CN109618870B - Culture soil for transplanting flowers or trees and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Culture soil for transplanting flowers or trees and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109618870B CN109618870B CN201910085685.7A CN201910085685A CN109618870B CN 109618870 B CN109618870 B CN 109618870B CN 201910085685 A CN201910085685 A CN 201910085685A CN 109618870 B CN109618870 B CN 109618870B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses culture soil which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-92 parts of garden soil, 1-10 parts of pretreated water-absorbent resin composite particles, 0.1-6 parts of betaine, 0.1-5 parts of betaine derivatives, 1-20 parts of nutritional ingredients and 0.3-8 parts of auxiliary agents. The culture soil provided by the invention can be used for culturing flowers or trees after transplantation, is rich in various mineral nutrients, is loose and ventilated, and has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity. In addition, because the betaine and the derivatives thereof are added into the culture soil, the culture soil has the capability of improving the drought resistance, cold resistance and other stress resistance of the plants, and further improves the survival rate of the plants after transplantation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flower plant seedling culture, and particularly relates to culture soil for flower or tree transplanting and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The flower planting can beautify the environment and cultivate sentiment, and along with the continuous improvement of the requirements of people on the living environment, the indoor and outdoor flower planting becomes a preference of many people. The flower varieties are complex, and the flower varieties have the varieties which are easy to survive and the varieties which are relatively delicate and difficult to survive. Of course, for a variety of reasons, there are expensive flowers and also cheaper flowers that are found everywhere in avenues and alleys. No matter which kind of flowers are cultivated, the soil is particularly important, but for the fans who cultivate flowers indoors, as high-rise building groups in cities are more and more, the ground of living areas is provided with green belts, and the sources of soil for growing flowers are less. In addition, even if the soil can be taken, the quality is not good due to more construction and domestic garbage, so that the soil is not suitable for growing flowers. In order to solve the problem, small-package nutrient soil is sold in the flower market, but the small-package nutrient soil has single nutrient components, can emit peculiar smell and is not suitable for indoor flower cultivation.
Secondly, the fertilizer components and the water content in the soil also influence the growth of flowers. At present, most of flower potted plants mainly supplement nutrients by using flower fertilizers, are inconvenient to use and have low fertilizer efficiency. In addition, as people work and live busy, no special energy and time are provided for watering and fertilizing, and the phenomenon of poor growth condition of the potted plant is caused to commonly occur. Therefore, there is a need for a culture soil with comprehensive nutrients and water and fertilizer retention functions, which not only provides convenience for flower-growing enthusiasts, but also improves the survival rate of transplanted flowers and provides nutrients for the subsequent growth of the flowers.
Patent document CN103420735A discloses a composite nutrient soil, which is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 75-85% of deep soil matrix, 10-20% of urea, 2-8% of calcium superphosphate, 1-3% of potassium sulfate, 0.1-0.3% of rooting powder and 50-10% of total mass of plant ash; the deep soil is taken out from the earth surface for at least 10 m, and the deep soil matrix is obtained by rolling the deep soil after the deep soil is irradiated by sunlight for 5-10 days, crushing and sieving to remove broken stones. The deep soil is complex in acquisition process and high in cost. Therefore, deep soil is not a great advantage as a substrate of nutrient soil.
Patent document CN105418241A discloses a nutrient soil for potted plants, which comprises 55-60 parts of leaf mold, 5-7 parts of diammonium phosphate, 6-8 parts of grass ash, 6-10 parts of rotten bark, 4-6 parts of slaked lime, 4-6 parts of rotten chicken manure, 8-12 parts of sea sand and 1-2 parts of phosphogypsum. The preparation method of the nutrient soil is to mix soil and nutrient substances simply by stirring, so that the prepared nutrient substances of the soil can easily flow away with watering or rainwater, and the fertilizer retention capability is weak.
Patent document CN106146117A discloses an indoor flower moisturizing nutrient soil, the key points of the technical scheme are: the indoor flower moisturizing nutrient soil is composed of river pond sludge, rice chaff ash, bean curd residue, attapulgite clay, bentonite, quartz sand, potassium permanganate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, sulfur, 45% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and super absorbent resin. The super absorbent resin is added to further increase the moisture retention performance of the nutrient soil, but the super absorbent resin causes the problem of poor soil air permeability.
