CN105900805B

CN105900805B - Soilless culture technology for peony

Info

Publication number: CN105900805B
Application number: CN201610241709.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王华芳; 高振江; 银雪; 邓舒雨; 修宇; 卜祥潘; 唐文思; 郑瑞丰; 王大鹏; 熊健楠
Original assignee: Beijing Forestry University
Current assignee: Beijing Forestry University
Priority date: 2016-01-18
Filing date: 2016-04-19
Publication date: 2021-06-22
Anticipated expiration: 2036-04-19
Also published as: CN105900805A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of forestry seedling cultivation, and particularly relates to a soilless culture method of peony. The peony plants are subjected to surface disinfection treatment, planted in artificially prepared soilless substrates, watered with nutrient solution for daily management and maintenance, and the plants grow normally under the soilless condition. The invention provides a peony soilless culture substrate, which meets the physical conditions of root growth and development; a nutrient solution for soilless culture of peony meets the chemical conditions of moisture, nutrition, pH and the like required by the growth and development of plants; a daily management and protection method for soilless culture plants of peony, the root system of the plant obtains the optimal proportion of water, air, liquid and nutrition; the fleshy root system generates fibrous roots with absorption function in the soilless culture substrate, solves the key problem of survival of the peony potted plant, and realizes containerized soilless culture.

Description

Soilless culture technology for peony

Technical Field

The invention relates to a peonyPaeonia ostii T. Hong et J. X. Zhang var. lishizheniiB.A. Shen) in a soil-less culture method. In particular to a soilless culture substrate capable of culturing peony in a container, which is a nutrient solution meeting the requirements of nutrient substances and water required by the growth of plants in the container; a pH adjusting method for stabilizing the pH value of the plant root system environment within a certain range; a composite rooting agent for promoting the growth and development of root systems; the process, conditions and steps for cultivating the peony seedlings by using the soilless culture substrate, the nutrient solution and the rooting agent are key technologies for long-term appreciation of indoor cultivation of the peony, overcoming autumn limitation of sowing and transplanting, reducing death of slow seedlings of bare-rooted seedlings, carrying soil germs and the like.

Background

The peony is a traditional famous flower in China, namely a peony 'paeonia ostii' with the academic namePaeonia ostii T. Hong et J. X. Zhang var. lishizhenii B. A. Shen（Paeonia ostii ‘Lishizhenii’) This is Paeoniaceae peony group (Sect. Moutan DC.). The 'Paeonia ostii' has strong stress resistance and wide adaptability; seed propagation and low cost. Long termTherefore, the Paeonia ostii is used as a breeding stock of ornamental peony and medicinal material cultivation, and recently, Paeonia ostii' peony seed oil is found to be rich in alpha-linolenic acid and becomes woody oil tree species capable of producing health-care oil. The paeonia ostii has the advantages of greening and beautifying, the production values of the cortex moutan medicinal material and the edible oil, high output-input ratio, good comprehensive ecological, economic and social benefits, and important practical value and strategic significance.

The soilless culture of the peony is realized by replacing field soil with an artificial culture medium, and an artificially prepared nutrient solution provides inorganic nutrition required by plant growth, so that the soilless culture of the peony is the basis for the peony to enter clean environment culture and appreciation of families of thousands of households. The soilless culture container seedling is also a key technology for solving the problem that the seeding, breeding and transplanting of the peony are severely limited by seasons, generally, the seeding of the peony can be carried out only in autumn, the next spring can germinate and grow, the seeding in other seasons can only germinate in spring every other year, and the land is abandoned for at least one year; the peony seedling transplantation is easy to survive only in autumn, is contrary to the afforestation operation in rainy season, severely limits the production of enterprises, and the seedling transplantation operation of containerized soilless culture does not influence survival at any time and any place, thereby being beneficial to the greening and application and popularization of the peony population. Most of peony seedlings cultivated in the field carry root-knot nematode diseases, bare-rooted seedlings are easy to damage roots and break roots during transplanting and are difficult to survive, seedling root systems are completely protected during transplanting of container seedlings cultivated in a soilless mode, and the risk of death of transplanted slow seedlings and spreading of diseases carrying soil germs are reduced to the greatest extent.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention has the key point that the invention provides a peony soilless seedling culture composite substrate. The substrate is river sand; charcoal, diameter 10-5 mm; ceramsite with the diameter of 2-5 mm; perlite with the diameter of 1-3 mm; the volume ratio is 1-5: 0.5-5: 0.25-2.5: 0.25 to 2.5, and uniformly mixing. It is characterized in that the volume weight of the matrix is 0.32-0.45 g/cm³The saturated water content is 43-65%, the total porosity is 68-88%, the ventilation porosity is 52-88%, the pH is 5.8-7.8, and the cation exchange capacity 253 is 336 mmol/l; the matrix contains charcoal which is used as a component and has the functions of surface physical adsorption and internal substance release, the matrix environment is cleaned, and the solution components are adjusted. The composite matrix is permeable, breathable and fertilizer-retaining, and the root system of the plant grows strongly.

