf area/mm2 |
| Test group | 45 | 44 | 28 | 51 | 518 |
| Control group 1 | 38 | 33 | 21 | 40 | 405 |
| Control group 2 | 35 | 32 | 20 | 41 | 408 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the plant height, the crown width, the branch number, the chlorophyll and the leaf area data of the test group are all higher than those of the control group 1, which shows that the matrix formed by mixing peat, plant fermentation product, perlite, locust bean gum and AH-106X has good promotion effect on the growth of new variety of rhododendron, can effectively improve the growth indexes of crown width, leaf area and the like of rhododendron, and prompts that the matrix formed by mixing peat, plant fermentation product, perlite, locust bean gum and AH-106X has good water and fertilizer retention and slow release effects. The plant height, the crown width, the branch number, the chlorophyll and the leaf area of the test group are all higher than those of the control group 2, which shows that the combined use of the indole-3-acetic acid and the naphthol in the treating agent has good promotion effect on the growth of new rhododendron variety, can effectively improve the growth indexes of crown width, leaf area and the like of the rhododendron, and prompts the combined use of the indole-3-acetic acid and the naphthol in the treating agent of the invention to have good rooting and growth promotion effects.
TABLE 2 substrate pH and Rhododendron leaf growth
As can be seen from Table 2, the growth conditions of the leaves of the test group are better than those of the control group 3 and the control group 4, the pH value of the test group is always maintained between 4.5 and 5.5, the leaves fluctuate slightly between 4.9 and 5.1, the leaves are always dark green, and the leaves do not turn yellow or fall off, which shows that the self-made irrigation water of the invention well maintains the pH value of the matrix, and the growth promotion effect of the self-made irrigation water of the invention on rhododendron is larger than the promotion effect of ferrous sulfate solution and clear water of 0.1 percent on rhododendron; the increase of the pH values of the control group 3 and the control group 4 in different degrees and the yellowing of the leaves in different degrees indicate that the continuous irrigation of 0.1 percent ferrous sulfate solution and clear water changes the pH value of the substrate and is not beneficial to the growth of rhododendron; the pH value of the control group 3 is increased more than that of the control group 4, the leaf of the control group 3 is yellowed in 8 months in 2017, the leaf falls off completely in 6 months in 2018, the plant dies, while the leaf of the control group 4 slowly turns yellow but does not die, which shows that the 0.1% ferrous sulfate solution is better than that of clear water, the pH of the substrate can be maintained to a certain extent, but the healthy growth of a new variety of rhododendron cannot be achieved.
Conventional operations in the operation steps of the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein.
The embodiments described above are intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modification, supplement or similar substitution made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for cultivating a new variety of rhododendron comprises the steps of matrix preparation, seedling selection and transplanting, illumination management, watering and fertilizing, and pruning and shaping, wherein the matrix preparation step comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing peat, plant fermentation product, perlite, locust bean gum and AH-106X, adjusting pH with pH regulator, filling into a flowerpot to obtain culture medium, spreading sulfur powder on the culture medium, stirring, and standing for azalea culture;
the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of peat, 10-20 parts of plant fermentation product, 5-10 parts of perlite, 2-5 parts of locust bean gum and AH-106X5-10 parts; the pH regulator consists of acetic acid with the mass concentration of 2.5% and sodium acetate, and the pH value is regulated to be between 4.5 and 5.5;
the seedling selecting and transplanting steps are as follows: selecting cutting seedlings of rhododendron with good root system conditions, pruning until the plant heights are consistent, completely digging the root systems, transplanting, thoroughly watering with a treating agent after transplanting, and spraying a bacterial toxin clear solution on leaf surfaces for one time; the treating agent comprises: 2-30 parts of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, 2-30 parts of naphthol, 10-50 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 20-50 parts of urea and 1000 parts of self-made irrigation water;
the watering and fertilizing steps are as follows: self-made irrigation water is used for thoroughly watering every 2-3 days in spring and autumn for 1 time, watering is respectively carried out for 1 time in the morning and at the evening in 6-9 months, and water is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the rhododendron at noon; adopting a light fertilizer application method, irrigating once per week by using nutrient solution for 3-5 months, and irrigating once per week by using nutrient solution for 9 months, wherein 50-80mL of nutrient solution is irrigated each time;
the preparation method of the self-made irrigation water comprises the following steps: adding bamboo vinegar solution and 13X zeolite into tap water, stirring for adsorption, filtering to remove zeolite, adjusting pH to 4.5-5.5 with pH regulator, standing in the sun in the open air, and solarizing for 3-5 days to obtain self-made irrigation water.
2. The method for cultivating a novel variety of rhododendron as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the plant fermentation product comprises the following steps: pulverizing agricultural wastes such as wheat straw, corn straw, bamboo, physalis alkekengi, purslane, tomato, yellow peach and dry branches and fallen leaves to 3-5mm, putting into a fermentation tank, composting and immersing by using a steeping liquor inoculated with cellulase and pectinase, stirring once every 3 days, cleaning the agricultural wastes after one month, drying in the sun, and pulverizing to obtain the plant fermentation product.
3. The method for cultivating a novel variety of rhododendron as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the illumination management steps are as follows: the sunshade rate of the sunshade net in summer is adjusted to be 50-70%, and the sunshade rate of the sunshade net in autumn is adjusted to be 20-50%.
4. The method for cultivating a novel variety of rhododendron as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the nutrient solution comprises the following components: according to the parts by weight, 10-20 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3-5 parts of borax, 5-15 parts of bean cake, 3-5 parts of chelated iron, 3-5 parts of manganese sulfate, 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate and 2000 parts of self-made irrigation water 1500-contained material.
5. The method for cultivating a novel variety of rhododendron as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the trimming and shaping steps are as follows: and timely removing overgrown branch buds and lean branch buds in the growing period, pruning the tree shape of the rhododendron, controlling the height to be 40-55cm, and rejuvenating the tree body to obtain the potted rhododendron with stable tree shape.
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