Any plant inherently has the ability to adapt to stress, known as plant resistance. When the conditions around plants, such as climate, soil, water nutrition supply and the like, change, the damage of drought, over-humidity, flooding, salt and alkali, high temperature, low temperature, frost and the like is often formed, the restoration capability of the plants is enhanced under the adverse conditions, such as the generation of substances with strong reducing power and proteins with strong hydrophobicity through metabolism, the expansion of the reversible range of protein denaturation, the enhancement of membrane lipid oxidation resistance, the restoration of an ion pump and the like, and the structural stability of cells is ensured, so that the photosynthesis, respiration, ion balance, enzyme activity and the like keep the balance of normal level and mutual relation under the adverse conditions. Although plants have strong self-protection functions, many plants are still difficult to escape in the harsher external environment.
The environmental landscape can be improved in a short time by the tree transplantation, the functional benefits of the garden trees can be quickly exerted, and particularly, compared with the common tree transplantation, the tree transplantation has the irreplaceability in the aspects of greening and beautifying the key projects and large municipal construction projects. However, the method also has the problems of high cost, low survival rate and the like in the process of transplanting the trees, and the survival rate is only about 40 percent generally. The survival rate of transplanted trees is low, and besides the trees have more branches and leaves and are easy to evaporate and lose water, so that seedling bodies shrink and die, the change of external environment, especially the sudden change of growing soil, is also the main reason of low survival rate of transplanted trees. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a culture soil capable of increasing the survival rate of transplanted trees, wherein the culture soil is rich in nutrient substances and provides nutrition necessary for the growth of trees, and can enhance the drought and cold resistance of trees and increase the survival rate of the trees after transplantation.
Patent document CN107047121A discloses a nutrient soil for landscaping and municipal afforestation, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of leaf mold, 10-30 parts of mountain mud, 3-15 parts of chicken manure, 10-25 parts of sawdust and 2-10 parts of fenugreek. The nutrient soil is rich in organic fertilizers, but only provides fertilizers for plants, and has no influence on the resistance of the plants and the improvement of the transplanting survival rate.
Most of nutrient soil in the prior art is prepared by mechanically stirring and uniformly mixing soil and nutrient substances, and although the nutrient soil can provide nutrient substances for the growth of plants, under adverse conditions, such as drought, low temperature or high temperature and other environmental stresses, the survival rate is low or the growth state is not as expected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides culture soil for transplanting flowers or trees, which is rich in various mineral nutrients, is loose and ventilated and has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity. In addition, because the betaine and the derivatives thereof are added into the culture soil, the culture soil has the capability of improving the drought resistance, cold resistance, high temperature resistance and other stress resistance of the plants, thereby improving the survival rate of the plants after transplantation and improving the growth state after transplantation.
The invention also provides the culture soil for transplanting the flowers or the trees and a preparation method thereof, wherein the culture soil is treated by a specific treatment method.
Betaine is a quaternary ammonium alkaloid containing carboxyl, and is widely distributed in plants, animals, bacteria and fungi. Betaine is an important non-toxic osmotic adjusting substance in higher plants, has the function of stabilizing the structure and the function of biomacromolecules, particularly can reduce the damage of the structure and the function of cell membranes and proteins under the adverse conditions, and can improve the resistance of the plants when being used for culture soil. In addition, betaine has moisture absorption performance, and can be used as an additive of culture soil to improve the water retention performance of soil.
The invention provides culture soil, which is prepared from raw materials including garden soil, pretreated water-absorbent resin composite particles, betaine derivatives, nutrient components and auxiliaries.
Preferably, the culture soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-92 parts of garden soil, 1-10 parts of pretreated water-absorbent resin composite particles, 0.1-6 parts of betaine, 0.1-5 parts of betaine derivatives, 1-20 parts of nutritional ingredients and 0.3-8 parts of auxiliary agents.
The garden soil is selected from: one or more of loam, clay or sandy soil, wherein the granularity of sand grains in the sandy soil is less than 0.1 cm.
Preferably, the garden soil is selected from the group consisting of loam and clay.
The water-absorbing resin is selected from starch grafted acrylate.
The preparation process of the pretreated water-absorbent resin composite particles is as follows:
1) uniformly premixing starch grafted acrylate water-absorbent resin, composite metal salt, bentonite (or silicon dioxide) particles and hydroxyapatite according to the mass ratio of 1:0.01-0.03:0.5-1:0.1-0.5 to obtain a premix;
2) adding azodiisobutyronitrile as foaming agent in 0.5-1 wt% of the premix, heating to 85-95 deg.c, and foaming and mixing at 0.1-0.3MPa for 30-60min to obtain the composite water-absorbing resin particle.