The second main point of the invention is to provide a nutrient solution for soilless culture of peony. The nutrient solution contains KNO per liter₃580-690 mg、Ca (NO₃).4H₂O 827-120 mg、(NH₄)₂H₂PO₄ 105-128 mg、MgSO₄.7SO₄ 466-595 mg；FeSO₄.7H₂O 27.8 - 41.2 mg、EDTA 27.8-47 mg、H₃BO₃ 2.86- 4.27mg、CuSO₄.5H₂O 0.08-0.23 mg、ZnSO₄.7H₂O 0.12-0.39 mg、MnSO₄.4H₂O 1-3.5 mg、H₂MoO₄.4H₂O 0.09-0.26 mg、CoCl₂0.02-0.15mg, 3-10 mmol of 2- (N-morpholine) ethanesulfonic acid (MES), and the balance of water. The pH was adjusted to 5.8-7.52 with 1mol NaOH and HCl (analytical purity, Beijing chemical plant) before the nutrient solution was used.

A more optimized nutrient solution contains Ca (NO)₃)₂.4H₂O 688-847 mg、NH₄NO₃ 90-135 mg、KNO₃450-580 mg、KH₂PO₄ 113-179 mg、MgSO₄.7H₂O453 ion 542 mg; the rest is the same as above.

The nutrient solution is characterized in that the concentration and the proportion of major elements and trace elements in the nutrient solution are suitable for the inorganic nutrient requirement of the growth and development of the peony. The leaves of the plants are dark green and grow vigorously, and the plants watered for a long time with nutrition can continuously and normally finish the life processes of the growth cycle of adults, germination, growth, flowering and fruiting. See example two for relevant indicators of plant growth and development. The pH value of the nutrient solution is kept basically stable, and the pH change value of the nutrient solution is about 1 even if the nutrient solution is diluted by 13 times by using common tap water, so that a stable chemical environment is provided for the growth of plants.

The third point of the invention is to provide a peony rooting agent. Each liter of the aqueous solution contains 80-200mg of indolebutyric acid (IBA), 20-100 mg of chlormequat chloride (CCC), 50-200mg of naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and the balance of water.

The method is characterized in that when the peony is transplanted, the root is soaked or sprayed once to be wet, the peony is irrigated once in autumn until the solution permeates to the periphery of the root system, and the dosage of the solution per plant is 100 plus 300 ml (only the solution permeates to the periphery of the root system); promoting the generation and growth of fibrous roots on the surfaces of the fleshy roots of the peony; the rooting agent can also be used for promoting new rooting and development during plant transplantation to ensure survival.

The invention also provides a key technology for the soilless culture, maintenance and management of the peony. In order to ensure that the prepared nutrient solution does not generate chemical precipitation, the preparation of related chemical reagents follows the following sequence: phosphates, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, trace elements without iron salts, ferric disodium EDTA (chelate of ferrous sulfate and EDTA). The soilless culture substrate parameter measurement is carried out, the pH value of the substrate, the temperature and the salinity (a delta soil analyzer can collect data once) are detected at least once every 7 days, and the pH value of the substrate is adjusted within the range of 5.8-7.5 in time. The temperature of the substrate is 5-15 ℃, and water is temporarily poured once (for sealing water) in winter at the temperature lower than 3 ℃ to prevent cold air from attacking the root. The peony plant used for soilless culture can be seedling of seeding propagation, and can also be seedling of vegetative propagation such as plant division, grafting, cuttage, tissue culture and the like.

Detailed Description

Example one

Preparation of Paeonia ostii soilless culture substrate

River sand, charcoal, perlite and ceramsite are used as raw materials and prepared according to the method of one of the key points of the invention; charcoal, diameter 5, 5-10, 10 mm; ceramsite with the diameter of 2-5 mm; perlite with the diameter of 1-3 mm; the volume ratio is 1: 0.5, and the mixture is mixed evenly (the following substrate formula contains river sand with the ratio, and the river sand is omitted for convenience of description). The parameters of the substrate are 0.320g/cm3 volume weight, 43 percent of saturated water content, 88 percent of total porosity, 78.8 percent of ventilation porosity, 7.52 pH and 306.mmol/l cation exchange capacity, which accord with the characteristic of the invention point I.

The charcoal is common wood, and the dry branches and fallen leaves are fired by a common charcoal kiln; washing with water for 30 minutes until the pH value is reduced to about 7.25; the grain size is 10 mm; 5-10 mm; the application of three grades of 5mm, the charcoal with larger grain diameter is suitable for the soilless culture of more than three-year-old (containing) plants with thick root systems, and the composite substrate consisting of the charcoal with the grain diameter less than or equal to 5mm and the ceramsite is more suitable for the growth of 1-year-old peony plants.