Wherein, the composite metal salt is at least two selected from nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium salt, such as calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, etc.
The betaine is selected from: one or more of anhydrous betaine, monohydrate betaine, betaine hydrochloride and betaine phosphate.
The betaine derivative is selected from: octyl sulfobetaine, decyl sulfobetaine, 3-sulfopropyl dodecyl dimethyl betaine, tetradecyl sulfobetaine, or hexadecyl sulfobetaine.
The nutrient components are selected from: one or more of peat, coconut chaff, sawdust, leaf of rotten bean curd, lime, bagasse, corncob, urea and potassium phosphate.
Preferably, the nutrient component is selected from the group consisting of peat, coconut husk, wood chips, leaf mold, lime, bagasse, corncob, urea, potassium phosphate.
The auxiliary agent is selected from: one or more of chitosan, acacia and hyaluronic acid.
Preferably, the adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of chitosan and hyaluronic acid in combination.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the culture soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 70-92 parts of garden soil, 2-10 parts of pretreated absorbent resin composite particles, 0.1-6 parts of betaine, 0.1-5 parts of betaine derivatives, 0.1-1 part of peat, 0.2-3 parts of coconut husk, 0.1-4 parts of sawdust, 0.1-5 parts of leaf mold, 0.1-0.2 part of lime, 0.1-3 parts of bagasse, 0.1-3 parts of corncobs, 0.1-0.5 part of urea, 0.1-0.3 part of potassium phosphate, 0.2-3 parts of chitosan, 0-2 parts of Arabic gum and 0.1-3 parts of hyaluronic acid.
More preferably, the culture soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of garden soil, 2-8 parts of pretreated water-absorbent resin composite particles, 1-3 parts of betaine, 0.5-1.5 parts of betaine derivatives, 0.5-1 part of peat, 1-3 parts of coconut husk, 2-4 parts of sawdust, 1-5 parts of leaf of rotten bean, 0.1-0.2 part of lime, 1-3 parts of bagasse, 1-2 parts of corncobs, 0.1-0.3 part of urea, 0.1-0.15 part of potassium phosphate, 0.9-3 parts of chitosan and 1-1.5 parts of hyaluronic acid.
The invention provides a method for preparing culture soil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) sterilizing and deodorizing garden soil, and sieving for later use;
(2) pulverizing the nutritional ingredients for use;
(3) uniformly mixing the garden soil treated in the step (1) and the nutrient components obtained in the step (2) with water with the volume of 1-3 times to prepare a paste mixture;
(4) dissolving the auxiliary agent, betaine and derivatives thereof in a small amount of water, adding into the pasty mixture, and stirring for 0.5-1 h;
(5) drying, adding the pretreated water-absorbent resin composite particles, and uniformly mixing to obtain the culture soil.
Preferably, the method for sterilizing garden soil in the step (1) comprises the following steps: sun exposure, suffocation combined with sun exposure, boiled water sterilization, stir-frying sterilization or sterilizing agent sterilization.
Preferably, the method for deodorizing the garden soil in the step (1) comprises: ventilating and airing for deodorization, deodorization by an adsorption method, deodorization by a microbial method or deodorization by an ozone method.
Preferably, the sieving in the step (1) is selected from 100-200 mesh sieves.
Preferably, the step (2) is pulverized to 200-400 meshes.
Preferably, the drying manner in the step (5) is selected from: one or more of natural drying, vacuum drying, near infrared drying and microwave drying; more preferably, the drying is carried out in vacuum at a temperature of 30 to 50 ℃.
In the invention, the sunshine exposure operation is as follows: spreading the garden soil in the sun for 5-10 days with a thickness of 1-5 cm, and turning the garden soil every 1-2 h.
The specific operations of suffocation and sunshine exposure are as follows: watering the garden soil thoroughly, filtering to remove water, filling the garden soil with black plastic bags, sealing, and insolating in the sun for 5-10 days.
The boiled water sterilization specific operation is as follows: pouring boiling water on the garden soil, repeatedly pouring for 1-3 times, filtering to remove water, and slightly drying until it is dry.
The specific operations of stir-frying and sterilizing are as follows: pouring the garden soil into an iron pan, heating to about 140 ℃, and frying for 30-50 min to achieve the effect of low-temperature sterilization.
The sterilizing agent and the sterilizing method are specifically operated as follows: diluting sterilizing agent 1000 times, applying 5-6 g sterilizing agent according to 100 kg garden soil, spraying onto garden soil, mixing, and sealing with membrane for 2-3 days. The commonly used sterilizing agents include carbendazim, chlorothalonil, fludioxonil, hymexazol, fenaminosulf and the like.
The ventilation, airing and deodorization specific operation comprises the following steps: spreading the garden soil in the sun, ventilating and airing for 5-10 days, wherein the spreading thickness is 1-5 cm, and turning the garden soil every 1-2 h.
The adsorption deodorization operation comprises the following specific steps: putting the activated carbon or the deodorant into the garden soil, and removing the activated carbon or the deodorant after 5-10 days.
The microorganism method has the following specific operation: the active sludge soil microorganisms are mixed into the garden soil and stirred uniformly, so that the effect of deodorization is achieved, and organic substances can be degraded into nutrient substances.
The ozone method is specifically operated as follows: ozone is released by an ozone generator, and the ozone oxidizes the organic waste gas in the garden soil to achieve the aim of deodorization.
The invention provides an application of culture soil in flower or tree transplanting.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: 1, the culture soil is rich in nutrient substances and has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity; 2, betaine and derivatives thereof are added into the culture soil, so that the drought and cold resistance of the plant is improved, and the survival rate of the plant after transplantation is increased; compared with the prior art that the nutrient solution is directly sprayed on the plants, the nutrient solution enables the nutrient components containing the betaine to be attached to the garden soil, and is more beneficial to the growth of the plants.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
All of the starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of culture soil 1
S1: spreading soil 30 parts, clay 45 parts and sandy soil 10 parts as garden soil under the sun for 6 days, wherein the spreading thickness is 3 cm, and turning over once every 2 h to achieve the effects of sterilization and deodorization. And (4) sieving the aired garden soil with a 100-mesh sieve for later use.
S2: 0.1 part of peat, 0.3 part of coconut chaff, 0.5 part of sawdust, 0.5 part of leaf of rotten bean curd, 0.1 part of lime, 0.3 part of bagasse, 0.6 part of corncob, 0.15 part of urea and 0.1 part of potassium phosphate are crushed into 400 meshes of sieve for standby.
S3: adding 2 times volume of water into the garden soil processed in the step S1 and the nutrient components prepared in the step S2, and uniformly mixing to form a pasty mixture.
S4: dissolving 1 part of phosphoric acid betaine, 0.5 part of tetradecyl sulfobetaine, 0.5 part of hexadecyl sulfobetaine, 1 part of chitosan and 1 part of hyaluronic acid with a small amount of water, adding into the pasty mixture, and stirring for 0.5 h.
S5: vacuum drying at 50 deg.C, adding 1 part of pretreated absorbent resin composite particles, mixing, and making into culture soil.
Wherein the pretreated water-absorbent resin composite particles are prepared by the following steps:
1) uniformly premixing starch grafted acrylate water-absorbent resin, calcium superphosphate/potassium sulfate composite metal salt, silica particles and hydroxyapatite according to the mass ratio of 1:0.02:1:0.5 to obtain a premix;
2) adding azodiisobutyronitrile as foaming agent in 0.5 wt% into the premix, heating to 85-95 deg.C, and foaming and mixing under 0.2MPa for 30 min.
The following examples relate to pretreated water-absorbent resin composite particles similar to those of the examples.
EXAMPLE 2 preparation of culture soil 2
S1: 40 parts of loam and 45 parts of clay are used as garden soil to be spread out and exposed in the sun for 6 days, the spreading thickness is 3 cm, and the garden soil is turned over once every 2 hours, so that the effects of sterilization and deodorization are achieved. And (4) sieving the aired garden soil with a 100-mesh sieve for later use.
S2: 0.5 part of peat, 1 part of coconut chaff, 2 parts of sawdust, 1 part of leaf of rotten bean curd, 0.1 part of lime, 1 part of bagasse, 1 part of corncob, 0.1 part of urea and 0.1 part of potassium phosphate are crushed to 400 meshes for later use.
S3: adding 2 times volume of water into the garden soil processed in the step S1 and the nutrient components prepared in the step S2, and uniformly mixing to form a pasty mixture.