Peony 'Paeonia ostii' (a kind of peony)Paeonia ostii T. Hong et J. X. Zhang var. lishizheniiB.A. Shen) sowing the propagated 1-3-year-old seedlings, soaking the plant root system in water at 50 ℃ for 30 min to prevent the root-knot nematode disease; soaking the rooting agent of the third invention for 15-30 min to induce the formation and growth of new roots (lateral roots, i.e. fibrous roots); planted in the composite substrate, and maintained in a sunlight greenhouse and a field with rain sheltering facilities (rainwater can be collected in summer for daily supplement of moisture of the culture substrate by plants). The plants grow vigorously and develop normally. The leaves are dark green, the chlorophyll content, the stomatal conductance and the net photosynthetic rate are respectively increased by 11 percent, 41 percent and 45 percent compared with the control (the culture medium is river sand), and the activity of the nitrate reductase is reduced by 3 percent; bud early 4 days, flower diameter 22cm (control 18 cm), flowering phase 8.8 + -1.1 days (control 8.5 + -1.0 days); the fresh weight, the root activity and the root Nitrate Reductase Activity (NRA) of the new roots are respectively increased by 10 percent, 3 percent and 15 percent compared with the control. No plant diseases and insect pests are found in the plants cultivated in the soilless mode.

The activity of the peony root system nitrate reductase cultured by the soilless matrix is obviously higher than that of a contrast (p & lt 0.05), which shows that the matrix provides a good rhizosphere environment, the nutrient utilization rate is improved, the net photosynthetic rate of plant leaves is improved, the synthesized organic substance provides carbon sources and energy sources required by NRA, namely the composite matrix is favorable for improving the rhizosphere environment and promoting the life metabolism of plants.

Example two

Paeonia ostii containerized soilless culture nutrient solution irrigating plants

Peony 'Fengdan' (a kind of medicine)Paeonia ostii T. Hong et J. X. Zhang var. lishizheniiB.a. Shen) plants are cultivated in containers, and essential nutrients and moisture are needed for plant growth to ensure that the plants grow normally. The plants are 1-3 year old seedlings, the roots of which are subjected to soil removal and cleaning, are subjected to soilless pot culture according to the method described in the embodiment I, and are watered with the following nutrient solution. Each liter of nutrient solution contains KNO₃ 606 mg、Ca (NO₃).4H₂O 827 mg、(NH4)2H₂PO₄ 115 mg、MgSO₄.7SO₄ 493 mg、FeSO₄.7H₂O 27.8 mg、EDTA 37.2 mg、H₃BO₃ 2.86 mg、CuSO₄.5H₂O 0.08 mg、ZnSO₄.7H₂O 0.22 mg、MnSO₄.4H₂O 2 mg、H₂MoO₄.4H₂O 0.09 mg、CoCl₂0.025 mg of 3mmol of 2- (N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES), the remainder being water, the pH being adjusted to 6.2 with 1mol of NaOH and HCl. Another more optimized nutrient solution formula contains Ca (NO)₃)2.4H₂O 827 mg、NH₄NO₃ 120 mg、KNO₃ 506 mg、KH₂PO₄ 136 mg、MgSO₄.7H₂O493 mg, the other ingredients are as above.

Irrigate 2 times every 7 days until the soil-free substrate is moistened. During the period, the moisture is supplemented to be moist according to the dry and wet condition of the substrate (the field moisture capacity of the substrate is 60-70%). The plant keeps normal growth state, the leaf color is dark green, and the growth vigor is strong. When the nutrient solution is used for irrigating plants, the pH value of the soilless substrate solution phase is relatively stable, and the variation range of the pH value is 7.25-6.25. The physiology or growth and development of the peony plants in the range are normal (the life processes of growth, flowering and fruiting are normally completed).

EXAMPLE III

Paeonia ostii containerized soilless culture root induction

Peony root is fleshy root and is rich in nutrition. The peony plants transferred from the field to the pot cultivation usually depend on the nutrition stored in fleshy roots to maintain the growth and development and complete the flowering process, but the growth vigor gradually declines along with the exhaustion of the nutrition. In order for the potted plant to continue growing normally, new uptake roots must be induced to take place, absorb from the substrate and synthesize new nutrients to the plant for vigorous growth. Peony 'Fengdan' (a kind of medicine)Paeonia ostii T. Hong et J. X. Zhang var. lishizheniiB.A. Shen) 1-3 years of plant roots, cleaning soil, dipping the rooting agent of the third invention point, keeping wet for 30-50 min (the room temperature environment without sunshine can be realized), wherein each liter of water solution of the rooting agent contains 80 mg of IBA, 50 mg of CCC and 50 mg of NAA, wherein the IBA and the NAA are dissolved by a little ethanol, and the rest is water. Pressing and compactingSoilless culture was performed in example 1, and nutrient solution irrigation was performed as in example 2. The rooting agent with the formula is newly prepared by irrigating once in autumn. The external morphology of the root system was observed and microdissection was performed to obtain the newly grown lateral roots, i.e., fibrous root system, which grew vigorously and extended into the matrix (shown in FIG. 2).