S4: dissolving anhydrous betaine 2 parts, 3-sulfopropyl dodecyl dimethyl betaine 0.5 parts, hexadecyl sulfobetaine 0.5 parts, chitosan 1 parts, acacia gum 0.5 parts, and hyaluronic acid 0.5 parts with a small amount of water, adding into the paste mixture, and stirring for 1 hr.
S5: vacuum drying at 50 deg.C, adding 2 parts of pretreated absorbent resin composite particles, mixing, and making into culture soil.
EXAMPLE 3 preparation of culture soil 3
S1: spreading soil 30 parts and clay 45 parts as garden soil under the sun for 6 days, wherein the spreading thickness is 3 cm, and turning over once every 2 h to achieve the effects of sterilization and deodorization. And (4) sieving the aired garden soil with a 100-mesh sieve for later use.
S2: 1 part of peat, 3 parts of coconut coir, 4 parts of sawdust, 5 parts of leaf of beancurd, 0.2 part of lime, 3 parts of bagasse, 2 parts of corncob, 0.3 part of urea and 0.15 part of potassium phosphate are crushed to 400 meshes for later use.
S3: adding 2 times volume of water into the garden soil processed in the step S1 and the nutrient components prepared in the step S2, and uniformly mixing to form a pasty mixture.
S4: dissolving 2 parts of phosphoric acid betaine, 0.5 part of tetradecyl sulfobetaine, 0.5 part of hexadecyl sulfobetaine, 1 part of chitosan and 1 part of hyaluronic acid by using a small amount of water, adding the obtained solution into the pasty mixture, and stirring for 1 hour.
S5: vacuum drying at 50 deg.C, adding 4 parts of pretreated absorbent resin composite particles, mixing, and making into culture soil.
Comparative example 1 preparation of culture soil 4
The preparation method was the same as example 1 except that no phosphobetaine was added in step S4, and the other preparation raw materials were the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2 preparation of culture soil 5
The preparation method was the same as in example 1 except that the phosphoric acid betaine, tetradecyl sulfobetaine and hexadecyl sulfobetaine were not added in step S4, and the other preparation raw materials were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3 preparation of culture soil 6
The preparation method was the same as in example 1 except that 1 part of chitosan and 1 part of hyaluronic acid were replaced with 2 parts of ordinary methyl silicone resin in step S4, and the other preparation raw materials were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 5 preparation of culture soil 7
The preparation method was the same as example 1 except that chitosan and hyaluronic acid were not added in step S4, and the other preparation raw materials were the same as example 1.
Comparative example 6 preparation of culture soil 8
S1: spreading soil 30 parts and clay 45 parts as garden soil under the sun for 6 days, wherein the spreading thickness is 3 cm, and turning over once every 2 h to achieve the effects of sterilization and deodorization. And (4) sieving the aired garden soil with a 100-mesh sieve for later use.
S2: 1 part of peat, 3 parts of coconut coir, 4 parts of sawdust, 5 parts of leaf of beancurd, 0.2 part of lime, 3 parts of bagasse, 2 parts of corncob, 0.3 part of urea and 0.15 part of potassium phosphate are crushed to 400 meshes for later use.
S3: and (3) uniformly mixing the garden soil treated in the step (S1) and the nutrient components prepared in the step (S2), adding 2 parts of phosphoric acid betaine, 0.5 part of tetradecyl sulphobetaine, 0.5 part of hexadecyl sulphobetaine, 1 part of chitosan and 1 part of hyaluronic acid, pretreating 1 part of the water-absorbent resin composite particles, and uniformly stirring to prepare the culture soil.
Comparative example 7 preparation of nutrient solution
S1: 1 part of peat, 3 parts of coconut coir, 4 parts of sawdust, 5 parts of leaf of beancurd, 0.2 part of lime, 3 parts of bagasse, 2 parts of corncob, 0.3 part of urea and 0.15 part of potassium phosphate are crushed to 400 meshes for later use.
S2: and (4) adding water with the volume being 4 times that of the nutrient component prepared in the step (S1) into 2 parts of phosphoric acid betaine, 0.5 part of tetradecyl sulfobetaine, 0.5 part of hexadecyl sulfobetaine, 1 part of chitosan and 1 part of hyaluronic acid, and uniformly mixing to form the nutrient solution.
Effect example 1 Water and Fertilizer retention ability test of culture soil
The transplanted plants: the clove sapling, about 40-50 cm in height, is purchased from a certain flower market.
Transplanting the clove tree seedlings into flowerpots with proper sizes, and dividing the clove tree seedlings into 9 groups, wherein each group comprises 3 pots.
The soil in the pots was from 1 to 8 culture soils prepared according to the present invention, and another set of pot soil was taken from soil near the experimental site. Watering each pot of clove tree seedlings according to the maintenance habit after the plants are transplanted, wherein the number of watering bodies of each pot of flowers is the same in order to keep a single variable. The water is watered once every 5 days, 300 mL of water is watered every time, and the water is watered for 6 times.
As the culture soil prepared by the invention is already attached with rich nutrient substances, the clove saplings are not fertilized in the whole experimental process. And sampling soil in 9 groups of flowerpots after one month, sampling by adopting multipoint sampling, and taking samples in different directions and depths of the flowerpots as much as possible. Mixing the samples, removing excessive parts by quartering method, removing impurities such as dead branches, fallen leaves, residual roots, and stone, and grinding soil if necessary to obtain the sample to be analyzed. And respectively measuring the water content of the soil and the nitrate nitrogen of the soil.
1, measuring the water content of soil, comprising the following operation steps:
(1) the aluminum box was wiped clean and weighed on a balance and recorded as W0；
(2) Placing about 5 g of the fresh soil sample with impurities removed into an aluminum box, weighing the fresh soil sample together with the aluminum box, and recording the weight as W1；
(3) Sucking 5-10 ml of burning alcohol (over-wet soil sample height limit) by a suction pipe and adding into an aluminum boxMixing with soil, igniting, adding 5 ml alcohol after flame is extinguished, weighing on balance after flame is extinguished and cooled, and recording as W2；
(4) And (4) calculating a result: soil water content (%) = (W)2－W0)/( W1－W0)×100%。
2, determination of soil nitrate nitrogen (acetic acid-nitric acid test powder colorimetry) based on the following principle: under acidic condition, zinc in nitric acid test powder and hydrogen released by citric acid crops convert NO3Reduction to NO2-, these NO2Together with small amounts of NO originally in the soil2First with sulfanilic acid to give diazo compounds, which are then reacted with a-naphthylamine to give red azo dyes.
The depth of red is in proportion to the content of nitrate nitrogen in a certain range.
The acetic acid-nitric acid test powder colorimetric method comprises the following operation steps:
(1) respectively sucking 1, 2 and 4 drops of mixed standard liquid containing 2 ppm and 16 ppm of nitrate nitrogen by a dropper, and sequentially dropping the mixed standard liquid into a white porcelain reaction disc;
(2) supplementing distilled water to 4 drops, and stirring to obtain standard solutions containing nitrate nitrogen 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 ppm;
(3) sucking 4 drops of culture soil leachate into a white porcelain reaction disc;
(4) adding 4 drops of 60% acetic acid respectively, and stirring evenly;
(5) adding a spoon of nitric acid test powder (mung bean size), stirring, and performing color comparison with standard color scale within 5-20 min;
(6) and (4) calculating a result: soil nitrate nitrogen content = reading × 5 (ppm).
The nitric acid test powder can identify whether nitrate exists, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: A. weighing 4.0 g of sulfanilic acid, 2.0 g of menaphthylamine and 150 g of citric acid, grinding, uniformly mixing, and preventing moisture and light; B. zinc powder: MnSO4= 1: 1, grinding and uniformly mixing; a and B are mixed according to the weight ratio of 15: 1 mixing to obtain nitric acid test powder.
The method for preparing the culture soil leachate comprises the following steps: 5 g of soil sample is weighed by a balance with the sensing quantity of 1/10, the soil sample is put into a 30 mL triangular flask, 25 mL of 0.5 equivalent of sodium bicarbonate is added into a measuring cylinder, and the temperature of the leaching liquor is kept at about 20 ℃. For decolorizing, activated carbon can be added, shaken vigorously for 3 min, and then shaken again after standing for 5 min. The solution was filtered through a funnel and the solution was filtered into a small beaker to form a soil extract.
The soil samples obtained by the detection method are respectively taken from flowerpots transplanted with clove tree seedlings, and are respectively culture soil 1-8 and common soil.