The influence of the peony rooting agent on the plant growth and development traits is subjected to rooting induction and root dissection analysis by using five soilless culture substrates. Charcoal (particle size 5 mm); ceramsite; perlite; charcoal and ceramsite (1: 1, volume ratio); perlite and ceramsite (1: 1, volume ratio); control (river sand). The diameters of the perlite and the ceramsite are respectively 5mm and 8-10 mm. On the horizontal and vertical micro-anatomy structure chart of peony new-born apical cells cultivated without soil, the aperture size and the number of the conduit and the sieve tube in the secondary vascular tissue have no obvious difference with the contrast. The rooting agent provided by the invention has the advantages that the growth and development mode of the cultivated plant is not changed, namely the genetic character of the plant is not influenced, and the plant morphogenesis is promoted or induced.

The rooting agent can also be used for promoting the development of a new root system when the bare-rooted seedlings of the plants are transplanted. The Paeonia ostii seedling used in the embodiment is a 2-year bare-rooted seedling, the rooting agent is sprayed on the root of the plant in spring (the peony is easy to survive in autumn, and is selected to be carried out in spring for eliminating the influence of season beneficial factors) until the surface of the root system is wet, and the aqueous solution of the rooting agent on the surface of the root system of the plant is naturally dried (30 min is needed for no sunshine). The composite substrate is river sand; charcoal, diameter 10-5 mm; ceramsite with the diameter of 2-5 mm; perlite with the diameter of 1-3 mm; the volume ratio is 1: 0.5, the mixture is mixed evenly to replace soil, and the soil is used as a reference for comparison test. The peony plants treated by the rooting agent are respectively planted in the composite matrix and the soil under the same conditions, and are managed and maintained under the same conditions. The plants cultivated by the composite substrate are induced to obtain new root systems, and about 80 percent of the plants cultivated by the soil are induced to obtain new root systems.

In this example, peony 'paeonia ostii' was used as an experimental material. Other peony materials, such as 'star', 'wengong' and 'zhao powder', etc. have similar effects.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the root growth of peony in A wood charcoal, B ceramic, D wood charcoal ceramic perlite, E perlite ceramic and F contrast (river sand). FIG. 2 is a view showing the microdissection structure of root system and stem segment of peony cultivated in A wood charcoal, B ceramic particle, D wood charcoal ceramic particle perlite, E perlite ceramic particle and F contrast (river sand) (10 x 2.5).

Claims

1. A soilless culture method for peony comprises the following steps:

a) planting 1-3 year-old seedling plants in a soilless culture substrate in a container;

b) the nutrient solution is used for supplying nutrition and water to plants;

c) the plants are maintained and managed, and the plant is maintained and managed,

wherein a rooting agent is used, which comprises 80-200mg of indolebutyric acid, 50-200mg of chlormequat chloride, 50-200mg of naphthylacetic acid and the balance of water per liter of aqueous solution,

wherein the soilless culture substrate is river sand; charcoal, diameter 10-5 mm; ceramsite with the diameter of 2-5 mm; perlite with the diameter of 1-3 mm; the volume ratio is 1-5: 0.5-5: 0.25-2.5: 0.25 to 2.5, and uniformly mixing;

the nutrient solution contains Ca (NO) per liter₃)₂·4H₂O 688-847mg、NH₄NO₃90-135mg、KNO₃ 450-580mg、KH₂PO₄ 113-179mg、MgSO₄·7H₂O 453-542mg；FeSO₄·7H₂O 27.8-41.2mg、EDTA 27.8-47mg、H₃BO₃ 2.86-4.27mg、CuSO₄·5H₂O 0.08-0.23mg、ZnSO₄·7H₂O 0.12-0.39mg、MnSO₄·4H₂O 1-3.5mg、H₂MoO₄·4H₂O 0.09-0.26mg、CoCl₂0.02-0.15mg, and the balance of water,

wherein 2- (N-morpholine) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) and NaOH and HCl with the concentration of 1mol are added into the nutrient solution, the pH value of the nutrient solution is adjusted to about 5.8,

wherein the peony is paeonia ostii.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the rooting agent is applied 1 time each in the early stage of plant transplantation and in autumn, and the plants are irrigated with the nutrient solution at other times.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the plant is grown at an ambient temperature of 5 ℃ to 25 ℃ and the container is filled with at least one pour of frozen water at a temperature below 3 ℃ prior to winter.