The results of the soil water content and soil nitrate nitrogen measurements are shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 soil moisture content and nitrate nitrogen test results
| Group of | Water content of soil | Content of nitrate nitrogen in soil |
| Culture soil 1 | 15.5±0.9% | 6.5±0.4 ppm |
| Culture soil 2 | 17.2±0.1% | 11.9±0.2 ppm |
| Culture soil 3 | 19.5±0.3% | 13.4±0.1 ppm |
| Culture soil 4 | 13.0±0.2% | 8.6±0.7 ppm |
| Culture soil 5 | 11.9±0.7% | 8.1±0.3 ppm |
| Culture soil 6 | 12.9±0.2% | 7.2±0.1 ppm |
| Culture soil 7 | 12.3±0.5% | 7.7±0.3 ppm |
| Culture soil 8 | 11.1±0.6% | 6.8±0.6 ppm |
| Common soil | 9.3±0.1% | 4.6±0.7 ppm |
According to the results of the soil water content comparison, the water retention capacity of the culture soil 1-8 prepared by the invention is improved compared with that of the common soil, wherein the water retention capacity of the culture soil 3 is strongest. Experimental data prove that the soil containing betaine and derivatives thereof has the strongest water-retaining capacity in the presence of the composite resin particles.
The detection result of the nitrate nitrogen content in the soil is equivalent to the trend change of the water content, and compared with the common soil, the nitrate nitrogen content of the culture soil prepared by the method is improved, wherein the culture soil 3 is the highest, because the culture soil 3 contains betaine and derivatives thereof and has moderate nutrient content, the auxiliary agent can enhance the adhesive force of each component on soil particles, and further the nutrient loss is slow. The content of nitrate nitrogen in the culture soil without betaine and derivatives thereof is reduced, but the content of nitrate nitrogen in the culture soil with changed components of the auxiliary agent is reduced more obviously, because the auxiliary agent can increase the adhesion of nutrient substances and the culture soil. The lower nitrate nitrogen content of the culture soil prepared directly by mechanical stirring is probably caused by uneven distribution of nutrient components in the pot soil. In conclusion, the additives interact with each other and supplement each other, and finally the effects of water retention and fertilizer retention of the culture soil are realized.
Effect example 2 plant resistance test
The transplanted plants: gardenia seedlings, about 20-25 cm in height, were purchased from a certain flower market.
Transplanting the gardenia seedlings into flowerpots with proper sizes, and dividing the seedlings into 9 groups of 40 pots. The soil in the pots was from 1 to 8 culture soils prepared according to the present invention, and another set of pot soil was taken from soil near the experimental site. According to the maintenance habit after the plant transplantation, the number of watering water volumes per pot is the same in order to maintain a single variable, wherein the 9 th group of flowers are watered with the same volume of the nutrient solution prepared in comparative example 7. The experiments are all carried out in the greenhouse, the experimental area is in the middle of the greenhouse, and the environmental conditions such as the environmental temperature, the environmental humidity and the like are uniform and consistent. Dividing the 9 groups of flowers into two groups, each group comprises 20 pots, respectively manufacturing drought stress and low-temperature stress on the transplanted gardenia seedlings, counting the survival rate of each group after 40 days, setting blank control, namely transplanting the gardenia seedlings in common soil without any treatment.
Drought stress: according to the normal maintenance habit of gardenia, water should be watered every 1-2 days in spring, once in the 6 th, 14 th, 26 th and 40 th days under drought stress, and is not watered in the rest time, and the gardenia is cultured in a greenhouse.
Low-temperature stress: all gardenias that carry out low temperature and coerce are cultivated in a pot, cultivate in warmhouse booth daytime, 20 at night: 00 to the next morning 8: 00 are moved to a greenhouse outside a large pot for culture, and the temperature is 1-9 ℃ in the local spring at night (the proper growth temperature of gardenia is 16-20 ℃).
After 40 days, the survival rate of the transplanted gardenia is counted, and the results are shown in the following table.
TABLE 2 survival rate of transplanted gardenia
According to the recorded gardenia survival rate data, the survival rate of the treated culture soil including the nutrient solution applied is higher than that of the blank control under drought stress or low temperature stress, so that the survival rate of the transplanted gardenia seedlings under normal conditions is low under the drought or low temperature environment.
The survival rate of gardenia after transplantation of the culture soils 4 and 5 was the lowest in the above experimental group, and the culture soil 4 did not contain betaine but contained a betaine derivative and the culture soil 5 did not contain both, compared with other groups, thereby proving that betaine and its derivatives are related to drought and cold resistance of gardenia. The reason for the analysis is probably because betaine has the function of stabilizing the structure and the function of the biomacromolecule, and the betaine can reduce the damage of the structure and the function of cell membranes and proteins under the adverse conditions. Betaine is used in the culture soil, so that the betaine is absorbed by plants through roots and plays a role in protecting the plants when drought or low-temperature stress is met.
The survival rate of the culture soil 6-8 is reduced compared with that of the culture soil 3, which shows that the auxiliary agent and the processing method of the culture soil both have influence on the effect of the final culture soil, and the auxiliary agent can keep stronger adhesion between each nutrient component of the betaine agent and culture soil particles and is not easy to rapidly run off along with external factors such as watering and the like. Simple mechanical mixing does not achieve the effects of uniform and strong adhesion, and the like, and thus the effects are weakened when drought and cold are resisted.
In conclusion, the betaine and the derivatives thereof, the nutritional ingredients and the auxiliary agents in proper mass parts are used as additives, and the additives are uniformly mixed with the garden soil and then dried in a vacuum drying mode to prepare the culture soil which has more remarkable effects in assisting the plants in resisting drought and cold.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The culture soil for transplanting flowers or trees is characterized in that the preparation raw materials of the culture soil comprise: garden soil, pretreated absorbent resin composite particles, betaine derivatives, nutrient components and auxiliaries; the preparation method comprises the following steps of: 70-92 parts of garden soil, 1-10 parts of pretreated water-absorbent resin composite particles, 0.1-6 parts of betaine, 0.1-5 parts of betaine derivatives, 1-20 parts of nutritional ingredients and 0.3-8 parts of auxiliaries;
wherein the garden soil is selected from one or a combination of more than two of loam, clay or sandy soil, wherein the granularity of sand grains in the sandy soil is less than 0.1 cm;
wherein the betaine is selected from one or more of anhydrous betaine, monohydrate betaine, betaine hydrochloride and betaine phosphate; wherein the betaine derivative is selected from: octyl sulfobetaine, decyl sulfobetaine, 3-sulfopropyl dodecyl dimethyl betaine, tetradecyl sulfobetaine or hexadecyl sulfobetaine;
wherein the nutritional ingredients are selected from: one or more of peat, coconut husk, sawdust, leaf of rotten bean, lime, bagasse, corncob, urea and potassium phosphate;
wherein the auxiliary agent is selected from: one or more of chitosan, Arabic gum and hyaluronic acid;
the water-absorbing resin is selected from starch grafted acrylate;
wherein the pretreated water-absorbent resin composite particles are prepared by the following preparation process:
1) uniformly premixing starch grafted acrylate water-absorbent resin, composite metal salt, bentonite or silica particles and hydroxyapatite according to the mass ratio of 1:0.01-0.03:0.5-1:0.1-0.5 to obtain a premix;
2) adding azodiisobutyronitrile as foaming agent in 0.5-1 wt% of the premix, heating to 85-95 deg.c, and foaming and mixing at 0.1-0.3MPa for 30-60min to obtain the composite water-absorbing resin particle.
2. A method for preparing culture soil for transplantation of flowers or trees according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) sterilizing and deodorizing garden soil, and sieving for later use;
(2) pulverizing the nutritional ingredients for use;
(3) uniformly mixing the garden soil treated in the step (1) and the nutrient components obtained in the step (2) with water with the volume or mass being 1-3 times that of the nutrient components to prepare a pasty mixture;
(4) dissolving the auxiliary agent, betaine and derivatives thereof in a small amount of water, adding into the pasty mixture, and stirring for 0.5-1 h;
(5) drying, adding the composite resin particles, and uniformly mixing to obtain the culture soil.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method of sterilizing the garden soil in the step (1) comprises: sun exposure, suffocation combined with sun exposure, boiled water sterilization, stir-frying sterilization or sterilizing agent sterilization; the method for deodorizing garden soil comprises the following steps: ventilating and airing for deodorization, deodorization by an adsorption method, deodorization by a microbial method or deodorization by an ozone method.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the sieving in the step (1) is 100-200 mesh; the step (2) is pulverized to 200-400 meshes.
5. Use of the culture soil for flower or tree transplantation according to claim 1 or the culture soil obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 4 in flower or tree transplantation.
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| CN112616617A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-09 | 国视农实业股份有限公司 | Culture soil for household fruit and vegetable planting and production method thereof |
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